USA > Pennsylvania > Bradford County > History of Bradford County, Pennsylvania, with biographical selections > Part 23
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HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
good to have a strong government and a "divine king" enthroned, and "Auld Clootie" might have returned to his Plutonian shores in the restful faith that he had conquered mankind for thousands of years to come; captured their horse, foot and dragoons, by principalities, by empires and by nations. I know of nothing else, of all else, but that compared in sin to this divinity-of-ruler's idea but that is as the grain of sand to the mountain range. Usurpers usurping everything under such plausible pretexts as promoting the public good. The foulest designs that were ever invented against the most sacred rights of mankind here come clothed in fairest face and winning smiles, and the devil surely hypnotized men's very blood when he filled them with faith in the "divine" ruler, and that the sweet and pitiful heaven would be deeply grieved to see that idea gibbeted higher than was Haaman-the awful delusion extirpated from men's hearts. And these monsters, measureless criminals against God and man alike, build churches and school-houses, and poor men crawl in their presence and worship them-powder food, slaves-soul and body. If mankind was made for no higher purpose than to set up these fetich-governments ; to be governed by either an organized banditti or a miserable insane, diseased king, and to slave and suffer and perish, that the rotten dynasty might live, then surely life is one stupendous failure. Much of the current history of nations is merely elaborated war records, and consequently columns and whole pages of modern metropolitan news- papers are detailed accounts of the doings of the prize-ring bullies- those giants with fists like mauls and heads like tea cups. This trend of the public mind is the omnipotent educator of a majority of the average boys of the land, and when among grown men one of these two-legged brutes on exhibition can draw houses worth dollars, to where, perhaps, the finest intellect in the world would get pennies, it is enough to discourage the heroes who build up and extend civilization.
The first regular battle in the Civil War was Bull Run, and here were Bradford county men, and from there to Appomattox, in the Army of the East, and in many of the Western battles also, they were present. Nearly every township in the county, not only called war meetings, but organized societies for securing recruits ; commissioners and boards of every municipality, and the county at large, were voting money, both as bounties and as assistance to families. The first shock of war paralyzed business everywhere, but such was the activity in recruiting and supplying the rapidly forming squadrons, that, soon, never before was more general business activity. In honor of Ameri- cans, it should never be forgotten that we had all preparations for war, in the way of raising and arming men, to make after actual hostilities had begun. Another thing, and a far nobler compliment to American advance in the higher walks of thought, is that our war was long, and millions of men were in line; yet, compared to the marvelous military genius of a Von Moltke, we had but most feeble ideas of quick and triumphant war. Von Moltke was the mere adjutant of Germany, and he played the game of war with the precision of fate. Our field commanders were, no doubt, the equals, perhaps the superiors, of any modern people ; but this is not the science of war, it was hardly more than a prolonged
-
224
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
life-and-death-struggle, where the deciding factor was a mere question of numbers. When Germany overran and conquered France, twenty years ago, besieged and captured their beautiful capital, and levied on the conquered billions of tribute money to carry back to Berlin, then it was that the volcanic French appeared in their best form. France, hardly stopping to look around on her desolation, the splendid ruins on every hand, when she set about rebuilding her magnificent cities, her vine-clad, sunny houses, and in the walks of peace, was soon far in advance of her recent conqueror. The South was overrun, devastated, and conquered, and the terms of surrender were hardly dry on the paper when the soldier became a civilian, and from that hour to this, the "New South" is a marvel even in this marvelous land. The haughty Normans overran England, conquered it, confiscated its entire public and private property, and made slaves of the conquered. The Normans are but an insignificant line in history, while their once slaves have pushed their all-conquering civilization around the entire globe. There are lessons in history that men should learn " by heart." The learning of those lessons will teach men to think, reflect and make of them rea- soning beings. Such men only will advance, not only themselves, but their brothers. In a certain stage of development, emerging from naked barbarians, war is no doubt a developer, as Buckle pretty clearly shows that the invention of gunpowder was an active and powerful civilizer.
