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A Speech delivered in the House of Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania, May 24th, 1764, by John Dickinson, Esq., one of the Members for the County of Philadelphia, on Occasion of a Petition drawn up by order, and then under Con- sideration of the House, praying his Majesty for a Change of the Government of this Province, etc. 1764.
The Speech of Joseph Galloway, Esq., one of the Members for Philadelphia County, in answer to the Speech of John Dickinson, Esq., delivered in the House of Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania, May 24, 1764, on Occasion of a Petition drawn up by Order, and then under the Consideration of the House, praying his Majesty for a Royal in Lieu of a Proprietary Government. 1764.
A Reply to a Piece called " The Speech of Joseph Galloway, Esq.," by John Dickinson. 1764.
An Examination of the Connecticut Claim to Lands in Pennsylvania, with an Appendix containing Extracts and Copies taken from original Papers. 1774.
RECORDS
Colonial Records of Connecticut.
" North Carolina.
66
" Pennsylvania.
Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York.
Minutes of the Common Council of the City of Philadelphia.
Pennsylvania Archives.
Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the Province of Penn- sylvania.
.
583
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.
583]
LAWS
Charter to William Penn and Laws of the Province of Pennsylvania, passed 1682-1700 * * * edited by Staughton George et al.
The Laws of the Province of Pennsylvania, published by Bradford, Franklin, Hall and Sellers, Miller and Co., Dallas, Carey and Bioren, and Smith, have also been extensively used.
OTHER AUTHORITIES
Of these only the most important will be mentioned.
Breviat of Evidence; Penn and Baltimore (Pa. Arch., 2nd series, xvi.).
Franklin, Benjamin. Works ed. by Jared Sparks. 10 vols. Boston, 1836-40. Hazard, Samuel. Annals of Pennsylvania, 1609-1682. Philadelphia, 1850. Register of Pennsylvania. 16 vols. Philadelphia, 1828-36.
Hoyt, H. M. Brief of a Title in the Seventeen Townships in the County of Luzerne. A Syllabus of the Controversy between Connecticut and Penn- sylvania. Read before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, 1879.
Huston. An Essay on the History and Nature of Original Titles to Land in the Province and State of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1849.
Penn, William. Select Works. London, 1771.
Pennsylvania Gazette.
Pennsylvania Historical Society.
a. Collections. I vol. Philadelphia, 1853.
b. Magazine of History and Biography. 20 vols. 1877-96.
c. Memoirs. 14 vols. Philadelphia, 1827-95. (Penn and Logan Corres- pondence in vols, ix., x.)
Pennsylvania Journal.
Pollexfen, Sir Henry. Discourse of Trade, Coin and Paper Credit. London, 1697. Proud, Robert. History of Pennsylvania, 1681-1742. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1797-98.
Reed, John. Explanation of the City and Liberties of Philadelphia. 1774.
Shippen Papers. Ed. by Thomas Balch. Philadelphia, 1855.
Watson, J. F. Annals of Philadelphia. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1830, 1844.
INDEX
A
Act of Settlement, 246-8.
Affirmation, a tenet of the Quakers, 351-2; in frame of 1696, 283, 354; in Great Law, 352-3; in statutes of parliament, 353, 355, 364, 367-8; concession of Gov. Fletcher, 353-4; in Penn's administration, 354; order from Queen Anne, 355, 357-60, 362; in Gov. Evans' administration, 357-9: opinion of William Penn and James Logan, 359-60, 362; not favored by Episcopalians, 360, 364, 549; provincial acts repealed, 361-2; in Gov. Gookin's adminis- tration, 361-7; provincial acts of 1718 and 1724, 367, 388-9; special acts, 368; address to the crown, 388-9.
Agent, proprietary, 8, 173, 497.
Agent, provincial, 221 2, 396, 417, 486, 488, 559.
Aliens, 65, 66, 252, 368.
Allen, William, 457, 558.
Appeal. See Crown.
