USA > Pennsylvania > Delaware County > History of Delaware county, Pennsylvania, from the discovery of the territory included within its limits to the present time > Part 47
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Besides the very recent alluvial deposits of mud and sand along the margin of the river, which will require no particular notice, we have two distinct deposits of clay, gravel, and sand, of different ages, resting unconformably on the rocks that have been noticed,-the strata of the solid rocks having generally a dip ap- proaching to vertical, while the distinctive lamina of these more recent beds do not vary much from horizontal. On the Geological map of the State survey one of these deposits is designated as "diluvium," the other has neither been laid down on the map nor noticed in the text. It need hardly be mentioned that both deposits were formed when the spots they occupy were submerged, consti- tuting the bottom of a body of water of no great depth.
The beds of one of these deposits occupy a portion of the eastern part of the County above what has been called the "water shade," (and which might with no impropriety be termed the " ancient river terrace,") while those of the other are spread over nearly the whole space between the base of this terrace and the river, the exception being on the margins of streams, where its loose materials have been removed.
It was not till about fifteen years ago that any such difference was observed by me between these upper and lower beds as would suggest a difference in their age, and the conditions under which they were deposited. Such a differ- ence does, however, exist, and it is of a character to elicit speculations in respect to the remote geological condition of this section of country, and its passage from that condition to its present, of the highest interest.
In their general aspect the deposits have no striking difference, except the one nearest the river presents a larger proportion of clay beds, and the quality of the clay is much superior, being generally of the kind known as " brick clay."
A close examination of the upper beds of gravel will show that the materials composing them (mostly quartz) have been derived from the oldest rocks. No such particular examination of these beds has been made as to justify a positive denial of the existence in them of matter derived from rocks of a later formation, but it may be asserted with confidence that if such matter does exist, it is in excessively minute proportions. Of the upper beds, only the very remnants remain. To such a great extent have they been washed away, that they are only found of any great thickness, at a few high points in the district of country over which they are spread, such as Sandy Bank near Media, and the Presbyterian meeting-house in Marple. For a considerable space along the margins of the streams throughout the whole district, all, or nearly all of this deposit has been washed away ; the soil there being formed from the decomposition of the under- lying rocks in place.
Now, the lower beds, instead of being free from pebbles of the later rocks, in some places abound in them. These are mostly from the disintegration of sand- stone rocks ; and among them, water-worn blocks of sandstone of a considerable size are frequently found. It is not difficult to point to the parent rock, that by its disintegration, furnished the sandstone pebbles and water-worn blocks to these lower beds, but it is not so easy to explain why a supply of the same materials was withheld from the gravel beds of the upper deposit.
But one explanation has occurred to the author, and that rests upon the suppo- sition that this section of our continent was gradually upheaved from its former submerged condition. When the upper beds were formed, no disintegration of the sandstone rocks had occurred, or if it had, there was no current to transport the resulting materials in the direction of the upper beds. They therefore necessarily consist of the disintegrated materials of the older rocks upon which they rest, or of the same class of rocks found in the immediate vicinity.
413
GEOLOGY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
A further upheaval of the land followed, perhaps somewhat paroxysmal in its character, that placed the upper beds out of reach of all currents, but leaving the country occupied by the lower beds still under water, and at the same time subjecting the sandstone rocks north of us to disintegration. A current was established that swept over these rocks, and in its course over the southeastern front of the County, (which still remained submerged,) and carried with it these more distant disintegrated materials. to be mingled with the accumulated waste- age of the rocks in the vicinity. The presence of the pebbles in these lower beds is not the only evidence of this current and its direction. The water-worn blocks of hard sandstone are larger and more numerous in the vicinity of Phila- delphia, than they are in the vicinity of Darby. Still lower down they are again smaller, and probably disappear before we reach the circular line, where even gravel beds are scarce.
