USA > Pennsylvania > Mifflin County > History of Mifflin County : its physical peculiarities, soil, climate, &c. ; including an early sketch of the state of Pennsylvania Volume I > Part 32
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The old rail fences and the post-and-rail fences of the present day must soon cease to exist through this region of Pennsylvania, because of the scarcity of timber. The recent inventions of fenc- ing constructed of barbed wires is fast taking a precedence over the prairie regions of the United States; and we are of the opinion, after an extended personal observation, that barbed wires will soon be the fencing material of America. Its merits are its security, economy, durability and rapidity of construction. To erect a fence of barbed wires, plant a line of box-elder (Acer. Negunda) trees at a distance of twelve to fifteen feet apart, and stretch the wires by their side and attach them to the trees by small wire staples. The wound is so slight, and the vitality of this species of tree so great that no damage is done to its health or longevity. The box-elder is most easily grown, is at home in our soil and climate, a free and symmetrical grower, and not objectionable in any respect.
Timber and Lumber.
In an instrument entitled, "Conditions and concessions agreed upon by William Penn, Proprietary and Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania, and those who are the adventurers and purchasers in the said Province," dated July 11, 1681, and intended as a char- ter of rights to the colonists, the following provision was made in reference to the maintenance of timber supplies, which is fully up to the advanced ideas of modern forestry : " XVIII. That in clear- ing ground care be taken to leave one acre of trees for every five acres cleared ; especially to preserve oak and mulberry for silk and shipping." We are not advised how closely this order was followed, but it is probable that it had no effect, and there is no record of its observance in a single instance. Full returns of the lumber manu- facture of this State were made in 1810, it being the only statistics of that kind that was reported in that year from any State with any accuracy. It affords an item of much historical interest, and in striking contrast with the present day. In 1810 Mifflin county had fifty-four saw mills, and made 1,250,000 feet of lumber.
We find east of the Susquehanna, in the counties of Berks,
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HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
Bucks, Chester, Dauphin, Delaware, Lancaster, Montgomery, North- ampton and Philadelphia, six hundred and forty-nine mills, pro- ducing twenty-three million four hundred and ninety-one thousand one hundred and ninety-eight feet.
On the Juniata River and its head waters (Bedford, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Huntingdon and Mifflin), two hundred and twenty-one mills, making seven million nine hundred and seven thousand three hundred and twenty-two feet.
We find the following woods in this region, and some others, that we are unable to classify :
Botanical Names.
Common Names.
Lirriodendran Tulipifera,
Yellow Poplar.
Asimina Triloba,
Pawpaw.
Tillia Americana,
Basswood.
Esculus Glabra,
Buckeye.
Acer. Sacharinum,
Sugar Maple.
Acer. Dasycarpum,
Silver Leaf Maple.
Acer. Rubrum,
Red Maple.
Negunda Aceroides,
Box Elder.
Cercis Canadensis,
Red Bud.
Gleditschia Tricanthos,
Honey Locust.
Prunus Americana,
Wild Plum.
Prunus Serotina,
Wild Black Cherry.
Cretajeus Cococinea,
Scarlet Thorn.
Cretajeus Tomentosa,
Long-pointed Thorn.
Cretajeus Crusgalli,
Long-spurred Thorn.
Pyrus Coronaria,
Crab Apple.
Cornus Florida,
Flowering Dogwood.
Nyssa Multiflora,
Black Gum.
Viburnum Lentajo,
Sheepberry.
Dyospyrus Virginia,
Persimmon.
Fraxinus Americana,
White Ash.
Fraxinus Pubescins,
Red Ash.
Fraxinus Viridis,
Green Ash.
Fraxinus Sambucifolia,
Black Ash.
Fraxinus Quadrangulaia,
Blue Ash.
Sassofras Officinale, Ulmus Fulva,
Red Elm.
Ulmus Americana,
White Elm.
Morus Rubra,
Red Mulberry.
Plattanus Occidentalus,
Sassafras.
Sycamore.
329
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
Rotanicai Names.
Common Names. Butternut.
Inglans Cinerea,
Inglans Nigra,
Black Walnut.
