USA > Pennsylvania > Lehigh County > Bethlehem > A history of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1741-1892, with some account of its founders and their early activity in America > Part 83
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775
1877-1892.
visiting clergymen, and at half past two o'clock the love-feast was held in the church, which was yet more densely crowded than at the preceding service. The Rev. W. H. Oerter officiated and made a short opening address. In addition to the greetings and responses already communicated, those offered in person and others more briefly and informally sent, letters from some other persons were read at this service, one being from the Rev. Benjamin LaTrobe, then Moravian Secretary of Missions in London. Addresses were made at the love-feast by Bishop Rondthaler, who brought greetings in the name of North Carolina Moravians, and by the Rev. W. H. Rice, of New York City.
The special service that was introduced took place at five o'clock. It was held entirely in German, but its character awakened so much interest that fully six hundred persons attended. Nothing in the course of the festival revived such pleasing memories of former days, when similar services were a part of the regular order at Bethlehem. It consisted principally of one of the old services from the German "liturgy book," treating of the departed ones and the fellowship with the Church Triumphant-chorales and responsive recitative sung throughout, solo leader, choir and congregation alternating, with full orchestral accompaniment. The sentences intended to be sung, under the old arrangement, by the "Liturgus"-the minister leading the service-were taken on this occasion by Robert Rau who, in his long previous connection with the choir as leading tenor, had often rendered this kind of service. When it was decided to introduce this feature, it was presumed that it would probably be the last time that one of these particular services of the olden times, thus elaborately rendered, would be heard in the church. This "Liturgy" was preceded by an introductory part led by the Rev. Morris W. Leibert, at which the Rev. Dr. Schultze, President of the Moravian College and Theo- logical Seminary, and the Rev. George F. Bahnson, Pastor of the Schoeneck Church near Nazareth, made addresses. At eight o'clock the festival closed with the Holy Communion. The three pastors of the congregation participated in the service, with two other ministers helping to distribute the elements to a very large number of communi- cants who, at the conclusion of this final service, pledged the hand of fellowship while they sang the old covenant hymn-renewing the ideal bonds of a hundred and fifty years :
We who here together are assembled, Joining hearts and hands in one, Bind ourselves with love that's undissembled, Christ to love and serve alone :
776
A HISTORY OF BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA.
Oh, may our imperfect songs and praises Be well-pleasing unto Thee, Lord Jesus ; Say, " My peace I leave with you." Amen, Amen, be it so.
This story of Bethlehem is finished. The years which followed its hundred and fiftieth anniversary present nothing, as yet not alluded to, that needs to be introduced in these final pages. The century has come to an end since that great festival and, in its closing year, there were notable memorial services in the church in which the members of the original religious household of Bethlehem have wor- shiped since the opening decade of the century-services which once more carried the mind back to the pioneers, the first house, the first Christmas and the naming of the place. Moravians throughout the world remembered, on May 26, 1900, that on that day two hundred years before, Nicholas Lewis Count of Zinzendorf was born. In appreciative recognition of what he did to restore the ancient pros- trate Church of the Brethren, to found its modern villages, schools and congregations, in the Old World and the New, and to start it on the way to its most distinguished modern work-pioneer evangeliza- tion in heathen lands-memorial services were held at many a place and these things were spoken about. So at Bethlehem the Zinzen- dorf Bi-Centenary called up again the memorable scenes of December 24, 174I, and June 25, 1742, when his presence graced and his spirit ruled the two most notable days in the first years of the goodly town.
On December 31, 1900, not only Moravians, but large numbers of other Christian people, gathered in one and another sanctuary at midnight, or kept vigil in many a home, to do homage, at the going out of the century, to Him, before Whom Zinzendorf and his brethren bowed as the supremely Adorable One, in Whose Name the founda- tions of Bethlehem were laid and Who is "the same yesterday, today and forever." Marvelous are the changes that time has wrought on the historic acres which became the first Moravian property in America, since David Nitschmann felled the first tree on the hill above the spring, in the conviction that here was the best place yet found at which to build the town and that here it would arise. The essen- tial ideals of. religion and brotherhood, of sanctified learning, conse- crated toil and highest community of interests that gave genius, aim and form to the Christian commonwealth of which those founders conceived, are as unchanging and perpetual as the existence of Him to Whose glory they built the House of Bread by the springs of living water.
