USA > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Wilkes-Barre > A history of Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania : from its first beginnings to the present time, including chapters of newly-discovered early Wyoming Valley history, together with many biographical sketches and much genealogical material. Volume V > Part 47
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HOMER E. GRAHAM-A resident of Ashley, Pennsylvania, for many years, Homer E. Graham is engaged in the undertaking business here. This work, which was begun by his father, has been continued by Mr. Graham since the former's death, in a very successful way, the completeness of his equipment, which is modern in every respect, having contributed in no small degree to this end. Mr. Graham was born in Ashley, on Febru- ary 26, 1895, a son of John B. Graham, who was born in Ireland in 1848, and who died on December 26, 1918, and of Harriett (O'Neil) Graham, who was born in Gratz, Pennsylvania, and is still living. His father, a strong Republican, was very active in political circles.
Homer E. Graham attended the public schools of his birthplace, and the Wilkes-Barre High School, from which he was graduated in 1914, and later entered Lafay- ette College, where he continued his studies for two years. At the end of this time, he returned to Ashley and became associated with his father in the undertaking business, in which he has continued since his father's death under his own name. Politically, Mr. Graham is a member of the Republican party, and for the past twelve years has acted as deputy coroner of Hanover Township and Ashley Borough. During the World War he entered the service with the rank of second lieutenant and was stationed at Camp Gordon, Atlanta, Georgia, until his discharge on December 24, 1918. He is affiliated fraternally with Lodge No. 474, of the Free and Accepted Masons, and in this organization he is also a member of Shekinah Chapter, No. 182, of the Royal Arch Masons, Dieu le Veut Com- mandery, No. 45, of the Knights Templar, and Irem Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Graham is also a member of Lodge No. 100, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Lodge No. 680, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Lodge No. 149, Junior Order United American Mechanics, and Lodge No. 245, Patriotic Order Sons of America. He is a director of the First National Bank, of Ashley, and a member of the local Presbyterian Church.
On June 23, 1920, Homer E. Graham married Lucy M. Kern, of Wilkes-Barre, a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth ( Behler) Kern of that city. Mr. and Mrs. Graham are the parents of two children: 1. Ruth Eliza- beth, born February 18, 1921. 2. Homer E., Jr., born December 10, 1925. The family home is at No. 7 North Main Street, Ashley.
AMBROSE WEST-Sixty-four years ago a little lad of eight began a life of arduous toil in a Leicestershire, England, knitting-mill. Shut in from God's sunshine and the chance to romp carefree and happy, his only com- panions workers as ignorant as himself, that boy's out- look, one would say, was, indeed, hopeless. Could opti- mism, ambition, a kindly spirit survive such an environ- ment ? A year or so later that lad and his labors were transferred to a similar mill in America. Today, and for some years past, Ambrose West, who was that little boy, now having passed the three score years and ten of life allotted by the Psalmist, is a recognized leader among the knit goods manufacturers of this country and a leader as well in the civic betterment of the community where his enterprises are economic factors of great im- portance. Some jump! Yet this wide stretch was covered neither by a jump nor by a miracle. The story of it is an epic of personal endeavor and accomplish- ment. The lessons of this life so full of achievement against odds utterly discouraging and apparently insuper- able, could be expanded profitably into a useful textbook, whose inspiring pages would impart most valuable in- struction to every youth. Using anecdotes, personal ex- periences and a wide range of observation for illustra- tions, it would show that concentration of purpose, ambi- tion that could not be quenched, willingness to work longer hours and harder than most people deem neces- sary, careful study of every detail of one's work, the most rigid honesty in every relation of life, right habits, including proper attention to mental culture as well as to physical-that these are the main factors in winning success ; that they are effective in any field of endeavor and for one person as well as another.
