USA > Pennsylvania > History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5; prepared in compliance with acts of the legislature, Vol. III > Part 80
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When it was realized at headquarters that a part of the line had been lost, Lieutenant Colonel Pennypacker, with about three hundred of the regiment that had not been on duty in the morning, was ordered to advance and re- capture it. The command was promptly formed, and with a regular and un- wavering front, went forward under a murderous fire of grape and canister, and musketry, until the leader had been thrice wounded, and half had fallen, when, the hopelessness of the attempt being apparent, the order to retire was given. The loss in this heroic but fruitless charge, was three officers and forty-four men killed, eight officers and one hundred and twenty-one men wounded, and twelve taken prisoners, an aggregate of one hundred and eighty- eight.
On the 27th, in obedience to the orders from General Grant, the Eighteenth Corps, and a part of the Tenth Corps, were dispatched to White House in transports, and thence marched to form junction with the army in front of Cold Harbor. The position of the Ninety-seventh, from the time of its ar- rival until its return on the 12th of June, was at the front constantly, where it well maintained its character for courage and efficiency, sustaining a loss of one killed and nine wounded.
Returning again to the south side of the James, at a point two and a-half miles from Petersburg, it came upon the enemy's entrenched line. Just before sunset of the 15th, the Eighteenth Corps and the Second Division of the Tenth,
417
BEFORE PETERSBURG.
1864
charged and captured the enemy's works, taking four hundred prisoners and sixteen pieces of artillery. The position of the Ninety-seventh was in the second line of works, and during the night it was busily employed in entrench- ing. On the following day another general advance was made, in which a second line of the enemy's works was captured. Shortly afterwards the Second Division, which had been serving with the Eighteenth Corps, returned to Bermuda Hundred, and re-joined the Tenth at the entrenchments near Fos- ter's Plantation. On the 22d Colonel Gass resigned, and Lientenant Coloncl Pennypacker was promoted to succeed him, the latter being prevented by wounds from joining the regiment for several weeks, the command in the mean- time devolving on Major Price. On the evening of the following day, the Tenth Corps was again ordered to the front before Petersburg, the Ninety- seventh taking position in front of Cemetery Hill, where it was kept constantly engaged, losing men almost daily.
On the 30th one hundred men from the Ninety-seventh, and three hundred from other regiments, all under command of Captain Mendenhall, were ordered to advance upon the enemy's works in front of the Cemetery to engage the attention of the enemy, while a stronger force, under Colonel Barton of the Forty-eighth New York, made a real assault. Moving rapidly over meadow, ravine, and wood, Mendenhall boldly charged across an open field, and gained the works whence a rapid fire was opened, which was vigorously re- turned. In the meantime Barton's forces failed to move, and the situation of this small detachment, on which the enemy was left free to concentrate his forces, was critical. But the ground was resolutely held until nightfall, when it was re-called, one hundred and fifty of the four hundred having fallen. The loss in the regiment was five killed and sixteen wounded.
For nearly six weeks after this affair, the division continued to occupy the trenches between the City Point and the Norfolk and Petersburg railroads. Upon the occasion of the explosion of the mine, on the 30th of July, it was brought up and formed in rcar of the batteries bearing on the rebel works, and when the assaulting column had gone forward, was ordered to advance in support. But the distance to pass over was so great, and so many obstruc- tions were met by the way, that before it could reach the works to be taken, the enemy had recovered from his panic, and was opening with his artillery right and left, and bringing up reserves of infantry. Nevertheless the com- mand moved steadily on, and captured and held a portion of the enemy's works. While the Ninety-seventh was moving, a staff officer succeeded in detaching the five companies on the left, by ordering the Lieutenant in com- mand of the leading company, marching by the left flank, to turn aside. These companies, Captain G. W. Hawkins in command, were ordered to charge a line of riffe-pits, which was successfully executed. Subsequently Major Price, who commanded the regiment, attempted to move this detachment so as to unite the two wings, but was prevented by a sudden attack, and it remained apart until the close of the action. The mine had been successfully exploded, and never had troops displayed greater valor, but it was found impossible to hold the advantage gained, and the forces were withdrawn, not withont seri- ous loss. The Ninety-seventh was relieved at half past two P. M., and with the division retired to its position in front of the Cemetery. Its loss was ten killed, and twenty-eight wounded. Captain Mendenhall and Lieutenant Levi L. Marsh were among the wounded, the latter mortally.
