History of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, Part 88

Author: Smith, Robert Walter
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Chicago : Waterman, Watkins
Number of Pages: 790

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In that partition, in-lots Nos. 39, 41, 44, 47, 53, 63, 117, 118, 121 and 125, and the strip between Water street and the river were allotted to Will- iam Todd and his sisters, Barbara, afterward inter- married with Jesse Martin, Elizabeth, with David Shields and Sarah, with John Thrush. They, with their husbands, released their interests in these lots, except No. 41, to their brother William, April 29, 1834, for $112.50. The latter conveyed that strip to the borough of Freeport September 18, 1839, for $100. They all conveyed their interest in in-lot No. 41 to Hugh Kirkland December 24, 1829, for $209.

Josiah Copley remembers that when he carried

the mail, in 1818, from Indiana via South Bend or Woodward's, Kittanning and Butler, to Freeport, there were only ten or twelve log houses in it. Jacob Weaver, who was still postmaster, was the only merchant. John Drum's was the only tavern, and that was where he stopped over night. This being then a river town from which no important highway extended into the country, the chief pat- ronage to that house was derived from the river men, who liberally patronized the bar. A large proportion of the lumbermen in those days, says Copley, were rough fellows. One of those that he met here was superlatively so. His looks, actions and language were perfectly hideous. He uttered the most horrible oaths and imprecations before and after retiring for the night. On his renewal of them in the bedchamber, Copley requested him to cease. He became more furious and re- volting, until Copley went to the door and called the landlord, who he knew didn't hear him. Then that personification of hideousness and profanity succumbed, as noisy, cowardly blusterers generally do, and all was quiet there the rest of the night. Copley further states, that he has never seen a place in which there was so much drunkenness, swearing, cardplaying, quarreling and fighting as there were in and about that public house, not, however, chargeable to the then permanent inhab- itants of Freeport, most of whom were not at all addicted to those vices, but to those who resorted thither from the river and the surrounding country, whose highest idea of manhood was to drink, fight and mingle the grossest profanity with nearly all their talk, whose bad example was caught and fol- lowed by at least one young lad whom he heard pouring out a torrent of the wickedest kind of oaths, and seemingly in the angriest mood, upon a man on horseback, at which that man and the by- standers grinned like idiots, as if they really enjoyed that shameful display of juvenile de- pravity.

BOATBUILDING.

There was, however, a brighter, a lovely spot in the picture. About that time, during that year, the hum of a new branch of useful industry began to be heard in this town. Edward Hart, of Boston, Massachusetts, who had been a sea captain, brought hither a small number of New England mechanics, of gentlemanly, decorous and correct deportment, who persisently refrained from profanity. They boarded at Drum's tavern, where Copley became well acquainted with them, and occasionally visited the yard where they were constructing a boat of different shape from those built now, but had, he thought, "sufficient depth for a seagoing vessel,"

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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY.

which he saw launched early in December. An- other correspondent, who was present, relates: When all the blocks were taken from under the keel and the boat rested on the skids or timbers, on which it was to descend to the river, it was kept in its place by a stay at each end, at each of which a man was placed with instructions to knock out the stay with the hatchet which each had in his hand, on a signal being given by the captain, whose son Edward was one of the persons on whom that duty devolved. The stay where the other man was placed was discovered to be in such a position that it could not be knocked out, but must be cut. After a few strokes of the ax it yielded suddenly to the pressure, and the boat moved at that end. The captain then shouted to his son, who then gave the blow, the stay yielded and the hoat descended suddenly, sideways, into the river, amid the cheers of the interested specta- tors. She was neither side nor stern wheeled. There were two openings, separated by timbers, for the wheels several feet forward from the stern.

RELIGIOUS.

There were then no churches here. Rev. John Redick, pastor of the Slate Lick and Union Pres- byterian churches, and clergymen of other denomi- nations occasionally preached here in private houses. Copley was present one evening at a meeting held at the house of a widow lady, about opposite the foot of Todd's Island, on Water street, on which occasion an itinerant clergyman preached a rather poor and rambling sermon, if it was intended for and could be called a sermon, at the close of which he invited any present to speak if so inclined. Capt. Hart, who was imbued with an ardent and cheerful piety, who had here become a favorite with all who came in contact with him, and who was then soon to leave, rose and delivered what might be called his farewell address in so pious a strain, and which was so touching and elo- quent as to bring tears and sobs from his hearers, who deeply lamented that they would soon see him no more.