Following immediately on the firing on Fort Sumter came the President's call for 75,000 volunteers to put down the Rebellion. Any man was a hero then, that would go beating, up and down street, the drum, and calling for recruits to his company. Where there were so many volunteering in hot haste, so many as to soon fill the call of the President, and thousands were turned away, disappointed, it would seem foolish to try to name the first man to volunteer from Bradford county. There is some strong evidence that Capt. Bradbury, now of Athens, was about the first to respond to his country's call. The average man was stunned for a little while with the call to arms; he didn't exactly know how to go about the first step in joining the army ; there was nothing in sight to "join."
During the four years of war there were forty companies-nearly all full companies, went from this county-these were squadrons that joined New York commands. Over 4,000 men from one county, and that a county of farmers; not a city within its borders. The; whole number of men enlisted in the Union Army, not including State militia, and men enlisted for special emergencies, 2,656,553 men ; killed or died of wounds, 96,087; died, 184,331; total who died, 280,- 418. What a countless army with banners! The " boys " went out from friends and home to war, to the long marches and summer's heat and dust, and winter's storm and biting cold ; to the muddy trenches, the bivouack, the fierce charges and the headlong retreats, the cross and clash of bayonets, sickening wounds and the noisome hospitals, to disease and deathly home-sickness, to exposures that sapped the strongest constitutions, to despair and death. Four years, less three
Dymo Avery
227
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
days, and the outstretched wings of the destroying angel darkened all .. this beautiful land.
Nearly three millions of men went out with the cheer of the multi- tude, the blare of bugles, the rattle of the drums and the martial music of the fife, full of young, lusty life, and health, and hope and boundless ambition. Nearly 400,000 perished-seven times the entire population of one of our States. At last, "stack arms !" " home !" and the common soldier returned foot-sore, weary, covered with dust and grime; toiling along the hot road, he approaches his return journey's end, his heavy load is laid away, and his army shoes are pulled off, and he asks after his neighbors, and tells the gathering acquaintances of the " boys " that will never come back.
Among the eminent sons of Bradford who laid down their lives in the line of duty-names not born to die-may be mentioned those of Watkins, Spalding, Culp, Sturrock, Ingham, Guyer, Swart, Kellogg, Hemans, Tears, Case, and there are hundreds of others, whose memorial tablets are in the many different cemeteries of the county, while many others sleep in unknown Southern graves.
The Governor of Pennsylvania promptly convened the Legislature on the April call for troops, and May 15, 1861, an act was passed requiring the Governor (Curtin) to organize a military corps, to be called the "Rural Volunteer Corps of the Commonwealth," to be com- posed of thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry and one of light artillery, to be enlisted for three years. These were apportioned among the counties, and the ranks soon filled. Three more companies than the county was allotted, had, in their eagerness to go, organized and started for Harrisburg, and actually got as far as Troy, when they had to stop, as the quota was full, and no more could be received.
July 21, 1861, occurred the first fight at Bull Run, and the result of that battle was for a moment to send dismay through the North. The National army was routed, and the term of the three months' 75,000 men was near its close ; the capital was exposed, and instead of suppressing the Rebellion in the allotted " ninety days," it began to look seriously the other way. Most fortunately, Pennsylvania was ready with its organized force of three years' men to step in the breach, and stay the victorious rebel onslaught.
War Meeting in Towanda .- April 18, only six days after the attack on Fort Sumter, a great war meeting was held in Towanda. Small spontaneous meetings had previously been held in nearly every town- ship. Judge Mercur presided ; Cols. G. F. Mason, John F. Means and W. C. Bogart, vice-presidents ; P. D. Morrow (judge); W. T. Davies (Gov.); D. A. Overton and H. B. Mckean, secretaries. Many stirring and patriotic speeches were made, and a mass meeting was called for the 23d. At this meeting the county's population turned out, and recruiting went on briskly, the ladies partaking, and they presented the volunteers with a beautiful flag, the handiwork of their own hands, and Capt. J. W. Mason responded on behalf of the men.
