USA > Pennsylvania > Dauphin County > History of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania > Part 3
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Each year, the Chiefs of the Five Nations went to the Caro- linas, where were situated immense hunting grounds, and these, returning with peltries, found need of a good trading post. The
I7
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
keen eye of Harris, the white man, looking out over these forests and streams and beautiful plains, saw and knew that it was the proper location, and that William Penn, the founder of Pennsyl- vania, did well to contemplate the building "a city on the Susque- hanna."
At the period referred to, the lands between the Conewago and the Kittochtinny, or Blue mountains, had not been purchased from the Indians. Of course, neither John Harris nor the. Scotch-Irish settlers could locate except by the right of squatter sovereignty or as licensed traders. As a trader, it could only be with the permission of the Indians.
Harris's first move was the erection of a store-house, which he surrounded by a stockade. It was located on the lower bank of the river, at about what is now the foot of Paxton street. A well dug by him still exists, although covered over about fifty years ago, the old pump stock having become useless and the platform dangerous. A mound or hillock about one hundred feet southeast of the grave- yard denotes the spot. "For almost a century," in the language of the late David Harris, "this well supplied a large neighborhood with water, which was exceedingly cool and pleasant to the taste." Adjoining his cabin were sheds for the housing of peltries obtained by traffic, which at stated periods were conveyed to Philadelphia on pack-horses.
The careless manner of keeping and preserving the records of Lancaster county, for one hundred and fifty years, prevents the his- torian giving much concerning the early settlement. Were the com- plete assessment lists in existence from 1730 up, positive information could be obtained as to date of settlement. It is known, however, that many of the early Germans and Scotch-Irish left this section of the country and located in Maryland, Virginia and the Caro- linas.
Following the advent of the trader, as emigration to Penn- sylvania increased it pressed on towards the banks of the Susque- hanna. The first "assessment list," for what was subsequently Lan- caster county is that of "Conestogoe" township, Chester county, for the year 1718. As many of the names in the organization of town- ships and counties belonged eventually to Dauphin county, the entire list is here given. At the period mentioned the number of "resi- dents taxable" was one hundred and twenty-nine, and the amount of tax levied £40. IOS. I I-2d.
18
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
CONESTOGOE RATE-1718.
English Inhabitants. Tax. English Inhabitants. Tax.
s.
d.
s. d.
Francis Warley
I2
6
Andrew Mason 2
6
John Cartliedge
IO O
Joseph Hickman
7
6
James Hendricks
5
0
Daniel Cookson IO
O
James Letort
I2 6 Thomas Clark
3
9
James Patterson
5
O
William Clark
2
O
William Sherrel
2
6
Stephen Atkinson
4
O
John Hendricks
2
6
Morgan Jones
2
6
Collum Macquair 3
9
Edmund Cartledge
5
O
Thomas Baldwin
3
9
John Harris 12
O
Thomas Gale
3
9
David Preece 12
O
Alexander Bense
3
9
Robert Middleton I2
0
John McDaniel
I
9
Richard Grice 12 O
Richard Carter
3
9
Nathaniel Christopher 12
O
John Linvill
3
9
Thomas Perrin 12
O
Robert Wilkins
2
O Samuel Birchfield
12 O
John Ffarer
5
O William Ludford I2
O
John Grist
I
William Hughes
6
3 James Davis
I2
O
Peter Basillion
IO 0 Evan Evans
12
O
John Combe
7
6
Thomas Jones
12
O
Joseph Roe
I
3
Dutch Inhabitants. Tax.
Dutch Inhabitants. Tax.
s.
d.
s.
d.
