USA > Pennsylvania > Bucks County > History of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, from the discovery of the Delaware to the present time, Vol. I > Part 7
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The population on the Delaware, at Penn's arrival, mostly Dutch and Swedes, and a few Finns, was estimated at three thousand. It rapidly increased. In all of 1682, twenty-three ships arrived, loaded with immigrants, and before the end of the next year, over fifty vessels came freighted with passengers. By this time, societies were formed at Frankfort-on-the-Main. Louisberg, Bremen, Inbec, and other places in Germany, to open trade and send immigrants to Penn- sylvania. The guiding spirit of this movement was Pastorius, of the free city oi Windsheim, who brought over a number of German immigrants, in October,
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HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
1683, and settled them at Germantown. The full fruits of the German move- ment will be seen in subsequent chapters.
The legislative branch of the new government was to consist of two house? both elective by the people, the upper one of three members from each counts. and the lower of six. Penn said to the settlers, "you shall be governed by law . of your own making, and live a free, and, if you will, a sober and industrious people."
At the first provincial assembly held at Philadelphia, in March, 1683, 2 number of acts were passed necessary to put Penn's government in operation. The country was divided into three counties, Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester. and their boundaries fixed, those of Bucks beginning "at ye river Delaware, at Poaquesson creek, and so to take in the Easterly side thereof, together with ye townships of Southampton and Warminster, and thence backwards." The county was not called Bucks until some time after its boundaries were estab- lished. In a letter to the Free Society of Traders, written August 6th, 1683. six months after it had been formed, William Penn calls it "Buckingham." The name "Bucks" probably gradually grew into use in contradistinction to Buckingham. The boundary between Bucks and Philadelphia, which then in- cluded Montgomery, was about the same as we now find it. On the 23d of March the Council ordered that the seal of Buck- County be a "Tree and Vine." A house of correc- tion was ordered for each county, 24x16 feet, that for Bucks being located at Bristol. The poor. who received relief from the county with their families. were obliged to wear the letter P. made of red or blue cloth, with the first letter of the name of the place they inhabited, in a conspicuous place upon the shoulder of the right sleeve. In that day, it seems the unfortunate poor had no rights the au- thorities were bound to respect. At the same ses- BUCKS COUNTY SEAL. sion several sumptuary laws were passed, fore- shadowing the desire of the new Commonwealth t regulate personal matters between men. The county conrt was authorized to fix a price on linen and woolen cloth : justices were to regulate wages of ser- vants and women ; a meal of victuals was fixed at seven pence half-penny, and beer at a penny a quart : the price of flax was fixed at Sd. per pound, and hemp at 5d. By act of 1684. flax, hemp, linen and woolen, the product of the county. were received in payment of debts. Each settler of three years was to sow a bushel of barley, and persons were to be punished who put water in rum.
Marking cattle was a subject that early engaged the attention of the new law-makers west of the Delaware. Ear marks of cattle were recorded in Uplan 1 court as early as June, 168t, before the arrival of William Markham. As there were but few enclosures, and the cattle were turned loose to graze in the woods. it was necessary each owner should have a mark, to distinguish his own from his neighbor's. The law obliged every owner to have a distinctive mark, and the alteration by another was a punishable offence. These marks were entered in a book kept for the purpose in the Register's office. In this county Phineas Pemberton, the Register, prepared a book" and entered therein the ear and brand marks of the early settlers. The registry was begun in 1684, and all
18 This curious old record belonging to the Register's office, Doylestown, has been deposited in the Pennsylvania Historical Society for safe keeping.
HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
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are in his hand writing but the last one, and all but a few were entered that wear. It contains the names of one hundred and five owners of cattle in Bucks county. The first entered is that of Mr. Pemberton, and reads, "The marks of :: cattle P. P. the 10, 6-mo., 1684." Among others is the entry of the earmarks of William Penn's cattle, as follows :
"William Penn Proprietary and gournr of Pennsilvania And Territorys [ hereunto belonging."
"His Earmarke Cropped on both Eares."
"His Brandmarke on the nearror Sholder."