Carya Alba,
Shellbark Hickory. Ribbed Hickory.
Carya Sulcata,
Carya Tomentosa,
Mock Hickory.
Carya Parcina,
Pignut Hickory.
Carya Amara,'
Bitternut Hickory ..
Quercus Alba,
White Oak.
Quercus Obtusyloba,
Past Oak.
Quercus Macrocorpa,
Burr Oak.
Quercus Castunea,
Chestnut Oak.
Quercus Nigra.
Black Oak.
Quercus Cococinea,
Red Oak.
Quercus Rubra,
Black Oak.
Quercus Palustrus,
Pin Oak.
Fagus Ferruginea,
Beech.
Carpinus Am.,
Ironwood.
Betula Nigra,
Birch.
Salix Nigra,
Rlack Willow.
Papulus Tremulaides.
Aspen.
Pinus Strobus, Pinus Norwegia,
White Pine.
Norway Pine.
Hemlock.
Thuga Occidentalis, Juniperius Vir.,
Prunus Penna., Butilla Cuta,
. Arborvitæ. Red Cedar. Red Cherry. Birch Cherry.
We also note the cucumber tree, wild black locust, water locust, sweet gum, black haw, buckthorn, scrub pine, and a number of others that we cannot classify botanically, besides the laurel family and numerous other shrubs.
330
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
MILITARY RECORD.
E Pluribus Unum.
" The harp of the minstrel with melody rings
When the muses have taught him to touch and to tune it, But though it may have a full octave of strings,
To both maker and ministrel the harp is a unit. So the power that creates our republic of states Into harmony brings them at different dates, And the thirteen or forty the union once done, Are ' E Pluribus Unum,' of many made one.
"The science that weighs in her balance the spheres, And watched them since first the Chaldean began it,
Now and then as she counts them and measures their years, Brings into our system and names a new planet; Yet the old and new stars-Venus, Neptune and Mars- As they drive round the sun their unvisible cars, Whether faster or slower their races they run, Are ' E Pluribus Unum,' of many made one.
" Of that system of spheres should but one fly the track, Or with others conspire for a general dispersion.
By the great central orb they would all be brought back, And held in their place by a wholesome coercion,
Should oue daughter of light,
Be indulged in her flight,
They would all be engulfed by old chaos and night,
So must none of our sisters be suffered to run,
For 'E Pluribus Unum,' we all go if one.
"Let the demon of discord our melody mar, Or Treason's red hand reud union asunder,
Break one string from our harp or extinguish one star, The whole systems ablaze with its lightning and thunder.
Let the discord be blushed,
Let the traitor be crushed,
Though Legion their name aud with victory flushed,
Forever our motto stands fronting the sun,
' E Pluribus Unum,' though many, we're one."
I "T is with some hesitancy as to our ability to do justice to this important subject that we approach the military history of
331
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
Mifflin county, so flattering is its record and so important its de- tails. We will deal largely in figures in this department, and for details of the subject before us refer the reader to the biographical notices of General McCoy, General Taylor, Captain MeNitt and others, in the proper department of this work. We will use, how- ever, the following reports and records in this department :
From the Lewistown Gazette of June 18, 1879:
The Reunion.
A GRAND DAY-OVER 2,000 PEOPLE PARTICIPATE-FOUR BANDS- THE EXERCISES.
The hospitable and rural population of the beautiful and fertile valley of the Kishacoquillas will long remember the 12th inst. as the time of the annual reunion of the MIFFLIN COUNTY SOLDIERS' ASSOCIATION. Turning off the main road about a mile and a half from Belleville, a short drive brings you to Floyd's grove on the right and the grove of Enoch Zook on the left. These were select- ed by the local committee for the occasion-the one on the right, in which the vehicles were quartered, and the one on the left for the assembly. Near the entrance a board table over three hundred feet long, L shaped, met the eye, under which apparently a thon- sandbaskets told of good things to come. Standing on the most elevated point in the grove, and looking outward, you could sec coming from all directions people on foot, on horseback and in ve- hicles, all making the grove one centre of attraction. The appear- ance of a line of flags, and the music of a band would annonnce the coming of a delegation, now from this point, now from that. The Meno delegation, with a mile of vehicles and several hundred men, headed by the Huntingdon Third ward band, came first.