Martin Kundig
12
6
Henry Berr
2
6
Martin Milin
5
0
Michael Bowman
3
0
Christian Heer
IO
O Hance Bugholder 2
6
John Haer IO
O Hance Neicomer
I 6
Wendall Bowman
3
6 Melchior Prenaman
4
6
Jacob Miller II
3 George Kendrick
2
0
Joseph Steman
2
6 John Natts, jun.
I
3
Daniel Harmer
8
9 Michael Shank, jun 2
O
John Miller
3
9 John Natts, sen
I
3
John Funk
6
0 Henry Ffunk
2
6
Henry Carpenture
7
6 Benjamin Wilmer
2
5
Henry Hayne
5
3 Hance Henry Neff. 5
O
Peter Bellar
5
9 Ffelix Landus
5 O
Daniel Ffiere 8
9 Jacob Kundrick, Jun
5 O
John Ffiere
6
3 John Fframe I
9
Philip Pfiere
6
3 Charley Christopher I
9
Isaac Lefevre
7
6 Woolrick Howry I
3
Richard Davis
5
0 Stoffal Prenaman I
9
Thomas Ffalkner
5
6 Jacob Hoober
I
3
O Jacob Landus 2 6
Christopher Ffranciscus
7
0 Michael Miller 2 6
Benedictus Venrick
3
3 Thomas Wilkin 12
0
19
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
John Milen
6
3
Christian Stone
2
6
Hans Haure
3
0
Isaac Ffrederick & Son.
5
0
John Taylor
2
6 Jacob Kundrick IO 0
Martin Berr
2
6 Jacob Landus, jun
I
6
Imanuel Heer
5
0 Martyn Boyer
I 9
Henry Kundic & Son
5
0
Hance Boyer
I
9
Jacob Moyer
5
O John Boman
I
O
Hans Stiff
I
6 Benedictus Brachbill II
3
Hanse Keague
I
6 Christian Shank
5
6
Jacob Griter
5
0 Michael Shank, sen 3
9
Jacob Highstetter
3
9
John Shank
2
9
John Wilmer
2
6 Rudey Moyer
3
O
Andrew Koffman
3
O Hans Brand
2
6
Isaac Koffman
3
9
Hans Graff, jun
7
6
John Broakpather, jun
7
6 Hans Graff, sen 3
5
O
Jacob Broakpather
3
9
Yorey Ebeys
6
6
Peter Swaor
I
3
Hans Currick Moyer I
3
Abraham Heer
8
9 Christian Shaus
3
3
Melchior Arisman
2
6 Hans Weaver
3
3
Christian Hearse & Son.
5
O
Woolrick Hource
John Toup
2
6 Peter Laman
William Penn, the first proprietor, died in England in 1718, and his son Thomas continued in his minority until 1731; Richard, his other son, until 1732. In this interval the land-office was closed, so that during that time warrants and patents were not regularly granted by the commissioners of property for transferring lands to applicants. To further the settlement of the then Province within that period, tickets signed by one of the commissioners of property, or by the secretary of the land-office, came into practice. The old rule being once relaxed, greater liberties were taken by the · people, and emigrants from abroad often seated themselves on vacant lands without permission, and made valuable improvements.
No man of his times was greater in debt than William Penn, and finally he was obliged to mortgage his Province, and was confined in Fleet Prison, England, for these debts. Necessity then compelled him to sell lands at a very low figure, for cash. It was also with much good sense of propriety that he desired his lands to be settled, which would further advance the price of the remainder he held. This with his annual interest would soon free him from the curse of debts honestly contracted.
It is said William Penn made two visits to the Susquehanna river, and was up as far as the Swatara creek, and contemplated founding a city somewhere on the river. His last visit was in the spring of 1701, and it is believed the towns on the Popple map were all inhabited about this time and later. They differ from
9
John Broakpather
6
3
Peter Yorte
20
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
those given in the Colonial Records, probably because the French map-makers got their names from the Iroquois, who often gave their own names rather than that of the residents.
The Swahadowri will be recognized as Swatara; Ganadaguhet as Conedoguinet, and Chemegaide, we think, should be Chenie- gaide, and means the Juniata. We have found the word spelled Sogneijadie, Chuchniada, Choniata, Chinniotta, Joniady, Scokoon- idy, and many other ways. The root of the word is the Iroquois term Oneija or Onia, meaning a stone. The first part, now written with a j, is only a breathing of some of the Iroquois dialects, which the English often designated by letters such as the above, but which the French seldom expressed, as, for example, the French made the Iroquois call the Governor of Canada "Onnontio," while the Eng- lish mostly wrote it "Yonnondio." The Onojutta-Haga, or Juniata nation, were the people of the Standing Stone. There can be no doubt but that Indian towns were located on Duncan's island, at the mouth of that river, at the different epochs in Indian history. Rev. David Brainerd visited the "pagans" on "Juneauta island" in September of 1745. It may also have been the site of Atra'kouaer in 1654.
