District No. 15 of Allegheny County Pennsylvania in the Great War : a history of activities at home and abroad from the declaration of war in 1917 to the home-comings in 1919, Part 10

Author: Historical Society of District No. 15 of Allegheny County
Publication date: 1923
Publisher: Tarentum : Historical Society of District No. 15 of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Number of Pages: 278


USA > Pennsylvania > Allegheny County > District No. 15 of Allegheny County Pennsylvania in the Great War : a history of activities at home and abroad from the declaration of war in 1917 to the home-comings in 1919 > Part 10


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16. Brooks Kuhn


17. Charles Strzesieski


18. Michael Brooks


9. Edward Feller 10. Adolph Koscinski


19. Julius Ziemkiewicz 20. Leon Nowicki 21. James Borland 22. Edwin F. Ludwig


11. Russell J. Esler


12. D. P. Kennedy


23. Edward D. Wolfe 24. George D. Cooke 25. Gail Elton Barr 26. Michael Baczynski


PLATES X-A AND X-B


8


6


3


17


20


53


CHESWICK BRANCH


showed an addition of 622 members and netted $643, a really excellent result taking into considera- tion the population of the district.


At this time Christmas boxes were sent overseas and to the local camps for all the boys from the community. Mrs. Glenn Woodhouse had charge of this work.


It seems superfluous to say that these pleasant tasks of providing remembrances for local boys were wonderfully potent influences in sustaining the interest and exciting the generosity of the people.


During the influenza epidemic the Cheswick Branch provided organized assistance for the afflicted in the community and was able in a number of cases to assist materially in relieving the sick.


In connection with the war supplies work it may be noted that each boy from the territory covered by the Branch was provided with a sweater, helmet, two pairs home-knit socks, one pair wristlets, a comfort kit and a Testament.


During the period of activity Cheswick Branch made up and turned out the following articles:


Towels ..


227


Girls' dresses 25


Cases.


58 Sheets.


II4


Hospital Bed Shirts.


I35


Pajama Suits. 20


Underdrawers.


75


Undershirts


70


Chemise ..


25


Convalescent Robes.


20


Girls' Pinafores


20 Petticoats for Girls. 75


Operating Gowns


75


House Gowns. 25


Of this list some forty of the articles were made at Harmarville by the circle of the Branch which met there.


Among other important contributions were five ambulance robes made under the direction of Mrs. Lulu Armstrong by women, who, unable to attend the Red Cross sewings, nevertheless de- sired to be engaged in the work at their own homes. These robes were made of woolen material from squares 9x9 inches in dimensions, which in turn were quilted together. The finished robe was 45x63 inches with a large red cross in the center. The amount of work involved is thus fairly well indicated to those who have been accustomed to "counting their stitches."


Among other articles made by the Red Cross were: 58 sweaters, 3 helmets, 139 pairs socks, and 52 wristlets.


While the active work of the Cheswick Branch ceased shortly after the coming of the armis- tice, the impetus to associated community effort along benevolent lines has been lasting, and now that the war is over and the perspective becomes clearer, it may well be that not the least of the good works of the Cheswick Branch and other branches of the Red Cross may appear in more effective unity in the various communities for altruistic service.


CHAPTER V


MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES


A nation at war is a nation whose civic activities are all aroused and directly or indirectly focussed upon those things that have to do with war. To the citizens of any community the Local Board with its Medical Examining Board, its Legal Advisory Board, its Board of Instruc- tion, appointed by the government heads and responsible to the military authority, devoted to raising and marshalling an army, represent the government. They are of the people yet an agency apart from the people, owing their allegiance to the people through the people's government. Even the Red Cross Society is directly associated with active war agencies and preparations, and while the local branches are composed of friends and neighbors, the affairs of production of the Red Cross Society speedily concentrate in the funnel of the military organization before they spread and diffuse themselves in the affairs of distribution.


But there are other activities of the people which, however much they may have to do with the support of the nation at war, are yet distinctly civilian activities. They are in some instances incidental, though none the less important. Again, they may contribute more or less directly to the success of military operations, yet the military influence and spirit are entirely lacking. To a large extent these civilian activities are the barometer of patriotism. They indicate almost un- failingly to what extent the heart of any community is in the struggle. It is with such that this chapter is concerned.