GENERAL INDEX.
The references refer to page numbers.
Accounts, System of, 183. A
Administrator, 269 ; J. C. A. de Schweinitz,
431 ; L. D. de Schweinitz settles with Bethlehem, 684; office ceases, 689.
Agapae, 66. Allemaengel in danger, 306.
Allen tract, 57, 61.
Allentown, 408, 415.
Alleys, named, 715.
American Colonization Society, 647.
American House, see Hotel.
Anchor Hotel, see Hotel.
Antes, Henry, first meets with Moravians, 32. Justice of the Peace, 211; ordained, 227; protests, 248, 249; builds Friedensthal mill, 250; as a Moravian, 251; leaves Bethlehem, 251 ; death of, 295.
Apothecary shop, see pharmacy.
Arawacks at Bethlehem, 240.
Archives catalogued, 409.
Archives and library, 701.
Arks on the Lehigh, 642.
Arrivals from Europe, 1783-1800, noted, 569.
Artist, J. J. Mueller, 73, 145; J. V. Haidt, 278; others, 709, 710. Associators, 216, 217.
Aufseher Collegium instituted, 421, 514, 550, 666, 677, 681, 688.
Augsburg Confession received, 27.
B
Banks, 739.
Baptism of Indian converts at Oley, 104. Baptist church, 698. Baron de Kalb at Bethlehem, 462, 468. Bartow's path, 737.
Bechtel, John, ordained, 96.
Bell-house, 191.
Bells, on old Seminary, 191; transported from Philadelphia, 463.
Bethlehem, lands, first purchase, 56, 57, 61 ; first house 61, 62, 148; named, 79; con- gregation organized, 137, 138, 139, 140; center of Moravian work, 148; period of extreme exclusivism, 536; fiftieth anni- versary, 537; officials, end of eighteenth century, 540; dominated by Administrator Cunow, 568, 595, 607, 610, 615, 636;
characteristics early in nineteenth century, 583-586; controversy about real estate, 606-608; changes agitated, 609-618; anniversary festival, 621 ; clergy, active in neighborhood, 628; first house demolished, 633; controversy with Cunow acute, 636; L. D. de Schweinitz succeeds him, 637; new era opens, 639: financial reaction, 650; complications with insolvent house- owners, 650; lease-system becoming im- practicable, 652; de Schweinitz dies when reconstruction pending, 653; official changes, 654; P. H. Goepp, administrator, 654 : gradual change, village organization, 665; water and fire departments, 666- 668; financial depression and great flood, 671-673, 676; centennial of the town, 673-675; church-village system no lon- ger possible, 678-679: lease-system abol- ished, 679; Borough incorporated, 680, 681 ; population, 682; ground rents and sales, 683; ecclesiastical re-organization, and incorporation, 684-687; population, 1847, by streets, 689; census 1890. given, 760; sesqui-centennial celebration, 766- 775 ; close of nineteenth century, 776; artillerists, 740; guard, 740; Iron Com- pany, 723, 26, 758.
Bible, Bohemian, 15.
Bible Society, Northampton County, 626; Bethlehem Auxiliary, 627, 700.
Birth, first in Bethlehem, 142.
Bishop, first of renewed Church, 30.
Bishopthorpe School, 730.
Bleck's Academy, 659, 705.
Boarding-school at Bethlehem, 149.
Boards, general executive, 616.
Book-store, 191.
Book bindery, Oerter, 671.
Braddock, defeat, 297.
Brass foundry, Lehman, 717.
Brethren's House, located, 144; built, 197, 198, 199; declines, 567, 594; financial straits, 594, 595 : plans to meet crisis, 598; plans for use of building, 599; establishment closed, 599 ; building re- modeled and occupied by boarding- school, 600.
