USA > Pennsylvania > Washington County > History of Washington County, Pennsylvania : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 118
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County.
stato.
Amwell
$1000.81
East Bethlehem.
171.50
West Bethlehem
12× 47
Canton
GH X4
Cecil
69 07
Donegal
129 70
Hanover
120.31
Hopewell
124.78
Mount Pleasant
85 44
Peters
79,29
Smith
99.58
North Strabane.
66.69
Somerset.
88.21
Amendments were made to the school law as ex- perience suggested changes, and in 1837 all the town- ships of the county, with the exception of Cecil and Hanover, were working in harmony with the pro- visions of the school act. These townships accepted these provisions in the next year, since which time various changes and improvements have been made.
Normal Schools .- The first meeting of educators connected with the interests of common schools and the establishment of normal schools was held at the Pigeon Creek Church, in Somerset, Nov. 23, 1849. Several resolutions were passed declaring for "well qualified teachers and a system of Normal schools for their training," and "a county committee to examine teachers, with authority to call a convention of teach- ers twice a year for instruction by lectures on the science of teaching." This meeting resulted in the calling of a common school county convention, which met at Washington, Feb. 19, 1850. A second one was held March 20th, a third May 21st, and a fourth Sept. 23, 1850, at Washington. At this last meeting A. M. Gow offered a resolution to establish an institute by which the teachers may be brought together for their improvement; also at this meeting the name of Washington County Institute was adopted. At a meeting in October the delegates to the State conven- tion were instructed to recommend county superin- tendency and the establishment of State normal schools for the special preparation of teachers. Con- ventions were held often in different parts of the county, and educators from abroad as well as those at home were employed to lecture before the institute. At a meeting of the association in 1855, A. M. Gow recommended establishing a normal school of four weeks' continuance. It was not, however, until three years later that this suggestion was acted upon. The following from the "Report of Public Instruction of 1877" shows the progress of normal schools until 1861 :
" The first normal school in the county was held in Hillsboro', commencing May 11, 1858. J. H. Long- don, county superintendent, was the principal. He was assisted by J. N. Boyd and A. J. Buffington. Sixty- eight teachers were in attendance. The next session was held in West Middletown, commencing June 10, 1859, which continued six weeks, with an attendance of one hundred and thirty-one teachers. Mr. Long- don was assisted by some of the best teachers in | attendance. Stated lectures were delivered by promi- nent men during the session. Mr. Longdon held the . i next session at Monongahela City in the following
1
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HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
May and June, continuing seven weeks. The enroll- ment numbered one hundred and fifty-eight, exclusive of the model school, which was taught by John F. Weller and Julia A. Weller. Mr. Longdon was as- sisted in the normal department by J. E. Stephenson, A. J. Buffington, and J. L. Phillips. So great was the benefit derived by those who attend these schools, and yet so unsatisfactory, because of the limited time which the sessions were kept open, that a demand was felt for a normal school that could be in session nine months during the year."
Thomas J. Horner, to whom must be given the honor of giving permanency to the normal school now in Washington County, was a native of Carmichael's, Greene Co., where he was born Feb. 1, 1835. His education was obtained at the district school and at Greene Academy. In the fall of 1856 he went to Millsboro', and taught school at that place during the winter and following spring, after which he went to Mount Union, Ohio, and entered the college at that place for a regular course. In 1859 he went to West Brownsville and resumed teaching. In 1860 he went to Bridgeport, where he was employed in the Union school until July, when he was chosen principal.
The idea of a normal school had been growing in the minds of educators in Washington County and vicinity for some time previous, but to Mr. Horner it assumed tangible shape. Millsboro' was the site se- lected by him for the starting-place of such a school, as it was one of the most central points in the south- western part of the State. He visited that place and laid his plans before the public. They were not at first favorably received, from financial reasons, but | the success of the town and school, the sale of intox- when he proposed to give his own notes for the pay- ment of all subscriptions he succeeded in raising ! sufficient money, with what he had, to warrant him Under the leadership of Prof. E. N. Johnson, now of Ohio, the academy secured a wide reputation. in contracting for a building suitable for the purpose, intending it to be used only for a few years or until it could be changed into a State institution, In the spring of 1862 circulars were issued as follows:
" THE UNION NORMAL SCHOOL, located at Millsboro', Washington Co., Pa. For the convenience of teachers in Washington, Fayette, and Greene Counties. Under the supervision of the county superintendents; who will give instruction in teaching, and lecture during the term.
