USA > Pennsylvania > Colonial records of Pennsylvania, Vol. VI > Part 50
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" MICHAEL HOUBER.
" Sworn the Day and Year first above written before "ROBT. H. MORRIS.
" The Examination of Jacob Hovre, a Waggoner, belonging to the Army under the immediate Command of General Braddock, taken upon Oath before the Honourable Robert Hunter Morris, Esgr., Governour of the Province of Pennsylvania, at Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland, the 17th July, 1755.
" This Examinant saith that he was in Col. Dunbar's Camp the tenth of July, Instant, and was inform'd that Two Officers who had come from Fort Cumberland, and had proceeded early in the Morn- ing with a Party of Indians to join General Braddock, returned to the Camp in about three Hours after they set out, and a Rumour spread that there was bad News, and that the Officers could not pass to the General by Reason of the Indians. That about nine or ten o'clock the same Day this Examinant saw and spoke with several Waggoners who were come into Col. Dunbar's Camp from General Braddock's, and who inform'd this Examinant that Gen1. Braddock with his advanc'd Party of fifteen Hundred Men had been attacked on the Ninth Instant within five Miles of Fort Du Quesne by a great many French and Indians, who surrounded them; That the Action lasted three Hours; That the most part of the English were killed ; That General Braddock was wounded and put into a Wag- gon and afterwards killed by the Indians; That ST. Peter Hacket
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MINUTES OF THE
and Cap'n. Orme were also killed. And this Examinant further saith that he saw some Soldiers return into Colon1. Dunbar's Camp, whom he was inform'd had been of General Braddock's advanced Party, some of whom were wounded, some not ; also saw Two Officers carried on Sheets, One of whom was said to be Sir John St. Clair, whom the Examinant was inform'd had receiv'd Two Wounds; That. about Noon of the same Day Col. Dunbar's Drums beat to Arms, and both before and after that many Soldiers and Waggoners, with other Attendants upon the Camp, took to flight, and amongst others this Examinant; And further saith not.
" JACOB HUBER.
"Sworn the day and Year first above written before " ROBT. H. MORRIS."
And a Letter from Colon1. Burd of the 17th July, dated from the "Top of the Allegany Mountains," in these Words :
" From our Camp at the Top of the Allegany Mountains, measured 65 Miles from A. Thompsons, 17th July, 1755.
" Honorable Sir :
"I have the Honour of Yours of the 5th Currt and for Answer. When we went out to view this Road we went abt. 15 Miles a head of the Camp where we now lay, tho' we intended at that Time to go as far as the three Forks of Youghyougain or the Turky Foot, Yet we were obliged to return an Account of the certain Intelligence I receiv'd from Cap", Rutherford from Fort Cumberland of a Party of Thirty French, into whose Hands we must have undoubtedly fallen had we attempted to proceed, as said Party was laying between Us and the Forks. Mr. Croghan assured us there was no manner of doubt of a fine Road from the Place where we left off to the Turky Foot.
" I receiv'd a Letter from Mr. Peters, dated 27th May, wherein he lets me know he had consulted with the General, and ordered me to proceed imediately with the utmost Expedition to the Turky Foot, which Orders I have followed punctually to the utmost of my Power, Notwitstanding I must beg leave to assure Your Honour I have met with many Rubs to retard the Execution of my Orders, Yet I am determined to continue in my Duty.
" With regard to what Intelligence Your Honour and the General wants of me, I intend to take the following Method to give your Honour & the Gen" the Satisfaction expected, viz : as soon as I get clear over this Mountain and come upon the Waters of the Ohio I will send off a Lieut. and a sufficient Party to go right up to the General, and by Letter inform his Excellency what I have done & intend to do, and where I suspect I shall intersect his Road, with any other Occurrencies, and receive his Approbation or further Com-
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PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
mands. At present I can't form any Judgement where I shall cut the General's Road, further than I know our Course leads us to the Turkey Foot, By the Information of Mr. Croghan when we run the Road first. Mr. Croghan assured me he wou'd be on the Road with me in order to pilott from the Place where we left off blaizeing. Instead of that he has never been here, nor is there one Man in my Company that ever was out this Way to the Turky Foot, But the Party I send will discover the Place where we shall cut the Road and inform the General, and upon their Return I will order 'em to blaize back to me.