Brewery becomes paper-mill, 643.
Bridge, Monocacy, 202.
779
780
GENERAL INDEX.
Bridges, Lehigh, the first, 545-546 ; canal,
644; New Street, 735; Broad Street, 735 ; Union Street, 735; Main Street, new one proposed, 760; tolls cease, Main and Broad. 760.
Brodhead's Station, 738.
Brotherly Agreement, 24, 292, 511.
Bruederpfleger, last at Bethlehem, 603. Burgomasters, 665.
Business, varieties opened, 634, 635. Butchering stand, Krause's, 671.
C
Calendar, O. S. and N. S., 56, 57, 98. Calixtines, 9.
Cammerhoff, Bishop, arrives, 185.
Camp Fetter, 742.
Canal, Lehigh, constructed, 643; followed by speculation, 650.
Capt. John, 154, 155; death of, 196.
Catalpa (Calypso) Island, 632, 716; boats and ferries, 716.
Catechism issued by Bechtel, 96, 97.
Catherine, the ship and its fate, 108.
Cavalry, Doster, Wetherill, 743, 744.
Cemetery, Bethlehem, opened in, 142, 204; South side, 191, 389 ; improved, 434; on West side hill, 454, 456, 476, 479; the "strangers' row," 477; Nisky Hill; 691 ; Fountain Hill, 731.
Census of Bethlehem, 378; in 1771, 425. Centennial of Bethlehem, 675; of United States, 752; cadets. 754; Exposition opened, 753; celebrated at Bethlehem,754. Chastellux, Marquis de, visits Bethlehem, 517 ; his account of Bethlehem, 518-521. Children's Home, South Bethlehem, 756. Children's services, 620, 621.
Choirs. origin of, 197.
Christiansbrunn, 190; Brethren's House closed at. 540.
Christmas Eve vigils, 77. 78, 157. Church, second, built, 255.
Church, the third, building of planned, 569; different sites dicussed, 570-572; need of large church argued, 572; John Ettwein's interest, 570-573; combined water-tower and belfry proposed, 573; financial plans and estimates, 574; site cleared, 574; contracts let, 573, 574 ; corner-stone laid, 575; master-workmen, 576; building described, 576, 577; later change of roof, 576; organ built, 578; total cost, 578; consecration described, 578-581 ; later alterations, 690-691. Church, Christ Reformed, 694.
Churches, surrounding country, 563, 628.
Churches, South Bethlehem, Moravian, 731 ; Presbyterian, 732; Episcopal, 732; Ro- man Catholic, 733; Lutheran, 733; Re-
formed, 733 ; Methodist, 733; Evangelical Association, 734; Hebrew, 735. Cicerone, 140.
Cicerones, Bethlehem, 632.
Citizen's Hall, 706, 708, 746, 747.
Civil War, beginning of, 740; first Bethle- hem volunteers, 740 ; home guards, 741 ; divergent sentiments 741; war-time ad- vertisements, 742; woolen army goods, 743; first deaths, Bethlehem troops, 743 ; cavalry companies, 743 ; relief association, 744; school children assist, 744; notable gatherings, 745; chaplain's aid society, 746; army express, 747 ; funerals of sol- diers, 747, 749, 751 ; Union League, 747 ; Gettysburg battle panic, 748; Christian Commission, 749 ; large sums of money, bounty, 750; Lincoln Memorial service, 750; close of the war celebrated, 750; decoration of graves, 751; Grand Army of the Republic, 752. Clergy house, 68.
Coal, anthracite, discovery of, 640; first mining company, 641; Bethlehem men take shares, 641; experimented with at Henry's forge, 641.
Collegii elucidated, 263.
Colony of Moravians in Georgia, 106; at Heerendyk, 106; to Holstein, 106; at St. Croix, 106; the Henry Jorde, 253.
Columbus Day, four hundredth anniversary, 765.
Comenius, John Amos, maintained the epis- copacy, 19; as educator, 19; invited by Harvard, 20; his hopes fulfilled, 20; death of, 20; three hundredth anniver- sary, 765.