April 30, three companies had been raised and organized : Capt. Mason's, Capt. Gore's and Capt. Bradbury's, of Athens, and they started
228
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
at once for Harrisburg, but on reaching Troy they were notified that the State's quota was full, and were ordered to return. They were met at Troy by five companies from Tioga, and instead of disbanding or returning, they went into camp there. In a short time they pro- ceeded to Harrisburg and were mustered into the State's Reserve Corps. Capt. Trout's Company being F, in the Fifth Reserve, and Capt. Bradbury's, Company F, and Capt. Gore's, Company I, in the Sixth. Capt. Mason was transferred to the regular army, and after the war was lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Cavalry. The Fifth was hurried to Harper's Ferry, soon after the Bull Run defeat, and from there to Washington, where they started 984 strong. In the three battles of Mechanicsville on the 26th, Gaines' Mills on the 27th, and Charles City Cross Roads on June 30th, the regiment lost 18 killed, 115 wounded and 103 prisoners. Capt. Robert W. Sturrock was killed on the 27th, shot through the head. He had enlisted in April as a private. Lieutenant Riddle, of Company F, and Adjt. Mason were wounded. Riddle was taken prisoner. Capt. Trout resigned in January, 1862; Sturrock took his place, and when he was killed Capt. J. A. McPherran was in command, and he was promoted to major May 7, 1864. A. G. Mason, first lieutenant Company F, was pro- moted to adjutant. A. Percival Shaw was promoted to first lieutenant, J. W. Means was, in 1862, promoted to lieutenant in the regular army. Lieut. William Riddle resigned in May, 1863, to accept promo- tion as major and aid on the staff of Gen. Reynolds.
Sixth Reserve-Thirty-fifth Regiment .- April 22, 1861, Capt. W. H. H. Gore, with his "Northern Invincibles," and Capt. Daniel Bradbury, with his company, the "Towanda Rifles," left Towanda for Harrisburg, reaching that place May 2, and formed the nucleus of the Sixth Reserve Regiment. They had failed to get into the three months' service. June 22 the regiment was organized and the field-officers elected : W. Wallace Ricketts, colonel ; William M. Penrose, lieutenant-colonel ; Henry J. Madill, major. Lieut. Henry B. Mckean, adjutant; R. II. McCoy, quartermaster; Charles Bowers, surgeon, and Z. Ring Jones, assistant-surgeon. A very succinct history of this command was given by Maj. Gore at the regimental monument dedication on the field of Gettys- burg, September 2, 1890. Afterstating the formation of the regiment he said : "After the disastrous battle of Bull Run, a call was made on Governor Curtin for troops, and the Reserves were rushed to Wash- ington ; the Sixth was the first regiment to arrive, and was mustered into the United States service July 27, 1861, and sent to Tenallytown, Maryland. While in this camp over one-half of the regiment was stricken with typhoid fever, greatly retarding the efficiency of the regiment. While in this camp the Reserves were formed in three brigades; the Sixth with the Ninth, Tenth and Twelfth formed the Third Brigade. October 9, 1861, the division was moved across the river into Virginia, and went into camp near Langley.
"December 20th, the Third Brigade and First Rifles fought the battle of Drainesville-gained the first victory for the Army of the Potomac.
" March 16, 1862, they broke camp, and marched to the vicinity of
.
229
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
Hunter's Mills, then back to Alexandria. In the meantime Col. Ricketts and Lieutenant-Colonel Penrose had resigned, and their places were filled by Wm. Sinclair as colonel, and H. B. Mckean as lieutenant-colonel. The quartermaster also resigned, and A. A. Scuder was appointed.
"The division was attached to McDowell's corps, and in April marched to Manassas, Collett's Station, thence to Fredericksburg. In June they were on transports, and went down the Rappahannock, up the York and Pamunkey rivers to White House, and were attached to the Fifth Army Corps. The Sixth was halted at Tuntall Station to guard the road and keep open the communication with the front. While here, Col. Sinclair joined us, and assumed command; the left wing of the regiment was sent to White House to guard the stores ; the Seven- Day battle opened at Mechanicsville, and the regiment was cut off from the main army, and, after destroying the vast accumulation of stores, was taken by boat via Fortress Monroe and James river to Harrison's Landing, where they were joined by the balance of the division. The Sixth Regiment was here transferred to the First Brig- ade, which now consisted of the First, Second, Sixth, Ninth and Buck- tails.