Shortly after the Lewistown band, heading another line of vehi- cles, arrived. Next the Me Veytown delegation, two hundred strong, led by the McVeytown band and the Mifflin drum corps. From the East End came the cavalry delegation, commanded by General Tay- lor and Captain MeNitt, followed by a long line of carriages. l'eo- ple also came ponring in by families, by couples and singly, until it was estimated there were three thousand on the ground. The grove at this time presented an interesting sight. The busy prepa- rations for dinner, the music by the various bands, the white tents erected, the numerons flags and moving crowds, all united to make it a scene of varied beauty.
The announcement for dinner increased the business about the
332
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
table. Dinner served, the mass of the people gathered about the stand erected for the speaker, when the programme was inaugu- rated by music by the Lewistown band. The chaplain, Rev. W. H. Platt, then offered a prayer. This was followed by an address of welcome, by Rev D. Z. Foulk, pastor of the Mechanicsville Lu- theran church. The Milroy band followed with music. General McCoy, of Lewistown, chairman, followed, introducing the orator of the day. When he sets foot on Mifflin county soil he is at home. Reared among these hills and scenes of this valley are familiar to him. He speaks to-day. His neighbors, friends and acquaintances who will listen to him as one they all know, and who therefore does not need a general introduction. It was with pleasure that he thus referred to Col. A. Wilson Norris, the orator of this occasion. Col. Norris was received with prolonged applause, after which he pro- ceeded :
" As we look back through the vista of years, those years of blood, of carnage and death, how gloomy the retrospect. But how great is the honor for Mifflin county, when we consider the history of these bloody years. The honor, especially of those who were the vanguard of the blue waves of men that swept down from the loyal North, to hurl back the tide of war that threatened the life of the nation-their honor would be perpetuated in history not only, but. in poetry. All will inseribe it upon the annals of fame, that will live when many other less nobler things have perished. The more we study the part that Mifflin county bore in the late struggle, the more lustrous her honor becomes." Here the speaker produced papers containing data, which had been furnished by the Adjutant General's Department of Pennsylvania, from which we make the the following extracts: There were commissioned from Mifflin county-colonels, eight ; lieutenant colonels, five; majors, eight ; adjutants, seven ; quartermasters, one ; commissaries, one ; sur- geons, seven ; assistant surgeons, nine ; chaplains, three ; captains, forty-eight; first lieutenants, fifty-seven ; second lieutenants, fifty- nine, making a total of two hundred and thirteen.
Of these officers, twelve died in the service, but none of disease. Adjutant Luther R. Whitman, Assistant Surgeon Alexander, Cap- tains Robert G. Barr, W. B. Freeborn, and Ira W. Alexander ; First Lieutenants David C. Selheimer and John B. Rodgers, and Secoud Lieutenant Daniel Blett, died of wounds. ' Colonel Thomas L. Hulings, Captain Gilbert Waters, First Lieutenants, James P. Giboney and D. G. Ralston were killed in action.
333
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
These officers were commissioned in forty-five different regiments, and those connected with companies represent fifty-one different companies. Of these fifty-one companies, there were sixteen of volunteers; four of militia of 1862, and two of the militia of 1862, appear to have been recruited in Mifflin county, the rolls of which show that there were two thousand six hundred and twenty-six persons in said companies, and taking into considerartion the en- listments of twenty-nine other companies, in which officers from Mifflin county were commissioned, and in other companies of vol- unteers in the regular army, I believe there was that number of en- listments from Miffiin county. Population in 1860,16,340; voters in 1860, 3,009.
The speaker then resumed: "I stand here to-day and memory brings back many things of other years." He then referred feel- ingly to the companions of his early years who died in the war for the Union, and spoke of the enviable record of our soldiers in action. They had in them much of the fibre of which soldiers are made. They had fallen back from the life of the soldier to the peaceful life of the citizen. His remarks were exceedingly appro- priate, and continued at some length. Major William P. Elliott, (see his biography), the only surviving soldier of 1812, who enlisted in Mifflin county, was invited to be present, but owing to the infirmities of age was unable to attend, but sent his regrets, which were read to the audience.