Ambrose West, proprietor of the Pioneer Knitting Mills of Plymouth, was born in Leicestershire, England, November 28, 1836, son of Thomas and Maria ( Allen ) West. The elder West was a knitter by trade, and after coming to America with his family in 1865, he owned and operated a small plant in Germantown, this State. Ambrose West as a lad of nine worked in his father's plant in Germantown, mastering every detail of the spinning and weaving trades. Formal schooling he never
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had; hut he has proved that education is not to be denied the individual determined to have it. Possessing a keen mind and a retentive memory, young West read much, a habit that has persisted through all the years, he pondered well what he read and observed, he cultivated powers of concentration, analysis and reasoning, and it may be questioned if the advantages of a college training would have done more for him than he has done for himself. He worked at a place near Boston to get broader practical experience and followed his trade as an apprentice until 1874, when he was given a journey- man's rating and continued with the same employer until July, 1876. Then, returning to Germantown, he worked at his trade another two years; but now it was as fore- man in the plant of J. and B. Allen, with eight hundred people under his direction. He held that position ten years, resigning to go into business for himself. That was the goal toward which during all these years he had been working, striving, studying, sacrificing and sav- ing. He became a member of the firm of West Brothers, Taylor and Hawthorne. They engaged in the manu- facture of knit goods in Germantown from 1886. They. also established a plant in Plymouth, and in 1889 Mr. West removed to that town to take charge of that branch of the business. In 1901 he sold his interest in the. Germantown plant and purchased the interests of his partners in the one in Plymouth, thus becoming sole owner of it. This is known all over the United States as the Pioneer Knitting Mills, manufacturers of knitted hosiery. In 1906 a similar mill was established in Ashley, and these two plants furnish employment on an average to seven hundred people.
Mr. West and his sons, Albert and William, estab- lished the West Electric Light, Heat and Power Com- pany. About 1899 they began supplying the territory within a radius of about fifteen miles from Plymouth with light, heat and power. This business was operated continuously and successfully until 1903. It gave the town of Plymouth its first electric lights, an innova- tion and public improvement of incalculable social value from many points of view. Mr. West has also found time somehow to take an active part in many other enter- prises and movements, including political and fraternal activities, among which may be mentioned a partnership of two years with George Steigmier in the ownership and operation of the "Wilkes-Barre News," a daily paper. At one time he was the proprietor of the Shawnee Supply Company and also West Lumbering Manufactur- ing Company.
Mr. West has always been keenly interested in polit- ical matters. He was delegate to the National Con- vention of the Republican party in 1908, and served as a county commissioner from 1919 to 1927. He is a member of Plymouth Lodge, No. 332, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Valley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons : Mount Horeb Council, Royal and Select Masters; Bloomsburg Consistory, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite; and Irem Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine at Wilkes-Barre, of which he was a charter member. He is also member of Lodge No. 109, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; the Pen and Pencil Club, Wilkes-Barre, and the Press Club, of Wilkes-Barre.
In 1879 Ambrose West married Elizabeth Large (Boyes), of Germantown. Mrs. West died December 29, 1925. She was the daughter of Boyes and Mary Large. Of the six children born to Mr. and Mrs. West two are now living: A. Albert, born in 1880; Warren S., born in 1886, now deceased; Clarence, born in 1898; Bessie M., deceased; William T., deceased; Ethel, de- ceased. Mr. West is the proud grandfather of the fol- lowing children, all bearing the surname West : Ambrose R., Helen E., Elizabeth, Dorothea, Bradley, Frederick, Betty, Phyllis and Patricia. Still an active and most useful citizen of the State; Mr. West can take justi- fiable pride in what a retrospect of the years shows, and the editors of this work feel that this narrative is one of the most valuable it contains from a historical and educational standpoint.
NATHAN BEACH CRARY-At the age of eighty- one years, Nathan Beach Crary passed from earthly scenes, after a life of exceptional usefulness and honor. Beach Grove, his birthplace, was named,. owned and oc- cupied by his family prior to the American Revolution, and a portion of the original estate he owned until a short time before his death. At a very early age he assumed the management of the family farm lands, and also the adjoining lands at Beach Grove, leased from the Beach heirs (of whom he was one) and managed all,
though very young to assume such responsibility. This love of the soil never left him, but he ever retained a lively interest in matters agricultural and during his later ycars, although immersed in important business affairs, his farms, whether it was the one in Illinois or the two in Pennsylvania, were his pet hobbies.