Another upheaval in its turn placed these lower beds above water. Whether it was gradual or sudden can only be a matter of conjecture, but there is unmis- takeable evidence. that this upward movement did not cease till the land was higher above the water than the position it now occupies. Unmistakeable evidence also exists that there has been a subsidence in the land constituting the southern margin of the County, and there are those who believe that this subsi- dence, however slow it may be, is still in progress.
The proof of this subsidence rests upon a fact not generally known, and was only brought to the knowledge of the author within a few years past. This fact is the existence of the remains of an ancient cedar swamp on the marsh of Tini- cum Island that would now be under tide-water but for the meadow banks. The white cedar, (Cupressus thyoides, Michx.) as is well known, only grows with vigor in sphagnous swamps that are abundantly supplied with spring water. There is proof at hand to show that this ancient swamp was once provided with all the conditions necessary to insure the thrifty growth of its cedars. Internal terrestrial forces had adapted the land to their growth. Planted by the hand of nature, they grew and flourished for ages. A subsidence of the land ensues ; they are overwhelmed by the tide, die out, and but for the almost miraculous durability of their timber, not a vestige of these once stately trees would remain to mark the place of their growth. As it is, but a few stumps and a few trunks are visible at the surface, but doubtless many more are buried in the marsh.
The relics of this swamp was pointed out to me by Sketchley Morton, Esq., of Springfield, who informed me that his attention had been called to it by his father many years since.
Nearly all the accounts we have of the fort built on Tinicum Island by Gov. Printz, represent (in the English translation) that it was built of Hemlock logs. This is unquestionably a mistake, as no hemlock, beyond a few scattering, stunted trees, ever grew in this part of the country, and none in the vicinity of Tinicum. It has occurred to me, that at the time Printz came to this country, large numbers of the cedar logs of this ancient swamp were lying on the sur- face of the mud, and that this early Swedish fortress was built of these logs. It will be remembered that the fort accidentally took fire and was burned, a circumstance very likely to happen, if built of cedar logs after they had become dry ; but hemlock logs rot before they dry sufficiently to ignite. Part of the old Ferry-house, at Darby Creek Ferry, within a few hundred yards of the site of the ancient Cedar Swamp, and erected in 1694, is built of white cedar logs, which are still in a perfect state of preservation. Another very old house in the imme- diate neighborhood is built of the same timber. It is not probable that the timber for these humble edifices was brought from distant places in Jersey at that early day, and the fact of their construction out of cedar is almost conclu- sive that there was no scarcity of cedar logs strewed on the surface near the spot where the trees had grown. Such logs are still often encountered in digging the marsh ditches in this vicinity.
414
GEOLOGY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
MINERAL LOCALITIES OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
QUARTZ. (Common.) Abundant throughout the mica slate districts of the County. LIMPID QUARTZ. Upper Darby, near the Howard House.
SMOKY QUARTZ. Upper Darby, near the Garrett Road Toll-gate, and also near Kellyville School-house.
BLUE QUARTZ. Radnor, near the Friends' Meeting-house, and also near Evans' School-house.
FERRUGINOUS QUARTZ, found in the honeycomb stone that accompanies the ser- pentine : most abundant in Middletown.
AMETHYST. Aston, near Village Green ; and Upper Providence, near the Rock House.
GREEN QUARTZ. This mineral is found at Blue Hill, in small aggregated masses of crystals, some having perfect terminal faces ; also in radiated masses. CHALCEDONY. Found mostly in the honeycomb rock of the serpentine, in Marple, Middletown, &c.
JASPER. Found as the next above; generally of a yellow color, and sometimes striped. It is most abundant in Middletown.
DRUSY QUARTZ. Found as the next above.
CORUNDUM. Near the Black Horse Tavern, in Middletown.
FELDSPAR. (Common.) Abundant throughout the County, in large granitic veins ; of a white color in Birmingham, near the circular line, where it has been quarried and used for making porcelain ; also on Thos. Rees' farm, near Blue Hill ; of a green color, at Mineral Hill, in Middletown ; of a flesh color, at the old Molybdena mine, on Chester Creek, above Upland. MOONSTONE. Mineral Hill, in Middletown.