"I can send no Letters to your Honour nor the Gen1. without a strong Party, and the want of Arms and Amunition disables me from doing any thing of the Kind, And indeed I have not Arms for a Party to hunt up our Waggon Horses; had I had Arms I wou'd have scower'd all the Woods behind Us, and in all proba- bility been able to have given some Account of these Indians that are attempting to cut off our Communication and stop our Provi- sions. Before this Relief came to Us we have lived 6 Days upon Bread and Water.
"I must beg of Your Honour to send us up Arms & Amunition if possible, And conclude with great Esteem,
" Your Honour's most obedient humble Servant,
"JAMES BURD.
" To the Honble. Gov". MORRIS."
The Reading of the above Papers, together with a Letter from the Proprietor and the Proprietary instructions, took up so much time that the Gov" cou'd not draw up his Message to the Assembly, which he intended to have done and sent it with the Papers to- Night.
The Governor inform'd the Council that he had issued several Commissions appointing Militia Officers whilst he was at Carlisle, And was in hopes several Companies wou'd be rais'd.
-
At a Council held at Philadelphia on Thursday the 24th July, 1755.
PRESENT :
The Honourable ROBERT HUNTER MORRIS, Esquire, Lieu- tenant Governor.
John Penn,
Robert Strettell, Lynford Lardner, & Esquires.
Joseph Turner,
Richard Peters,
The Governor receiv'd a Message from the House to acquaint him " that the House was met pursuant to his Writs, and ready to
486
MINUTES OF THE
receive any thing he might have to lay before them, and desired a Copy of one of the Writs." And in Answer His Honour told them "they shou'd hear from him in the morning."
The Governor having prepared what he thought proper to say to the Assembly, It was the opinion of the Council that it shou'd be deliver'd in a Speech and not by Message, whereupon the Secretary was sent to the House to require their immediate Attendance in the Council Chamber, and the Speaker with the whole House at- tending His Honour spoke as follows :
The Governor's Speech.
" Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen of the Assembly :
" It is with the greatest Concern I now lay before you the mel- ancholy Account of the Defeat of the Forces under the immediate Command of General Braddock, which you will find is attended with very shocking Circumstances, the General killed and most of the Officers that were in the Action are either killed or wounded, the Bulk of the Men cut off, His whole Train of Artillery taken, and Colonel Dunbar is now retreating with the Remains of the Army to Fort Cumberland.
This unfortunate and unexpected change in our Affairs will deeply affect every one of his Majesty's Colonies, but none of 'em in so sensible a Manner as this Province, which having no Militia is thereby left exposed to the cruel Incursions of the French and their barbarous Indians who delight in shedding human blood, and who make no distinction as to Age or Sex, As to those that armed against them, or such as they can surprize in their peacefull Habi- tations, All are alike the Objects of their Cruelty, Slaughtering the tender Infant and frighted Mother with equal Joy and Fierceness. To such Enemies, spurred on by the native Cruelty of their Tem- pers, encouraged by their late success, and having now no Army to fear, are the Inhabitants of this Province exposed, and by such must we now expect to be overrun if we do not immediately pre- pare for our own Defence, nor ought we to content ourselves with this, but resolve to drive and confine the French to their own just Limits.
" This, gentlemen, however gloomy the present Appearance of things may be, is certainly in the Power of the British Colonies to do, and this is not only their truest and most lasting Interest but their highest Duty. The Eastern Governments have already gone a great way towards removing that faithless but active People from their Borders ; let us follow the noble example they have set us, show ourselves worthy of the Name of Englishmen, and by a vigor- ous Exertion of our Strength dislodge the Enemy from our Fron- tiers, and secure the Future Peace and Safety of the Province, For we may assure ourselves that while they possess the Countries they have unjustly seized we never shall truly enjoy either.