Of Puritan stock and a descendant of illustrious an- cestors, like them, he was always fearless in his con- victions of right. He was of a most benevolent nature, ready to aid the suffering and needy and trying always to help others to help themselves. He was staunch in his friendships-in his business relations; what is so rare, they nearly always developed into fast friendships, fre- quently friendships of generations. One of these, a much younger man than Mr. Crary, in speaking of that quality and of the others possessed by him, said, "He was a prince among men-so good and so noble." He was most unostentatious and unassuming and it was said of him on another occasion, that he would have succeeded in any- thing he undertook, so sound was his judgment, so won- derful his powers of discernment. His aim in life was to live according to Micah 6:8, "He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good, and what doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with thy God."
He was a lineal descendant of Peter Crary, a Scotch- man who first settled in Boston, going thence in 1663 to New London, Connecticut, of which town he was one of the patentees.
The arms borne by the Crary family in Scotland :
Arms-Per saltire ermine and azure,. in chief and base a crescent gules, in the flaunches a mullet argent. Crest-A beehive sable with bees volant or. Motto-Industria.
The original spelling of the name was Crierie and M'Crierie. Peter and John, brothers, came to this coun- try together from their home near Glasgow, Scotland, John settling in Boston, Peter going to Connecticut. One dropped the M' from his name and the other brother re- tained it. Peter Crary settled in the town of Groton, New London County, and on December 31, 1677, married Christobel, daughter of Captain John (2) and Hannah (Lake) Gallup. (See Gallup forward). Peter Crary, the founder, died at Groton, in 1708. Children : 1. Chris- tobel, born February, 1678-79; married Ebenezer Harris. 2. Peter (2), baptized April 30, 1682. 3. Margaret, bap- tized August 20, 1682; married Ebenezer Pierce, of Gro- ton. 4. John, baptized August 8, 1686. 5. William, bap- tized November 6, 1687. 6. Robert, baptized May 11, 1690. 7. Hannah, or Ann, baptized July 17, 1692 ; married Nathan Bushnell, of Norwich.
Peter (2) Crary, baptized at Stonington, Connecticut, April 30, 1682, was living at Groton, Connecticut, June 25, 1751, when he deeded land to his son Nathan. He mar- ried, January 11, 1709-10, Ann Culver. Children: I. Peter (3), born January 6, 1710-11, at Groton. 2. Thomas, February 2, 1711-12. 3. Ann, November 29, 1713; married Daniel Woodward. 4. Lucy, born Decem- ber 29, 1715. 5. Nathan, of whom further. 6. Eunice, October 26, 1719. 7. Humphrey, September 7, 1721, died November 14, 1748; married Ann, surname unknown, who died May 3, 1739. 8. Temperance, born November 2, 1723, baptized October 26, 1729. 9. Desire, baptized October 26, 1729.
Nathan .Crary, son of Peter (2) and Ann (Culver) Crary, was born October 7, 1717, and died at Groton, Connecticut, March 24, 1798. He married (first), No- vember 2, 1742, Dorothy Wheeler (see Wheeler), who died May 5, 1787; he married ( second) Ruth Searles. Children by first marriage : 1. Thomas, of whom further. 2. Nathan (2), born March 6, 1746. 3. Anna, born March 7, 1749, married Jonathan Randall. 4. Isaac, born July 17, 1751. 5. Lucy, born in April, 1753, died August 4, 1754. 6. Eunice, born April 28, 1755, died January 18, 1764. 7. Prudence, born April 6, 1757; married Edward Packer. 8. Dorothy, born March 26, 1759; married Timothy Woodbridge. 9. Hannah, born November 1, 1761 ; married Abner Brownell. Children by second marriage : 10. Captain Jesse, born April 1, 1789, died July 25, 1849, a sea captain of Groton. 11. Sarah, born May 25, 1795; married Samuel Dayton.
Thomas Crary, son of Nathan Crary and his first wife, Dorothy ( Wheeler ) Crary, was born October 1, 1744. died November 3, 1834, and is buried in Schoharie Coun- ty, New York. He married, January 9, 1772, Mehitable Mason (see Mason). Children: 1. Thomas (2), born January 11, 1775; married Polly Holmes. 2. Mary, born March 25, 1777. 3. Mason, of further mention. 4. Eunice, born May 25, 1782. 5. Cynthia, born May 21, 1786; mar-
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ried Nathan Cheseborough. 6. Amos, born May 25, 1788. 7. Andrew, born July 7, 1790. 8. Ephraim, born February 3, 1793. 9. Jabez, born April 1, 1796.