" Remarks .- The necessity and importance of such an institution are evidenced in the local and increasing demand for better teachers, cor- rect in theory, and skilful in practice. In addition to this, the instruc- tions of the State Department of Common Schools require a much higher standard of attainment than has yet been acquired by the great majority of our teachers. For the purpose of affording to all increased facilities for receiving the higher standard of attainment, the above has been es- tablished ... Our educational system is progressive, and teachers must either improve or give place to those who will. The examinations the next year will demand increased proficiency ; therefore we recommend that all teachers holding Provisional Certificates, and others desiring to prepare for the Profession of Teaching, and who propose continuing in the Profession, will avail themselves of the facilities offered.
" J. V. GIBBONS, " A. J. BUFFINGTON, " County Superintendents.
" The first term of the first academic year will commence on Monday, the 28th of April, 1862.
" T. J. HORNER, Principal,
" Assisted by an able corps of Professional Teachers."
The pupils in attendance at this term, as given in the circular of the academic year of 1863-64, is as follows: "Teachers, higher department, 95; teachers, preparatory department, 30; boarding students, 60; day pupils, 70; number preparing to teach, 70."
The school was called at the next term "South- western Normal School." During the year 1863 Mr. Horner's health failed, and on the 27th of January, 1864, he died, having given up the charge to A. J. Buffington and J. C. Gilchrist, assisted by T. J. Teal. It was carried on through another year, that of 1864- 65, when the school building and home of Mr. Horner were sold, and bought in by a company, who let the in- terest subside, but Mr. Gilchrist, being still interested, returned to California, Washington County, and suc- ceeded in raising money enough to secure the State appropriation, and the normal school was moved to California. An offer of the union school building was made to them, which the trustees or faculty ac- cepted. The union school was merged into it, and opened with an attendance of 143 during the summer session.
Southwestern State Normal School.1-This school, located on the Monongahela, at California, Pa., had its origin in the educational sentiment of the early settlers of the town, a sentiment nourished and developed by the establishment of a high school or academy in the year 1854. Chief among those who led the way in this enterprise was Job Johnson, Esq., one of the proprietors of the town. And here let it be said to the honor of all concerned that by a provision in the chartered rights, a provision vital to icating liquors was forever prohibited within the bor- ough limits.
'The charter of incorporation of the normal school was approved by Governor A. G. Curtin March 16, 1865. Section 1 says that the corporate name and title of this institution shall be Southwestern Normal College of Pennsylvania until and before the time it may be recognized as a State normal school under the act of Legislature passed April 15, 1859, when it can take such name and title as may be consistent with the provisions of that act. ·
Section 2 says the object of this association is to found a normal college, in which shall be taught a course of study consisting of the English branches, the natural sciences, mathematics, the languages, metaphysics, music, and the science and art of teaching.
The first recorded meeting. of the trustees took place in Seminary Hall, June 18, 1864. Prof. T. J. Teal, then county superintendent of Greene County, but also at that time a teacher in the school, was called to the chair, and an election held, resulting
1 By Prof. G. G. IIertzog, Secretary of the Board of Trustees.
SOUTHWESTERN STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, CALIFORNIA, WASHINGTON CO., PA.
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COUNTY BUILDINGS.
in the choice of Joseph A. Lambert, president; L. September, 1870. The school was without a princi- W. Morgan, vice-president; and Samuel Sickman, | pal then till June, 1871, Prof. Hertzog having charge, secretary. At this meeting Profs. Buffington, Teal, ; when Prof. C. L. Ehrenfeld, of Hollidaysburg, Pa., and Yeagley, superintendents of Washington, Greene, and Fayette Counties respectively, were appointed to select a site for the normal school building.
Prominent among the early movers and workers were Prof. W. N. Hull, Rev. Abner Jackson, Rev. J. C. Momyer, Job Johnson, Esq., Edward Riggs, John N. Dixon, and Prof. Gilchrist, now of the State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Iowa. G. M. Eber- ; in normal school work, and possessing the elements man, William McFall, S. W. Craft, G. G. Hertzog, S. M. Binns, A. P. Smith, Thomas Johnson, E. N. Lilley, Capt. J. B. Williams, and W. W. Jackman came to the work a little later, but were earnest and efficient workers. So evenly were the chances of suc- cess and failure balanced in the long struggle to found the school that if any one of a dozen had failed to co- operate, the enterprise must have failed. But Prof. J. C. Gilchrist, who first led the way, and President John N. Dixon, for his manly devotion to the work through so many years, deserve especial mention.