W P PG
Below there is the following entry :
"Att the fall of the yeare 1684 there came a long- bodyed large young bb cow with this earemarke. She was very wild, and, being a stranger, after publication, none owning her, James Harrison, att the request of Luke Brind- ley. the Rainger, wintered her, and upon the 23d day of the ;th month, 1685, sd cow was slaughtered and divided, two thirds to the Gournr. and one third to the Rainger, after James Harrison had had 60 lbs of her beef, for the wintering of her att jof." (10 shillings sterling.) In only one in- stance is the number of cattle owned by a settler stated in the record, that of Phineas Pemberton : "one heifer, one old mare, one bay miare, one horse some- what blind, one gelding. one red cow."
We insert the following engravings of earmarks as fair samples of the whole number, and belonging to families now well known in the county.
ANTIIONY BURTON.
WILLIAM YARDLEY.
HENRY PAXSON.
THOMAS STACKHOUSE.
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JOIIN EASTBOURN.
F
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HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
The following are the names of the owners of cattle in Bucks county, 1081. according to the entry in the original record : Phineas Pemberton, John Acker- man, Thomas Atkinson, Samuel Allen, William Biles, Nicholas Walne, Thomas Brock, G. Wheeler, Joshna Boare, Daniel Brinson, James Boyden, Jeremiah Langhorne, Jolin Brock. Randall Blackshaw, H. Baker, George Brown, Lyonel Britton. Edmund Bennet, Charles Brigham, Job Bunting. Walter Bridgman. William Brian, Henry Bircham, William Buckman, Anthony Burton, Stephen Beaks, Charles Biles, William Biles, Jr., Abraham Cox, Arthur Cook. Philip Conway, Robert Carter, Thomas Coverdell. John Cowgill. John Coates, Ed- mund Cutler. William Crosdell. John Crosdell, Edward Doyal. Thomas Dun- gan, William Dungan, Samuel Dark. William Dark. Thomas Dickerson, An- drew Ellot, Joseph English. John Eastbourn, Joseph Ffarror, Dan. Gardner. Joseph Growden, John Green, Joshua Hoops, Thomas Green, Robert Lucas, Edmund Lovet, Giles Lucas. John Lee. Richard Lundy, James Moone, Henry Margerum, Joseph Milner. Hugh Marsh, Ralph Milner, John Otter. John Palmer, Henry Paxson, William Paxson, James Paxson, Ellenor Pownal. John Pursland,19 or John Penquoit, Henry Pointer, Richard Ridgway. Francis Ros- sell, Thomas Rowland, John Rowland. Thomas Royes or Rogh, Edward Stan- ton, William Sanford, Thomas Stakehouse, Henry Siddal. Jonathan Scaife. Thomas Stakehouse, Jr .. John Smith, Stephen Sands, William Smith. John Swift, Thomas Tuneclif, Israel Taylor. John Town, Gilbert Wheeler. Shad- rack Walley, John Webster, William Wood. John Wood. Abraham Wharley. Peter Worral, Thomas Williams, William Yardley. Richard Wilson, Jolin Clark, William Duncan. David Davids, William Penn and John Wharton.
19 Probably Purslone or Pursland, afterward changed to Purcel and Pursel.
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CHAPTER V.
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SOME ACCOUNT OF EARLY SETTLERS.
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1682 TO 1685.
Holme's map .- Townships seated .- Some account of settlers that followed Penn .- Ann Milcomb. John Haycock, Henry Marjorum, William Beaks, Andrew Ellot, Thomas Janney, John Clows. George Stone, Richard Hough, Ann Knight, John Palmer, William Bennett, John Hough. Randall Blackshaw, Robert Bond, Ellis Jones, Jacob Hall, Sarah Charlesworth, Richard Lundy, Edward Cutler. David Davis. James Dillworth, Peter Worrell, William Hiscock, Christopher Taylor, George Heathcote, John Scarborough, Thomas Langhorne. . Thomas Atkinson, William Radcliff. James Harrison, Phineas Pemberton. Joshua Hoops, and Joseph Growden.