Assembly, efforts to control the land system, 54-71; remonstrance against Penn, 59, 248 n, 287 n, 301-3, 307, 344 n ; kindly statements regarding Penn, 89 », 96 n, 211, 245-8, 250-1, 257, 553, 556; ignores Penn's misfortunes, 184; petitions against Gov. Thomas, 207 n, 420, 524-5; in the frames of govern- ment, 227, 233-5, 239-42, 251-2, 283-4; in charter of privileges, 292-4; opinion of Benj. Furly, 238-9; at Upland, 242; power to initiate legisla- tion, 243, 245, 262-5, 276, 279, 283, 286, 288-9; membership too large, 239, 243-5, 248 n, 313; denies Penn a veto power, 246; dispute with the coun- cil, 253-4, 258, 262-3, 320; power of self-adjournment, 283, 294, 295 1, 297-8, 300-1, 312, 493 n; members to pay half taxes, 436; on proprietary taxation, 443, 453, 491, 556; on proprietary instructions, 452, 460-1, 476 et seq., 482, 485, 487-91, 553-4, 556; on royal instructions, 517 2, Gov. Morris on the powers of, 446-7; withholds salary of governors, 455-6 n ; encroachments of, 463-4, 468, 518 et seq., 534; equal representation in, 494 2, 546-8; proceedings to be sent to England, 4942; on question of defense, 499-501, 506, 511-12, 522, 527-8, 532-3; exclusion of Quakers from, 535-9; favors royal government, 550-9, 566-7; address to John Penn, 571; on res- olutions of Congress, 572; deprived of powers, 574-5.
585]
585
[586
INDEX
586
Assent or dissent, proprietary right of. See Instructions.
Assessors, 437-9, 442-3, 450, 459, 465.
Attorney-General, opinions of, on land legislation, acts of 1712 and 1759, 61 n, 462; on title to the Lower Counties, 124, 349; on land grants, 149; on the charter of privileges, 295 n; on the provincial council, 320 n; on affirma- tions, 357, 361-2; on courts of judicature, 383, 394-5; on rating of coins, 403 n; on proprietary taxation, 454, 462; on proprietary instructions, 491-2; on colonial laws, 514; on royal instructions, 518 n; on question of defense, 528.
Auditor-General. See Land Office.
B
Bailiff in manors, 47 n.
Ballot, 228, 230, 232, 235, 247, 266, 284, 292-3.
Baltimore, Lord, controversy with the Penns, 117-146; power in legislation, 475 476 n.
Bank lots, 37 n. Bank, provincial, 410, 412. Baronage, 226. Barony, 15 n, 46.
Bills of Credit, penalties for counterfeiting, 389, 413, 419; in other colonies, 410; discussion concerning, 405-10; suggestions of Gov. Keith, 410-11; laws for the issue of, 412-21, 427-31; as legal tender, 413, 420, 422, 432 2, 433; em- bezzlement in loan office, 417; influence on sterling, 418-19; action of parli- ament, 419-20, 422, 424, 428 n, 432; suspending clause, 420-5, 486; methods of redemption, 410, 412-14, 418, 421, 424-34; amount in 1764, 432 n; pri- vate issue of, 433; aggregate in Pa., 434; issue to be discouraged, 486-7, 494 n.
Blackwell, Gov. John, 264-9, 372, 483, 499.
Board of Trade, opinion on warrants of survey, 64; on petition of Baltimore, 136, 138; on Connecticut claim, 156; on claims to Western Pa., 165; on Penn's proprietorship of the Lower Counties, 345 n ; on oaths and affirmations, 355; on tenure of judges, 399; on bills of credit, 415, 423 2, 425-6, 431; on pro- prietary taxation, 462-4; instructions to Penn, 503; reports against proprie- tary government, 506-8, 513-14, 543-4; function in colonial legislation, 514-17; criticises assembly and proprietors, 518 et seq .; reports on petition for defense, 527; and on militia bill, 533-5; negotiations with Penn, 541 et seq. Braddock, Gen. Edward, 427, 448, 531-33. Bucks County, 547-8.