LIMESTONE. (Compact Magnesian.) Radnor, near Morgan's Corner.
(Crystalline Primary.) At the old quarry in Birmingham.
MICA. Generally distributed throughout the County. It has been found in large pieces in Aston, Upper Darby, and Haverford ; in low prisms in Con- cord; and of a deep rich black color in Middletown, near the Black Horse Tavern; of a green color, at the old mine, above Upland, on Chester Creek.
BUCKHOLDZITE. Birmingham township.
BERYL. In large granitic veins, in the quarries of Chester and Ridley town- ships ; also in Springfield and Upper Darby.
CHLORITE. In nodules from the trap rocks of Upper Darby, where it is granu- lar. It is also found adjacent to several of the exposures of serpentine, where it is slaty. Near Glen Riddle it is scaly.
RUTILE. Edgmont township, in quartz.
KYANITE. Darby Creek Ferry, where specimens of great beauty have been ob- tained ; above the Post road, opposite to the Ferry, where it composes a large proportion of a micaceous rock ; on the farm of Mrs. Pritchett, in Haverford, where it is associated with stanrotide in mica slate, and near Darby, on Mount Zion Hill.
STAUROTIDE. In Haverford, as mentioned in the next above; and also in the same township, east of the Friends' Meeting-house, in decomposed mica slate with garnets.
ANTHOPHYLITE. In great abundance near Henry Hipple's, in Marple, and at Castle Rock. Prof. Booth regards this mineral rather as Diallage rock. It is found laminated or stratified in Radnor. This mineral is also found near the old lime-kiln in Newtown.
ACTYNOLITE. Generally found associated with serpentine; in Middletown, near the Black Horse Tavern ; near Blue Hill, in Upper Providence, and in various parts of the serpentine exposure in Marple and Radnor, but not so abundant.
SERPENTINE. See the geological map. It may be found in great variety at an old quarry on the Yellow Springs road. Precious serpentine has been found in this locality.
TREMOLITE. Same localities as actynolite ; and in addition it is found near the old lime-kiln, on the West Chester road, in Newtown.
415
GEOLOGY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
ASBESTUS. That silky variety known as amianthus, is most abundant at Blue Hill. The ligniform variety is most plentiful in Middletown; but the mineral can be obtained in some form at most of the exposures of ser- pentine.
MAGNESITE. At most of the exposures of serpentine, a mineral is found that passes under this name.
TALC. This mineral also abounds in the serpentine or in the subjacent strata. It passes into a kind of soapstone, north of Palmer's mill, in Marple.
PICROLITE. Found at several of the serpentine exposures in the County. In Radnor, near the Yellow Springs road, it is of a dark green color.
ANDALUSITE. In Upper Providence, near the Rock House, and in Springfield, half a mile north of West Dale.
SILLIMANITE. Was found in one of the stone quarries near Chester.
GARNET. Large crystals of this mineral have been found in Middletown, nearly opposite Bishop's mill, with replaced angles. Common garnets of moderate size are found in the quarry of Dr. George Smith, in Upper Darby, and on the Pritchett farm, in Haverford. Those of a small size, in immense numbers, exhibiting the appearance of dark-colored gravel, cover the bed of the road east of Friends' Meeting-house, Haverford.
HORNBLENDE. Near Crum Creek, in Newtown, and at various other places in the County where trappean rocks abound.
PYROPE. In Concord township, on Green's Creek, above Peter's mill-dam.
CHROME ORE. This valuable mineral is found in all the large exposures of serpentine in the County, but only in that of Middletown in sufficient quantities to be worked to advantage. The manner of washing the ore is explained in a note page 411.
BROWN HEMATITE. Found in connection with all the large exposures of ser- pentine.
MAGNETIC IRON. On the Yellow Springs road, in Radnor.
PLUMBAGO. Very impure, is found in the Lawrence road, on the hill west of Langford Run.
SULPHURET OF MOLYBDENA. In an old mine on Chester Creek above Upland.