Thomas Holme commenced a survey of the west bank of the Delaware soon after his arrival, in 1681. and in 1686 or 1687 published his map of the Province, in London, giving the land seated. and by whom. Of what is now Bucks County this map embraced Bensalem. Bristol. Falls, Middletown. South- ampton. Northampton, the two Makefields, Newtown, Wrightstown, Warwick, and Warrington. There were more or less settlers in all these townships, and their names are given, but the major part were in those bordering the Delaware. Some of the names, doubtless, were incorrectly spelled, but cannot now be corrected. Among them are found the names of some of the most influential and respected families in the county, which have resided here from the arrival of their ancestors, now nearly two centuries and a quarter. Several who pur- chased land in the county never lived here, others not even in America, which accounts for their names not appearing on our records. At that early day not a single township had been organized. although the map gives lines to some nearly identical with their present boundaries. All beyond the townships of Newtown, Wrightstown, Northampton and Warrington were terra incognita. lonel Mildway appears to have owned land farther back in the woods, but of him we know nothing. The accuracy of Holme's map may be questioned. James Logan says when the map was being prepared in London, Holme put down the names of several people upon it to oblige them, without survey of land before or afterward, but other parties were permitted to take up the land. This accounts for some names of persons being on the map who were never known to have owned land in the county.
More interesting still, than the mere mention of the names of the settlers, is a knowledge of whom and what they were. and whence and when they came.
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MAP.OF BUCKS
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JARSEY
Reduced from HOLME'S " Map of the Improved part of the Province of Pennsylvania." With the names of the Original Purchasers from
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HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
We have already noticed those who preceded William Penn, and came with him in the Welcome, now we notice those who arrived about the same time, or soon afterward, and previous to 1684,1 viz. :
Ann Millcomb, widow, of Armagh, Ireland. arrived in the Delaware, Ioth month, first. 1682, with her daughter Mary, and servant Francis Sanders, and settled in Falls. There was an Ann Milcomb living in the county about this time, whose daughter Jane married Mauris Liston, August 8, 1685, and settled in Kent County on Delaware. .
John Haycock, of Shin, county Stafford, farmer, arrived 7th month, 28th, t682, with one servant, James Morris, settled in Falls, and died November 19, 1683.
Henry Marjorum, County Wilts, farmer, arrived 12th month, 1682; with him, wife, Elizabeth ; had a son born September 11, 1684.2
William Beaks, of the parish of Baskwill, in Somerset, farmer, came with Marjorum, and settled in Falls. He brought a son, Abraham, who died in 1687.
Andrew Ellot, salter, of Smallswards, in Somerset, his wife Ann, and John Roberts and Mary Sanders, arrived in the Factor, of Bristol.
Thomas Janney, of Stial, Cheshire, farmer, and wife Margery, arrived 7th month, 29th. 1683, and settled in Lower Makefield. He brought children, Jacob, Thomas, Abel and Joseph, and servants. John Nield and Hannah Falk- ner. He was a preacher among Friends, and returned to England in 1695, where he died February 12. 1696, at the age of 63. He was several times in prison for his religious belief.214
John Clows. of Gawsworth, Cheshire, yeoman, Margery his wife, and chil- dren Sarah, Margery and William, and four servants, arrived with Thomas Janney and settled in Lower Makefield. He was a member of Assembly, and died, 168S. .
George Stone, of Frogmore, in Devon, weaver, arrived in Maryland, 9th month, 1683. and came to the Delaware the following month, with a servant, Thomas Duer. He was Stone's nephew and complained of him in 1700, for not fulfilling his agreement.
Richard Hough. Macclesfield. Cheshire, chapman, arrived 7th month, 29, 1683. with servants, Hannah Hough, Thomas Woods, and Mary his wife, and James Sutton. He settled in Lower Makefield, and married a daughter of John Clows the same year. He became a prominent man in the Province; repre- sented this County several years in the Assembly, and was drowned in 1705. on his way down the river to Philadelphia to take his seat. When William Penn heard of it, he wrote to James Logan, "I lament the loss of honest Richard Ilough. Such men must needs be wanted, where selfishness and forgetful- ness of God's mercy so much abound." The original name del Hoghe, Norman French, was changed to Hough in the sixteenth century.21:
Ann Knight arrived in a ship from Bristol. Captain Thomas Jordan. 6th month, 1682, and 4th month 17th, 1683. was married to Samuel Darke.