487
PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
" Allow me, therefore, Gentlemen to recommend to your most serious Consideration the present State and Condition of your Country-the Danger to which the Lives and Properties of all those you have undertaken to represent stand exposed at this critical and melancholly Conjuncture, and to desire that you wou'd not by an ill-timed Parsimony by reviving any Matters that have been in Dis- pute, or from any other Motive, suffer the People to remain any longer undefended, or the Blood of the Innocent to be shed by the cruel Hands of Savages. There are Men enough in this Province to protect it against any Force the French can bring, and Numbers of them are willing and desirous to defend their Country upon the present Occasion, but they have neither Arms, Ammunition, nor Discipline, without which it will be impossible to repel an active Enemy whose Trade is War. I therefore hope that you will with- out delay grant such Supplies as may enable me not only to secure the People of this Province, but by reinforcing and assisting the King's Troops enable them to remove the French from their present Encroachments. If something very effectual be not done at this Time for the Safety and Security of the Province, the Enemy who know how to make the best use of a Victory will strengthen them- selves in such a Manner that it will be next to impossible for us to remove them.
" Upon the earliest Intelligence of the Defeat of our Forces, knowing the immediate danger to which we were exposed, I sum- moned you together that you might have a timely Opportunity of exerting yourselves in the Service of your Country, and of setting a proper Example to the Neighboring Colonies, who will doubtless if we do our Duty employ their utmost Strength upon the present Occasion, and heartily join in any Measures that may be concerted for our Common Safety.
" ROBT. H. MORRIS.
" PHILADELPHIA, July 24th, 1755."
The House desiring a Copy of the Governor's Speech, it was sent to the House by the Secretary and the Papers referred to in it.
Just as the Governor was going to deliver his Speech an Express brought him the following Letter from Capt. Orme, General Brad- dock's Aid-de-Camp, which was likewise deliver'd to the House :
A Letter from Captain Robt. Orme to Governor Morris.
" FORT CUMBERLAND, July 18th, 1755. 64 Dear Sir :
"I am so extremely ill in Bed with the Wound I have receiv'd in my Thigh that I am under the Necessity of employing my Friend Capt. Dobson to write for me.
" I conclude you have had some Account of the Action near the
488
MINUTES OF THE
Banks of the Monongahela, about Seven Miles from the French Fort ; as the Reports spread are very imperfect what you have heard must consequently be so too. You shou'd have had more early Ac- counts of it, but every officer whose Business it was to have inform'd You was either killed or wounded, And our distressful Situation put it out of our Power to attend to it so much as we wou'd other- wise have done.
" The 9th Instant we passed and repassed the Monongahela by advancing first a Party of 300 Men, which was immediately followed by another of 200. The General with the Column of Artillery, Baggage, and the Main Body of the Army, passed the River the last Time about One O'Clock. As soon as the whole had got on the Fort side of the Monongahela we heard a very heavy & quick fire in our Front; we immediately advanced in order to sustain them, but the Detachment of the 200 and 300 Men gave way and fell back upon us, which caused such Confusion and struck so great a Panick among our Men that afterwards no Military Expedient cou'd be made use of that had any effect upon 'em. The Men were so ex- tremely deaf to the Exhortations of the General & the Officers that they fired away in the most irregular Manner all their Ammunition, and then run off, leaving to the Enemy the Artillery, Ammunition, Provision, and Baggage, nor cou'd they be persuaded to Stop till they got as far as Guest's Plantation, nor there only in part, many of them proceeding as far as Coll. Dunbar's Party, who lay six Miles on this Side.
" The Officers were absolutely sacrificed by their unparallelled good Behaviour, advancing sometimes in Bodies and sometimes Seperately, hoping by such Example to engage the Soldiers to follow them, but to no Purpose.
" The General had five Horses killed under him, and at last re- ceived a Wound through his right Arm into his Lungs, of which he died the 13th Instant. Poor Shirley was shot thro' the Head; Captain Morris wounded; Mr. Washington had two Horses shot under him and his Cloaths shot thro' in several Places, behaving the whole Time with the greatest Courage and Resolution. Sir Peter Halkett was killed upon the Spot, Colon1. Burton and Sir John St. Clair wounded, And inclosed I have sent you a List of killed and wounded, according to as Exact an Account as we are yet able to get.