53-VOL. III.
418
NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.
1864
On the 13th of August, Colonel Pennypacker having measureably recov- ered from his wounds of May 23th, returned and assumed command, and im- mediately thereafter the regiment moved with the corps across the James, where it participated in the capture of the intrenchments at Deep Bottom on the morning of the 15th, and in the action at Strawberry Plains, on the 16th, wherein the enemy was driven from his works, but subsequently recovered them by a flank movement, and inflicted severe loss, the Ninety-seventh losing ten killed, eleven wounded, and eighteen captured. Among the killed was the former Adjutant, Captain Henry W. Carruthers, and among the prisoners, Captain Samuel V. Black. On the 20th the corps returned to its old position at Bermuda Hundred, where, on the morning of the 25th, as it was being re- lieved at the front, the enemy made a furious attack, and captured a part of the line. In the evening of that day, it was re-captured by the Second Di- vision, in which the regiment lost two killed and three wounded. Towards the close of August the corps returned to the Petersburg front, occupying the lines from the Appomattox to Cemetery Hill, and soon afterwards Colonel Pennypacker was assigned to the command of the Second Brigade, Second Division, composed of the Forty-seventh and forty eighth New York, Seventy- sixth, Ninety-seventh, and Two Hundred and Third Pennsylvania, the com- mand of the regiment devolving at intervals, in the absence of Major Price, on account of sickness, on Captains Lewis and Hawkins, and Lieutenant Wain- wright.
On the 28th of September, having crossed to the north bank of the James, the Tenth Corps, simultaneously with the attack on Fort Harrison, attacked the enemy's works on New Market Heights, and captured them. Advancing, it assaulted the rebel Fort Gilmore, but found that work too strong to be taken with the weakened force in hand. Colonel Pennypacker led his brigade on the right of the assaulting column, and was obliged to pass over nearly a mile of slashings, and a small stream, the ground proving unfavorable for rapid moment. The loss in the Ninety-seventh was ten wounded and two missing; among the wounded was Colonel Pennypacker, and Lieutenants Gos- griff and Duffee. The regiment was led by Lieutenant Wainwright, who, with Licutenant Eves, was commended in orders by General Butler. Not relishing the proximity which the Union forces had attained, the rebel com- mander sent a heavy force under Fields and Hoke to turn the right flank of the army and force it back. The cavalry of Kautz, occupying an advanced position, was encountered and driven; but coming upon the Tenth Corps they found it ready to receive them, and after several attempts to drive it, gave up the contest. Towards the close of October the Tenth Corps, together with the Eighteenth, had a spirited engagement near the little village of Darbytown, in which the Ninety-seventh lost two killed, eight wounded, and one missing. Captain George W. Hawkins, in command of the regiment, was mortally wounded.
.
In the meantime, as the term of service of officers and men who had not re-enlisted expired, they were mustered out of service, and by the end of October all had been retired except veterans and recruits, numbering one bun- dred and fifty, who were left in command of Lieutenant John Wainwright. Soon afterwards a sufficient number of drafted men and substitutes were added to give it the full regimental strength. In December the Army of the James was re-organized, the white troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps
419
FORT FISHER.
1865
becoming the Twenty-fourth, and the colored troops of these corps the Twen- ty-fiftlı.
On the 7th of December, the Second Division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, embracing the Ninety-seventh, and Paine's First Division (colored) of the Twenty-fifth, the whole numbering about six thousand five hundred men, left the front and proceeded to Fortress Monroe, and on the 13th accompanied the expedition of Butler and Porter against Fort Fisher, North Carolina. Lieu- tenant Martin was left in charge of the camp of the regiment, with a portion of the conscripts, whom he was instructed to drill. At noon of the 24th the bombardment of the fort commenced, the powder boat Louisiana, at a quarter before two that morning, having been exploded without effect. On the after- noon of the 25th, a force of about three thousand men, under General Ames, in which was the Ninety-seventh, landed. A reconnoissance was at once made by General Weitzel, who reported adversely to an assault, and accord- ingly General Butler ordered the troops to be withdrawn, and re-embarking, returned to their camps on the James.