Mr. Elliott is to-day the only known survivor of the one hundred and twelve men who enlisted in the war of 1812, in Mifflin county, under Captain Rodgers, on the 13th of April, 1813. The major is the oldest major in Pennsylvania to-day, and holds an old relic, viz: his commission by Governor Simon Snyder, in 1814. There is in the possession of the writer a commission of the same date as the above from Governor Simon Snyder to Joseph Cochrane (the writer's father), given in Lewistown at the same time.
General Taylor followed as next speaker and spoke to his com- rades of the gratification all should feel on an occasion like this, and of the achievements of our soldiers on the field, and then re- ferred to the history of the First cavalry as one of which this county could be proud. Also to the flag presented by the ladies of Kishacoquillas valley, which they bore aloft on many a bloody field, and which hung here to-day.
334
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
The Logan Guards.
On the 15th of April, 1831, the President of the United States, issued a proclamation calling out the militia of the several states, to the number of 75,000 men. On the afternoon of the same day, the Secretary of War telegraphed the executive that a call had been made on Pennsylvania for sixteen regiments, two of which were wanted within three days. A sudden dash on the capitol was strongly threatened. The city was entirely unprotected and at the mercy of the assailants.
The President's call, accompanied by an appeal from the execu- tive was telegraphed to every part of the Commonwealth, urging men to come forward in companies and sqnads with all possible dispatch to the defense of the endangered capital. Aside from the city of Philadelphia, there were few militia companies fully armed and equipped, and of these few contained even the minimnm nnm- ber of thirty-two men.
As the intelligence and the appeal for men spread through the towns and villages of the interior, the officers of the few organized companies hastily called their men together, and tendered their services to the Governor. Among the first thus promptly to respond were the Ringgold Light Artillery, Captain McKnight, of Reading ; THE LOGAN GUARDS, CAPTAIN SELHEIMER, of Lewistown; the Washington Artillery, Captain Wren, of Pottsville; National Light Infantry, of Pottsville, and the Allen Rifles, Captain Yeager, of Allentown. All were impatient to move to the defense of the flag, and the Logan Guards were the first on the list of arrivals at the Capital.
The Logan Guards could muster but twenty-six members ; bnt on the receipt of a telegram from Governor Curtin, April 16, ac- cepting their services, and urging them to lose no time in moving, the drum-call was soon heard in the streets, and, in less than an honr, one handred and six men, including the twenty-six original members, were in line and ready to march.
At ten o'clock P. M. the same day, the company moved to the sta- tion, on the opposite bank of the Juniata River, but owing to the lack of transportation, they did not reach Harrisburg till the morn- ing of the 17th.
The Logan Guards were a volunteer company, organized by Ma- jor Eisenbise, Inspector of the Second Brigade, Fourteenth Divi- sion of Pennsylvania Militia In the month of July, 1858, J. B. Selheimer was elected captain, and commissioned on August 7th.
335
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
The company met for parade and drill about once a month, and participated in the volunteer encampment at Lewistown, in the fall of 1859, and at Huntingdon in 1860, both under the command of Major General William H. Kein. It participated in the ceremonies of the inauguration of Governor Curtin, in January, 1861, and in the reception of Mr. Lincoln, President elect, in February following.
At the close of the three months' service, it was reorganized, un- der Captain J. A. Mathews, and re-entered the service, in the Forty-sixth Regiment, under Colonel Knipe, for three years; re- maining as veterans till the close of the war, and participating in the campaigns of Banks, MeClellan, Pope, Burnsides, Hooker and Sherman. The losses of this company during the war from all causes were one hundred and eleven men ; but so well did recruits come forward from home and neighborhood, as they were wanted, that at the close of the war sixty-eight men and officers were mus- tered out as veterau volunteers, the rolls showing an aggregate membership of two hundred and forty-seven.
The survivors of this organization participated in a flag recep- tion in Philadelphia, on July 4, 1866, and were assigned to the right of the procession by Major General Hancock, commanding officer of the day.