Perhaps there was no greater manifestation of the loyalty and patriotism of the people of the United States at large than the manner in which the individual citizens came to the support of the Federal Government in providing the sinews of war through the funding of the Liberty Loans. District No. 15, Allegheny County, has a proud record to hand down to posterity. And so, too, with the United War Work Campaigns, the Mothers of Democracy and others of nation-wide extent and organization. So, too, with such distinctly local activities as those of the Tarentum Book Club, the Federation of Adult Bible Classes, the local company of Knights of Columbus, and the Valley Newspapers. No story of the war time activities of the District would be complete without some mention however brief of these. The records are not as full as they might have been had the recorders been imbued with the spirit of self exaltation, but they indicate at least in outline some of the ramifications of service of citizen organizations.


The Polish Falcons played a rather different part. This is a branch of an organization that was founded in 1864 in Austria-Poland and first appeared in America in 1894 and the Fifteenth District organized a Nest at Natrona, Pa., in 1910. There were 290 members who in the course of some years built a Polish Falcon hall which cost about $30,000 and devoted their attentions to Americanizing the Polish immigrants in the District; their aim being to teach them American views and assist them to obtain American citizenship. Before our country first declared war against Germany, the Falcons had been joining the forces of the other countries as volunteers. After the declaration of war of our nation the members of the organization began rapidly to volunteer their service to the American Army; not only this, but they also helped financially, buying thousands of dollars worth of Liberty Bonds.


54


55


LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS


From Nest No. 290, 143 joined the American Army, 5 were killed in France, and 17 were wounded. Only some of these Polish Boys are known in the history here recorded. When the Draft Board was engaged in its selection work it was found that a very large percentage of the Polish names were those of men who had already volunteered, and because of this it was necessary at one time for the Board to explain to National Headquarters the reason why it had fewer first class men ready for service than might have been expected in the District.


The Ladies' Auxiliary to the local Falcons rendered assistance similar to that rendered by the Red Cross Organization.


So far as could be obtained the list of the Polish Falcons engaged in the war has been included in the appendix.


LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS


The 15th District feels a justifiable pride in its accomplishments in the matter of raising funds to aid in carrying on the war through the several Liberty Loan Drives.


The campaigns for these different loans were conducted as follows:


First Liberty Loan. By Banks


Second Liberty Loan. By Banks and Industries


Third Liberty Loan. By Banks and Industries


Fourth Liberty Loan . By Women's Committees and Industrial Teams


Fifth Liberty Loan. . By Women's Committees and Industrial Teams


The banks to a large degree had direct supervision of all the Liberty Loans and the policy of this organization was determined largely by the local Bankers' Association. Mr. O. C. Camp as chairman of this organization may therefore be said to have been director of the Liberty Loan Drives. In the Fourth and Fifth Liberty Loan Campaigns, however, individual solicitations were made by committees as indicated. The women worked under the direction of Mrs. Clarence Renshaw, County Chairman, and the Industrial Team was known as No. 20 for Allegheny County.


Through all the campaigns the tremendous amount of advertising done by the Government was augmented by local organization of Four-minute Speakers. These men appeared in churches, theaters, and at the various factories during the noon hour or at some other convenient time or wherever and whenever occasion offered and explained the nature of the campaign. The success of the First, Second, and Third Campaigns was due almost entirely to the efforts of this organiza- tion, as it was practically the only committee or group of individuals who came in contact personally with the purchasers. During the campaign for the Third Loan additional committees were or- ganized and assisted in their particular districts, but it was only during the subsequent campaigns that organizations became effective.


For the Fourth and Fifth Liberty Loans the Women's Organization was utilized. This or- ganization had already almost reached a state of perfection, due to the tremendous work required of it by the Red Cross and other activities and it was through it that the Liberty Loan Campaigns were largely carried on and an amount of money raised in excess of anything ever previously at- tempted.


56


MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES


LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEES AND LEADERS


TARENTUM


FOURTH AND FIFTH LOANS


Mrs. C. H. Cooke.


Chairman


Miss Lillian Mahaffey


. Secretary


Mrs. J. W. Loynd.


Assistant


Miss Christine Zimmerman.


Stenographer


Captains-Fourth Loan


Captains-Fifth Loan


Mrs. Vere Browne


.


Mrs. Thomas H. Gough


Mrs. Frank Bert.


