A history of Columbia County, Pennsylvania. From the earliest times., Part 27

Author: Freeze, John G. (John Gosse), 1825-1913
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Bloomsburg, Pa. : Elwell & Bittenbender
Number of Pages: 594


USA > Pennsylvania > Columbia County > A history of Columbia County, Pennsylvania. From the earliest times. > Part 27


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Hess Samuel W,, October 9, '61, died at Washington, D. C., December 28, '61.


Lutz M. P., October 9, '61, discharged on surgeon's certificate December 3, '62.


Laubach Fred, October 9, '61, discharged on surgeon's certificate October 27, '62.


Meeker Albert, March 12, '64, mustered out with Company.


Megargel O. A., March 28, '62, mustered out with Company.


Patterson A. D., October 9, '61, discharged on surgeon's certificate June 20, '63.


Roberts Samuel, October 17, '61, mustered out with company. Veteran.


0


FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.


COMPANY H.


Clarence G. Jackson, mustered into service August 2, '62, in Com- pany H, 84th Regiment P. V. promoted from 2d to Ist Lieu- tenant, January 18, '63, to Captain July 1, '63; wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 3, '63, transferred to Company H, 57th Regiment P. V. January 13, '65, and dis- charged by special order March 10, '65.


Hiram S Marr, October 16, '62, promoted to Corporal March 1, '65, to Sergeant June 1, '65, mustered out June 29, '65.


Uriah Edgar, September 16, '62, discharged by general order June 1, '65.


Hilburn Samuel, September 18, '62, mustered out June 29, '65. Hossler Fred jr., September 18, '62, mustered out June 29, '65. Hossler Jacob, September 18, '62, absent sick at muster out.


Seeley Andrew D, August 6, '62, transferred from 84th Regi- ment P. V., 13 January '65, discharged by general order June 1, '65.


386


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT-SIXTEENTH CAVALRY.


Russel R. Pealer, mustered October 2, '62, into Company E, pro- moted from Sergeant Major to 2d Lieutenant, December 12, '64, to 1st Lieutenant May 8, '65, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Virginia, February 6, '65, mustered out with Company August 11, '65.


Daniel C. Swank, mustered October 2, '62, into Company E, pro- moted from Quartermaster Sergeant to 2d Lieutenant Novem- ber 18, '62, to 1st Lieutenant September 20th, '64, to Captain May 5, '65, wounded at Trevilian Station, Virginia, June 12, '64, transferred to Company I. July 24, '65, mustered out with Company August 11, '65.


Peter S. Ashleman, mustered October 2, '62, into Company E, transferred Company I, discharged on Surgeon's certificate Feb- ruary 27, '63.


John Notestine, mustered October 27 ,'62, Company F, promoted to Corporal June 17, '65, discharged by general order July 24, '65.


EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT.


Daniel Harris, October 15, '61, killed at Charles City Cross Roads Virginia, June 30, '62.


..


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HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


CHAPTER XXIX. ONE YEAR'S SERVICE.


TWO HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT.


J. Milton Shuman, August 30, '64, Company E, promoted from private to Ist Lieutenant; September 19, '64, discharged by special order February 14, '65.


William H. Evans, September 13, '64, into Company B, promoted to 1st Lieutenant January 28, '65, wounded at Hatcher's Run, Virginia, February 6, '65, absent without leave at muster out. John P. Guild, September 7, '64, 1st Lieutenant, Company D, mustered out with Company May 30, '65.


ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTH REGIMENT-COMPANY G.


William S. Townsend, mustered in April 8. '62, wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, died at Philadelphia at the Chestnut Hill Hospital, May 29, '64.


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ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT-THIRD ARTILLERY- BATTERY D.


Amos Townsend, mustered in December 13, '62, died on James River November. 6, '64.


-


FIFTH REGIMENT-BATTERY M.


Charles A. Knorr.


388


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


EIGHTIETH REGIMENT.


SEVENTH CAVALRY.