Community House at Bethlehem, 68; en- larged, 144.
Conference of Religions called, 97. .
Congregation Festival changed, 621.
Congress, Continental, convened, 446; mem · bers of take refuge in Bethlehem, 465 ; delegates issue order of safe-guard, 467.
Congressmen at Bethlehem, diary of, 470. Continental Hotel, see Hotel.
Council, Congregation, 550, 615, 619.
Counter-Reformation, 17.
Craig's Settlement, 46.
Credit System, Bethlehem, 609.
Crown Inn, see Hotel.
Culture, in community, 708.
Customs, antiquated, distasteful, 583.
D
Dansbury, massacre at. 327. Deaths, 1785 to 1805, noted, 568. Debts, diaconies and church building, 607,609. Decoration Day, 751.
Delawares, alleged conveyance, 48, 49.
781
GENERAL INDEX.
Diacony, General, organized, 380; estab- lished, 385.
Diaconies, special, 380.
Diary, George Neisser's, 71 : Neisser begins, 133, 134, 135. 140; Bethlehem, kept by Immanuel Nitschmann, 512; Jacob Van Vleck, 512; period of little interest, 513. Drylands Church, 563.
Dutch settlements on the Delaware, 23.
Dutch W. I. Company invites colonists for America, 20.
Dye houses, 253.
Eagle Hotel, see Hotel. E
Easton, laid out, 264, 266; lots purchased, 267; Indian Council, 343, 347 ; second Indian Council. 351; third Indian Coun- cil, 355; Indian treaty, 388.
Economy, 178, 293; General, 179, 180, 181 ; house built, 28 ;; House, changes in, 382 ; General, abrogation of, 365, 378-382. Eighteenth century, close of, 567.
Elder, General, 177.
Eldership, 223, 224, 226.
Elders' Conference defined, 420 ; Provincial, (Provincial Board) 677, 679, 684, 685; Unity, 677 ; village, 677.
Electric light, 759. Electric cars, 760. Emmaus, 156.
England, first steps in Moravian establish- ment, 26.
English preaching, 150.
Ephrata Community, Lancaster Co., 80.
Ephrata House, Nazareth, 427.
Ettwein, John, arrives, 278.
Evangelical Association church, Bethlehem, 696.
Evangelistic plans, 156.
Exclusive System, extreme stage of, 538; effects of paternalism, 539; decadence, 583 ; people dissatisfied, 585; strong move- ment to shatter system, 590-592; transi- tion period opens, 639 ; complication with house owners, 650; financial conditions hasten dissolution, 678, 679; lease system abolished, 679; Borough incorporated, 680, 681 ; church re-organized and incor- porated. 684-687.
Executive Authorities, re-organization of desired, 616.
Expenditures, reckless, 270.
F
Farm Bethlehem, end of, 629; south side, sold, 718. Farms, laid out, 162, 163, 413. Ferry, 161. Ferry, rope, 359.
Ferry, abandoned, 546. Fetter House, see Hotel.
Financial Crisis, 270, 274 ; 1836-44, 671- 677.
Fire-engine, first brought, 400.
Fire-engines, names and quarters, 667, 668, 714, 756, 760.
First house, Bethlehem, demolished, 633. Fishers, the, 130.
Fontainebleau, 719, 730.
Foot-washing, 169.
Forks of the Delaware, bounds, 45.
Fort Charles Augustus, 742.
Forts, frontier, built, 325, 327 ; evacuated, 370.
Foundries, iron, 634, 669, 723.
Fourth of July, 1826, celebrated, 646.
Freshet, 202; 1841, described, 672; those of 1862 and 1869, 736, 737.
Friedenshuetten at Bethlehem, 192; Indians, 670.
Friedensville, zinc mines and great engine, 721.
Fries, insurrection, 564.
Funeral first in Bethlehem, 142.
G
Garrison, engaged by Zinzendorf, 159; Cap- tain, 166; Captain, to Bethlehem, 237. Gas works, Bethlehem and South Bethle- hem, 714, 761.