On the 2d of January, 1865, the same troops, with the addition of Abbott's Brigade of General Terry's First Division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, num- bering one thousand five hundred men, and a small siege train, all under com- mand of General Terry, again departed for the reduction of Fort Fisher. Eight commissioned officers and one hundred and eighty-one men of the Nine- ty-seventh, under command of Lieutenant John Wainwright, accompanied the expedition. Landing upon the narrow peninsula upon which the fort is built, Terry approached within two miles of the works, and established a line running quite across from the ocean to the river, which he intrenched, and behind it planted his artillery, the fire of the navy in the meantime being continuous and effective. Ames' Division, consisting of the brigades of Curtis, Pennypacker, and Bell, was selected for the assault. One hundred sharp-shooters, armed with Spencer repeating rifles, were sent forward at a run, to within one hundred and seventy-five yards of the fort, where with spades with which they were pro- vided they soon sheltered themselves in pits. The three brigades, in the order above named, then moved up in rear of the sharp-shooters and also in- trenched. "At twenty-five minutes past three P. M.," says General Terry, in his official report, "all the preparations were completed, the order to move forward was given to General Ames, and a concerted signal was made to Ad- miral Porter to change the direction of his fire. Curtis' Brigade at once sprang from their trenches, and dashed forward in line. Its left was exposed to a se- vere enfilading fire, and it obliqued to the right so as to envelope the left of the land front. The ground over which it moved was marshy and difficult; but it soon reached the palisades, passed through them, and effected a lodg -. ment on the parapet. # * When Curtis moved forward, Ames directed Pennypacker to move up to the rear of the sharp-shooters, and brought Bell up to Pennypacker's late position, and as soon as Curtis got a foothold on the parapet, sent Pennypacker to his support. Pennypacker advanced, overlap- ing Curtis' right, and drove the enemy from the heavy palisading, which ex- tended from the west end of the land face to the river, capturing a considera- ble number of prisoners; then pushing forward to their left, the two brigades together drove the cnemy from about one-quarter of the land face. Ames then brought up Bell's Brigade, and moved it between the works and the river. *
* Hand to hand fighting of the most desperate character ensued, the huge
420
NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.
1865
traverses of the land face being used successively by the enemy as breast- works, over the tops of which the contending parties fired into each others faces. Nine of these were carried one after the other by our men. * #
* Until six o'clock, the fire of the navy continued upon that portion of the work not occupied by us. After that time, it was directed upon the beach, to pre- vent the coming up of re-inforcements. . * The fighting for the tra- verses continued till nearly nine o'clock, two more of them being carried. Then a portion of Abbott's Brigade, which had been brought to the support of the assault, drove the enemy from their last remaining strongholds, and the occupation of the fort was completed. The same brigade, with General Blackburn's Regiment, (colored,) was immediately pushed down the point to Battery Buchanan, whither many of the garrison had fled. On reaching the battery all of the enemy, who had not been previously captured, were made prisoners. Among them were Major General Whiting, and Colonel Lamb the commandant of the fort. * * * In all the works were found one hun- dred and sixty-nine pieces of artillery, nearly all heavy, over two thousand stand of small arms, considerable quantities of commissary stores, and full supplies of ammunition. Our prisoners numbered one hundred and twelve commissioned officers, and one thousand nine hundred and seventy-one en- listed men. I have no words to do justice to the behavior of both officers and men on this occasion. All that men could do they did. Better soldiers never fought. Brigadier General Curtis, and Colonels Pennypacker, Bell, and Abbott, the brigade commanders, led with the utmost gallantry. Curtis was wounded after fighting in the front rank rifle in hand; Pennypacker, while carrying the standard of one of his regiments, (the Ninety-seventh,) the first man in a charge over a traverse. Bell was mortally wounded near the palisades." "Colonel G. Pennypacker," says General Ames, in his report, " commanding Second Brigade, was severely wounded, while planting the colors of his leading regiment (the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania) on the third traverse of the work. This officer was surpassed by none, and his absence during the remainder of the day was most deeply felt and seriously regretted." Lieutenant John Wainwright, who led the regiment, was honorably mentioned by General Ames. "A series of traverses," says Lieutenant Wainwright, "each a fort itself, were charged and re-charged, and for seven long hours the two armies fought furiously inside the fort, and not until ten o'clock at night were the rebels finally subdued and forced to surrender, which was greeted with deafening cheers by the weary soldiers, and a display of hun- dreds. of rockets by the feet." The regiment lost four killed, Lieutenant Henry Odiorne being of the number, and thirty-seven wounded. Colonel Pennypacker, and Lieutenants T. M. Smedley, C. F. Haines, J. B. Taylor, L. R. Thomas, and G. W. Duffee, were among the wounded, Lieutenant Haines mortally. The regiment was encamped after the surrender near the magazine, but was fortunately ordered away before the fatal explosion.