"The next move was by boat from Harrison's Landing to Aquia Creek, thence by rail to Fredericksburg, thence by way of Kelly's Ford to Warrenton, where they joined Pope's army, and took an active part in the battle of Second Bull Run. Falling back with the army to Washington, they marched through Maryland to South Moun- tain, and in that battle was on the extreme right of the army, and was attached to the First Corps; at this battle and Antietam the regiment met with severe loss, especially in officers. Maj. Madill was now promoted to the colonelcy of the One Hundred and Forty-first P. V., and Capt. Ent was promoted to major.
"In November the march was again resumed, ending at Fredericks- burg, where, on the 13th of December the regiment, in connection with the balance of the Reserves, made the most gallant charge of the war.
" Our losses here were greater than any other battle we ever fought ; we were but a handful left for duty, and the Reserves were ordered to Washington and vicinity to rest and recruit; the Sixth was sent to Fairfax Station, where it remained until June, 1863, when it again joined the army-was attached to the Fifth Corps and marched for this historic field ; and here, on this ground, where we are dedicating this monument, we aided in fighting the battle of Gettysburg. Mov- ing with the Army of the Potomac, marching and skirmishing, we finally went into winter quarters at Bristoe Station. In the meantime Col. Sinclair had resigned and field offices were filled by promoting Ent to colonel, Dixon to lieutenant-colonel, and Gore to major.
"In the spring of 1864, they took in all the fighting under Gen. Grant, through the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River to Bethesda Church, doing their full share of the work in that arduous campaign, ending their services with the brilliant victory of Bethesda Church.
230
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
" And now, comrades, I have briefly sketched the history of your regiment, its marches and hardships, its gallant fighting; it never disgraced itself ; there were other regiments as good as yours, but none better. We have met here to-day to dedicate this shaft as a monu- ment of your valor, but your history will be a monument that will last as long as the American nation exists, and until after those stones shall have crumbled into dust."
This page of history is carved in the granite column that stands on the field of Gettysburg :
FRONT, WEST SIDE. 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, 35th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 5th Corps.
SOUTH SIDE. July 2d, in the evening, charged from the hill in the rear to this position, and held it until the afternoon of July 3d, when the Brigade ad- vanced through the woods to the front and left, driving the enemy and cap- turing many prisoners.
Drainsville, Peninsular Campaign, Groveton, 2d Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness. Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotamy, Bethesda Church.
EAST SIDE. Recruited in Bradford, Columbia, Dauphin, Tioga, Susquehanna, Snyder, Wayne, Franklin, and Montour Counties.
Total enrolment, 1050.
OFFICERS. MEN.
Killed and died of wounds,
2
107
Died of disease, .
72
Wounded,
19
286
Captured or missing,
2
61
23
526
Total casualties, 549.
NORTH SIDE. Mustered in May 28th and June 11th, 1861. Mustered out June 11th, 1864. Present at Gettysburg 25 officers, 355 men. Killed and died of wounds, 3 men. Wounded, 1 officer and 20 men.
The monument stands a short distance to the right of Little Round Top, facing toward the enemy's lines, on grounds now owned by Mr. Frank Althoff, but at the time of the battle it was owned by Joseph Sherfy, the owner of the Peach Orchard. The wheat field in front, where the desperate charges were made, is now the property of the Battle-field Memorial Association. At the left, on a giant boulder, on the summit of Little Round Top the bronze statue of Gen. Warren rises in bold relief as the masterly strategist that planted the
231
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
Maltese Cross in advance of the enemy on the rugged heights where Vincent, O'Rouke, Hazlet and Weed fell, and rescued the key of the position from the grasp of the enemy.