587]
INDEX
587
C
Catholics, antipathy toward, 369, 487, 493 n.
Charles, Robert, 464, 488.
Charter, royal, nature of, 7; of Pa., 7, 8, 10, 13, 90, 172-4; of Privileges, see Frames of Government; of Philadelphia, 298, 312.
Chester, 242, 368.
Chester County, 134 2, 324, 547-8.
Chew, Benjamin, 558, 570.
Chancery in Pa., 391-5.
Columbia University, 212 n.
Commissioners, county, 437-8, 459, 465, 471-2.
Commissioners of Property. See Land Office.
Commissioners, provincial, 465, 471-2.
Commissioners of State, 261-2. Committee of Safety, 572, 575.
Common Law, 390.
"Conditions and Concessions." See Land.
Conestogoe Manor, 203, 546 n. Connecticut, claims in Pa., 104, 146-160.
Congress, 572-4.
"Conservators," 235. Constitutional Convention, 575.
Council of Censors, 236 n.
Council of Safety, 575.
Council, Privy, action on Penn's petition for Pa., 10; on petitions from squatters in Pa., 50 n ; on Penn-Baltimore controversy, 130, 136; instructions to Gov. Keith, 200; appeal to, 385 n; instructions concerning bills of credit, 420; favors resumption of proprietary governments, 498; restores government to Penn, 500; function in colonial legislation, 173, 514-16; opinion on peti- tions for royal government, 569.
Council, provincial, Free Society of Traders represented in, 45; members paid, 78 n ; action on the excise law, 78-9; in early frames of government, 228, 230, 233-5; to explain the first frame of government, 236; initiates legisla- tion, 237 n, 238, 252, 262-3, 265, 279, 283, 286, 287 n, 293; in first frame, 239-42; membership of, 239, 243, 245, 248 n, 317, 321 n ; in second frame, 251-2; as governor, 253, 271, 317; on promulgation of bills, 253-4, 258, 263; in Blackwell's administration, 265-9; tenure of, 274, 280-1, 283, 288, 293, 317; in third frame, 283; advice and consent necessary, 283, 320-1,
588
INDEX [588
485, 487; in charter of privileges, 292-6, 320; functions of, 317-18, 371; in- fluence of, 317, 318, 321; legislative powers of, 318-21; commission to (1701), 318; action regarding the Lower Counties, 325, 340; qualifications of, 355-6; members to pay half taxes, 436; opinion on commissions to judges, 386-7; as court of chancery, 392-5.
% Council, Supreme Executive, 87, 92, 160, 168.
Counts Palatine, powers of, 5, 6.
County Court, power of license, 80, 82, 109; imposes taxes, 436-8; judicial powers, see Courts. "
County Palatine, Pa. in form a, 6.
County Revenue, 79, 80, 82, 436-8.
Court Baron and Court Leet, 16, 46, 374-5.
Courts of Judicature, powers of the proprietor, 173, 370, 381-2, 399; early provision for, 230; commissions to judges, 328 n, 370, 386-8, 399-400; tenure of judges, 314, 370, 378-9, 393-4, 398-400; county and provincial, 371, 373-4, 382-3, 388-90, 396, 398-400 : equity, 371, 373-9, 381-5, 391-5, 395, 487, 494 n ; in Gov. Evans' administration, 374-82; by ordinance, 376-7, 379-82, 384; the act of 1718, 388-90.
Crown, in Pa. charter, 7; appeals to, 173, 373, 382, 384-5 n; immediate legisla- tive power of, 448-9; prerogatives invaded, 462-4, 491, 518 et seq .; should exercise jurisdiction over Pa., 498-9, 507, 512-13, 540 et seq, 552 et seq, 569-70.
Cumberland County, 465-7, 546, 548 n.
Cumberland, Duke of, 479 n.
D
Defense. See Militia. Delaware, state of, 9, 345.
Denny, Gov. William, 399, 428, 430, 451-3, 455-61, 479, 493, 518-20, 538 », 558 n.
Deodands, 79.