SALT WELLS.

About 1820 a well for salt water was sunk on the left bank of the Allegheny, opposite Freeport, by a man of the name of Fleming. A vein of oil was struck at the depth of 114 feet, which, increas- ing subsequently, became so troublesome as to cause work to be abandoned at the depth of 416 feet. The well, as far down as the rock, which was twenty feet below the surface, was eight feet square and walled with timber. The people in the vicinity, by means of a ladder, descended to where

the water rose in that square part of the well and with woolen blankets collected the oil on the sur- face, which they used for illuminating and medi- cinal purposes. About 1857 James A. McCulloch and William S. Ralston purchased that property. In cleaning out that well they collected a consid- erable quantity of oil, which they sold for $1.50 a gallon. They then pumped for oil and obtained daily half a barrel, which Ralston refined for burn- ing in lamps, and thus became the pioneer oil refiner. He met with no difficulty in distilling, but he did in treating it with chemicals and deo- dorizing, which, he says, he at length overcame. The gravity of the oil when pumped from the rock was 36, when refined, 42, a safe oil for illuminating. There was a residuum of four per cent of tar, which was equal to pine tar for lubricating wagon axles.

In 1830 commenced the business of taking ice from the mouth of Buffalo creek, from the basin above the Kiskiminetas, and from the river below the town for the southern market. Some seasons between then and 1855 several large cargoes of it were transported in barges down the Mississippi.

IRISH SETTLEMENTS OF CANAL TIMES.

While the canal was being made there were two Irish settlements of Irish laborers, called Garry Owen and Mullengan, one above and the other below Freeport. The inhabitants thereof occasionally came to patronize, at least they did patronize, the three taverns which then flourished here, and sel- dom failed to enliven the town with their boister- ous hilarity. There was a racecourse on the lower flat on which some of the best blooded horses from Kentucky and Virginia evinced their wonderful speed. Jumping and foot-races were common. . Betting was hrisk, and large sums were won and lost on the quadruped and biped racers. John Karns on a certain occasion jumped from one side of the canal lock to the other, a distance of sixteen feet. It is related that Simon Shields won $50 by jumping three " stand-and-jumps." Other noted jumpers were Elliott and Samuel D. Karns and Henry Gass. On St. Patrick's day, 1828, the Irish from Garry Owen and Mullengan had a large pro- cession. They were decked with pine and laurel to represent the shamrock. After marching through town regaled by strains of music, they closed their celebration with real Irish joviality at Neil Gillespie's tavern. There were then about thirty houses in Freeport.

EARLY ASSESSMENTS.

Benjamin, probably meant for Benjamin F. Weaver, was first assessed here as a single man in

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FREEPORT TOWNSHIP.

1814 ; Henry, probably meant for Henry A. Wea- ver, with lot No. 128, one house, one horse, one cow, at $132, besides the 300 acres heretofore men- tioned; Benjamin King, single man, carpenter, one lot and one house, in 1819-20, at $150; John Woods, single man, in 1819-20; Henry S. Wea- ver, with 72 acres and a distillery in 1818, at $222. David Putney says there were only two weather- boarded houses here in 1820, one of which was frame and the other log. Thos. O'Neil, No. 13, one house, $200; Boyle, No. 15, one house, $200 ; Johnston Canaan, No. 14, one house, one cow, $131; David H. Potts, shoemaker, No. 34, one house, one cow, $136; David Scott, No. 3, one house, one cow, $26; Henry Drum, one cow, $8; Andrew Glenett, one horse, one cow, $28 ; H. G. Bethune,

- -; David Calkin, shoemaker, No. 57, one - house, four oxen, one cow, $176; Wm. Painter, No. 126, one house (transferred from Thos. Ryan), $50. The only occupations noted on that list are those above mentioned.