Mrs. Frank Bert


Miss Lola Travis


Miss Lola Travis


Mrs. O. C. Camp


Mrs. Bessie McFarland


Miss Edna Nicholas


Miss Edna Nicholas


BRACKENRIDGE


FOURTH LOAN


Mrs. A. H. Cunningham.


Chairman


Mrs. Frank Treese.


Vice Chairman


Mrs. Fred Freese.


Publicity Chairman


Mrs. Edgar R. Perkins.


Accountant


FIFTH LOAN


Mrs. Maude P. Smith Chairman


Captains-Fourth Loan


Captains-Fifth Loan


Mrs. H. B. Stewart


Mrs. M. R. Kramer


Mrs. James Glenn


Mrs. Fred Morrison


Mrs. Charles Eslip


Mrs. R. C. Johnston


Mrs. C. O. Wherry


Mrs. E. D. Sober


Mrs. William Bew, Jr.


Miss Ella Conwell


Mrs. William Heckert


Mrs. Joseph Niceley


Mrs. E. A. Wadding


Miss Gertrude Lewis Mrs. Ed Lawhead


Mrs. Leon Cranmer


Mrs. Cornelia Thompson


Miss Edith Stamm


-


PACIPAL


13


SE


19


20


25


15


17


38


39


29


34


37


32


35


AUG. 30, 19/9 XI-A


9


MUNICIPAL


15


ELECTRICE WATER OFFICE


2


00


17


19


23


32


38


30


34


36


37


SEPT. 3, 1918 XI-B


PLATE XI-A 1. Ralph M. Smyers


8. Lucien Souey


15. Ernest Laurin


16. Charles Remaley


17. Charles Schreckengost 18. John Garvin 19. Charles D. Beatty


20. 21. Arthur G. Brideson 13. Karl Steinhagen 14. Charles Renner 15. Lewis A. Linderman 16. Chester Humphreys 17. John Gaupin 18. James E. Smith 19. Fred Carlaccini


23. Guilford Brown 24. Charles A. Mulhollen 25. Charles Itchek 26. George Harrison 27. Leo Kendall 28. William L. Ross 20. Joseph Chazman 21. Fred Scheeren 22. George Alfred Arner 23. Ralph Forringer 24. Paul Gretz 25. Ralph Duncan 26. Raymond Lessig


29. Clifford Sleppy 30. Stanley Gibbs


31. Theodore Kirsch 32. Leo Grottenthaler 33. Arthur Chauvaux 34. Walter C. Charles


27. James Raimondi 28. Adolph George Walters 29. Thomas Mohan 30. Glenn F. Markey 31. Leo Graboski 32. Forrie Sackett


33. Walter Dambkoski


PLATE XI-B 1. George Altamos


2. Andy Napierkowski 3. James H. Jack 4. Raymond C. Lauer


9. Louis Novak 10. John Ptasick


5. August Rischia


11. Stanislaw Kukowski 12. Albert Demharter


22


9. Joseph A. Koprivinikar


10. William J. Friedricks


11. Mack Haslett


12. Alfred Bastin


6. Robert Toepfer


7. Harry Sweet


13. Henry Wm. Haller 14. David O. McLure 7. Freeman Ross 8. Frank Augustine


34.


35. Thomas Miller 36. James C. Long 37. George Ryan 38. Philip Ganss


PLATES XI-A AND XI-B


35. George J. Duffer


2. Wilbur A. Elliott 3. Harry R. Miller 4. Angelo Matioli 5. Joseph Denis


21


24


18


RO


26


28


33


35


6. Harry L. Schelm


36. Frank J. Esser 37. Daneel Friel 38. Ralph Dyer 39. Stephen P. Millen 40. Wladyslaw Kvíminski


31


33


WATER


10


57


LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEES AND LEADERS


HARRISON TOWNSHIP


THIRD, FOURTH, AND FIFTH LOANS


Mrs. J. W. Stephenson . Chairman


Captains-Fourth Loan


Captains-Fifth Loan


Ist Precinct. Mrs. Hartnett


Ist Precinct Miss Margaret Friel


2d


Miss Moss Galbraith


2d


Miss Moss Galbraith


3d 66


Miss Emma Potts


3d


66


Mrs. J. C. Allen


4th


66


Mrs. Henry Hamilton


4th


66


Mrs. Henry Hamilton


5th 66 Mrs. R. C. Peffer


5th


66


Mrs. R. C. Peffer


Polish-speaking People-Mrs. Leon Korpanty


Polish-speaking People-Miss Lucy Pleva


EAST DEER TOWNSHIP Miss Helen G. Rowe . . Chairman-Fourth and Fifth Loans


CHESWICK BOROUGH. Miss K. A. Campbell .. . Chairman-Third, Fourth, and Fifth Loans