On their way to Washington from Harrisburg, the Logan Guards. passed through Baltimore, and were among those who had to march two miles through the city, from Bolton to Camden Station. On leaving the cars, a battalion was formed, in the following order : Pemberton, with his regulars, on the right; Selheimer, with the Logan Guards, next, and Yeager, Wren and MeDonald following, and McKnight, with the Ringgold Artillery, bringing up the rear. As the column was forming near Bolton Station, the police of Balti- more appeared in a large force, headed by Marshall Kane, and fol- lowed by a mob, who at once commenced an attack upon the volun- teers, countenanced by a portion of the police sent to give safe conduct to the troops through the city. Orders were given to the men not to reply to anything that was said to them. At the com mand "forward," the mob commenced to yell and abuse the sol- diers, and proclaimed, with oaths, that troops should not pass. through their town to fight the South.
Every insult that could be heaped upon the troops was offered but no reply was elicited, the officers and men marching quietly on towards Camden Station ; every step the Mob increased until it numbered thousands of the most determined and desperate Rebels
.
'336
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
of the war. The Logan Guards were armed with thirty four Springfield muskets which had been drawn from the National Ar- mory on the requisition of the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania, at the time of its organization in 1858, and thirty-four of their num- ber carrying them, and were uniformed precisely like the regulars. The officers and some of the men had revolvers at their sides well loaded. Aside from these there was not a charge of Powder in the five companies, but one member of the Logan Guards happened to have a box of percusion caps in his pocket and had destributed them to his comrades and the thirty-four muskets of the Guards were capped and carried half cocked, at a "support arms," creating an impression in the mob that these muskets were loaded and would be used on them if they attempted an assault. This feint was believed to have saved that little band of volunteers from the bloody and brutal attack which awaited the Sixth Massachusetts on' the following day. As these volunteers were boarding the train the angry mob hurled a shower of bricks, clubs and stones into their dis- organized rauks, fortunately, however, inflicting only slight injuries. In the midst of confusion an attempt was made to detach the en- gine from the train and run it away. This was only prevented by the determined character of the engineer and his assistants who drew revolvers and threatened to shoot any one who dared to make the attempt. At length, amid the demoniac yells of the crowd, the train moved off carrying the volunteers safely beyond the reach of their desperate assailants. At seven o'clock on the 18th these com- panies, the head of the grand column of millions who were mustered in to save this Nation, arrived in Washington. Arms, ammunition and equipments were furnished and the work was immediately commenced of barricading the Capitol fronting on the Potomac with barrels of cement and large sheets of boiler iron. The timely arrival of these troops was the occasion of much joy. On the opposite side of the Potomac, on the Virginia shores, squads of rebel soldiers were drilling in full view of the Capitol, and but for this arrival of strength the city might have fallen an easy prey. The night of the 18th passed quietly away and at daybreak, in the morn- ing of the 19th the report of the Logan Guards, officialy signed, was handed by the first sergeant of the company to Adjutant-Gen- . eral Thomas. That officer remarked : That it was the first offi- cial report received.
The Logan Guards, after remaining in Washington ten days, "were ordered to garrison duty at Fort Washington. We append a
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
337
list of the Logan Gnards that were recruited at Lewistown, and mustered into the service at Harrisburg, April 18:
J. B Selheimer, Captain.
Thos. M. Hulings, First Lieut. Rob. W. Patton, Second Lieut. J. A. Mathews, First Sergeant.
J. S. Wearam, Second
H. A. Eisenbise, Third
W. B. Weber, Fourth ",
E. W. Eisenbise, First Corporal. P. P. Butts, Second J. Nalte, Third
F. Hart, Fourth
S. G. MeLaughlin, Musician.
J. W. Postlewait,
W. Happer,
Privates.