FERRUGINOUS SULPH. COPPER. Same locality.
BOG IRON ORE. This is found in different deposits of clay throughout the County. Good specimens are found in the clay land north of Darby.
ZOISITE. Found in the broken stone on the Delaware County turnpike, near Abram Powell's dwelling.
PIPE CLAY. At the old lime quarry in Birmingham.
APATITE. Ridley, in Garnet.
SCHORL. Found in large granitic veins, where they occur ; in aggregated masses of crystals northeast of the Rock Honse, in Upper Providence.
OCHREOUS CLAY. This deeply tinged yellow clay is found in the bed of the Delaware River, between flood and ebb tide, just below the Tinicum hotel. This clay is doubtless referred to by Campanius, when he says : "on the shore of Tennakongs, there is found a gamboge which is as good as yellow ochre ; but it is not used in the country, except to color deer skins." p. 51.
SPINELLE. In minute octohedral crystals, at Blue Hill.
1
BOTANY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
The flora of Delaware County agrees so nearly with that of Chester County, and the latter having been so fully displayed by Dr. Darlington in the last edition of his Flora Cestrica, the necessity of including in this work even a catalogue of our plants may be doubted. There is, however, some difference between the floras of the two counties, occasioned chiefly by the tide-water district in this County, and the slate-hills and limestone of Chester County. It was therefore concluded to give a simple catalogue of the Phenogamous, or flowering plants of Delaware County, embracing the higher orders of our Cryptogamous, or flowerless plants, with the localities of some of the more rare species. In arrang- ing the catalogue, Gray's " Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States," (second edition,) has been substantially followed. A few plants have been put in the catalogue on the authority of other persons, and a few possibly may have been included which do not grow in the County, but it is trusted that the list will be found generally correct. To Dr. Thomas P. James of Philadelphia, I am indebted for that part of the catalogue which includes the mosses.
CATALOGUE .*
SERIES I.
PHÆNOGAMOUS OR FLOWERING PLANTS. CLASS I .- DICOTYLEDONOUS OR EXOGENOUS PLANTS. ORDER RANUNCULACEAE.
CLEMATIS, L. Virginiana, (Virgin's Bower.) ANEMONE, L.
Virginiana, L. (Tall Anemone.) nemorosa. L. (Wind-flower.) HEPATICA, Dill. triloba, Chaix. (Liverwort.) THALICTRUM, Tourn.
anemonoides, Michx. (Anemone.) dioicum, L. (Meadow-rue.) Cornuti, L. (Meadow-rue.) RANUNCULUS, L. aquatilas, L. (Floating Crow-foot.) Flammula, L. (Spearwort.) abortivus, L. (Small-flowered.) sceleratus, L. (Cellery-leaved. ) recurvatus, Poir. Pennsylvanicus, L. fascicularis, Muhl. repens, L. bulbosus, L. (Common Butter-cup.) acris, L. (Tall Crow-foot.)
CALTHA, L.
palustris, L. (Marsh Marigold.)
AQUILEGIA, L.
Canadensis, L. (Wild Columbine.)
DELPHINUM, L.
Consolida, L. (Lark-spur.)
HYDRASTIS, L.
Canadensis, L. (Yellow-root.)
CIMICIFUGA, L.
racemosa,; Ell. (Black-snakeroot.)
ORDER MAGNOLIACEÆ.
MAGNOLIA, L.
glauca, L. (Sweet Bay), Tinicum.
LIRIODENDRON, L.
Tulipifera, L. (Tulip-poplar.)
ORDER ANONACEÆ.
ASIMINA, Adans. triloba, Dunal. (Papaw.) Near Dar- by creek, on the farm of the heirs of I. Maris, dec'd, in Mar- ple township.
* Species in italics are naturalized.
+ A remarkable variety of this plant, with finely dissected leaves, has been found growing in Upper Darby. It has not yet been observed to flower.
417
BOTANY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
ORDER MENISPERMACEÆ. MENISPERMUM, L.