Twelfth Reserve-Forty-first Regiment .- Had one full company from this county, Company C, Capt. Richard Gustin, commissioned, June 11, 1861, promoted to lieutenant-colonel, April 6, 1863; Henry S. Lucas became captain, April 6, 1863; mustered out with regiment; Daniel R. Jewell, promoted to first-lieutenant May 14, 1863; Oscar Templeton, second lieutenant, resigned August 10, 1861; Jacob B. Grantier, promoted to second lieutenant September 8, 1861, resigned August 11, 1862 ; John G. Rahm, promoted to lieutenant, May 1, 1863. The command was mustered in August 10, 1861, and at once started to Harper's Ferry, when their route was changed to Tenallytown. Their first engagement, their baptism in fire, was at the opening battle of Drainsville, where it held the left line, and was exposed to heavy firing. In 1862, when Mcclellan was calling for troops, this command joined him and was in his campaign, and in Pope's campaign. July 12, 1862, Col. Hardin was wounded in battle and the command of the regiment devolved upon Capt. Gustin and so fought in the battle of South Mountain. April 6, 1863, he was promoted to lieutenant-col- onel of the regiment, and was in command until Col. Hardin was able to return. The regiment was mustered out at Harrisburg, June 11, 1864.
Fiftieth Regiment, P. V .- Had two companies from Bradford county, and Edward Overton, Jr., of Towanda, major. Organized September 25, 1861, and. from Harrisburg. proceeded at once to Washington. Following is the record of the two Bradford companies :
COMPANY G.
NAME.
RANK.
DATE OF MUSTER.
REMARKS.
Wm. H. Telford.
Captain Aug.
8, '61 Cap. May 12, 1864-pr. to Lt. Col. Feb. 8, 1865-mus. out to date, July 30, 1865.
Chas. Forbes
Sept.
'61 Pr. from Cor. to Sgt .- to 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt., April 29. 1865-to Capt., May 12, 1865-cap. May 12, 1864-Vet .- mus. out with company July 30, 1865.
Michael McMahon Fred R. Warner.
'61 Died at Hilton Head, S. C .. Nov. 20, 1861.
Henry J. Christ.
Feb. 29, '64 Pr. from Private, Co. K, Dec. 11, 1864.
John P. Kinney
1st Serg Sept.
Aug. 8, '61 Pr. to 1st Lt., U. S. Signal Corps, Mar. 3, 1863. '61 Pr. to 1st Sgt., May 1,1865-Vet .- wd.July 30, 1864-com. 2d Lt., May 1, 1865-not Sept. mus .- mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. '61 Discharged on Surg. certificate, Nov., 1862-disability, disease.
Ethan B. Powell
H. C. Alderson.
Serg'nt. Sept.
'61 Mustered out with company, July 30, 1865 -Vet .- captured May 12, 1864.
Henry Scott.
Sept.
'61 Pr. from Musician-mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865-Vet .- wounded June 7, 1862-captured May 12, 1864.
Philip Carland.
¥
Sept.
'61 Pr. from Private-mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865 -- Vet.
1st Lt. Sept.
Sept. 6, '61 Pr. from 1st S. t., Co. D, Feb. 15, 1862- mus. out Oct. 3, 1864.
Chas. F. Cross
232
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
COMPANY G-CONTINUED.
NAME.
RANK.
DATE OF MUSTER.
REMARKS.
Henry Blend
Serg'nt
Sept.
'61 Pr. from Private, May 1, 1865-Vet .- mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865-wd. May 9, 1864.
Edgar Roberts
Merwin Higgins
Sept. 24, '61 Wounded June 18, 1864-disch. on Surg. Sept. '61 cert., Dec. 15, 1864-Vet. Captured May 12, 1864-died Dec. 10, 1864-Veteran.
Wm. Spalding.
Simon Russell.
Sept. Sept.
'61 Transferred to U. S. Cav., Oct. 28, 1862- wounded Sept. 1, 1862.
Henry C. Camp
Sept. '61 Transferred to U. S. Cav., Oct. 28, 1862.
Chauncy V. Bassett. A. S. Blackman.
Sept. '61 Died at Beaufort, S. C., Dec., 1861.