Gemeintag, 67.
Gemein Haus at Bethlehem, 68.
Gemeinrath, 550, 615, 619, 665.
Georgia, first Moravian colony, 34; grant of land, 33. 35 ; John Wesley in, 35; first Indian School, 37; Spanish hostilities, 38, 40; Moravian colony breaking up, 39, 40; Second Moravian colony, 35 ; Moravians to Pennsylvania, 41.
Gerard, Chevalier, at Bethlehem ; visit an- nounced by Henry Laurens, 489. Gnadenhoeh, 426.
Gnadenhuetten, Mahoning, 193; begun, 193; Indian visitors, 238; massacre, 310- 318; destroyed, 332; new, 243; Ohio, massacre of Moravian Indians, 523.
Gnadenstadt, 426.
Gnadenthal, commenced, 190; sold for poor house, 668.
Goepp's financial measures, 668.
Grace Church, Lutheran, 694. Grand Army Post, 752. Greenland, mission begun, 29, N. J., 236; converts at Bethlehem, 233.
Greenlanders, at Bethlehem, 240.
H
Half-way house, 738. Harvard College invites Comenius, 20.
.
782
GENERAL INDEX.
Harvest, first in Bethlehem, 145.
Hausgemeine, 129, 178.
enters Heckewelder, John, arrives, 278; mission service, 387.
Helpers' Conference Provincial, (see Pro- vincial Elders Conference).
Helpers' General Conference of, 616, 619.
Herrnhut, beginning of, 22; relation to Ber- thelsdorf, 24.
Hirten Lieder von Bethlehem 97.
Historic establishments, 670, 671.
Hoeth's, massacre at, 327.
Holland, a refuge for persecuted religion- ists, 2.
Home Mission Society, Bethlehem, 649. Hope, ship launched, 375.
Hope, N. J., 236, 543; established, 416 ; settlement abandoned. 586; property sold, 587 ; Ettwein resides at, 51I.
Horsfield, Timothy, Sr., to Bethlehem, 237 ; builds house, 257; death, 432.
Hospital, military, moved to Bethlehem, 451 ; interments on west side hill, 454; Chap- lain, Ettwein, 454; second time at Beth- lehem, 464; overcrowded, 474; fever spreads into the town, 476; deaths, few on record, 477, 479 ; final removal, 482; expenses claimed by Bethlehem, 482, 730. Hotel, the Crown, 190, 359, 360; closed, 546; sold and demolished, 722; for In- dians, 192; Indian, 258; the Sun, 360, 408; Gov. John Penn, at, 433; crowded with military, 455 ; high stand- ard of, 494 : prominent guests, 515, 544; insurrectionists in custody at, 564 ; fictions about dungeons, 565; remodeled, 630; habitues, 631, 632; sold and refitted, 715; Eagle, 547, 633, 634, 670; modern im- provements, 715 ; Anchor, 645, 715; Fetter House, 645, 715 ; Keystone House, 715 ; Pennsylvania House, 715 ; American House, 716; Union House, 716; Conti- nental, 722.
Hourly intercession, 141. House leases, church-villages, 611. Hunter's Settlement, 46. Hydropathic Institute, 719. Hymnal, Bohemian, 15.
I
Indian Mission in Georgia, 29; languages, students of, 70; Mission work planned, I33; baptism, first in Bethlehem, 143; Missions planned, 155 ; languages studied, 165 ; Mission in New York, 184; houses at Bethlehem, 192; Missions extended, 237; Missions in New York and Con- necticut abandoned, 239 ; names for mis- sionaries, 242; Renatus, trial, 401 ; Renatus, killed, 496; converts to Wyom-
ing Valley, 406; converts to Ohio, 407; Indians at Bethlehem, 152; from Sheko- meko, 177 ; last notable visit of, 561, 562; Friedenshuetten, 670.
Independence, Declaration of, 446. Indestructible Lancers, 742.