The laying of the corner-stone took place Aug. 26, 1868, in the presence of a large concourse of people. Gen. John W. Geary, then Governor of the State, was present, and delivered an appropriate and elo- quent address.
Because of a lack of means the work was much hindered, so that the school was not adopted as a State institution till June, 1874. It then took the title of Southwestern State Normal School. The buildings were completed in 1875, costing in the ag- gregate $90,000. In the mean time the work of the school was done in the old building till 1870, when it was begun in the new.
The school is designed specially as a training- school for teachers, and all applicants for examina- tion from among the students indorsed by the faculty are tested by a State Board of Examiners. The first class, consisting of two members, was graduated in 1875. The succeeding classes numbered respectively six, nine, twenty-two, thirty, twenty-five, twenty- eight, and forty, aggregating one hundred and sixty- two. Not one of all indorsed by the faculty, and presented to the board for examination, has been re- jected.
But the value of the school is not to be estimated simply by the number and work of its graduates ; for before the school was adopted by the State, as well as since, hundreds of others have gone from the school to do efficient work as teachers.
was chosen. Prof. Ehrenfeld continued at the head of the school till January, 1877, when he resigned his position to become the State librarian. Soon af- ter, Prof. George P. Beard, formerly principal of Ship- pensburg Normal School, but later of the State of Missouri, was chosen principal, and remains in that office still. Prof. Beard having had large experience
of a successful leader, the school has advanced rapidly under his management. In the State super- intendent's report for 1866, it is stated that the num- ber of students in the Southwestern Normal College was two hundred and sixty-one, nearly one hundred of whom taught in the county. This institution by its thorough work is giving an earnest of what it will accomplish when recognized as a "State Normal School." In the catalogue just published, that for 1882-83, the number in normal school for the past year is three hundred and fifty-five, besides an en- rollment in the model school of one hundred and eighty-two, making a total of five hundred and thirty- seven. The school is managed by a board of eighteen trustees, twelve of whom are chosen by the stock- holders and six by the State. Following are the names of the present board :
Elected by the stockholders, -William McFall, A. P. Smith, W. W. Jackman, Louis S. Miller, John N. Dixon, Esq., Z. W. Morgan, S. W. Craft, G. M. Eber- man, Prof. G. G. Hertzog, Luke P. Bezell, O. Horn- bake, Rev. D. A. Pierce.
Appointed by the State, Hon. Gibson Binns, Col. Chill W. Hazzard, Hon. G. V. Lawrence, Hon. J. K. Billingsley, Hon. Daniel Kaine, Prof. T. J. Teal.
Officers of Board of Trustees,-Jno. N. Dixon, Esq., president; Prof. G. G. Hertzog, secretary ; S. M. Binns, treasurer.
Faculty,-George P. Beard, A.M., principal; T. B. Noss, A.M., vice-principal; G. G. Hertzog, mathe- matics ; J. B. Smith, natural sciences and Latin ; W. S. Jackman, geography and history ; D. C. Murphy, penmanship and drawing; Miss A. M. Mehaffey, elo- cution and gymnastics ; Miss Lizzie Patton, grammar and rhetoric; T. R. Wakefield, geography and his- tory ; Miss Ella M. McClure, model school ; Miss Hattie E. Jackman, model school.
Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was the first principal of the CHAPTER XXXVII. "Normal College," but when in 1866 he was elected COUNTY BUILDINGS-CIVIL LIST-COUNTY AGRI- CULTURAL SOCIETIES-POPULATION. superintendent of the public schools of Washington County, Prof. A. J. Buffington, the retiring superin- tendent, was chosen principal; but after a successful IN the act erecting Washington County passed March 28, 1781, Section IX. directs "the courts to be held at the house of David Hoge, Esq., until a session of five months retired to his farm. Prof. Gil- christ still continued his interest in the school during his term of office, severing his connection finally in | court-house shall be built or otherwise provided for."