Dr. Mason Crary, son of Thomas and Mehitable (Mason) Crary, was born November 15, 1779, at Ston- ington, Connecticut, died at Beach Grove, Salem, Penn- sylvania, September 20, 1855, and is there buried. He first studied for the Presbyterian ministry, but finally embraced the profession of medicine, and was one of the early physicians of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He first occupied the Perry house, which is still standing on the corner of South Main and Northampton streets, and resided there until July 1, 1814, then moved to the Judge Gibson house on Northampton Street, now occupied by Dr. G. T. Matlack. His practice was very large in town and country, requiring the aid of an assistant. At the time of the yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, Dr. Crary, with other physicians, volunteered his services and fought the dread disease until his services were no long- er required. He was exceptionally successful in the treat- ment of fever patients, performing some cures that were considered almost miraculous. He then returned to his Beach Grove farm, and was in full practice up to five years of his death, in 1855. He married, September 9, 1806, Desire Beach, daugliter of Nathan and Susan (Thomas) Beach, of Beach Grove. Susan (Thomas) Beach was of Philadelphia Quaker stock, thus introduc- ing a strain of Quaker ancestry into the otherwise un- broken New England ancestry of their son, Nathan Beach Crary. Nathan Beach was of the Beach family of Wallingford, Connecticut, his mother, Desire ( Her- rick) Beach, being the first white woman from Connecti- cut to cross the Blue Mountains into the Wyoming Valley. She was a descendant of John Herrick, of Salem, Massachusetts, the first of the name in America, son of Sir William and Lady Joan Herrick, of Beau Manor, Leicestershire, England. Beau Manor, the old English home, is yet occupied by Herrick descendants. Children of Dr. Mason and Desire ( Beach) Crary: 1. Erasmus Darwin, born at Berwick, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1807; married Susan Machette, of Philadelphia. 2. Ellen Hollenback, born at Beach Grove, May 30, 1800, died unmarried. 3. Beach Thomas, born January 18, 1812, died October, 1899; married Eliza St. Clair. 4 Mason (2), born May 28, 1814, died February 4, 1892; married Elspeth Grant. 5. Susan Beach, born in 1816, died Octo- ber 30, 1891, unmarried. 6. Ann Maria, born June 18, 1820, died May 20, 1821. 7. Caroline, born in 1822. 8. Stephen Beach, born September 6, 1824. 9. Hannah Baird, born in 1825. 10. Nathan Beach, to whose memory this sketch is dedicated.
(The Gallup Line).
John Gallup, the ancestor of most of the name in this country, came to America from the parish of Mosterne, County Dorset, England, in the year 1630. He was the son of John Gallup, who married Crabbe, and the grandson of Thomas and Agnes ( Watkins) Gallup, of North Bowood and Strode, whose descendants yet own and occupy the Manors of Strode. John Gallup married Christobel, whose last name does not appear ; he sailed, March 20, 1630, in the ship "Mary and John," arriving at Nantasket, May 30, following. He was a skillful mariner, and for some time resided in Boston, an island in the harbor yet bearing his name. He was al- ways known as Captain John Gallup. He won Colonial, and later, National, fame through his successful fight with the Indians off Block Island, called the first naval battle fought on the Atlantic Coast. Captain John and his wife, Christobel, both died in Boston, he in 1649, she on July 27, 1655. Their wills are among the earliest recorded.