Dickinson, John, 558-9, 571 n ; speech of, 560 et seq.
Divestment Act, 87, 89-92.
Dongan, Thomas, 97-8, 148.
Dunmore, Lord, 163-5.
Durham, Bishop of, 6, 10 n, 386.
E
Episcopalians, oppose the Quakers, 344 n, 360, 364, 549; favor royal government, 508-9, 549-50; in proprietary party, 549, 551.
Equity. See Courts.
589]
INDEX
589
Escheat, 5, 16, 30, 65-7, 77, 87, 295.
Evans, Cadwallader, 13 n.
Evans, Gov. John, 297-300, 307, 342-5, 347, 357-9, 374-82, 485, 509-10.
Exports and Imports, a proprietary right, 77-9.
F
Fairs, a proprietary right, 6, 494 2.
Fees, a proprietary right, 77, 81, 494 n.
Ferries, a proprietary right, 30, 77, 81-3, 487, 494 n.
Fines, a proprietary right, 77, 79, 377-8, 382, 494 n.
Fletcher, Gov. Benjamin, 82, 132, 188 n, 274-7, 353-4, 499-500.
Ford, Philip, relations with William Penn, 184-98.
Foreigners. See Aliens.
Forfeiture, a proprietary right, 5, 16, 28, 65, 77-9, 377-8, 382, 494 n.
Frames of Government, nature of, 225; early drafts of, 225-35; first frame pro- bationary, 236; criticised by Furly, 236 et seq ; first frame, 239-44; first frame amended, 246-7; transition to second frame, 247-51; second frame, 56, 251-2; Penn's threat to vacate, 261; validity of second frame, 274, 284 n, 287-8; third frame, 278-84; transition to charter of privileges, 285-92; provisions of charter of privileges, 292-6, 354 2; Penn's attitude toward charter of privileges, 293, 310-12; his sons' opinion of charter of privileges, 295 2 ; Penn's account of the transition from first frame to charter of privi- leges, 313; charter of privileges not accepted by Lower Counties, 338, 341; David Lloyd's opinion of charter of privileges, 477.
Franklin, Benjamin, statement concerning quit-rents untrustworthy, 67 n; erron- eous estimate of proprietary estates, 84-5, 88-9; " Historical Review " unre- liable, 88 n ; as Indian commissioner, 104 22 ; as agent for the assembly, 105, 453, 464, 471 n, 490, 523 2, 567-9; member of a land company, 163 2; sneers at William Penn, 175 n, 179 2; democratic spirit, 222 2 ; garbled ac- count of events of 1682-3, 248 n, and of Penn's instructions, 261 17 ; state- ment concerning Gov. Blackwell improbable, 266 2 ; insinuations regarding remonstrance of 1704, 303-4; statement concerning Gov. Evans refuted, 342 n ; assertion regarding James Logan refuted, 380 2 ; prints paper money, 418 n, and favors prudent issue of the same, 427; efforts to establish a militia, 529-30; of service to Braddock, 532; criticises the Quakers, 529, 533; antagonistic to the proprietors, 85, 88 2, 296 2, 552-3, 555; favors royal government, 557-559; efforts to defeat, 565-6; as royal governor, 565-6; president of committee of safety, 572, and of constitutional conven tion, 575.
Franklin, William, 566.
Frankpledge, view of, 16, 46.
590
INDEX
[590
"Free Society of Traders," 38, 45.
"Friendly Association," 114. Frontier Settlements, 50-3.
" Fundamental Constitutions," 231 et seq, 237 et seq, 240 n.
Furly, Benjamin, 236 et seq, 244-5, 252.
G
Galloway, Joseph, 557, 559, 565-6; 571; speech of, 562 et seq.
Germans, immigration of, 50, 236, 545; influenced by Quakers, 525-6, 549; in politics, 545, 549, 565-6.
Gookin, Gov. Charles, 13 2, 59, 307, 361-7, 382, 384, 475 n, 485, 510-11.