Mrs. J. G. Cumming .. . Chairman-Third, Fourth, and Fifth Loans


SPRINGDALE BOROUGH Mrs. Ida J. Alter


Chairman-Fourth and Fifth Loans


FAWN TOWNSHIP


Mrs. W. M. Harper. Chairman-Fourth Loan


Miss Mae Huggins. Chairman-Fifth Loan


FRAZIER TOWNSHIP Mrs. J. A. Nock.


Chairman-Fourth and Fifth Loans


HARMAR TOWNSHIP


.Mrs. W. Witherspoon. Chairman-Fourth Loan Miss Dora Fisher. Chairman-Fifth Loan


SPRINGDALE TOWNSHIP Mrs. W. B. Copeland .. . Chairman-Fourth Loan Mrs. Albert King. Chairman-Fifth Loan


Complete accurate figures cannot be given for the amount of bonds sold within the district, but a few facts presented below will give a fairly accurate estimate of the amount subscribed. The following table is from the report of the Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank showing the amount of bonds paid for by the local banks. While this is an accurate statement of the bonds handled by these banks, it does not include a large amount, particularly corporate subscriptions which were sent in through the Pittsburgh banks. It will be noted that the total subscribed through the banks. is almost twice the allotted quota.


BRACKENRIDGE


Quota


Subscriptions


First Liberty Loan


None allotted


$ 3,100


Second


$ 75,450


175,000


Third


66


66


104,800


190,200


Fourth


193,750


311,250


Fifth


66 66


125,850


142,000


TOTAL


$499,850


$821,550


58


MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES


NATRONA


Quota


Subscriptions


First Liberty Loan


None allotted


$ 70,100


Second


$ 73,350


122,450


Third


79,900


177,100


Fourth


156,600


217,000


Fifth


66


120,800


196,450


TOTAL


$430,650


$783,100


SPRINGDALE


Quota


Subscriptions


First


Liberty Loan


None allotted


$ 26,350


Second


66


66


$ 43,200


36,700


Third


66


43,100


101,800


Fourth


66


91,100


158,700


Fifth


72,050


94,600


TOTAL


$249,450


$418,150


TARENTUM


Quota


Subscriptions


First


Liberty Loan


None allotted


$ 208,750


Second


66


$ 303,300


379,650


Third


66


340,350


747,650


Fourth


66


583,950


1,153,400


Fifth


546,250


594,150


TOTAL


$1,773,850


$3,083,600


TOTAL QUOTAS


$2,952,800


TOTAL SUBSCRIPTIONS.


5,106,400


These figures are compiled from reports submitted by the banks in the several communities and include the results from contiguous townships and boroughs without banking facilities.


No figures are obtainable for the First, Second, and Third Liberty Loans other than those given above. Below are given the reports of the Women's Teams for the different boroughs and townships within the District for the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns. In order that some fairly accurate report could be had of the total subscriptions in the district each worker sent out was instructed to ask to see the receipts and to make record of the amount purchased where the person solicited reported having already subscribed. These records are shown in column No. 4 and when added to columns No. 2 and No. 3 give a fairly accurate total for the District, with the exception of the corporate subscriptions, which latter are not included.