"Upon our proceeding with the whole Convoy to the little Meadows it was found impracticable to advance in that manner ; the General, therefore, advanced with Twelve Hundred Men, with the necessary Artillery, Ammunition, and Provision, leaving the main Body of the Convoy under the Command of Colon1. Dunbar with Orders to join him as soon as possible. In this Manner we proceeded wth. Safety and Expedition till the fatal Day I have just related, and happy it was that this Disposition was made, otherwise the whole must either
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PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
have Starved or fallen into the Hands of the Enemy, as Numbers wou'd have been of no Service to us and our Provision was all lost.
"As our Number of Horses were so much reduced and those ex- tremely weak, and many Carriages being wanted for the wounded Men, occasioned our destroying the Ammunition and superfluous part of the Provision left in Colon !. Dunbar's Convoy to prevent its falling into the Hands of the Enemy.
" As the whole of the Artillery is lost, and the Troops are so extremely weakened by Deaths, Wounds, and Sickness, it was judged impossible to make any further Attempts, therefore Colon1. Dun- bar is returning to Fort Cumberland with every thing he is able to bring up with him.
"I propose remaining here till my Wound will suffer me to re- move to Philadelphia, from thence shall proceed to England. What- ever Commands you may have for me you will do me the Honour to direct me here.
" By the particular Disposition of the French and Indians it was impossible to judge of the Numbers they had that Day in the field.
" As Colon1. Burton, Cap. Morris, and myself propose coming to Philada, as soon as we are able, we shou'd take it as a particular favour if you wou'd hire us a House or convenient Lodgings, and any other Necessaries that you may judge requisite for People in our Situation. Our compliments. to Mr. Peters.
"I am, Dear Sir, Your most obedient and most humble Servant,
" ROBT. ORME.
" To the Honourable ROBERT H. MORRIS, Esqr."
A List of the Officers who were present and of those killed and wounded in the Action on the Banks of the Monongahela the 9th Duy of July, 1755.
Staff.
His Excellency Edward Braddock, Esq., General & Commander-in- Chief of all His Majesty's Forces in North America Died of his Wounds.
Robert Orme, Esqr.,
Roger Morris, Esq., Aid de Camps. - - Wounded.
- Wounded.
George Washington, Esqr.,
William Shirley, Esquire, Secretary -
Killed.
St. John St. Clair, Deputy Quarter-Master General Wounded. Matthew Lessley, Gent., assistant to the Quarter-Mas-
- - Wounded. ter Gen1.
Francis Halket, Esqr., Major of the Brigade.
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MINUTES OF THE
44th Regiment.
Sir Peter Halket, Colonel
-
-
-
Lieut. Colonel Gage
-
-
-
-
Capt. Tatton -
-
-
-
Capt. Hobson.
Capt. Beckwork.
Capt. Gethins -
-
-
-
-
-
Lieutent. Falconer.
Lieut. Litteler
- Wounded.
Lieut. Bayley.
Lieut. Dunbar -
- Wounded.
Lieut. Pottenger.
Lieut. Halket -
Killed.
Lieut. Freeby -
-
-
-
-
-
· Wounded. Killed.
Lieutent. Simpson
-
-
-
- Wounded.
Lieut. Lock -
-
-
-
-
- Wounded.
Disney -
-
· Wounded.
Kennedy
- Wounded.
Townsend
-
-
-
-
1
-
Preston.
Nartlow -
Killed.
Pennington
-
-
-
- Wounded.
48th Regiment.
Lieut. Colonel Burten
-
-
-
-
- Wounded. -
Major Sparks -
Slightly Wounded.
Capt. Dobson.
Capt. Cholmondely -
-
-
-
-
Killed.
Capt. Boyer -
- Wounded.
Capt. Ross
- Wounded.
Capt. Lieut. Morris.
- Wounded.
Watsham
· Wounded.