Captain John (2) Gallup, son of Captain John and Christobel Gallup, was born in England, about 1615, and came to America with his mother, two brothers, and sis- ter, in the ship "Griffith," arriving in Boston, September 4. 1633. He moved from Boston to Taunton, Massachu- setts, in 1640, there remaining until 1651, when he moved to Connecticut. He first settled at New London, but in 1654 at what is now Stonington, on a grant of land given him by that town in 1653, in recognition of the distinguished services rendered by himself and his father in the Pequot War. When King Philip's war broke out, although he was sixty years of age, he volunteered his services and fell at the Great Swamp fight with the Narragansetts, December 19, 1676, one of the six cap- tains who that memorable day gave up their lives, winning a complete victory but at a fearful sacrifice of life on both sides. He represented the town at the General Court
in 1665 and 1667, and was also an Indian interpreter. He married, in 1643, Hannah Lake, born in England, who came to America with her mother, Mrs. Margaret Lake, in the ship "Abigail," October 6. 1635. Mrs. Margaret Lake was a sister of the wife of Governor Winthrop. Children of Captain John (2) and Hannah (Lake) Gal- lup : 1. Hannah, born at Boston, September 14, 1644. 2. John, born in 1646, died April 14, 1735; married Eliza- beth Harris, of Ipswich, Massachusetts. 3. Esther, born at New London, March 24, 1653. 4. Benadam, a soldier of the Colonial wars, born at Stonington, in 1655; mar- ried Esther Prentice. 5. William. 6. Samuel. 7. Christo- bel, married, December 31, 1677, Peter Crary, the Ameri- can ancestor of Nathan Beach Crary (see Crary). 8. Elizabeth, married Henry Stevens, of Stonington. 9. Mary, married John Cole, of Boston. 10. Margaret, mar- ried Joseph Culver, of Groton.
Hannah (Lake) Gallup, the mother of these children, was a daughter of John and Margaret ( Read) Lake, and granddaughter of Edward Read, Esq., of. Wickford, in Essex, England. Margaret (Read) Lake's sister, Eliza- beth Read, was the wife of John Winthrop, Jr., Gover- nor of Connecticut. Their mother, according to good evidence, is believed to have married a second husband, Hugh Peters.
The Gallun arms are as follows :
Arms-Gules, on a bend or a lion passant guardant sable.
Crest-A demi-lion barry or and sable, holding in his dexter paw a broken arrow gules.
Motto-Be bold, be wyse.
Nathan Beach Crary derived descent from other illus- trious men of Colonial days through Dorothy ( Wheeler) Crary, wife of Nathan Crary, of the third American generation, and through Mehitable (Mason) Crary, wife of Thomas Crary, of the fourth generation.
Dorothy Wheeler was the granddaughter of Isaac Wheeler and his wife, Martha ( Park) Wheeler, and daughter of William Wheeler, baptized December 18, 1681. William Wheeler married, May 30, 1710, Hannah Gallup, born at Stonington, May 22, 1683, and died in 1754, daughter of Benadam and Esther ( Prentice) Gal- lup. Children of William and Hannah (Gallup) Wheeler : 1. Hannah, born January 12, 1712; married Simeon Miner. 2. Isaac, born January 24, 1714. 3. Anna, born December 23, 1715. 4. Martha, born April 23, 1717. 5. Dorothy, born in March, 1721 ; married November 2, 1742, Nathan Crary (see Crary). 6. Esther, born Feb- ruary, 1723. 7. Eunice, born July 3, 1727.
Benadam Gallup, grandfather of Dorothy (Wheeler) Crary, was born at Stonington in 1655; he married Esther Prentice, born July 20, 1660, died May 18, 1751. He was a soldier of the Colonial wars, and a landowner of Stonington. His eldest child, Hannah, born May 22, 1683, died in 1754; married, May 30, 1710, William Wheeler, as above mentioned. His other children were: 1. Esther, born in. 1685. 2. Mercy, born in 1690. 3. Benadam, born in 1693. 4. Joseph, born in 1695. 5. Margaret, born in 1698. 6. Lucy, born in 1701.
(The Mason Line).
Mehitable ( Mason) Crary was a descendant of Cap- tain John Mason, conqueror of the Pequots, 1637, found- er of Norwich, Connecticut, deputy, 1637-42; assistant, 1642-59; deputy to Colonial Congress, 1654-55-57-1661; deputy governor of Connecticut, 1660-69; and major of Colonial forces, 1637. He was a signer of the Royal Charter granted by Charles II to the Connecticut colony. He was born in England about 1600, died January 30, 1672; married, in July, 1640, Anne Peck, daughter of Rev. Robert Peck, of Hingham, England.
Their son, Daniel Mason, born at Saybrook, Con- necticut, in April, 1652, died January 28, 1737; married in July, 1579, Rebecca, daughter of Rev. Peter Hobart, M. A., Cambridge University, 1629, afterwards of Hing- ham, Massachusetts, he being one of the founders of Hingham, and Congregational minister there for forty- three years.