59


SUMMARIES


FOURTH LIBERTY LOAN


District


Quota


Sales


Boy Scouts


Receipts


Grand Total


Brackenridge Borough $ 200,000


$ 64,100


$ 217,500


$ 281,600


Cheswick Borough


15,000


15,000


6,150


4,200


25,350


Springdale Borough


70,000


53,150


19,000


33,400


105,550


Tarentum Borough


500,000


367,400


1,304,000


1,671,400


East Deer Township


50,000


2,400


89,000


91,400


Fawn Township


10,000


8,700


5,650


14,350


Frazier Township


20,000


25,050


21,250


46,300


Harmar Township


14,000


26,650


22,600


49,2 50


Harrison Township


150,000


66,650


311,050


377,700


Springdale Township


15,000


300


5,950


6,250


TOTAL


$1,044,000


$629,400


$25,150


$2,014,600


$2,669,150


When the women of Tarentum checked up their day's returns on the evening of October 16, they found they had gone "over the top" for the Fourth Loan and to celebrate they asked the borough electrician to blow the whistle at the Electric Light Plant. He very obligingly responded. Soon bells were ringing and whistles were blowing from Natrona to Springdale on both sides of the river. Everybody was sure the much talked about armistice had been signed. Parades were organized and the celebration was kept up during most of the night.


FIFTH LIBERTY LOAN


District


Sales


Boy Scouts


Receipts $108,150


Grand Total


Brackenridge Borough .


$57,250


Cheswick Borough


15,900


2,450


4,350


22,700


Springdale Borough


6,150


7,950


60,900


75,000


Tarentum Borough


377,750


1,650


193,250


572,650


East Deer Township


8,050


44,250


52,300


Fawn Township


7,500


2,200


9,700


Frazier Township


17,200


10,700


27,900


Harmar Township


7,050


34,200


41,250


Harrison Township


161,600


80,700


242,300


Springdale Township


6,300


6,300


Total


$664,750


$12,050


$538,700


$1,215,500


-


$165,400


The Third, Fourth and Fifth Liberty Loans were handled among the local industries by what was known as Industrial Team No. 20 of Allegheny County. The team was headed by Mr. Vere Browne, General Manager of the Allegheny Steel Company, as Captain and embraced the territory on the west side of Allegheny River from Boquet Bridge to the Butler County Line, including Tarentum, Brackenridge and Natrona. Each of the industries in this section was represented on the Team by one or more men, who acted as manager of the campaign within the company he represented. The men comprising Team No. 20 were under the direction of the Captain and he in turn worked through the Secretary of the Manufacturer's Division of the


60


MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES


Liberty Loan Committee of the Pittsburgh Area. All the supplies for the campaigns, such as posters, buttons, window cards, etc., were distributed through the medium of the Captain of the Team, at the plant of the Allegheny Steel Company.


To the untiring efforts of the men comprising this Team must be attributed, in a large measure, the wonderful success of the Liberty Loans among the local industries. Day and night they were on the job, directing and encouraging the workers under them, meeting every evening to review the work done and map out plans for the balance. That the accomplishments of the Captain and the men under him were rated highly by the Liberty Loan Committee of the Pittsburgh Area is shown by the following extract from a letter Mr. T. C. Ham, Secretary of the Manufac- turers' Division, wrote to Mr. Browne at the close of the Fourth Loan.


"I hardly know how to express my appreciation to you and those who have been associated with you in conducting this Fourth Liberty Loan. You have certainly shown yourselves real leaders of men.


"I ask you to accept from me the thanks and congratulations of the Liberty Loan Committee.


"The territory you have covered has certainly responded magnificently in this campaign, which is due in no small measure to the vision and enthusiasm of yourself and those associated with you."


To the men in the mines, mills and factories must also be given a large share of the success of the Industrial Loans. They always went "over the top" of the quota set for the district and responded to a man, or, as it was termed during the campaigns, 100 per cent. That their efforts were highly appreciated is shown by the copy of the following telegram from Mr. Ham to Mr. Browne.


"Please extend to the loyal Americans of many nationalities in your district the thanks of the Liberty Loan Committee for the wonderful record which they have made in the Fourth Liberty Loan. The boys in France will never fail while the Industrial Army at home stands strong behind them."


Mention must be made at this time of the creditable record set by the employees of the West Penn Steel Company in the Fourth Loan. Nine hundred and ninety-four men subscribed for bonds to the amount of $398,500 or an average of $400.90 per man. This surpassed any record in Allegheny County.