I It must be constantly; borne in mind that all these dates are old style, the year commencing the 25th of March.
2 Some account of the Marjorum family may be found in Lower Makefield, where they settled, and are still represented in both the male and female lines.
214 See Janney, Vol. III, this work.
212 See Hough, Vol. III, this work.
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HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
John Palmer, of Yorkshire, farmer, arrived 9th month, Ioth, 1683, with his wife Christian, and settled in Fall's.
William Bennet, of Hammondsworth, in Middlesex, yeoman, and his wife Rebecca, arrived November, 1683, and settled in Falls. He died March 9th. 16S4. An Edmund Bennet settled in Northampton, and married Elizabeth Potts, Ioth month. 22d, 1685, and his name is also among those who settled in Bristol township.
John Hough, of Hough, county of Chester, yeoman, Hannah his wife, with child John, and servants. George and his wife Isabella, and child George, Nathaniel Watmaugh and Thomas Hough arrived 9th month, 1683. What connection, if any, there was between him and Richard Hough is not known.
Randall Blackshaw, of Holinger, in Chester, and wife Alice, arrived in Maryland, 4th month, 1682, and came to Pennsylvania with child Phoebe, Irth month, 15th, 1682. His wife came with the other children, Sarah, Jacob, Mary, Nathaniel, and Martha, and arrived 3d month, 9th, 1683. One child, Abrahan, died at sea, 8th month, 2d. 1682. He brought several servants, some with fam- ilies, and settled in Warwick. In the same vessel came Robert Bond, son of Thomas, of Wadicar hall, near Garstang, in Lancashire, about sixteen years old. He came in care of Blackshaw and settled in Lower Makefield : died at James Harrison's, and was buried near William Yardley's. The following persons came at the same time in the Submissive :
Ellis Jones, of county Denbigh, in Wales, with his wife and servants of William Penn, Barbara, Dorothy, Mary, and Isaac: Jane and Margery, daugh- ters of Thomas Winn, of Wales, and mother ; Hareclif Hodges. a servant : Lydia Wharmly, of Bolton: James Clayton, of Middlewich, in Chester, black- smith, and wife Jane, with children, James, Sarah, John, Josiah and Lydia.
Jacob Hall, of Macclesfield, in Chester, shoemaker, and Mary his wife. arrived in Maryland 12th month, 3d, 1684; came afterward to the Delaware. where his family arrived 3d month, 28th, 1685. He brought four servants. Epliraim Jackson. John Reynolds, Joseph Hollingshead, and Jonathan Evans.
Sarah Charlesworth, sister-in-law of Jacob Hall, came at the same time. with servants, Charles Fowler, Isaac Hill, Jonathan Jackson, and James Gib- son. John Bolshaw and Thomas Ryland, servants of Hall, died in Maryland. and were buried at Oxford. Joseph Hull, William Haselhurst, and Randolph Smallwood, servants of Jacob Hall, and Thomas Hudson, who settled in Lower Makefield, arrived 3d month, 28th, 1685. Other servants of theirs arrived July 24th, and still others in September. Among them were William Thomas. Daniel Danielson and Van Beck and his wife Eleanor.
Richard Lundy, of Axminster, in Devon, son of Sylvester, came to the Delaware from Boston, 3d month, 19th, 1682. He settled in Falls and called his residence "Glossenberry." He married Elizabeth, daughter of Will an: Bennet, August 26, 1684 .. His wife came from Longford, in the county of Middlesex, and arrived in the Delaware, Sth month, 1683.
Edmund Cutler, of Slateburn, in Yorkshire, webster, with his wife Isabel. children Elizabeth. Thomas and William, and servants, Cornelius Netherwoo ... Richard Mather and Ellen Wingreen, arrived Sth month, 31st. 1685. He was accompanied by his brother. John Cutler and one servant, William War He: also James, son of James Molinex, late of Liverpool, about three years of age. who was to serve until twenty-one. John Cutler returned to England, on a visit, 1688.