The first separate assessment list for Freeport was in 1826, when Philip Bohlen was assessed with lot No. 13, one house and one horse, at $210, in the occupancy of Hugh Gillespie ; John Drum, lot No. 22, one house and two cows, $308 ; John Fullerton, No. 25, one bouse, one cow, $156 ; Mat- thias Folcake, No. 15, one house, formerly to Will- iam Gibson, two cows, $200; William Gibson, No. 17, one house, two cows, $346 ; George Helter- brand, No. 14, one house, $50; William Painter, tailor, No. 2, one house (Andrew Stenett), one horse, one cow, $298 ; Thomas Regan, No. 126, one house (John Dougherty), $50; James Cain, No. 34, one house (Dugan & Co.), $50; Patrick Pree, No. 68, one house (Hugh Carson), $50; Jacob Weaver, No. 24, one house, $150; widow of Henry A. Weaver, No. 128, one house, two horses, two eows, $206 ; Henry S. Weaver, No. 26, one house, $150; John Wodison (absent), one house.

Returned as unseated lots the same year, from No. 30 to 135 inclusive, of which, however, the following were, according to the corrected list, seated and assessed as follows : No. 52, by M. Moorehead, including one cow, $238 ; No. 54, by same, $200; No. 55, sold to A. Ralston, $214; No. 57, by M. McGraw, $206 ; No. 59, by H. G. Bethune and occupation, $256 ; No. 60, by William Haggerty, $200; by H. S. Weaver, No. 30, $80, Nos. 86, 87, each $150 ; No. 83, by J. Canaan, $150; No. 88, by B. F. Weaver, $50; No. 91, by John Fullerton, $50; No. 92, by Jacob O'Donnell, $116; No. 131, by N. P. Lang, carpenter, $100. The corrected list also shows : No. 4, assessed to An- drew Bradley, $286 ; No. 8, to Mrs. Rachel Elliott,

$280 ; No. 11, and one cow, to Esq. Bohlen, $286 ; No. 12, sold to William Porter, $280; No. 16, seated by Gibson ; No. 21, by J. L. Easton, $342; Nos. 27 and 29, to H. S. Weaver, each $280.

TRANSFERS OF PROPERTY.

Armstrong disposed of but few, if any, of his lots for more than a decade after the partition. He was of course benefited by the impetus given to the growth of the town by the making of the Penn- sylvania canal. Its excavation above, through and below the town, the construction of the canal-loek here, and of the aqueducts across the Allegheny and the Buffalo, the commercial facilities offered by the canal, and the boring of several salt-wells in its vicinity, made Freeport a brisk business cen- ter. The work on the canal commenced here in the summer of 1827, and boats made their first trips on it in 1828-9. The Benjamin Franklin was the first packet-boat, said to have been a very neat one, that plied regularly between Freeport and Pittsburgh. Her first trip was on February 6, 1829, with about thirty passengers. Her speed was five miles an hour .*

An improvement meeting, similar to the one held at Kittanning, except that it was of a more local character, was held here January 23, 1828, of which Jacob Weaver was president, and William W. Gib- son and Henry S. Weaver were secretaries.

About May 27, 1829, a part of the aqueduet across Buffalo creek fell down.

Armstrong's sales of his lots appears from the records to have commenced about the time of the completion of the canal. He made several addi- tions to the town. The first was from the land immediately adjacent to the original plot, by which the number of in-lots was increased to about 200. His other additions are the " Hill Plot," the " Buffalo Plot," and those dated respectively No- vember 30, 1841, October 21, 1846, and December 4, 1847.

His sales of town lots and other parcels, " Union " and "Friendship," extended through a period of twenty-eight years, which the records show to have been :

In 1829, to John Patterson, out-lot No. 12, Jan- uary 23, for $100; to James Bole, William W. Gibson and James White, "in trust for the three denominations of christians worshiping or to wor- ship in the meeting-house near Freeport, the Episcopal, Associate or Seceder, and the Presby- terian," 1 acre and 36 perches, "including the burial-ground, which is to be considered a general interest by the citizens of Freeport and vicinity,"

* Columbian of Saturday, September 12, 1829.

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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY.

January 24, for $100 ; to Benjamin King, out-lot No. 3, 1 acre and 183 perches, same day, for $90 ; to Andrew Arnold, his interest in 2 acres and 16 perches, "near the town of Freeport," July 13, for $35 (and he to Thomas Robinson, January 30, 1839 for $150) ; to Rev. Hugh Kirkland, out-lot No. 13, 2 acres and 13 perches, for $147; to Thomas Robinson, in-lot No. 19, July 29, for $200 ; to Michael Moorehead, one-eleventh of in-lot No. 51, July 30, for $9.55 ; to Henry S. Weaver, in-lots Nos. 30, 123, 124, 125, December 21, for $500. In 1830, to Francis Anderson, out-lot No. 2, July 25, for $130; to Andrew Earley, in-lot No. 7, July 29, for $61.