Canadense. L. (Moon-seed.) ORDER BERBERIDACEÆ.
CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. thalictroides, Michx. (Pappoose- root.) PODOPHYLLUM, L. peltatum, L. (May Apple.)
ORDER CABOMBACEA.
BRASENIA, Schreber. peltata, Pursh.
ORDER NYMPHEACEA.
NUPHAR, Smith. advena, Ait. (Splatter-dock.) ORDER SARRACENIACEA.
SARRACENIA, Tour. purpurea, L. (Side-saddle Flower.) Tinicum, very rare.
ORDER PAPAVERACEA.
PAPAVER, L.
somniferum, L. (Common poppy.) dubium, L. ) Found occasionally Rhœas, W. fin cultivated fields. ARGEMONE, L. Mexicana, L. (Mexican poppy.)
CHELIDONIUM, L. majus, L. (Celandine.) SANGUINARIA, Dill. Canadensis, L. (Blood-root.)
ORDER FUMARIACEAE.
DICENTRA, Bork.
Cucullaria, DC. (Dutchman's Breeches.)
FUMARIA, L. officinalis, L. (Common Fumitory.)
ORDER CRUCIFERÆ.
NASTURTIUM, R. Br.
pulustre, DC. (Marsh Shores of the Delaware.
Cress.)
CARDAMINE, L. rhomboidea, DC. (Spring Cress.) hirsuta, L. rotundifolia, Michx. (American Water Cress.) DENTARIA, L. laciniata, Muhl.
ARABIS, L. lyrata, L. Canadensis, L. (Sickle-pod.) laevigata, DC. 27
BARBAREA, R. Br. vulgaris, R. Br. SISYMBRIUM, L. officinale, Scop. (Hedge Mustard.) Thalianum, Gaud. canescens, Nntt. SINAPIS, Tourn. alba, L. (White Mustard.) nigra, L. Com. Mustard.) DRABA, L. verna, L. (Whitlow-grass.)
COCHLEARIA, Tourn. armoracia, L. (Horse-radish.)
CAMELINA, Crantz. sativa, Crantz. (Wild Flax.) LEPIDIUM, L. virginicum, L. (Pepper-grass.) campestre, L.
CAPSELLA, Vent. Bursa-pastoris, Mænch. (Shep- herd's Purse.)
ORDER VIOLACEAE.
SOLEA, Ging. concolor, Ging. (Green Violet.)
VIOLA. rotundifolia, Michx. (Round-leav- ed.) lanceolata, L. primulæfolia, L. blanda, Willd. (Sweet white.)
cucullata, Ait. (Common blue.) palmata, L. sagittata, Ait.
pedata, L. On Mica Slate, com- mon. Muhlenbergii, Torr. striata, Ait. pubescens, Ait.
ORDER CISTACEA.
HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. Canadense, Michx.
LECHEA, L.
major, Michx. minor, Lam.
ORDER DROCERACEÆ.
DROSERA, L. rotundifolia, L. (Sundew.) Tini- cum, abundant.
ORDER HYPERIACEA. ASCYRUM, L. Crux-Andreæ, L. (St. Andrew's cross.)
HYPERICUM, L.
perforatum,L. (Common St. John's-
wort.)
corymbosum, Muhl.
418
BOTANY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
adpressum, Barton. mutilum, L. Canadense, L. Sarothra, Michx. (Pine weed.) ELODEA, Pursh. Virginica, Nutt.
ORDER CARYOPHYLLACEAE.
DIANTHUS, L.
Armeria, L. (Deptford pink.) Upper Providence, not uncom- mon.)
SAPONARIA, L. officinalis, L. (Bouncing Bet.) SILENE, L. stellata, Ait. antirrhina, L. AGROSTEMMA, L.
Guthago, L. (Common wheat Coc- kle.) ARENARIA, L. serpyllifolia, L. (Sandwort.)