Of John Harris, Sr., his great-grandson relates that he was once offered by the Penns all the land from the western shore of the Susquehanna to Silver Spring, and extending from the Cum- berland valley, from mountain to mountain, for five thousand pounds sterling. He offered three thousand five hundred pounds, refusing to give more. At his death he owned about nine hundred acres of land, including the present site of Harrisburg; also two hundred acres on the opposite shore, mostly owned by the late Judge Hummel and including the old ferry-landing and General Simpson's place below Yellow Breeches creek, extending to the South moun- tain, including Shreiners island; and between seven and eight hun- dred acres at the mouth of Conodoguinet creek, on the upper side, once the site of an Indian town.
Concerning the remarkable coolness and presence of mind of Esther, wife of John Harris, the great-grandson gives the follow- ing: "The mansion house, situated on the river bank, was sur- rounded by a stockade, for security against the Indians. An English officer was one night at the house, when by accident the gate was left unfastened. The officer, clothed in his regimentals, was seated with Mr. Harris and his wife at the table. An Indian entered the gate of the stockade and thrust his rifle through' one of the port- holes of the house, and, it is supposed, pointed it at the officer. The night being damp, the gun simply flashed. Instantly Mrs. Harris
2I
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
blew out the candle to prevent the Indian aiming the second time, and he then retreated."
John Harris, founder of Harrisburg, was in religious faith an Episcopalian, although he contributed generously to the Pres- byterian (Paxton) church, that under the pastorship of Rev. John Elder. The following laughable incident may serve to show one of the traits of pioneer Harris character :
Upon one occasion Thomas Rennox, a leading elder of the Paxton church, in company with Mr. Harris, attended a match at "Bullet Playing" (a favorite pastime, long since forgotten) of which they were both very fond. Presently the players perceived Parson Elder coming on his way to Derry church, when Rennox hid behind a large tree. When the parson came up, he perceived Mr. Harris, who had "stood his ground." "Well," said the good parson to Harris, "of all men in my congregation I am most sur- prised to see you here," and then proceeded to give him a severe but good natured lecture on the evil he saw in such games. After he had finished and was about to depart, Mr. Harris turned around and called out, "Thomas Rennox, come out here;" whereupon the deacon made his appearance, and also received a sound lecturing from his minister.
ORIGINAL LETTER OF JOHN HARRIS JR. :- (VERBATIM.)
"Paxton April 30, 1757.
"Sir: I sent you Butter with -X- * Hambright last Command w'ch I hope you Received safe. I Shall Endeavor to Procure another Crock for you against next trip. I forwarded you all the Letters you Sent me by *
* * to Lancaster Immedi- ately & Cap'n M'Kee was going to Philada. from there, & took them with him, so that there was not the Least Delay. Mr. West wrote me this week that there was an English Packet arrived at An- tigua W'ch left Spithead the 26th of Feb'ry. -x- * * that there was laying there 200 Transports, Storeships, Etc, with 16 Sail of the Line Commanded by Admiral Knowles, which were to sail in a few days for North America (God send them quick and Safe Pas- sage) there is actually arrived at Ft. Cumberland 126 Catwoba warriers & 50 or 60 other Indians & a number more Expected who Seems Hearty in our Cause. I Expect they'll pay our Cruel Ene- mys in their own Coin this Sumer.
"I am Sir in Hase your most obed't Humble Serv't.
"JOHN HARRIS."
"To Major James Burd
att Fort Augusta."
22
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
William Penn's manner of dealing with his subjects and the Indians won for him a name that shall ever be a part of the history of our country, as well as a credit to himself. Among the numer- ous "Articles of Concession," framed by him for his Province, Article XIII reads as follows :
"That no man shall, by any way or means, in word or deed, affront or wrong any Indian, but he shall incur the same penalty of the law as if he had committed it against his fellow-planter, and if any Indian shall abuse, in word or deed, any planter of this Prov- ince, that he shall not be his own judge upon the Indian, but he shall make his complaint to the Governor of the Province, or his Lieu- tenant, or Deputy, or some inferior Magistrate near him, who shall to the utmost of his power, take care with the King of said Indians, that all reasonable satisfaction be made to the said injured planter."