In the summer or autumn of this year a slight breeze of intestine discord disturbed this commu- nity, which originated from the erection of a house on the strip between the river and Water street, a short distance below Fifth, by Hugh Kirkland and John Patterson for their own use. Some of the good citizens resisted such a use and occupancy of any part of that strip of free land. William Mar- tin, Joseph Shoop, Benjamin, Henry and Peter E. Weaver and William Younkins went to the build- ing, after its completion, with the intention of throwing it into the river. Hence arose the action of trespass vi et armis brought by Kirkland and Patterson against them to No. 34, December term, 1830, in the common pleas of this county. After the narr. and the pleas were filed the case was compromised, before which the defendants had proceeded to carry out their intention. Patterson, having become aware of their purpose, entered the building and, armed with an adz, bade them stay out. After a brief altercation he agreed that the building should be removed, which was accordingly done. If a trial of the case had been reached, the defendants were prepared to prove David Todd's declaration, that that strip of land should always be free to the lotowners and rivermen .*

In 1831 Armstrong conveyed to Jacob Weaver, in-lot No. 48, January 9, for $139 ; to William W. Gibson, in-lot No. 136, January 26, for $159; to David and James Murry, ont-lot No. 4, January 28, for $60; to James McCullongh, in-lot No. 154, January 29, for $34; to William Younkins, in-lot No. 143, January 31, for $38 ; to John Kerns, out- lot No. 9, 1 acre and 83 perches the same day, for $75; to Isaac Bole, in-lots Nos. 146, 147, same day, for $199; to James E. McDonald, in-lot No. 144, same day, for $50 ; to Joseph McKee, in-lot No. 51, February 1, for $105 (which McKee afterward con- veyed to Alexander Armstrong for $200, and the latter to John McGinler, March 10, 1838, for $200);

to Andrew Ralston, in-lot No. 142, same day, for $39 ; to William Miller, in-lot No. 157, February 3, for $50 ; to Nathaniel Miller, in-lot No. 149, same day, for $60 ; to James Bole, out-lot No. 5, June 31, for $35 ; to John Bole, in-lots Nos. 138, 139, January 31, for $93.

Armstrong was first assessed as a resident here, in 1832, with in-lot No. 18, 1 house, 1 horse and 1 cow, at $828. He conveyed to David Putney 3 acres and 106 perches, adjoining Putney's lane, on Franklin street on the south, Fifth street on the west, and an alley on the north, April 6, for $400. Putney removed about that time from Bole's mill to Freeport, where he was that year first assessed with out-lot No. 14, I house and 1 cow, at $43. He soon after started a brickyard and was the pioneer in building brick houses in Freeport.

In 1833 Armstrong conveyed to John Miller in- lot No. 62, June 21, for $43.

In 1837, to William P. Rupp and Thomas B. Williamson, wardens, and Jacob Mechling, Jr., James D. Torbett, John S. Weaver, Peter S. Wea- ver and Samuel L. Weaver, vestrymen of the Trinity Episcopal church, a part of in-lot No. 131, March 29, for $200; to Charles J. Kenley, part of out-lot No. 18, September 4, for $1,000.

In 1838, to Thomas B. Williamson, in-lots Nos. 189, 190, November 17, for $47; to James Carna- han, in-lots 179, 180, December 16, for $53, and three-fourths of an acre of "Union," beginning at a post in Baker street, for $100.

In 1839, to William Bohlen, in-lot No. 191, August 23, for $40.

In 1840, to Margaret Stewart, part of out-lot No. 18, i.e. out-lot No. 2, from No. 15 to No. 18 inclu- sive, February 18, for $40.