Abandoning Fort Caswell and the extensive works at Smithville, the enemy · retired to Fort Anderson, and prepared for a stubborn defence of Wilmington, his chief remaining port of entry. Terry was joined soon after by the Twen- ty-third Corps, and General Schofield assumed command of the entire land force, known as the Army of the Ohio. A flank movement turned the enemy out of Fort Anderson, and on the 22d of February, Wilmington, with its im- mense stores of arms, ammunition, and cotton, was occupied. So rapid was
5
1865
SURRENDER OF JOHNSTON.
421
the movement, that about four thousand Union prisoners, which he was una- ble to remove, fell into the hands of the victorious army. Some of these be- longed to the Ninety-seventh. The joy of the sick and wounded men, famish- ing with hunger, knew no bounds. They danced, sang, and wept; they hugged their old comrades, and in evory way manifested their gratitude at being res- cued from inevitable starvation and death.
Remaining at Wilmington until the 15th of March, General Terry moved to effect a junction with General Sherman's Army, at Goldsboro, General Schofield at the same time setting out from Newbern for the same destination. Schofield and Terry arrived on the 21st, and met Sherman coming up from Georgia, on the day following. In the advance upon Raleigh, the Ninety-sev- enth was detached and sent to the assistance of the cavalry train under Kil- patrick, and remained with it, performing arduous service, until it reached the Stato Capital, whence Sherman pushed up vigorously, and after some ineffec- tual negotiations, received the surrender of the rebel army under Johnston at Durham's Station on the 26th of April.
From the 16th of April until the 10th of July, the regiment remained at Raleigh, engaged in various duty incident to securing tranquility, and putting in operation the Freedman's Bureau. In the meantime. considerable sickness prevailed, several died, and a number, for various causes, were discharged. On the 23d of May, Colonel Pennypacker was promoted to Brigadier General, and took leave of the regiment which he had served with from the first, and which he had led in the most desperate encounters. On the 11th of July, seven companies, under Colonel Wainwright, were stationed at Gaston, and three, under command of Captain Underwood, at Weldon, Major Martin being on duty in a court martial. The regiment was subsequently detailed for various duty in this Department. It was finally mustered out of service on the 28th of August, at Weldon. Returning, six hundred strong, by rail to Petersburg and City Point, it moved by transport to Baltimore, and thence by rail to Philadelphia, where it was received with fitting honors, and was bonntifully entertained at the Cooper Shop and Union Volunteer Refreshment saloons. Retiring to Camp Cadwalader, it remained until the 4th of September, when it was paid and finally disbanded.
422
NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT,
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.
.
NAME
RANK.
DATE OF MUSTER INTO SERVICE.
REMARKS.
Henry R. Guss.
Col
Oct. 29, '61, 3
Gal'a Pennypacker
.do
Aug. 22, '61,
3
Promoted to Brevet Brig. Gen. and Brevet Major General, Mar. 13, 1965-Resigned June 22, 1864. Pr. fr. Capt. Co. A to Maj., Oct. 7. '61-to Lt. Col., June 7, '64-to Col., Aug. 15, '64-to Bv. Brig. Gen., Jan. 15. '65-to Brig. Gen., Feb. 15. '65- to Bv. Maj. Gen .. Mar. 13, '65-wd. at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1964. Oct., 1864. and at Ft. Fisher, N. C., Jan. 15, '65-disch. May 11,'65. Promoted from Ist Lt. Co. F to Lt. Col., Var. 14, 1865-to Colonel, June 15, 1865-mustered out with regiment, August 28, 1865.