David Davis, surgeon, probably the first in the county, son of Richard, ci Welshpool, in Montgomery, arrived 9th month, 14th, 1683. and settled in
HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
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Middletown. He married Margaret Evans, March 8th, 1686, died the 23d, and was buried at Nicholas Walne's burying place.
James Dillworth, of Thornbury, in Lancashire, farmer, arrived 8th month, 22d, 1682, with his son William and servant Stephen.
Edward Stanton, son of George, of Worcester, joiner, arrived Sth month, 10th, 1685.
Peter Worrell and Mary. his wife, of Northwich, in Chester, wheelwright, arrived in the Delaware Sth month, 7th, 1687.
William Hiscock settled in Falls before 1685, and the 23d of roth month, same year, he was buried at Gilbert Wheeler's burying ground. His will is dated the 8th.
Christopher Taylor, of Yorkshire, arrived in 1682. He was a fine classical scholar, and a preacher among the Puritans until 1652, when he joined the Friends, and suffered much from persecution. He was of great assistance to William Penn, and he and his brother Thomas wrote much in defence of Friends in England. He was a member of the first Assembly that met at Ches- ter, in December. 1682. and died in 1696. He was the father of Israel Taylor. who hanged the first man in Bucks county. He settled in Bristol, but took up a traet of five thousand acres in Newtown toward Dolington. He had two sons. Joseph and Israel, and one daughter, who married John Buzvy.
George Heathcote, of Rittilife, in Middlesex, was settled in the bend of the Delaware above Bordentown before 1634. He was probably the first Friend who became a sea-captain, entering the port of New York as early as 1661, and refused to strike his colors because he was a Friend. He was imprisoned by the governor of New York in 1672 because he did not take off his hat when presenting him a letter. He sailed from New York in 1675, and was back again the following year. In 1683 he was fined in London for not bearing arms. He followed the sea many years, and died in 1710. His will is on file in New York city. By it he liberates his three negro slaves, and gave five hun- dred acres of land. near Shrewsbury, New Jersey, to Thomas Carlton, to be called "Carlton Settlement." He married a daughter of Samuel Groom, of New Jersey, and left a daughter, who married Samuel Barber, of London, and two sisters. In 1679 Captain Heathcote carried Reverend Charles Wooly home t .: England, who does not give a flattering account of the meat and drink fur- 1.i-hed by the Quaker sea-captain, and says that they had to hold their noses when they ate and drank, and but for "a kind of rundlett of Madeira wine" the governor's wife gave. it would have gone worse with him."
John Scarborough, of London, coachsmith, arrived in 1682, with his son John, a youth, and settled in Middletown. He returned to England in 1684. to bring his family, leaving his son in charge of a friend. Persecutions against the Friends ceasing about this time, and his wife,-who was not a member, not caring to leave home, he never returned. He gave his possessions in this county to his son, with the injunction to be good to the Indians from whom he had received many favors. Paul Preston, of Wayne county, has in his possession a trunk that John Scarborough probably brought with him from England. On the top, in small. round .brass-headed nails, are the letters and figures: I. S.
Ellen Pearson, of Kirklydam, county of York, aged fifty-four, arrived in
Ann Peacock, of Kilddale. county of York, arrived in the Shield with John Chapman and Ellen Pearson, in 1684.
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HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
Abraham Wharley, an original settler, removed to Jamaica in 1688, and! died the next year. Nathan Harding also returned to England.
Thomas Langhorne, of Westmoreland, arrived in 1684. He had been frequently imprisoned, and in 1662 was fined £5 for attending Friends' meet- ing. He represented this county in the first Assembly ; was the father of Chei Justice Jeremiah Langhorne, and died October 6, 1687. Proud styles him "an emminent preacher." Ile settled in Middletown.
Thomas Atkinson, of Newby, in Yorkshire, became a Friend in early life. and was a minister before his marriage, in 1678. He arrived in 1682 with wife Jane and three children, William, Isaac and Santuel, settled in Northampton township and died October 31st, 1687.