Industries, reviewed, 388, 389, 390; more liberty in, sought, 614 ; varieties of, 634, 635 ; established at canal, 645; sale of concerns to individuals, 669.
Irene, ship built, 200, 201 ; launched, 288; wrecked, 363.
Irish Settlement, 46, 150; refugees in Beth- lehem, 308.
Iron foundry, the first, 634; Beckel's, 669, 723, 735; Abbott and Cortright's, 723. Iron furnaces at canal, projected, 723.
Iron works, South Bethlehem, 723, 758.
J Jefferson School-house, 762. John Wasamapah (Tschoop), 113; death of, 193.
Jones, Paul, at Bethlehem, 521 ; as volunteer police officer, 522.
Justice of the Peace, 139.
K Keystone House, see Hotel. Kinderhaus, old and new, 702. Kirchentag, Maehrischer, 621. Kobatch, Col., (Kowats,) at Bethlehem, 486.
L La Fayette at Bethlehem. 465.
Land, Bethlehem, proposed sale of, 606; relation, Bethlehem Boards, Proprietor, Administrator, Unity's Wardens, 606, 607 ; opposition of Administrator Cunow, 607 ; his methods, 608; crisis, 637; he is retired, 637; is succeeded by L. D. de Schweinitz, 637 ; new Administrator ends controversy. 638 ; new agreements signed, 638; large sales by P. H. Goepp, 685, 718.
Lapland, Mission attempted, 29.
Laurel Street Chapel, 763. Laurens, Henry, at Bethlehem, 465. Law, right of resort to, claimed, 612.
Lease system, abolition of desired, 611; effected, 679.
Lehigh Coal Company, 641.
Lehigh Navigation Company, 642; com- bined with Coal Company, 642.
Lehigh University founded, 728. Library, Congregation and archives, 661. Library Association, Bethlehem, 701. Limitation clause, house leases, 611.
Lissa folios found, 12. Lissa, burnt, 18.
783
GENERAL INDEX.
Little Strength, 166; captured by privateer, 174.
Liquidation Committee, Moravian property, 686, 687.
·
Log houses, present church site, demolished, 574.
London, first Sea-Congregation organized, 107.
Losung, 69.
Lot, use of the, 102, 103 ; objected to, 590, 591, 611.
Lovefeasts, 183 ; explained, 66.
Lutheran Church, Bethlehem, beginning of, 692-694.
Maguntsche, 156. M
Mail stage, 544, 630, 722, 730.
Market house opened, 759.
Marriage, first in Bethlehem, 142.
Marschall, F. W. von, and party receive passports, 507.
May twelfth, significance of, 621.
Meniolagomeka, Mission, 244.
Mennonite Church, 699.
Methodist, Thomas Webb at Bethlehem, 458.
Methodists, first movements, 3 ; beginning of Methodist Church, 695, 696.
Militia service, 440 ; inhibition of resisted, 612.
Mill, grist, built, 161; rebuilt, 256; leased, 635; sold to C. A. Luckenbach, 652; burnt and rebuilt, 737; saw, 173, 192; at Gnadenhuetten, 195, 196 ; Christians- brunn, 195, 196; Friedensthal, built, 250; oil, 192; burnt, 400; rebuilt, 410; at Bethlehem, enlarged, 253 ; fulling, built, 253; started, 256, 635, 669; road de- clared public, 636; Owen Rice, up the Monocacy, 643; buckwheat 667 ; woolen, Doster's, 669, 742.
Mills, woolen, Monocacy and Moravian, 669, 742.
Mission work, plans for, 104; Indian, in Ohio, 387.
Missionaries suspected as Papists, 174, 175, 176; imprisoned in New York, 177 ; at Wyoming in danger. 305.
Missionary Society, Women's, 625 ; Young Men's, 648.
Monopolies, relaxation of desired, 613.
Moravian Congregation, settlement with Administration and Sustentation, 684- 686 ; legal incorporation, 687 ; first offi- cers under charter, 687 ; last officers under old system, 688; pastoral changes, 689. Moravian Church, titles of, 7 ; sketch of, 7, 8, 9; Episcopate, 8, 11 ; Churchmen, the five, 22, 28, 30.