In 1861 William B. Sipes of Philadelphia, was authorized by Secretary of War Cameron to recruit a regiment of cavalry. On the 19th day of December of the same year it broke camp near Harrisburg, Pa., for Louisville, Ky., and upon arrival there report- ed to Gen. Buell. It remained in arduous and active service un- til the close of the war, and was discharged August 23, 1865. A part of Co. D. and a part of Co. H. were recruited in Montour county, and I have endeavored to select from them the names of the Montour county men. If they are omitted I will be glad to have the names supplied to me, to be added.


COMPANY D.


Samuel Robinalt, deserted December 8, '64,


Michael Breckbill, mustered out with Regiment.


Samuel Sprout, mustered out with Company.


Newton L. Sayers, deserted December 25, '64.


John Dugan, discharged on surgeon's certificate July 22, '63. William C. McCay, deserted January 12, '65.


Joseph Heffler, died at Madison, Indiana, January 12, '65. W. Forest.


John T. Newcomer, mustered out October 31, '64, expiration of term.


T. J. Trumbower, died at Louisville, Kentucky, Feb- ruary 13, 1862-National Cemetery, section A, range 13, grave 6. Martin Kieffer.


Charles E. Wagner, mustered out with Company.


Hiram Wertman.


William H. Kieffer, mustered out with Company.


Charles A. Balliet, died at Limestoneville, Pa., May 7, 1864.


Daniel W. Rank, mustered out December 16, 1864, expiration of term.


Capt. James Bryson, died at Louisville, Ky., April 1, '62.


W. Caldwell.


Jacob F. Balliet, discharged on surgeon's certificate, February 1863.


389


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


Joseph D. Fulton, mustered out with Company.


-Carnathan.


Alfred Roberts, mustered out with Company.


Thomas H. Sanders, not on muster out roll.


Wm. A. Fetter, mustered out October 3, '64, expiration of time. Thomas Keisteller.


Daniel G. Dildine, died at Bardstown, Ky., February 22, '62.


Daniel F. Wagner, discharged on surgeon's certificate, November 16, '62,


COMPANY H.


Capt. Samuel Hibler, resigned February 16, '62. Thomas J. Wenck, mustered out with Company.


Thomas Davis, prisoner from"August 20, '64, to April 28, '65, dis- charged June 17, to date May 18, '65.


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"THE COLUMBIA GUARDS."


This Military Company, belonging specially to Danville, but famous all over Columbia county, in honor of which it took its name, by its connection with the Mexican war, was organized in 1817. On the breaking out of the war with Mexico, the Company was under the command of Capt. John S. Wilson, and their offer of service being accepted they were mustered into the service of the United States on the 28th day of December, 1846. They were escorted as far as Pittsburgh, on their way to the seat of war, by a number of citizens and cheered on their way with every demonstration of popular approval. They were placed in the Second Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanded by Col. Wyn- koop, and afterwards by Col. Geary, afterwards Governor of Penn- sylvania.


Capt. Wilson died at Vera Cruz on the 10th day of April, 1847 and the command devolved on Dr. C. W. Frick, who gallantly led the Guarde during the campaign. Their first engagement was at the storming of Vera Cruz, and the second at Cerro Gordo, where they lost one man, John Smith. At the battle of Chepultepec


390


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


they lost two men, William Dietrich and John Snyder. On ap- proaching the city of Mexico, the defense of San Angelos, with all the military stores, was committed to the Guards ; and on the 13th of September 1847, they were among the first in triumphant entry into the city.


They returned to Danville on the 28th day of July 1849. The whole county turned out to welcome them, and such a demonstra- tion as was then made had never been seen in Danville before or since.


The Guards kept up their organization until the Rebellion, and entered the Union service under Capt. Oscar Ephlin. On the ex- piration of their term of service they were honorably discharged and the Company disbanded.


The following is the muster roll of the Columbia Guards, as they went into the United States service for the war with Mexico: Captain-John S. Wilson.


Lieutenants-1st. Clarence H. Frick ; 2d, Edward E. LaClere ; 3d, William Brindle.