John Wainwright ....
.do
Sept. 23, '61,
3
Augustus P. Duer .. William H. Martin
Lt. Col. Major ..
Oct. 7, '61, Mar. 16, '64,
Pr. from Capt. Co. A. March 15, 1865-com. Lt. Col., June 1, 1865-not mustered-mustered out with regiment, August 29, 1805-Vet.
H. W. Carruthers ...
Adj
Sept. 11, '61,
3, Pr. fr. Ist Lt. Co. C, Oct. 21, '61-com. Capt. Co. C, Apr. 3, '64-not mus. - died at Fortress Mon- roe, Aug. 22, of wounds received at Strawberry Plains, Va , August 16, 1864.
Elwood P. Baldwin
... do
May 23, '64, 3
David Jones
Q. M
Oct. 17, '61,
S
John H. Brower
do
Mar. 15, '64, 3
John R. Everhart ... Pennock J. Nichols
Surg. ... do
Oct. 31, '61, Aug. 2, '62,
COCO
3 Discharged Nov. 10. 1864-expiration of term. Pr. fr. Asst. Surg. 5Sth reg. P. V .. Mar. 12, '65- mustered out with regiment, August 23, 1865. Discharged for promotion, April 25, 1864. 3
3 Resigned January 1, 1865.
Win. Whitehead
Chap'n.
July 16, '64,
Henry R. Coates ....
Sgt. Maj
Nov. 9, '61, 3
Geo. A. Lemaistre .. ... do
Oct. 2, '61, 3
Samuel W. Hawley
.. do
Sept. 18, '61,
3
Cheyney T. Haines
... do
Oct. 28, '61,
David R. Cochran ...
Q.M.Sr
Mar. 16, '64, S
James T. Skiles.
.. do
Ang. 30, '61,
George L. Taggart.
... do
Aug. 50, '61.
Pr. fr. priv. Co. A, July 1. '68-com. Q. M., Jan. 1, 1864-not inustered-discharged August 30, 1864-expiration of ter !!!.
Leonard R. Thomas .do
Mar. 15, '64, 3
Caleb Mercer
Com. Sr Mar. 15, '64,
3
Thomas M'Cay
... do
Aug. 22, '61, 3
Dallas Crow.
.do
Mar. 15, '64,
Promoted from privato Co. C, Sept. 1, 1864-to Ist Lt. Company C, December 1, 1864-Vet. Promoted from Sergeant Co. F, July 19, 1965- mustered out with regiment, Aug 23, '65-Vet. Promoted from Sergeant Co. A, Oct. 31, '61-dis- charged Aug. 30, 164-expiration of term. Wounded at Petersburg. Va .. July 30, 1864-pro- moted from Sergeant Co. B, Sept. 1, 1864-to Ist Lt. company B, March 4, 1865-Vet.
Wash'n W. James .. .do
Nov. 15, '61, 3
Milton S. Taylor
Pl. Muc Oct. 9, '61,
John Weber .do
Mar. 15, '64,
Promoted from Corporal Co. G, April 1. 1865 -- to Capt .in company G, May 26. 1865-Vet. Promoted from private Co. H, Sept. 18. 1:64- mus. out with regiment, Aug. 29, 18 15-Vet. Promoted from Corporal Co. F, May 20, 1865- mus. out with regiment, Aug. 28, 1865-Vet.
1
4
George W. Miller As. Sur.
Wm. C. Morrison. .. do ...
Oct. 28, '61, Aug. 1, '62, Nov. 19. '61,
Resigned August 20. 1862.
David W. Moore. .. do
Resigned November 21, 1864.
Promoted from Corporal Co. K, Jan. 1. 1865- mustered out with regiment, Aug. 23, '65-Vet. Promoted from Sergeant Co. H, Oct. 31, 1861-to 2d Lt. company HI, April 30, 1862.