Alexander, J. J., Burns, J. D., Bowsum, W. H., W. E. Benner, R. Betts,
W. R. Cooper,
J. A. Miller,
W. Cowden, C. Cole,
A. R. Mathews.
J. A. McKee,
R. D. Morton,
S. Comfort,
S. G. MeLaughlin,
F. De Armit,
W. A. Nelson,
F. W. Dewees,
R. Nelson,
T. A. Nourse, J. A. Nail,
James Price,
Henry Printz,
J. M Postlewait,
B. Rothrock,
J. N. Razer,
F. R. Sterrett,
J. Sterrett, W. Sherwood,
C. M. Shull,
E. A. Smith,
T. B. Smith,
N. W. Scott,
J. P. Smith,
C. W. Stahl,
Geo. A. Snyder,
L. T. Snyder,
G. M. Tice, T. M. Utley,
D. Wasson,
F. H. Wentz,
G. Waters, D. B. Weber,
22
W. T. McEwing, W. G. Mitchell,
W. F. Macay,
S. B. Marks,
J. S. Miller,
W. McKnew,
H. Comfort, J. Cogley,
A. W. Elberty, Geo. W. Elberty, J. B. Eckbarger, W. H. Freborn, J. A. Fitchthorn, A. Files,
J. B. Ferrer,
G. M. Freeborn, D. Fessler, O. M. Fowler, Geo. Hart. J. Hughs, J. F. Hunter. J. W. Henry, W. H. Irwin, J. W. Joues, J. M. Jackson, H. F. Kaiser. J. S. Kauffman, T. Kinkaid, Loff, George J., Laughton, J. S., C. S. Laub, E. W. Link,
338
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY
H. G. Walters,
D. Wertz,
G. White,
P. Winterrod, E. E. Zeigler.
The Seventh Regiment
Was recruited under orders of Governor Curtin, in obedience to a proclamation of the President. The following were the field of_ ficers elected and commissioned, viz : W. H. Irwin, of Lewistown, then a private in the Logan Guards, at Washington, Colonel ; O. H. Rippey, of Pittsburgh, Lieutenant-Colonel ; H. B. Myers, Ad- jutant.
COMPANY I, SEVENTH REGIMENT.
Recruited at Lewistown, mustcred into service April 22, 1861.
H. A. Zollinger, Captain. J. D. Stoneroad, First Corporal.
W. H. McClelland, First Lieut. James Couch, Second Lieut. A. Wakefield First Sergeant.
W. A. Troxal, Second 66
J. P. McClintick, Third
J. W. Nelson, Fourth 66
H. L. Harding, Musician.
M. Dillon, Third
S. Eisenbise, Fourth
Privates.
S. Barcus,
J. Brimmer,
G. W. Black,
W. M. Irvin,
D. Jenkins,
A. Klinefelter,
J. Klinefelter,
J. W. Kuhns,
D. Karl,
G. W. Kelly,
J. M., Krise,
J. Landis,
W. H. Crothers,
W. Leator,
J. Corseck,
J. Morton,
T. Dillon,
J. D. Martin,
J. Devare,
W. R. Moran,
H. McNally,
H. Masar,
D. A. McCram,
S. Myers,
A. Gondor,
I. Olinger,
L. Price,
P. Peffer,
W. Rutherford,
J. Houser,
J. F. Harice,
John Henry, John Hoffler,
A. Bringman,
G. Broom,
F. Beisel,
L. Blumenloder,
J. Campbell,
S. Collins,
J. Cherry,
J. Corkell,
C. Darmon,
J. H. Funk,
J. Ginaphan,
Austin Grow,
J B. Hiltebarn, W. Hart,
J. R. Hockenburgh,
F. Remminger,
R. Rosenborrogh,
Thompson Weise, Sec.
H. H. Fortney,
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HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
J. B. Ross,
J. M. Skelly,
P. Rogers,
D. Shaffer,
John Ruble,
J. Vanzantd,
W. Ruse,
B. Walters,
A. Satcher,
T. Wolfkiel,
J. Sanford,
J. Wilson,
M. Shilling,
C. White,
W. Sperry,
J, Yeoman.
Forty-ninth Regiment.
At Camp Curtin, on the 14th day of September, 1861, the Forty- ninth Regiment was organized by the choice of the following offi- cers : William H. Irwin, of Mifflin county, Colonel ; William Bris- bane, of Luzerne county, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Thomas M. Hu- lings, of Mifflin connty, Major. We would be glad to detail the ex- perience of each company from this county, were it possible to do so ; but for want of space we must confine ourselves to the organi- zation and roster of the companies from here.
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