Musgrave Chapel, Presbyterian, 698.
Music, organ, 171; spinet, 171 ; trombones, 331 ; organ-builder, Klemm, 363; Tanne- berger, 364; organ by Tanneberger, 451 ; musicians serve country churches, 563, 628; Singstunden and Liturgien, 581; devotion to music, 584; first rendition of "The Creation," 584 ; Philharmonic So- ciety, 661 ; uses Old Chapel, 661 ; musi- cal developments reviewed, 662; the Wasserfarth, 662 ; notable musical per- formances, 662 ; W. T. Roepper as musi- cal director, 662; Jedediah Weiss, basso, 662 ; "band music," 663 ; trombone choir, 663 ; first "band," David Moritz Michael, 663 ; Columbia Band and Beckel's Band, 664 ; Ambrose H. Rauch, musical patri- arch, 664; Philharmonic Society, decline and revival, 708, 763; Theodore F. Wolle and William K. Graber, 708, 709; Choral Union, Liederkranz, Concordia Glee Club, Cornet Band, Fairview Band, 764 ; Ora- torios directed by J. Fred. Wolle, 764 ; The Oratorio Society, 764; Bach Choir and Festival, 764.
Musicum, Collegium, organized, 172, 205.
N
Nain, planned, 353; Indians threatened, 393 : abandoned, 402; houses removed to Bethlehem, 407.
Nativity of our Lord, Church of, 697.
Naturalization Act, 214, 215, 216.
Nazareth tract, The Rose, purchased by Whitefield, 44 ; Moravian mechanics, 44, 51 ; Court Baron, 147; Congregation organized, 147, 170; places consolidated, 378.
Nazareth Hall planned, 280; finished, 282; dedicated, 348; boys' school, 366; plans elaborated, 404.
Neisser, George, School-house, 762.
New-Born, the, 80.
New Haven, Conn., Sea-Congregation lands, III.
New London, Conn., Sea - Congregation lands, 110.
New Mooners, 80.
Newspapers, 711-714.
Nineteenth Century, close of, 776.
Nisky Hill Bridge Company, 760; Ceme- tery, 691 ; Seminary, 705, 723, 762.
Nitschmann, John, regime, 246; recalled, 261; David, Sr., death of, 365; Bishop David, death of, 432.
Noah's Ark, 670.
Non-combatants, Moravians as, 38, 336, 337, 434 ; Franklin's letter on, 437.
Northampton County erected, 266.
Northampton town, 408.
Nursery, 231.
784
GENERAL INDEX.
O
Oath, taking of, 216, 217. Odd Fellows' Hall, 695.
Official changes, 1834-1835, reviewed, 675- 676. .
Old Chapel, inconvenient entrance, 572; former interior of, 572; becomes library and concert hall, 661 ; renovated for wor- ship, 691 ; organ in, 691.
Old Man's place, 209.
Old South Bethlehem, 645.
Onondago, Zeisberger visits, 245, 304 ; Cam- merhoff visits, 245.
Oppeltsville, 719.
Ordination, first Moravian in America, 36 ; first in Bethlehem, 143. Organization, interlinked, objected to, 615.
Overseers, Board of, instituted, 421.
Oxford, Peter Boehler at, 39.
P
Palmetto rattlesnake ticket, 742.
Paper mill at canal, 643; its later uses, 644. Park, Main and Church Streets proposed, 571. Parliament, English, and the Moravians, 27, 28; recognizes Moravian Church, 218-222.
Parsons, William, sketch of, 265.
Paternalism, "Pappy Schaaf," 620.
Patriotic demonstrations, 646, 750, 752, 753. Paxton rangers, 403.
Penn, John, poem on Bethlehem, 552. Penn School-house, 762.
Pennsylvania experiment, Penn's, I, 2, 4.
Pennsylvania House, see Hotel.
Pennsylvania Synods, 98, 99, 100, 102.
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