In 1841, to Samuel Maxwell, in-lots Nos. 186-7- 8, " recently laid out," January 23, for $77 ; to Jas. E. Griffin, in-lot No. 131, February 6, for $300; to John Kerns, out-lot No. 15, 1 acre, 98 perches, April 19, for $230; to Jacob Shoop and Peter E. Weaver, in-lot No. 88, May 17, for $550. Weaver released to Shoop, and he conveyed one-half to Jas. Carnahan, June 5, for $53; to James Carnahan, December 18, three-fourths of an acre in plot of November 30, 1841, for $100; to Isaac Coyte, out-lot No. 16, 1 acre and 111 perches, October 20, for $200; to Samuel D. Karns, in-lots Nos. 178, 184, November 15, for $58 ; to Washington Bales, De- cember 18, Nos. 2, 3, in plot of November 30, 1841, for $76. Bales to Alexander Bales and Jane Rowen,. November 14, 1857, for $300, and Mrs. Rowen to Martha Miller, March 15, 1859, for $2,000.

In 1842, to John Johnston, June 16, Nos. 10, 11, plot of November 30, 1841, for $140; to John Arnold,

* Peter E. Weaver's statement to the writer.

M. E. CHURCH,

FREEPORT, PA.

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FREEPORT TOWNSHIP.

June 19, No. 12, ditto, for $60 ; to Dr. David Alter, June 29, No. 4, ditto, for $50; to Polly Rowley, Nos. 20, 21, ditto, for $60 ; to James Carnahan, July 11, Nos. 16, 17, 18, ditto, for $80 ; to Robert McKee, same day, Nos. 32, 33, ditto, for $119; David Wilson, Nos. 28, 29, ditto, October 13, for $136; to John Johnston, 36} perches out of in-lot No. 18, October 3, for $90 ; to Andrew McGinniss, No. 1, south side of Buffalo creek, June 29, for $55. He advertised, August 9, in the Freeport Columbian, 20 building-lots in the borough "and suburbs " for sale, and two excellent coalbanks for lease, from which were " delivered thousands of bushels of stone coal every year."

In 1844, to Lewis Brenneman, January 3, No. 25, plot November 30, 1841, for $94, and, same day, in-lot No. 85, for $1,000.

In 1845, to John Arnold, May 3, parcel adjoining plot November 30, 1841, for $1; he to Robert Carnahan, same day, for $63; to Peter Bowers, No. 1 Armstrong's plot, December 8, for $100.

In 1846, to Asa Rowley, September 9, No. 24, plot November 30, 1841, for $101.

In 1847, to Richard Armstrong, in-lots Nos. 164-5, August 19, for $400.

In 1848, to David Callen, in-lot No. 184, April 4, for $35; to Rev. E. M. Miles, September 12, No. 42, plot December 4, 1847, for $33.50; to I. Smith Bole, same day, No. 40, ditto for $36; to Conrad Nulf, a parcel adjoining the river on the south and in-lot No. 1 on the north and Buffalo creek on the west, October 12, for $50; to Frederick Kayler, same day, Nos. 22-3, plot December 4, 1847, for $50 ; to Joseph Kenniston, the only one of Capt. Hart's employés who remained here, in-lot No. 120, De- cember 16, for $35.

In 1849, to John W. Redpath, a parcel partly in Freeport and South Buffalo township, March 14, for $200; to Abner W. Lane, a parcel adjoining northeast side of Stewart street and Lane's line, between the creek and the public road from the west end of Market street, April 2, for $100; to James Hoaks, November 26, No. 4, plot December 4, 1847, for $50; to William Bates, same day, Nos. 13, 35, plot November 30, 1841, for $60.

In 1850, to Robert Morris, December 10, No. - , plot November 30, 1841, for $150.

In 1851, to Bridgett Torbett Nos. 5, 6, " Buffalo plot," September 6, for $100; to William Phillips, October 18, Nos. 14-15, plot December 4, 1848, for $100.

In 1853, to James Gillespie and John McCne, 75 acres and 129 perches, beginning at a post on Washington street, etc., June 9, for $6,000.

In 1855, to Dr. David Alter, No. 19, Armstrong's

plot, December 21, for $120 ; to Robert Morris, same day, No. 5 plot October 21, 1846, for $100.

1858, to John L. Churchill, one-fifth of an acre between Second street and the creek, also the island in the creek, but without warranty of title to the latter, December 20, for $100, which seems to have been the last sale made by him before his death. Lots Nos. 4 and 8 of the "Hill plot " re- mained unsold as a part of his estate until after proceedings in partition, when they were conveyed by George B. Sloan, trustee, to Jacob Shoop, June 5, 1862, the former for $44 and the latter for $55, who conveyed them, December 21, to William A. Long, the former for $100 and the latter for $150.