Crimble -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Killed.
Hansard -
Killed.
Gladwin -
- Wounded.
Hathorn.
Edmeston
- Wounded.
Cope.
Brereton
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Killed.
Hart
-
-
-
- Killed.
Montreseur
-
- Wounded.
Dunbar.
Harrison. Cowhart.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Barbut -
-
-
-
-
-
- Killed.
Wideman
-
-
-
- Killed.
1
.
-
Killed. Slightly Wounded. -
Killed.
Killed.
Lieut. Allen -
PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
491
MacMullen
-
-
-
-
- Wounded. -
Crow -
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - Wounded.
Sterling - -
- Wounded.
Artillery.
Capt. Orde.
Capt. Lt. Smith
-
-
-
-
-
Killed.
Lieut. Buckhannon -
-
-
-
-
-
- Wounded.
Lieut. McCloud -
-
-
.
- - Wounded.
Lieut. McKuller - -
- Wounded.
Engineers.
Peter McKeller, Esqur. -
-
-
- Wounded.
Robert Gordon, Esquire -
-
-
-
- - Wounded.
Williamson, Esquire -
-
Detachment of Sailors.
Lieut. Spendelow
Killed.
Mr. Haynes, Midshipman.
Mr. Talbot, Midshipman - - -
- Killed.
Capt. Stone of General Lascell's Regim'. -
Killed. Capt. Floyer of Genl. Warburton's Regim'. - Wounded.
Independent Companys of N. York.
Capt. Gates
- Wounded. -
Lieut. Tumain
- . - Killed.
Lieut. Miller.
Lieut. Howarth of Capt. Demeries Independ'. Compy. Wounded.
Lieut. Gray of the same Company . - Wounded.
Virginia Troops.
Captain Stephens
1 Wounded.
Capt. Waggoner.
Capt. Poulston
-
-
-
Capt. Peronie -
-
-
-
- Killed.
Capt. Stewart.
Hamilton
- Killed.
Woodward.
Killed.
Splitdorff
-
-
-
-
Killed.
Stuart -
- Wounded.
Waggoner McNeale.
.
-
-
-
Killed.
-
Wright
-
.
-
-
-
" According to the most exact Return we can as yet get, about 600 Men Killed and wounded."
- -
-
- Wounded.
-
-
-
Killed.
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MINUTES OF THE
It was thought proper that the Governor shou'd immediately be made acquainted with the Quantity of Powder that is in Town, And Mr. Turner with Mr. Lardner were appointed a Committee to ex- amine the Powder House and make Report of the exact Quantity in it.
At a Council held at Philadelphia on Friday the 25th July, 1755. PRESENT :
The Honourable ROBERT HUNTER MORRIS, Esquire, Lieu- tenant Governor. John Penn, Joseph Turner, Richard Peters,
James Hamilton, 6 Esquires.
Lynford Lardner, 1
Advice came to Town that Colonel Dunbar was retreating towards Wills' Creek.
The Council took into Consideration the present melancholy Situation of Affairs on the Defeat of the General and the Retreat of Colonel Dunbar, and the Consequences that might attend this Loss of the Army by intimidating our Back Inhabitants, and spir- itting up the French and their Indians to make Incursions to destroy their Settlements and murder their Persons; and what Means cou'd be used to obtain an immediate Supply.
The Governor proposed to the Council to raise a Sum of Money by Subscription for the King's Service, And desired Mr. Allen might be consulted upon this Occasion; And at the Governor's Request he came into Council, and the Matter was a long while under Consideration, But so many Difficulties and Objections were made to This Proposal of a Subscription that it was dropt; and on its being in the Course of the Consultation mentioned that an Offer of Lands would, at this Time, encourage the People to take Arms much more than any Sum that private People wou'd be disposed to subscribe, This was also considered.