Promoted from Corporal ('o. C. June 6, 1862-dis- charged Sept. 16, 64-expiration of term.
3 Wa. at Bermuda Hundred. May 20, and at Pe- tersburg. Va .. June 30. '64-pr. fr. Cor. Co. G, Sept. 18. '64-to Ist Lt. Co. G, Dec. 1, '64-Vet. Promoted from Sergeant Co. G. July 10, 1855- mus. out with regiment. Aug. 28, 1865-Vet. Promoted from Corporal Co. B, Oct. 31, 1801-to 2d Lt. company B. June 19, 1853.
TERM -YEARS .!
Resigned April 3, 1864.
Promoted from Ist Sergeant company H, May 2, 1855 -mustered out with reg., Aug. 29, 1S05. Promoted from Ist Lt. company II, Oct. 31, 1861-disch. Oct. 31, 1864-expiration of termn. Promoted front Cor. company Fto Q. M. Sgt., Jan. 1, 1865-to Q. M., June 7, 1865-inustered out with regiment, August 23, 1865-Vet.
423
THREE YEARS' SERVICE.
NAME.
BANK.
DATE OF MUSTER .INTO SERVICE
REMARKS.
C. C. Fahnestock, Jr
Pl. Muc Nov. 15, '61,.
3
Jas. St. John, Sr.
... do
...
Oct. 29, '61,
3
James J. Wilson.
.. do
Sept. 11, '61,
Promoted from Musician Co. K, Jan. 16, 1862- discharged by General Order, Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. by G. O., Aug. 13. '62-re-enlisted in Co. D, Nov. 26, '62-pr. to Pl. Muc., May 1. 1863- disch. on Surgeon's certificate, Sept. 17, 1364. Promoted frou Musician company C, June 23, 1864-disch. Sept. 10, '64-expiration of termn. 3
Madison Lovett.
Hos. St.
Mar. 15, '64, 3
Harman Heed.
.do
Oct.
3, '61,
3 | Pr. fr. private Co. HI, Oct. 23, 1861- discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Sept. 8. 1862.
Reuben H. Smith.
.do
Sept. 30, '61, 3 Pr. fr. Ist Sgt. Co. G. Sept. 14, 1862-discharged on Surgeon's certificate. March 27, 1863.
John Y. M'Carter ..
do
Sept. 17, '61, 3 Pr. fr. Cor. Co. C, Apr. 1, 1863-discharged Sept. 17, 1864-expiration of term.
.
REGIMENTAL BAND.
George Ellenger ... Bookman, Samuel ..
Leader. Muc ....
Oct. Oct.
24, '61, 15, '61, 1 10, '61,
Discharged by General Order, Aug. 31, 1862. Pr. fr. privato Co. H, Oct. 24, 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862.
Brubaker, Frs. L ...
.do
Oct.
Dalling, William ..
.do
Oct. 10, '61,
3 Pr. fr. private Co. H, Oct. 24, 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862. 3 Pr. fr private Co. H, Oct. 24, 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862.
Fithian, Austin M.
.do
Oct. 15, '61, 3 Pr. fr. private Co. HI, Oct. 24, 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862. Not on muster-out roil. 3
Goold. Payne A. Hemphill, Wm. C ..
do .. do
Nov. 9, '61, Oct. 15, '61, 3
Hosmer, John L .. do
Oct. 10, '61, 3
Pr. fr. private Co. H, Oct. 24. 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862. Pr. fr. private Co. H. Oct. 24, 1861-discharged by General Order. August 31, 1862. Pr. fr. Musician Co. A, Oct. 24, 1861-discharged on Surgeou's certificate, January 19, 1862.
Lovell, Richard M .. do
3 Pr. fr. private Co. H, Oct. 24, 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862.
Myers, George W. .
do
Oct. 10, '61, 3 Pr. fr. private Co. H, Oct. 24, 1861-discharged on Surgeon's certificate, April 22, 1802.
Roecker, Bernard. do
Reed, Bernard. .do
Oct. 10, '61, 3 Pr. fr. private Co. H, Oct. 24. 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862. Oct. 10, '61, 3 Pr. fr. private Co. H, Oct. 21, 1861-discharged by General Order, August 31, 1862
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