Sergeants-1st, George S. Kline; 2d, Jas. D. Slater ; 3d, Robert Clark ; 4th, Charles Evans.


Corporals-1st, John Adams; 2d, James Oliver; 3d, John Smith ; 4th, Arthur Gearhart.


Music-Drummer, Thomas Clark; Fifer, Jesse G. Clark.


PRIVATES.


Charles W. Adams,


Jasper Musselman,


Alvin M. Allen,


Edward McGonnel,


Jacob App,


George Miller,


Geo. W. Armstrong,


William Moser,


Frederick Brandt,


Archibald Mooney,


Samuel Burns,


Mahlon K. Manly,


Elam B. Bonham,


John G. Mellon,


Samuel D. Baker,


Richard H. M'Kean,


Francis B. Best,


Robert M'Almont,


William Brunner,


Hugh M'Fadden,


Wm. H. Birchfield,


James M'Clelland,


Randolph Ball,


Alex M'Donald,


Wm. Banghart,


John Birkenbine,


Daniel Martial,


Francis Bower,


Charles Moynthan,


Norman B. Mack,


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


391


Peter Brobst,


William McDonald,


Abram B. Carley,


Casper Oatenwelder,


Michael Corrigan, Wm. Dieterech,


Daniel Poorman,


Peter S. Reed,


William Erle,


Philip Rake,


Daniel S. Follmer,


James A. Stewart,


Chas. W. Fortner,


Peter M. Space,


Robert H. Forster,


Jona R. Sanders,


Sewell Gibbs,


Oliver C. Stephens,


Daniel Snyder,


Edward Grove, George Garner,


Edward Seler,


Thomas Graham,


Peter Seigfried,


Shepherd W. Girton,


John C. Snyder,


Samuel Huntingdon,


John N. Scofield,


Adam Heisler,


William Swartz,


Henry Herncastle,


Joseph Stratton,


Oliver Helme,


Win. H. Sawaney,


William S. Kertz,


John A. Sarvey,


William King,


Benj. Tumbleton,


Jerome Konkle,


Adam Wray,


Charles Lytle,


Wm. White,


Ira Lownsberry,


George Wagner, Jacob Willet,


Robert Lyon,


John A. Lowery,


Jerome Walker,


Benjamin Laform,


George Wingar,


Benj. J. Martin,


Peter W. Yarnell,


392


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


MILITARY OCCUPATION.


INTRODUCTORY.


In the year 1869, a narrative of the military occupation of Col- umbia county, the arrest of many of our citizens, their incarcer- ation in military prisons and their subsequent trial before a mil- itary commission, appeared in the columns of The Columbian newspaper. It was accompanied with a commentary on the facts and evidence adduced upon the trials ; and to these were added reports of additional cases and personal experiences of harsh, cruel and unlawful treatment suffered by innocent persons in our county. What was then and there published stands uncontra- dicted, and as a portion of the history of the county is here in- serted. A few paragraphs by way of comment and remark have been omitted.


The first detachment of troops arrived in Bloomsburg on Sat. urday evening, August 13, 1864, and additions continued to be made for several days, until the number amounted to about one thousand men. The arrests were made August 31, 1864, and the trials commenced at Harrisburg, October 17, 1864.


Of the seven men convicted, one, William Appleman, paid his fine; one, Samuel Kline was pardoned by President Lincoln ; and five, John Rantz, John Lemons, Joseph VanSyckle, Rev. A. R. Rutan, Benjamin Colley and Valentine Fell were pardoned by President Johnson.


To the narrative of these occurrences is added, among other interesting matter, the argument of Hon. Jeremiah S. Black before the Supreme Court of the United States on the Milligan case, with the opinion of the Court, delivered by Mr. Justice Davis. This opinion fully vindicates the legal position taken by our people, and is a just and authoritative condemnation of the actions of the military detachment, and of the trials and senten- ces by the military commission.


393


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


CHAPTER XXX.