The Proprietarys having after the Defeat of Colon1. Washington last Year wrote several Letters to the Governor and Secretary with Respect to an Offer of the Lands West of the Allegheny Hills in Case an Expedition shou'd be set on foot for the Recovery of the Ohio Lands, these Letters were read; And it was the unanimous Opinion of the Governor & Council that in Vertue of these Letters some Encouragements shou'd be instantly offered on the part of the Proprietaries to promote the raising of Men for the Protection of the Frontiers and Assistance of the King's Forces; And as soon as this Matter shou'd be well digested that the Governor shou'd reduce the Offer to a Certainty and lay it before the Assembly.
The following Letter of the 20th Instant from Mr. Swaine at
493
PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
Shippensburgh, with the enclosed Information of the Road Cutters, was read in these Words :
" A Letter to the Governor from Mr. Charles Suaine. "SHIPPENSBURG, 20th July, 1755.
"May it please your Honour :
. " I have first to inform you that two Indians came here, One named Cherigea and the other called the Song, to see if they cou'd have any Assistance and Provisions, is their Message. They have left behind Five Wyondotts and two others of the 5 Nations, who did not chuse to come along with these, who were to return to them in Two Days to the Place where they left them, Fourteen or Fifteen Miles beyond the Hills in Tuscarora Path. I have given them Entertainment, also a Pass, and forwaded 'em to Conrad Weiser. I send enclosed an Affidivit from three Persons come from the Road ; a Defeat, I believe, is beyond all doubt. Mr. Burd is gone to Fort Cumberland.
" I suppose the People will now come fast into these parts, and shall use all possible Expedition in forwarding a Fort. I have pitch'd on a Piece of Ground of Mr. Shippen's, and the Timber about here is all his, therefore shou'd be glad he was wrote to about it, if your Honour thought proper, that there may be no after Claps on his Part.
"I am, Sir, Your most obedt. and faithfull Servant, " CHARLES SWAINE.
" To the Honble. ROBERT H. MORRIS, Esqr."
Information of the Road Cutters on their return to Shippensburg.
" John Huston, Thomas Dillon, & William Fuz, all of Carlisle Town in the county of Cumberland, on their Oath severally and respectively say they have been for eleven Weeks past working on the New Road; That on Tuesday Night the Fifteenth Instant a Post came from Fort Cumberland to them then working on Alle- gheny Mountain, and brought a Letter to Captain Hogg from a Captain in the English Camp, upon which the Waggoners were ordered to gear their Horses and the Men to keep Guard round the Waggons all Night; the next Morning every Man set off, the Soldiers marched with to Pendigrass Place, & then went off to Fort Cumberland. These Deponents were severally informed that the English Army was defeated by the French ; That the French were entrenched and the Indians in Ambush behind the Trees ; That the French were stark naked & painted after the Indian Man- ner; That they beat off the French three Times ; That the French took the Artillery and the English re-took it, but the Waggoners
494
MINUTES OF THE
being gone with the Horses cou'd not bring it off; That the Eng- lish Retreated. These Deponents were further informed that Sir Peter Halket & his Son were slain, Captain Poulson & his Lieutent-, General Braddock wounded, and Sr- John St. Clair wounded, and further say not.
"JOHN HOUSTON, his "THOMAS M DILLON, mark. his "WILLIAMA FUSS. mark.
" Shippensburgh, July 20, 1755. Sworn before me, "CHARLES SWAINE, Commissary."
It was thought as these Indians came from the Ohio they might give very useful Intelligence and be likewise employed in gaining over the Indians from the French Interest, and therefore the Gov- ernor was advised to send the Letter to the Assembly with a Request that Conrad Weiser might be ordered to attend them when they shou'd come to Town, which was done by the following Message :
A Message from the Governor to the Assembly, addressed by the Secretary to the Speaker.
" Sir :
" The Governor orders me to acquaint the House that the Indian Jagrea, who went from this City in December last to the Owendotts, is on his Return here in Company with four Deputies of that Nation, And That as well for this as other Reasons which arise from the present Exegence of Affairs he thinks it necessary Mr. Weiser shou'd be immediately sent for by Express."
The Governor laid before the Council the following Letter from Mr. Weiser, and afterwards sent it to the House :
A Letter to his Honour from Mr. Conrad Weiser about the Indian Women from Aughwick.
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