464
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
The house of David Hoge here mentioned was situ- ated on the lot that in the plat made in October of that year became No. 58, and is now occupied by the Strean block on Main Street. It was sold during the month of October, 1781, to Charles Dodd on a cer- tificate, and in the first tax levy made for Washing- ton County (which was in September, 1783, the taxes of 1781-82 having been exonerated) occurs this item, "Laid on to pay the Court-House rent to Charles or John Dodd, £40." The amount and the date here given is presumptive evidence that the rent paid was for the years 1781-82. The treasurer's account of 1783 contains the following items : " To pay Charles Dodd Court-House rent, £15." "To pay James Wilson, by order of Trustees, the rent of a house to hold Court in, £9." The last item shows that one term of court was held at James Wilson's house, who at that time kept tavern on lot 291, where the store of William Smith now stands, on the corner of Main and Beau Streets.
The tax levy laid May 12, 1784, has this item : " Laid on to pay Mr. Dodd for the use of the house Court is held in, £20. Reference to the treasurer's books shows that this refers to Charles Dodd. The tax levy of 1785, made in January of that year, has the following : " For rent of Court-House, £20." The treasurer's account shows this amount to have been paid to John Dodd,1 as also the same amount in 1786, as per levy of that year. In 1787 the amount is doubtless covered in a deficiency account of £60, as the treasurer's account shows that John Dodd was paid for "Court-House rent £5," to pay James Wil- son, "as rent for house, £6." The above extracts and references show with considerable clearness in what places the courts of the county were held prior to the completion of the first court-house, in 1787.
The law erecting the county provided and declared "That it shall be lawful to and for James Edgar, Hugh Scott, Van Swearingen, Daniel Leet, and John Armstrong, or any three of them, to take up or pur- chase and take assurance to them and their heirs of a piece of land situate in some convenient place in the said county, to be approved by the President and Supreme Executive Council, in trust, and for the use of the inhabitants of said county, and thereupon to erect and build a court-house and prison sufficient to accommodate the public service of said county." In pursuance of the authority thus conferred, the trustees on the 18th of October, 1781, purchased of David Hoge, proprietor of the town of Washington, a lot of land on which to erect public buildings; it being the same on which the present court-house, jail, sheriff's residence, and town hall now stand, and which is known as the "public square." The description of the lot sold by Hoge is given in his deed to the trus-
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tees, as follows: " A lott of ground in the said Bassett Town [Washington], fronting and extending along Monongahela Street2 Two hundred and forty feet; and in the same manner along Ohio3 street two hun- dred and forty feet; Thence with the Lott marked in the original plan of the said town, No. 123-that is, number one hundred and twenty-three; Thence with Johnston's Alley two hundred and forty feet to the Monongahela Street aforesaid ; and allso all Trees and appurtenances to the said described Lott or piece of ground belonging ; and allso all the Reversion or Re- versions Rents or Services of the premises, and every part thereof." The consideration named by the grantor in his deed, is "for his good will he beareth to the inhabitants of the said county of Washington, and for the sum of five shillings to him in hand paid by the aforesaid Hugh Scott, Van Swearingen, Esqr. Daniel Lite [Leet] and John Armstrong."
The earliest record of any public action taken in reference to the building of a court-house on the ground purchased by the trustees for the purpose, is found in the minutes of the court for the April term in 1782, viz .: "The Court order that the Prothono- tary write to the Trustees of the County, informing them of the urgent necessity of a Court House and Goal; and that the Court will find themselves under the disagreeable necessity of representing the remiss- ness of the said Trustees, if something is not speedily done in that respect." This admonition from the court (or some other cause) had the effect to induce the trustees to commence the erection of a court-house and jail during the succeeding year, but the work proceeded so slowly that it was not until July, 1787, that the building was ready for occupancy. They were built of logs, and situated in the rear of the public ground near the southwest corner. With reference to this building and its location, Prof. John Messenger writes as follows, basing his statement on information given by Mordecai Hoge, son of John Hoge, viz .: " When about six years of age, he (Mor- decai Hoge) attended school in Washington. It was held in a hewed log cabin, and corresponding writing- desks, with benches made of long slabs. It stood on the right side of the alley where the worshipers of the United Presbyterian Church are accustomed to put their conveyances, a little below where the old weigh-scales were placed. The court-house and jail at that time were on the first floor, and under the same roof. The room in the second story was used for an academy, being the origin of Washington Col- lege. The Rev. Thaddeus Todd was the principal."