MILITARY OCCUPATION OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


In order to preserve as faithful a record as possible from facts, dates and evidence in our possession, we propose to cast into the form of a suceinet and ecrrected narrative, the incidents preced- ing and accompanying the armed occupation of Columbia county in the year A. D. 1864. The publications heretofore made on the subject omit many matters important to be known and remember- ed in connection therewith.


During the civil war, the Republican party, backed by the ad- ministration and the army, which had been subsidized to its pur- poses, became insolent in its behaviour and revolutionary in its purposes with regard to government. No man was allowed to speak freely against or eritieise or condemn the course the dom- inant party were pursuing. All over the loyal North military spies, irresponsible Provost Marshals and armed forces were dis- tributed for the purpose of overawing the people and of prevent- ing at the elections a fair and free expression of opinion. And the nearer the Presidential election of 1>64 approached, the more overbearing became these government officials and employees, un- til a reign of terror was inaugurated in the country. The State of Pennsylvania was particularly the scene of atrocious outrage. Where it was thought the elections required to be manipulated there soldiers were located, citizens were arrested, property was destroyed, the State itself degraded, and the constitution and laws set at defiance. The counties of Deras, Columbia, Clearfield, Pike, Schuylkill and many others were subje~ ~ ~ - military raids the memory of which will abide with the viator and their poster- ity for generations.


About the first of August 1864, a squad of men led by a young


394


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


man named Robinson, a citizen of Luzerne county, attempted to stop by challenging upon a public highway of this county, in the night time, several of our citizens- citizens not one of whom, so far as has ever been ascertained, was amenable to military law. Neither party knowing the other in the darkness, the challenged party fired and wounded Robinson severely and one of his com- panions slightly. The affair passed, no information was made, no warrant was taken out, in short no attempt was made by the civil authorities to search for or arrest any of the parties. Subsequent- ly a man named Smith was taken up, but he was never tried for the offense. Robinson and his company had no authority or pretense of authority to make arrests, or to act in any way on be- half of the government. Following immediately upon this shoot- ing affray it is believed that some person or persons (whose name or names have never yet transpired) went to Harrisburg and per- haps to Washington. Representations seem to have been made as a foundation for a military raid, that the drafted men in Col- umbia county had never reported. What more was alleged has not been learned. The result was, that on Saturday evening, August 13th 1864, the first detachment of soldiers arrived in Bloomsburg; and in a few days, by constant accretions, the armed force num- bered one thousand men. It was given out by those in the secret, or who desired to be thought so, "that they were to scour the county." They encamped upon the Agricultural Fair Grounds, below Bloomsburg, and on Tuesday the 16th of August, Major General Couch commanding the Department of the Susquehanna arrived, and he made our town for a time his Head Quarters. At that time the force consisted of Capt. Lambert's Independent Company of mounted men; one section of the Keystone Battery of Philadelphia, under command of Lieut. Roberts, and a batallion of Infantry under Lieut. Col. Stewart. Subsequently, they were reinforced by a batallion of the Veteran Reserve Corps, complet- ing the Army of Occupation.


The leading Republicans had long and earnest interviews with Gen. Couch. Finally Senator Buckalew was sent for. Subse- quently sever fully lemen waited upon Col. Freeze with a prop- osition to bear a invessage from the General commanding the Department to the non-reporting drafted men. He at first de- clined to go, but finally yielded to earnest solicitation and ac-


395


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


cepted the mission. The following correspondence will fully explain the object and condition of affairs at the time. The first letter is Gen. Couch's official manifesto.


Headquarters Department of the Susquehanna, Bloomsburg, Pa., August 16, 1864. COL. J. G. FREEZE,


Bloomsburg, Pa.,


Sir :


You are authorized by me to inform those persons in Columbia county who have not reported as re- quired under the previous "drafts," and are known as deserters, that the charge of desertion shall be remitted by me provided they duly report themselves on or before 12 P. M., Saturday, August 20, current.


This does not apply to those charged with the crime of murder.