STELLARIA, L.
media, Smith. (Common Chick- weed.) pubera, Michx. (Great Chickweed.) longifolia, Muhl.
uliginosa, Murr. (Swamp Stitch- wort.) CERASTIUM, L. vulgatum, L. viscosum, L.
oblongifolium, Torr. Abundant on serpentine. arvense, L. nutans, Raf.
ANYCHIA, Michx.
dichotoma, Michx. (Forked Chick- weed.)
MULLUGO, L. verticillata, L. (Carpetweed.)
ORDER PORTULACACEÆE.
PORTULACA, Tourn.
oleracea, L. (Common Purslane.) TALINUM, Adans. teretifolium, Pursh. On serpentine. CLAYTONIA, L. Virginica, L. (Spring Beauty.)
ORDER MALVACEÆE.
SIDA, L. spinosa, L. ABUTILON, Tourn. Avicenna, Gærtn. MALVA, L. rotundifolia, L. (Common Mallow.)
HIBISCUS, L. Moscheutos, L. (Rose Mallow.) Local, Tinicum. Trionum, L. Near Clifton Hall, Insane Hospital, Upper Darby.
ORDER TILIACEÆ.
TILIA, L. Americana, L. (American Linden.) Darby creek, and other streams -rare. ORDER LINACEÆ.
LINUM, L. virginianum, L. (Wild flax.) Bootii.
ORDER OXALIDACEÆ.
OXALIS, L. violacea, L. (Violet Sorrel.) stricta, L. (Yellow Sorrel.)
ORDER GERANIACE Æ.
GERANIUM, L. maculatum, L. (Cranesbill.) Carolinianum, L.
ERODIUM, L'Her. conium.
ORDER BALSAMINACEÆE.
IMPATIENS, L. pallida, Nutt. (Pale Touch-me- not.) fulva, Nutt. (Spotted Touch-me- not.)
ORDER LIMNANTHACEÆE.
FLÆRKEA, Willd. proserpinacoides, Willd.
ORDER RUTACEÆ.
AILANTHUS, Desf. glandulosus, Desf. (Paradise-tree.) ORDER ANACARDIACEAE.
RHUS, L. typhina. L. (Staghorn Sumac.) glabra, L. (Common Sumac.) Copallina, L. venenata, DC. (Poison Sumac.) Toxicodendron, L. (Poison Vine.)
ORDER VITACEÆ.
VITIS, Tourn.
Labrusca, L. (Fox-grape.)
æstivalis, Michx. (Chicken-grape.)
cordifolia, Michx.
419
BOTANY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
AMPELOPSIS, Michx. quinquefolia, Michx. (American Ivy.)
ORDER RHAMNACEÆE.
RHAMNUS, Tourn.
catharticus, L. (Buckthorn.) Up- per Darby-fully naturalized. CEANOTHUS, L. Americanus, L. (Jersey Tea.)
ORDER CELASTRÁCEA.
CELASTRUS, L. scandens, L. (Waxwork.) EUONYMUS, Tourn.
atropurpureus Jacq. (Burning- bush.) Americanus, L. (Strawberry-tree.)
ORDER SAPINDACEÆ.
STAPHYLEA, L.
trifolia, L. (Bladder-nut.) ACER, Tourn.
saccharinum, Wang. (Sugar Ma- ple.) Possibly not a native of Delaware County. rubrum, L. (Red Maple.)
ORDER POLYGALACEÆE.
POLYGALA, Tourn. sanguinea, L.
cruciata, L. (Tinicum, abundant.) verticillata, L. ambigua, Nutt.
Senega, L. (Seneca snake-root.) -In the northwest part of the County-rare.
ORDER LEGUMINOSÆE.
LUPINUS, Tourn.
perennis, L. (Wild Lupin.) Upper Providence and S. Valley Hill. CROTALARIA, L. sagittalis, L. TRIFOLIUM, L. arvense, L. (Rabbit-foot clover.) pratense, L. (Red Clover.) repens, L. (White Clover.) Indi- genous northward. procumbens, L. (Low Hop Clover.) agrarium, L. (Large Hop Clover.) MELILOTUS, Tourn. alba, Lam. Partially naturalized.