In the mean time, before the erection of the log court-house and jail, the prisoners of the county had been kept in Charles Dodd's log stable, which had been fitted up and strengthened for the purpose, but which was nevertheless so insecure that frequent complaints and protests concerning it came from the
1 The court was still held in the log house on lot No. 58, as this prop- erty passed from Charles Dodd to John Dodd. The latter kept a tavern, however, at that time on lot 274, where Hastings' hardware store now stands.
2 Now Main Street.
3 Now Beau Street.
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COUNTY BUILDINGS.
court, the sheriff, and others. In 1784, when some desperate criminals were confined in it, the sheriff was compelled to call on the county lieutenant for a detachment of militia to guard it to prevent escapes. Forty men were called out for this duty under Capt. Joseph Bane, and served several days in July, 1784, and twenty-three men were on duty as guards from August 14th to October 2d following.1 In December of the same year "The Grand Inquest presented as follows, to wit : At the request of James Marshall, Esqr., High Sheriff of the county of Washington, we, the Grand Jurors for the body of the said county of Washington at December term, 1784, have had view of the Gaol of the said county, and unanimously pre-, sent that the said Gaol is insufficient.
" JOHN HOGE, Foreman."
In the following year the grand jury (John Hoge, foreman) presented, "That the Jail of said county is in many respects insufficient and a disgrace to the county.' That the walls are so weak and ill con- structed as to afford no security for the safe keeping of any prisoner, and it would therefore be unjust and unreasonable to make the sheriff answerable for any escape. That it is not above half the proper dimen- sions, and the windows not placed to receive or circu- late fresh air, and that the unfortunate debtor is nes- sessarily without proper accommodations, and must be kept in an impure atmosphere calculated to en- gender disorder and endanger the lives of the citizens. That we fear those who ought to provide proper ac- commodations have not correctly estimated the liber- ality of the citizens of Washington County, and we trust this admonitory hint will induce the commis- sioners of the county to commence immediately the necessary work for the public security and accommo- dation."
At the July sessions of 1787, when the new court- house and jail building was in process of construc- tion and nearly completed, " James Marshall, Esquire, Sheriff, Represented to the Court that the place now used for a Gaol is altogether insufficient for the said purpose, and that there is a room in the new Gaol in considerable good condition for confining pris- oners, wherefore the Court called upon John Hoge and Andrew Swearingen, Esqrs., undertakers for the new Gaol, who informed the Court that they were at liberty to order the Prisoners into the said room if they thought fit, and thereupon the Court order that the Sheriff confine his prisoners in future in the said room, and also remove those now in con- finement thereto."
It appears however that the new jail was nearly as unsatisfactory as Dodd's stable building had been. In 1788 John H. Redick, "Jaylor," presented a bill
for " feeding William Wilson, a criminal, from the 5th day of November, 1787, to the 24th day of Feb- ruary, 1788, at 28. per day, at which time he broke Gaol and was brought back." Other items in his account were as follows: "To feeding Edward Stephens, a criminal, from the 31st day of December, 1787, to the 24th day of February, then broke." "Pot Owens, a criminal from the 26th day of August, 1788, to October, 1788, at 2s. per day. Then convicted and fed on strong victuals to the 23d day of October." Whether Owens " broke" at the last date or not is not stated in the bill.
The court-house building continued in use a little more than three years, and was destroyed by fire in the winter of 1790-91. From that time until the completion of a new court-house the courts were held at the house of James Wilson, as appears from entries of sums of money paid him for the use of his house for that purpose. The second court-house on the public square was commenced in 1791, the work hav- ing been let by contract to John Reed, Benjamin Reed, and William Reed, but at what price is not shown. Among the orders drawn on the treasurer in 1791 was the following: "To pay John, Benjamin, and William Reed £300, in orders 51, 52 and 58, of £100 each." In the next year the following appear : " To pay James Marshall for cash advanced and ma- terials furnished on account of the public buildings, £60 .... To pay John Reed, Benjamin Reed, and William Reed (on their orders), being in full for the Bill against the County according to their contract up to this time, paving and plastering not included, not being perfected, £807 11 1. ... To pay William Gray for measuring and calculating the Public Build- ings, £6 61." And on the 8th of January, 1793 : "To pay John, William, and Benjamin Reed in full for work done to Court-House, Offices, Gaol, and Well, &c., &c., £157 8 10."
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