I am, very respt., D. N. COUCH,


Major General Commanding Department.


Several days afterward, in order to put upon record every cir- cumstance relating to Col. Freeze's expedition up the creek, he addressed the following note to a gentleman cognizant of all the facts and circumstances :


Bloomsburg, Pa., August 22, 1864.


CHARLES R. PAXTON, EsQ.,


Dear Sir : As you were fully ac- quainted with every step, preliminary to my taking a message up the creek, from Maj. Gen. Couch, Commanding Department of the Susquehanna, I beg that you will, as fully as your leisure will permit, in reply to this, state. the facts in connection there- with. I am, with great respect, your friend,


J. G. FREEZE.


To which, on the next day, Mr. Paxton replied as follows : Bloomsburg, Pa., August 23, 1864. JOHN G. FREEZE, EsQ.,


Dear Sir :


Yours of yesterday is received, and I will, with pleasure, comply with your request. It was thought by Gen. Couch to be advisable to notify the deserters in


396


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


the northern part of this county, that the penalties to which they were subject as deserters, would be remitted, provided they would immediately report to the Provost Marshal. At the Gen- eral's request, or with his approbation, I saw Mr. Buckalew who approved of the plan, and suggested that you would be a fit per- son to communicate with the deserters, and said he would see you, and try to induce you to do so. After he had seen you, I called on you and you refused to go. Subsequently, for reasons unknown to me, you consented to go provided Gen. Couch would give you in writing the communication it was thought expedient to send to the deserters, the substance of which is above stated. I then introduced you to the General and left you with him.


Respectfully and truly yours, C. R. PAXTON.


During the interview spoken of above Col. Freeze offered to take Gen. Couch in a carriage up the creek to all points and have him personally meet the people and hunt the fort alleged to have been erected ; or if the General preferred, each one should choose a friend and the four proceed together in a carriage on the ex- pedition. The Colonel pledged himself for the entire safety of the party, and agreed to drive to any and every place where any one said the fort was located, or entrenchments or defensive or offensive preparations had been made. The General declined, while admitting he thought there would be no danger. Gen. Couch returned to Harrisburg, Wednesday August 17th.


On that same evening Col. Freeze had an interview with Col. Stewart, in command of the forces, and gave him a statement of all the facts in his knowledge in relation to the Robison affair, also a full report of his mission up the creek, from which he had just then returned, assuring him there would be no resistance by any citizens to the arrest of alleged deserters, that ten men could arrest them as safely as ten hundred ; and concluded by making the same offer to him, that had already been made to Gen. Couch. Col. Stewart also declined.


This persistent refusal on the part of the military authorities to become acquainted with our people, and make themselves familiar with localities and facts, argues very strongly that the object of the raid upon our County had an entirely different object than the one so ostentatiously set forth, to-wit, the arrest and mustering


397


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


into service of non-reporting drafted men. They listened only to the false, malicious and exaggerated reports and stories of the enemies of the people, and were thus prepared to "Scour the County."


And to prove beyond controversy that such was the case, the fact exists that during the time the troops were encamped on the Fair Grounds. a cavalry officer told Col. Freeze in the presence of Col. Hiram R. Kline, Messrs. Levi Cox, Martin Ammerman and Cyrus Robbins, that he had been told by a prominent Republican that to his, the Republican's "certain knowledge, there were five hundred non-reporting drafted men up the creek." Another Re- publican who had a corn field adjoining the grounds or near them, requested the soldiers not to take any roasting ears from his patch, and pointed out to them one belonging to a "copper- head," which was a proper object for destruction and spoliation. Again, when Gen. Couch first arrived at Bloomsburg, he was ad- vised to call upon Senator Buckalew who had just returned from a session at Washington ; whereupon the General mounted Cedar Hill, "solitary and alone," and found the Senator at work in a field. He then detailed to him his dreadful story of insurrection in the Fishing Creek Country and insisted that it was very exten- sive and dangerous, and that it was represented to him (Couch) that Colonel Kline was the leader, Mr. Buckalew's reply was, as we are informed, that he had no particular information of what had occurred in the Creek region beyond newspaper statements ; that he did not believe there was any general combination of the in- habitants to resist the draft; that the statement about Col. Kline was inconsistent with the character of that gentleman and was no doubt a falsehood, that in his opinion any military or civil officer could proceed into any of the upper townships without be- ing molested. He further proposed to postpone a journey which he was about to make to Niagara and accompany Couch to any place he might desire to visit in the county for the ascertainment of the truth. The General alleged that he was pressed for time, and the interview closed. The Radical leaders no doubt had given Couch his story, and it would seem they were very anxious to have Col. Kline, (an active Democrat and respectable gentle- man,) arrested. In fact it is very likely that Couch's visit to Mr. Buckalew and the emphatic statement made by the latter alone