Again the inducements Penn offered were not confined to right of soil or voice in government, but religious toleration was guar- anteed by him. The laws of liberty, as framed by him and passed by the first Assembly of Chester, December 10, 1682, were as fol- lows :
"CHAPTER II. Almighty God being only Lord of conscience, Father of Lights and Spirits, and the author as well as object of all Divine knowledge, faith and worship, who can only enlighten the mind and persuade and convince the understanding of people; In due reverence to His Sovereignty over the Souls of mankind;
. "Be it enacted, That no person, now, or any time hereafter, living in this Province who shall confess and acknowledge one Al- mighty God to be the Creator, upholder, and Ruler of the world, and who professes him or herself obliged in conscience to live peace- ably and quietly under the civil government, shall in any case be molested or prejudiced for his or her conscientious persuasion or practice. Nor shall he or she, at any time, be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever, con- trary to his or her mind, but shall freely and fully enjoy his or her Christian liberty in that respect, without any interruption or reflec- tion. And if any person shall abuse or deride any other for his or her different persuasion and practice in matters of religion, such person shall be looked upon as a disturber of the peace, and be pun- ished accordingly.
"But to this end that looseness, irreligion, and atheism may not creep in under pretense of conscience in this Province: Be it further enacted, etc. : That according to the example of the primitive Christians, and for the ease of the creation, every first day of the week, called the Lord's day, people shall abstain from their usual
23
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
and common toil and labor, that whether masters, parents, children, or servants, they may the better dispose themselves to read the ' Scriptures of truth, at home, or frequent such meeting of religious worship abroad as may best suit their respective persuasions.'
And thus Pennsylvania soon became the known refuge and true home of people of all creeds or religious faith. The foregoing was one of the first laws of the Province, and durng the lifetime of the great and wise Founder, the liberty of conscience was not ques- tioned. At a later day, however, his religious adherents would have throttled toleration, had they not feared revolution.
Following the English settlers came the Germans, and, follow- ing them several decades later, came the Scotch-Irish, which means not Irish blood, but Scotch religionists who were of the rigid Pres- byterian faith, who were compelled to leave Scotland and settled in the north of Ireland. So greatly were these people persecuted that more than eighteen thousand were put to death in various ways in defense of their religious convictions. Taxation and other oppres- sion, no doubt, were the motives which about two centuries ago induced the Scotch-Irish to leave Ireland, and many found a home in the New World and obtained lands in Pennsylvania, New Eng- land and the older settled southern states.
The emigration began prior to 1718, although few in number, and, in illustration of the commencement of Scotch-Irish settlement in America, we herewith give the "memorial to Governor Shute, of Massachusetts, from residents in the North of Ireland." This article is important in this connection, from the fact that the greater number of the signers subsequently found homes in Paxton, Han- over, and Derry, of this county.
"To His Excellency, the Right Honorable Collonel Samuel Shute, Gover- nour of New England.
"We, whose names are underwritten, Inhabitants of ye North of Ire- land, Doe in our own names, and in the names of many others our Neighbours, Gentlemen, Ministers, Farmers, and Tradesmen, Commissionate and appoint our trusty and well-beloved Friend, the Reverend Mr. William Boyd, of Ma- casky, to His Excellency the Right Honorable Collonel Samuel Shute, Gov- ernor of New England, and to assure His Excellency of our sincere and hearty Inclination to Transport ourselves to that very excellent and renowned Plan- tation, upon our obtaining from His Excellency suitable encouragement; and, further, to act and Doe in our names as his Prudence shall direct. Given un- der our hands this 26th day of March, Anno Dom. 1718.
24
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
"James Teatte, V.D.M.
Thomas Cobham, V.D.M.
James Laidlay.
Robert Houston, V.D.M.
Benjn. Galt.
Daniel Todd.
Robert Barr.
John Porter, V.D.M.
Hugh Holmes.
Hen. Neille, V.D.M.
Tho. Elder, V.D.M.
James Thomson, V.D.M.
William Kerr,
Will. McAlben.
Yahou Anderson. George Groge.
Andrew Dean.
Alexander Dunlop, M.A.
Arch. McCook, M.A.
Alexr. Blair.
Yeatter Fulton.
Robert Wear.