He also left in-lot No. 108, which was retained by his widow. She conveyed it to Charles E. Shaw, February 9, 1866, for $500. Shaw conveyed the western half of it to Henry S. Ehrenfeld, April 13, 1867, for $250, and he to Archibald M. Shaw, June 21, 1870, for $1,000. Charles E. Shaw con- veyed the eastern half of this lot to Milton E. Shaw, February 1, 1874, for $500, and Archibald M. Shaw the other or western half to him, June 7, 1875, for $1,100, and the latter conveyed the whole lot to Samuel Hepworth, June 10, for $1,300. Thus passed to others the title to the last parcel of the real estate within the present borough limits which had been, more than half a century ago, allotted to James Armstrong, an heir of one of the original proprietors of the town of Freeport.

Todd's Island having become vested in the heirs of David Todd, they by their attorney, Thomas White, conveyed it to John O'Neil, May 1, 1830. In April, 1831, O'Neil laid it out into twenty-one lots, fifteen of which contained 1 acre each; No. 21, 6 acres; No. 1, 139} perches; No. 10, 112 perches ; No. 11, 110} perches; No. 12, 993 perches, and No. 13, 100 perches. A street 33 feet wide extended, with a bearing north 59 degrees east, through the central part of the island. On the 30th of May, 1833, the sales of lots were quite brisk. On that day O'Neil conveyed No. 20 to John Karns for $90.50; Nos. 12, 13, to John Keever, for $51; Nos. 21, 22, to Benjamin King, for $66; to David Scott, No. 17, for $ -; No. 18 to John Shoop, for $51; No. 3 to Henry Weaver, Jr., for $55. June 14, No. 9 to Jacob Williams for $71.50. Doubts having arisen as to whether this island was within the limits of this county, it was declared to belong thereto, and was annexed to the borough of Freeport by the act of March 19, 1840. It has been previously claimed by Westmoreland county. Edward H. Day, Henry Eichert and Peter Weaver acquired an in- terest in Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, which passed from them by sheriff's sale, March 21, 1846, to Robert M. Porter,

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HISTORY OF ARMSTRONG COUNTY.

which he conveyed to Samuel B. Porter, April 22, 1847, for $700, from whom the northern part of No. 1-the southern part being then vested in A. Colwell and P. Templeton -passed by sheriff's sale to Hiram Neyman, March 5, 1855, for $1,500, and which Neyman conveyed to Thomas Magill in May, 1866, for $975.

A company, consisting of John and Thomas Magill and McCandless, Jamison & Co., was organ- ized March 1, 1868, who erected a woolen mill on O'Neil's Iot No. 2 and a dye-house on No. 3, known as the "Freeport Woolen Mills," with which Thomas Magill has been since assessed .*

Others appear to have been conveyed, the deeds for which are not on record.

David Scott conveyed No. 17 to James Milligan, December 9, 1833; Milligan to John Boyd, Janu- ary 10, 1837 ; Boyd to Conrad Nolf, May 6, 1843 ; Nolf to Fr. and Samuel Sheldon, October 27, 1860, for $300; they to Ann E. Sheldon one-third of the eastern portion, June 8, 1867, for $100, and she to Magill, January 15, 1869, for $100.

Sheriff Hutchinson conveyed No. 6 to Wm. H. Richardson, March 21, 1838; the latter to Peter Ford, March 30, 1841, who, by his will dated Jan- uary 17, 1852, devised it to his daughter, Nancy L. Ford, who, with her husband, John Turner, con- veyed it to Elizabeth Shaner, March 12, 1864, the eastern part of which she conveyed to Magill, March 30, 1867, for $625. Charles Vantine con- veyed Nos. 21 and 22, lying "east of a cut through the island," to Thomas Magill, December 1, 1868, for $150.

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History of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, Part 88

Author: Smith, Robert Walter Publication date: 1883 Publisher: Chicago : Waterman, Watkins Number of Pages: 790

Author: Smith, Robert Walter
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Chicago : Waterman, Watkins
Number of Pages: 790