398


HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY


prevented the arrest of Col. Kline and his incarceration in a Gov- ernment Bastile.


THE ARRESTS.


The troops collected in the manner described, moved from the Fair Grounds, near Bloomsburg on Sunday August 21, 1864, and advanced up Fishingcreek, on the Orangeville road. They were under the immediate command of Lieutenant Colonel Stewart. The column was escorted by a large number of sympathisers in military methods in buggies and carriages. The force was com- posed upon the highest principles of military art; infantry, cavalry and artillery being united in proper proportions, and the flag of the United States prostituted for a base purpose, was borne in front. But the great feature of the scene was the civilian escort. It was for them a joyful Sunday and their looks spoke their exul- tation. So far as they were concerned the churches were aban- doned, the quiet of the day disregarded, and a political raid upon their fellow citizens attended and encouraged. Their passions were gratified and their hopes were strongly excited at the pros- pect of political advantage from the armed occupation of our ter- ritory, and the application of military influence to our elections. Up past the Forks, over Cedar Hill, through Light Street, along the narrows beyond, all the way to Orangeville, streamed the mili- tary line and the Radical escort "in all the pomp and circum- stance" of inglorious war. Beneath the hot rays of an August sun the army of occupation approached the doomed region of the Upper Townships, in which its exploits were to be performed and its infamy made complete. We will not now, however, follow further the military advance to the North, but will return to Bloomsburg and trace subsequent events.


On Saturday, August 28, Major General George Cadwallader arrived here from Philadelphia to assume command, and he con- tinned his progress up the creek the next day with three hundred additional troops. Again was Sunday selected to push troops for- ward to the proposed scene of operations. The General returned to Bloomsburg on Tuesday, the 30th, and had long conferences with leading Radicals ; and during the night of the 30th, upon orders from him, troops were posted at various points in the upper townships, and at the break of day next morning about one hun-


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HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.


dred citizens were arrested and marched to a meeting house near the village of Benton. Here they were subjected to a summary ordeal and inspection, their cases being passed upon by a scound- rel officer in the pulpit upon whispered consultations with prom- inent Radicals of the neighborhood .- We say "a scoundrel officer" with good reason ; for he was subsequently tried by a military court and convicted as a villain, and we have besides the proof at hand (which will be hereafter given) that he extorted a bribe from one of our citizens under circumstances of peculiar infamy. There was no open examination of the cases of the arrested men nor any opportunity afforded them for explanation or defense. Whispered consultations between their malicious political enemies who were on the pulpit platform or near it, and the military sa- trap whose will and word stood in place of all law and justice, constituted the grounds of judgment by which they should be dis- charged or ordered into exile from their homes to be incarcerated in distant prisons. Finally a part of them were discharged with- out any reason assigned for their arrest or explanation of their discharge; but forty-five were ordered under guard to Blooms- burg, thence to be conveyed by rail by way of Harrisburg and Philadelphia to Fort Mifflin on the Delaware. The prisoners were . nearly all driven on foot like cattle, the long 18 miles from Benton to Bloomsburg, without breakfast, and had no meals furnished to . them on their way to Philadelphia.




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