Industrial Teams in Liberty Loan Campaigns


Third Loan


Fourth Loan


Fifth Loan


Total Subscriptions


$6,519


$7,050


$4,605


Amount Subscriptions


655,900.00


1,762,350.00


632,800.00


Average per employee


100.6I


249.98


I37.42


Corporate Subscriptions


850,000.00


1,321,000.00


I,025,000.00


Total Amount Subscriptions


$1,505,900.00


$3,083,350.00


$1,657,800.00


In all three Loans, as each industry in the District reported 100 per cent subscriptions, they were furnished with a framed certificate by the Pittsburg Committee, and these now have a prominent place in the offices of the different plants and are highly prized because they are significant of what the Industrial Army behind the boys did as part of its share toward winning the war.


-


21. George W. Barezykowski 26. James Elliott Brashear


2. Edward F. Arnold 3. James W. Anderson 4. Glenn M. Atkinson


5. Dale M. Alter


6. Frank Foster Armstrong 7. Ralph Haley Adams 8. James Callender, Jr. 9. Roy Francis Arnold 10. Norman F. Althauser


11. Robert Norman Ashbaugh 16. Nelson Armstrong


12. William J. Almes


13. John Adrian


14. John W. Allen, Jr.


15. Francis M. Acre


17. Riley Clair Ashbaugh 18. Christian Baldus, Jr. 19. Homer J. Baker, Jr. 20. Mike Banyei


22. Francis Barclay 23. Fred Barker 24. Earl J. Barndollar 25. Harry H. Barndollar


27. Emmons Harold Braun 28. Walter Barnhart 29. John Bucholski 30. Michael A. Bartello


PLATE XII


5


7


-


10


11


12


14


15


16 -


17-


18


19


20


21 -


22


23-


-24


-25


A


29


3C


1. Arlington Vernon Almes


61


UNITED WAR WORK CAMPAIGN


UNITED WAR WORK CAMPAIGN


The United War Work Campaign was, as the term implies, the united effort of seven different benevolent organizations to raise funds with which to carry on their work. These different or- ganizations were as follows: the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Chris- tian Association, the National Catholic War Council (Knights of Columbus), the Jewish Welfare Board, the War Camp Community Service, the American Library Association, and the Salvation Army. Each of these organizations was in need of funds and had planned campaigns to raise sufficient money to do its part. At the suggestion of President Wilson the seven organizations made out a budget and united in one campaign, thus saving many thousands of dollars that would have been expended in the duplication of work.


The total amount to be raised was $170,000,000. This was the largest sum ever asked for such or like purposes by any organization or any combination of organizations. This amount was to be divided as follows: the Y. M. C. A., $100,000,000; the Y. W. C. A., $15,000,000; the K. of C., $30,000,000; the War Camp Community Service (W. C. C. S.), $15,000,000; the Jewish Welfare Board (J. W. B.), $3,500,000; the American Library Association (A. L. A.), $3,500,000; and the Salvation Army, $3,500,000.


The Allegheny County Quota in this campaign was $5,500,000. The method of raising this money was much the same as the methods used in the Liberty Loan Campaigns or the Red Cross Roll Calls. Captains were appointed for the different districts who in turn enlisted a group of workers and a thorough house-to-house canvass was made. The campaign was set for the week of November II, 1918. The signing of the armistice on the Monday of that week relieved the tension somewhat and made the canvass a little more difficult and the response a little less generous than it probably would have been a week earlier, but the necessity for this fund did not disappear as the boys were destined to remain in service for several months.


One slight departure in this campaign from that of many of the others was the assigning of definite allotments to schools. The arrangement made was somewhat as follows: for High Schools $5 or more per pupil for 60 per cent of the enrollment, Seventh and Eighth Grades $5 per pupil for 25 per cent of enrollment, and Grades 1-6 $10 per room. This work was put in charge of the various superintendents of the district and met with a hearty response on the part of pupils and teachers alike.


The contributions through the several teams from the district were as follows:


Tarentum


$7,821.26


Brackenridge


1,927.92


Harrison Township


2,337.0I


East Deer Township


222.50


Fawn Township


35.00


Frazier Township


291.95


-


The report of the industrial team which was headed by Mr. Julian Burdick was made directly to industrial headquarters for Allegheny County and is not included in the above report.


62


MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES


THE MOTHERS OF DEMOCRACY


"On the tenth of February, 1918, a group of officers from Camp Lee, headed by (now) Brig- adier General Frank S. Cocheu and (now) Major Barratt O'Hara, came to Pittsburgh and held a meeting in Soldiers' Memorial Hall which was crowded with thousands of relatives and friends of soldiers and sailors.




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