Their son, Nehemiah Mason, born at Stonington, No- vember 24. 1693, died May 13, 1768; married, January 9. 1728, Zerviah Stanton, of Stonington, daughter of Joseph Stanton, born in January, 1668; married, July 18, 1696, Margaret Chesebrough, a daughter of Nathaniel Chesebrough and his wife, Hannah ( Denison) Chese- brough, the latter a daughter of Captain George Deni- son. We learn from the records of Massachusetts and Conncetient that Captain George Denison, of Cromwell's army, was not only distinguished as a civilian, but became the most distinguished soldier of Connecticut in her
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early settlement, except Major John Mason. Zerviah (Stanton) Mason was a granddaughter of Captain John Stanton and his wife, Hannah (Thompson) Stanton, a daughter of the Rev. William Thompson. Captain John Stanton was a son of Thomas Stanton, born in England, whose mother, Katherine Washington, was a lineal de- scendant of Sir Lawrence Washington, of Sulgrave Manor, England, the ancestor of George Washington. Thomas Stanton first located in Virginia, later settling in Connecticut, where he founded the town of Stoning- ton. He married, in 1637, Anna, daughter of Dr. Thomas and Dorothy Lord. Dr. Thomas Lord, born in England, in 1585, came to America with his wife, Dorothy (whom he married in 1610), in the ship "Elizabeth and Ann," arriving April 28, 1635. Dr. Lord was given the first medical license issued in New England colonies at Hartford, Connecticut, June 30, 1652. His wife died in 1676, aged eighty-seven years. She sealed her will with the arms of the Lord family: "Argent, on a fess gules between three cinquefoils azure a hind passant between two pheons or."
From such illustrious ancestors came Nathan Beach Crary, born at Beach Grove, Pennsylvania, August 15, 1830, died at Shickshinny, Pennsylvania, February 24, 1911. Beach Grove was a part of the estate of Nathan Beach, grandfather of Mr. Crary, who was one of the pioneers of the Wyoming Valley and a soldier of the Revolution, enlisting when but fifteen years of age. A full account of his career is given in Charles Miner's "History of the Wyoming Valley," wherein Mr. Miner states that Mr. Beach's account of the surrender of Corn- wallis is more graphic than any historian. Mr. Beach and Mr. Miner were colleagues in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives which met at Lancaster in the year 1807. It was during the Revolution that General Wash- ington advised the youthful Nathan Beach to acquire all the lands possible in the Wyoming Valley, that some day they would be valuable. This advice was followed by Nathan Beach, who later became one of the largest land owners of Luzerne County. He was one of the number who witnessed the burning of the first anthracite coal in the Jesse Fell hickory grate at the tavern on Northamp- ton Street, Wilkes-Barre, in 1808, which burning meant so much to the early owners of the Wyoming Valley, and on which event the Wyoming Historical Society was or- ganized to commemorate. Nathan Beach was for many years with Tench Coxe, they owning and opening coal lands in the Hazleton and Beaver Meadow District. At this period of coal development, the coal was loaded in wagons and hauled by oxen to arks and shipped by canal to the cities. A number of years prior to Mr. Beach's death he sold his interests in the partnership to Mr. Coxe. Mr. Ario Pardee was employed by Mr. Beach as engineer to survey and locate his lands in that region. In 1838-41, Mr. Beach sold to Mr. Newbold, of Philadelphia, the tract of coal land formed into the Sugar Loaf Coal Company, which afterward became known as the Dia- mond Coal Company. Mr. Beach owned and opened the Mocanaqua and Shickshinny coal lands, selling the former to Carey and Hart, of Philadelphia, and retaining the Shickshinny mines, which his grandson, Nathan Beach Crary, after completing his years of school work, etc., leased from the other heirs and successfully mined, he- coming a prominent merchant and coal operator of his section. A point of interest in connection with the Shick- shinny mines, operated by Mr. Crary, is that Mr. Crary's brother, Dr. Darwin Crary, in 1844, is said to have in- vented the first inclined plane for the purpose of shoot- ing coal from the mountain to the valley, making ship- ment much easier than the plan in use. These mines Mr. Crary finally sold to the Salem Coal Company.
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