Alex. Donaldson.
Peter Thompson.
Richard McLaughlin.
John Muar.
James Petty.
William Jameson.
David Bigger.
William Agnew.
David Patterson.
Jeremiah Thompson.
John Wright.
John Mitchell.
Joseph Wright.
James Paterson.
Robt. Willson.
George Curry.
James Ball.
David Willson.
Andrew Cud.
Patrick Anderson.
James Nesmith.
John Gray. James Gregg.
Patrick Orr.
Alexr. McBride, Bart.
Sam. McGivorn.
William Orr.
John Hurdock.
John Orr.
Samuel Wilson, M.A.
Robert Miller.
Thomas Wilson.
George Mclaughlin.
William Wilson.
James Brice.
Arch. Douglass.
Francis Ritchie.
Mirian Pattison.
Robert Boyd.
James Thompson.
Hugh Tarbel.
John Thompson.
Robert Thompson.
Adam Thompson. Alex. Pattison.
Samuel Boyd.
Lawrence McLaughlin. John Heslet. George McAlester.
Thomas Ramadge.
Robt. Giveen.
Robert King.
John Black.
Peter Christy.
James Smith.
Patrick Smith.
Samuel Ceverell.
James Craig.
David Tarbel.
John Robb.
Gawin Irwin.
B. Cochran.
William Galt.
Robert Stiven.
Robt. Henry.
John Lamont.
Bonill Orr.
Geo. Campbell.
James Sharswood.
John Mclaughlin.
James Henry. Thomas Ramsey.
John Black. John Thompson.
Thomas Dunlop.
John Willson. David Willson.
John Moor.
Robert Higinbotham, V.D.M. William Leech, V.D.M.
25
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
James Campbell.
James McKeen.
John Smith.
Richard Acton.
James Claire.
Jeremiah Claire.
Jacob Clark.
Abram Baberly.
Stephen Murdock.
Robert Murdock.
John Murdock.
William Jemison.
James Rodgers.
Alex. Kid.
Thomas Hines.
Will. Halkins.
Randal Alexander.
George Anton.
Thomas Boyd.
Hugh Rogers.
John Craig.
William Boyle.
Benj. Boyle.
Ja. Kennedy.
William Boyd. Hugh Orr.
Robert Johnston. Thomas Black.
Peter Murray.
Andrew Fleming.
George Thomson.
John Boyd.
Andrew Dunlap.
James Ramsey.
William Park.
Thomas Mclaughlin.
John Blair. James Thompson.
Lawrence Mclaughlin.
Will. Campbell.
James Bankhead.
Andrew Patrick.
John Galbraith.
Wm. Laird. John Gray. John Woodman ( ?). Andrew Watson. Wm. Blair. Joseph Blair. Hugh Blair. William Blait Samuel Anton. James Knox. Robert Hendry.
David Lindsay. James Acton. Samuel Smith. Andrew Dodge. James Forsaith. James Lemey. John Leslie. John Lason. John Calwell. Samuel Watt.
James Crawford. David Henderson. David Wilborn.
Luke Watt. Mathew Storah ( ?). Robert Hendre. William Wallace.
Thomas Wallace.
Thomas Crouch.
William Boyd.
William Christy.
John Boyd.
M. Stirling.
Samuel Ross.
John Ramsay.
John McKeen. James Willson.
Robert McKeen.
James Brouster.
James Baverlan. Peter Simpson.
Robert Boyd. Andrew Agnew. James King. Thomas Elder. Daniel Johnston. Robert Walker. David Johnston. James Stewart. John Murray. Thomas Blackwell. Thomas Wilson. John Ross. William Johnson. John King. Andrew Curry. Samuel Code. John Jameson.
26
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
John Cochran.
Samuel Ouston.
Thomas Shadey.
William Duncan.
William Kerr. Thomas Moore.
David Duncan.
John Murry.
Andrew Watson.
James Gillmor.
John Thomson.
Samuel Gillmor.
Alex. Cochran.
Hugh Stockman.
Ed. McKene.
Andrew Cochran.
John Mordah.
James Carkley.
James McFee.
Lawrence Dod.
James Johnson.
Sanders Mear.
George Anton.
John Jackson.
James Anton.
James Curry.
George Kairy.