MEDICAGO, L.
sativa, L. (Lucerne.) This plant maintains itself where intro- duced. tribuloides, W. In the neighbor- hood of Todmorden-rare.
ROBINA, L. Pseudacacia, L. (Common Locust.) viscosa, Vent. (Clammy Locust.) TEPHROSIA, Pers. Virginiana, Pers. Hills near the Gulf. DESMODIUM, DC. nudiflorum, DC. aeuminatum, DC. rotundifolium, DC. cuspidatum, Tor. & Gray. paniculatum, DC. rigidum, DC. Dillenii, Darlingt. ciliare, DC. viridiflorum, Beck. Marylandicum, Boot. canescens, DC.
LESPEDEZA, Michx. procumbens, Michx.
repens, Tor. & Gray.
capitata, Michx. violacea, Pers. Three varieties. hirta, Ell. Stuvei, Nutt.
STYLOSANTHES, Swartz.
elatior, Swartz. (Pencil-flower.)
VICIA, Tourn. sativa, L. Cracca, L.
LATHYRUS, L. venosus, Muhl.
palustris, L. var. myrtifolius.
PHASEOLUS, L. perennis, Walt. (Wild Bean.) helvolus, L.
APIOS, Boerh. tuberosa, Monch.
AMPHICARPÆA, EIl. monoica, Nutt.
BAPTISIA, Vent.
tinctoria, R. Br. (Wild Indigo.)
CERCIS, L. Canadensis, L. (Judas-tree.) CASSIA, L. Marylandica, L. (Wild Senna.)
Chamæcrista, L. nictitans, L.(Wild Sensitive-plant.)
GLEDITSCHIA, L. triacanthos, L. (Honey Locust.)
ORDER ROSACEA.
PRUNUS, L. Americana, Marsh. (Red Plum.) spinosa, L. (Sloe.) On the lands of the Insane Hospital, Upper Darby. Chicasa, Mich. (Chicasaw Plum.) avium, L. (The original of the English Cherries.)
420
BOTANY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.
vulgaris, Mill. (Pie and Morello' Cherries.) Virginiana, L. (Wild Cherry.)
serotina, Ehrhart. (Black Wild- cherry.)
SPIREA, L. opulifolia, L. (Nine-bark.) Rare. salicifolia, L. GILLENIA, Monch. trifoliata, Monch.
AGRIMONIA, Tourn. Eupatoria, L. parviflora, Ait. SANGUISORBA, L. Canadensis, L.
GEUM, L. Virginianum, L. agrimonioides, Pursh.
POTENTILLA, L. Norvegica, L. Canadensis, L. (Cinque-Foil.)
FRAGARIA, Tourn.
Virginiana, Ehrhart. (Strawberry.) Vesca, L. (Cultivated Strawberry.) RUBUS, L. occidentalis, L. (Com. Raspberry.) villosus, Ait. (High Blackberry.) Canadensis, L. (Dewberry.)
hispidus, L. (Swamp Blackberry.) cuneifolius, Pursh. (Sand Black- berry. ROSA, Tourn. Carolina, L. (Swamp Rose.) lucida, Ehrhart. (Wild Rose.) rubiginosa, L. (Sweet-briar.) CRATAEGUS, L. cordata, Ait. (Washington Thorn.) punctata, Jaq. flava, Ait. (Summer Haw.)
Crus-galli, L. (Cockspur Thorn.) oxycantha, Michx. (English Haw- thorn.) coccinea, L. (Scarlet-fruited Thorn. PYRUS, L. coronaria, L. (American Crab- Apple.) This tree was rather common forty years ago in De- laware County, but is now al- most extinct. arbutifolia, L. (Choke-berry.) Malus, L. (Apple-tree.) communis, L. Pear. AMELANCHIER, Medic. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. (Ser- vice-berry.) CYDONIA, Tourn. vulgaris, Pers. (Quince.)
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