James Radcliff probably born in Lancashire, was imprisoned as early as his fifteenth year for his religious belief ; came to America in 1682, and settled in Wrightstown. He was a preacher among Friends, and died about 1690.
Ruth Buckman, widow, with her sons Edward, Thomas and William, and daughter Ruth, arrived in the fall of 1682, and lived until the next spring in a cave made by themselves south of the village of Fallsington. The goods they brought were packed in boxes, and weighed nearly two thousand pounds. It is not known whether her husband was related to William Buckman who settled in Newtown.
Among the immigrants who arrived about the same time, but the exact date cannot be given, were William and James Paxson, from the parish of March Gibbon in Bueks; Ezra Croasdale, Jonathan Scaife, John Towne, John Eastbourn, Yorkshire, Thomas Constable and sister Blanche and servant John Penquite, Walter Bridgman from county Cornwall, and John Radcliff, of Lan- caster. Edward and Sarah Pearson came from Cheshire and Benjamin Pearson from Thorn, in Yorkshire.
Jantes Harrison, shoemaker, and Phineas Pemberton, grocer, Lancashire. were among the most prominent immigrants to arrive, 1682. They sailed in the ship Submission from Liverpool, 6, 7 mo, and arrived in Maryland 2, 9mo. being 58 days from port to port. Randall Blackshaw was among the passeli- gers. Pemberton, son-in-law of Harrison, brought with him his wife Phoebe. and children, Abigail and Joseph, his father. 72, and his mother SI. Mrs. Har- rison accompanied her husband with several servants and a number of friends. Leaving their families and goods at the home of William Dickinson at Chop- tank, Md., they set out by land for their destination near the falls of Delaware. On reaching the site of Philadelphia, where they tarried over night, not being able to get accommodation for their horses, they had to turn them out in the woods, and not finding them in the morning, the new immigrants had to go up to the falls by water. They stopped at William Yardley's, who had already be- gun to build a home. Pemberton concluding to settle there, bought three hun- dred acres, which he called "Grove Place." They returned to Maryland where they passed the winter, and came back to Bucks county with their families in May, 1083. Harrison's certificate from the Hartshaw monthly meeting, gives him an exalted character, and his wife is called "a mother in Israel."
James Harrison was much esteemed by William Penn, who placed great reliance on him. Before leaving England Penn granted him five thousand acres of land, which he afterward located in Falls, Upper Makefiekl, Newtown and Wrightstown. He was appointed one of the Proprietary's Commissioners of property, and the agent to manage his personal affairs. In 168; he was made one of the three Provincial judges, who made their circuit in a boat, rowed by a boatman paid by the Province.
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HISTORY OF BUCKS COUNTY.
Pemberton probably lived with Harrison for a time, but how long is not Known. He owned the "Bolton farm," Bristol township, and is supposed to have lived in Bristol at one time. He married l'hobe Harrison a few years Wwfore leaving England, and had nine children in all, but only three left issue: Israel, who married Rachel Kirkbride, and Mary Jordan, James who, married Hannah Lloyd. Mary Smith and Miss Morton, and Abigail, who married Stephen Jenkins. Israel became a leading merchant of Philadelphia, and died in 1754. Of ten children, but three survived him: Israel, who died in 1779; James in 1809, and John in 1794, while in Germany. Phineas Pemberton was the first clerk of the Bucks county courts, and served to his death. No doubt the P'embertons lived on the fat of the land. His daughter Abigail wrote him in 10)7, that she had saved twelve barrels of cider for the family, and in their letters frequent mention is made of meat and drink. In one he speaks of "a goose wrapped up in the cloth, at the head of the little bag of walnuts." which he recommends them to "heep a little after it comes, but roast it, get a few grapes, and make a pudding in the belly." Phineas Pemberton's wife died in 1696, and he March 5th, 1702, and both were buried on the point of land opposite Biles' island. James Logan styles him "that pillar of Bucks county," and when Penn heard of his death he writes : "I mourn for poor Phineas Pem- berton, the ablest. as well as one of the best men in the Province." He lived in . good style ; had a "sideboard" in his house, and owned land in several townships.
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