James Elder.
Thos. Freeland.
Adam Ditkoy.
Thomas Hunter.
Daniel McKerrell.
John Buyers.
Hugh Kenedy.
John Sweney.
Adam Dean.
Robert Lamond.
Robert Knox.
William Wilson.
James Grow.
James Alexander.
James Nesmith.
David Craig.
Will. McNeal.
Richard Etone.
Wm. Caldwell.
Matthew Lord.
James Moore, jr.
Alex. McGregore.
Samuel Gunion.
Alex. McNeall.
Samuel McMuir.
Joseph Watson.
Henry Caldwell.
Robert Miller.
Thomas Mclaughlin.
John Smiley.
James Morrison.
Hugh Caldwell.
Robert Walker.
William Boyd. John Stirling.
William Walker. Samuel Hunter.
Robert Knox.
James Trotter.
James Morrison.
Joseph Beverlan.
Robert Craig. John Thompson. Hugh Thompson. James Still. James Hoge.
Robert Roy. James Etone.
Thomas Etone.
Samuel Hanson. James Cochran. James Hilton. Thomas Haseltone. John Cochran.
Robert Smith.
James Black.
Thomas Grow.
Thomas Ouston.
Mr. Paterson.
John Clark.
Thomas McFaden.
David Hanson. Thos. Orr.
Robert Hoog. John Millar.
James Walker.
Wm. Caldwell.
Samuel Smith. John Lamond. Samuel Young. Alex. Richey.
John Knox. William Hendry.
James McKerrall.
Thomas Lowie.
27
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
Thomas Hanson. John Hanson.
William Cochran. John Hunter."
Extensive emigrations from the northern counties of Ireland were principally made at two distinct periods of time. The first from about the year 1717 to the middle of the century, the second from about 1771 to 1773. They were Protestants, generally Pres- byterians,-few or none of the Roman Catholic Irish came until after the war of the Revolution, and few then until after the great political upheaval in 1798, since which period, as we all know, the flow of the latter class of immigrants has been continuous.
The Scotch-Irish emigrants landed principally at New Castle and Philadelphia, save a handful who had settled on the Kenne- bec, in Maine, and of these the greater portion eventually came into Pennsylvania. Settling on the frontiers from Easton to Sus- quehanna, and the Potomac, the stream of immigration continued south to Virginia and the Carolinas.
The country north of the Swatara had not been visited save by French Indians prior to the coming of William Penn. After his first visit he seems to have been well informed concerning this locality and personally visited it, and at or above the mouth of the Swatara decided to locate a city, and the following proposals were issued therefore in 1690. It is easily understood why the project was never carried out. The careful reader of Pennsylvania history will readily comprehend the peculiar conditions surrounding the founder. His government of his Province was giving him serious concern. The material composing his Assembly was of that stub- born, self-willed character that little could be done, and he had as much as he could do in the preservation and fostering of those enterprises he had already begun.
All but about five hundred acres of this large manor was taken up by Germans. Many of the Scotch-Irish had settled a dozen years. prior to its survey and the privilege granted them to take out war- rants. Applications were made at once, but many years rolled by before any warrant came and frequently the right was transferred by one to another through purchase ere right in the soil was secured from the land office. We give elsewhere the record of such war- rants. Many who secured the original warrants sold within a few days thereafter a portion of their land to their neighbors or rela- tives, as an examination of deeds will evidence. Many of those for whom twenty-five or fifty acres are warranted were for lands adjoin- ing their own lands. There will no doubt be a surprise to our read- ers at the absence of names of individuals who it is well known
28
HISTORY OF DAUPHIN COUNTY
were early settlers. This is due to the fact that deeds were given by the proprietaries to the "original purchasers" and others of large tracts of land, giving simply the names of the counties and sometimes the manors in which they were located. These persons sold to many of the early settlers, and although the latter were really the persons entitled to the original warrants, yet through either being relieved from quit-rent or perchance purchasing on more favorable terms, their deeds to the soil came not through the land office, but through speculators. Hence, the date of the warrant is far from the date of actual settlement. One thing, however, should be said in favor of the proprietaries-they never attempted to collect interest beyond the date of purchase from the Indians, but of those who had already made improvements, a higher price was fixed for land and for quit- rents.
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