James W. Birney
Corpor' Sept. '61 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865-Vet .- wd. Sept. 17, 1862, Nov. 19, 1863, June 3, 1864, Aug. 19, 1864.
Theodore Lewis
Sept.
'61 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865-Vet .- captured May 12, 1864.
George N. Chaffee ..
Sept.
'61 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865-Vet .- captured May 12, 1864.
Alexander Spalding .. . Jas. Morrison.
Sept. '61 Mus. out to date, July 30, 1865-Vet.
Sept. '61 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865-Vet .- captured Aug. 30, 1862.
Chas. M. Heilman. Joseph H. Taylor.
Feb. 24, '64 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865.
C. B. Vandermark
Mar. 30, '64 Pr. to Cor., May 1, 1865-mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865-cap. May 12, 1864.
Thomas Gillett.
Sept. '61 Killed May 12, 1864-Vet.
Edgar E. Spalding
Sept. '61 Disch. on Surg. certificate, Dec. 11, 1862 -disability.
James Lewis.
Sept. '61 Discharged on Surg. certificate.
Daniel M. Reed
Sept. '61 Killed Sept. 1, 1862.
Wm. Hurst.
Sept. '61 Killed Sept. 17, 1862.
Joseph H. Atkins.
¥
Sept. '61 Disch. on Surg. certificate, Dec. 10, 1862. '61 Transferred to U. S. Cav., Oct. 28, 1862. 15, '64 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. '61
David Reifsnyder.
Mus'cn. Mar. Sept.
Allen, Chas. H.
Private. Mar. 23, '64 Captured May 12, 1864-mustered out with company, July 30, 1865.
Arnold, Robert.
Sept. 17, '61 Mus. out, Sept. 29, 1864-exp. of term.
Avery, Samuel
Mar. 26, '64
Ames, Samuel.
Mar. 14, '65 Substitute.
Bennett, Asa B
Brown, Chas. H.
Mar.
8, '64 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865.
Buckingham, G. W
Mar. 16, '65 Sub .- mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865.
Brown, Chas. T.
Mar. 11, '65 Sub .- dis. by G. O., July 10, 1865.
Babcock, Asa E.
Sept. 17, '61 Mus. out, Sept. 29, 1864-exp. of term.
Brink, Leonard M.
Sept. 24, '61 Mus. out, Sept. 29, 1864-exp. of term. Mar. 8, '64 Cap. May 12, 1264-died Nov. 8, 1864.
Birney, Newton. Burton, Jolın.
66
Mar.
3, '65 Substitutc.
Boughton, John S.
Sept. '61
Ball, Jacob L.
Sept. '61 Disch. on Surg. certificate, Sept., 1862.
Bennett, James
Sept. '61 Killed Sept. 17, 1862.
Bailey, Wm
Sept. '61
Cook, Joseph.
Mar. 31, '64
Sept. '61 Captured May 12, 1864-died at Wilming- ton, Del., March 9, 1865.
Bare, Benjamin
Sept. 21, '64 Drafted-dis. hy Gen. Order, June 1, 1865.
Ammon, John.
Mar. 25, '64 Disch. on Surg. certificate, Nov. 5, 1864.
Wm. F. Carey
Sept.
Jas. Gillson.
Mar. 30, '64 Pr. to Cor., May 1. 1865-mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865.
'61 Died of disease, Kentucky, Covington.
Sept. '61 Dis. on Surg. cert .- disability, Nov., 1862.
233
HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.
COMPANY G-CONTINUED.
NAME.
RANK.
DATE OF MUSTER.
REMARKS.
Carrigan, Wm ..
Private,
Mar. 3, '65 Sub .- mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865.
Cannon, Thos. K.
Sept. 20, '64 Drafted-dis. on Surg. cert., Feb. 14, 1865. Mar. 26, '64 Killed May 12, 1864.
Cramer, Chas.
..
Mustered out to date, July 30, 1865.
Carmichael, Daniel.
Mar. 2, '65 Substitute.
Comstock, Alonzo ....
Sept. '61 Tr. to Eng. Corps, U. S. A., Oct. 28, 1862.
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