Gordon, Gov. Patrick, 200, 350, 393-4, 396-7, 416-17, 486, 550.
Government, kinds of colonial, 5.
Government, Commonwealth established in Pa., 574-5.
Government, Home, jealous of proprietary provinces, 61 n, 290, 495, 498, 506-8, 513-14, 518 et seq .; opposed to private acts, 82 n; to control Indian affairs, 106; assumes jurisdiction over Pa., 273-4, 499, and of other proprietary provinces, 513n, 518; restores government to Penn, 500; treatment of colonial laws, 513 et seq, 518-19; hostile to the Quakers in Pa., 527, 534-5, 537; tries to purchase Pa., 568 70.
Government of Pennsylvania, characteristies of, 171-2; provisions of the royal charter concerning, 172-4; defined, 199; sale to the crown, 199-200, 540 et seq., 568-70; ownership of, 199 et seq.
Governor, duties in the land office, 29-30; in early drafts of frames of govern- ment, 227-8, 230, 233, 235; veto power of, 238-9, 245-6, 248 n, 249-51; in first frame, 239-42; in second frame, 251-2; in third frame, 283; to follow advice and consent of the council, 283, 320-1, 485, 487; in charter of privi- leges, 292-6; powers of, 474 et seq., 490-2.
" Great Law," 232, 243, 352-3, 371, 435.
Growden, Joseph, 252, 365 n.
Guest, John, 298.
H
Halifax, Lord, 480 n, 489.
Hamilton, Gov. Andrew, 58, 292, 338-42, 355 2, 503 2, 550.
Hamilton, Gov. James, 65, 162, 167, 422-4, 445-6, 457, 461 n, 468-9, 486-7. 538 n, 554 n. Harcourt, Sir Simon, 195.
"Heads of Complaint," 490-1.
Henlopen, Cape, location of, 119-20, 124, 131, 133, 140-2.
591
INDEX
591]
" Historical Review." See Franklin.
Hockley, Richard, 558.
" Holy Experiment," Penn's, 9, 176. House of Freemen, 229-30.
House of Proprietors, 227, 229-30.
Hughes, John, 63.
Hundreds, 174, 232.
I "In capite," defined, 15 n.
Improvements, a title to land, 28, 48-50, 73, 75.
"Indian fields," 28.
Indians, to be kindly treated, 18; dislike squatters, 50, 102 2, 110 et seq ; title to land recognized by William Penn and sons, 17, 19, 96; tribes in Pa., 94; Penn's policy toward, 95, 96 n ; origin of, 95 n; purchases of land from, 96- 107; cause of hostilities with, 50, 102 2, 103, 108, 114; accusation of Teedyus- cung, 105-6; regulations of trade with, 107-10; private persons not to buy land from, III; boundaries settled with, 115-16; protest against invasion from Conn., 151; proprietary instructions regarding, 19, 485, 494 n; mur- dered at Lancaster, 547 n.
Instructions from constituents, 233, 238.
Instructions, proprietary, concerning quit-rents, 419; assembly opposed to, 452, 460-1, 477, 482, 485, 487-91, 553-4, 556; governor under bond to obey, 455-6, 458, 460, 474-5, 477, 480, 486, 490, 491-2; character of, 474-6; pro- prietary assent or dissent, 261, 267, 475-6, 483-4; opinion of David Lloyd, 477-9, and of Thomas Pownall, 479 et seq .; how issued, 482; to the commis- sioners (1681), 19; to Markham, 280-1, 482, 501; to the commissioners of state, 261-2; to Blackwell, 264, 266-7, 483; to the council, 271, 483; to Evans and Gookin, 485; to Keith, 455 n, 485; how communicated to the assembly, 485 n, 488-9; to Gordon, 486; to Thomas, 486, 522; to Hamilton, 445, 469, 486-7; to Morris, 486-7, 531; to Denny, 428 n, 451-3, 455; to John Penn, 469, 471 2, 493 n ; proprietors unwilling to be responsible for, 487-8; defended before the Board of Trade, 489; at times impossible to en- force, 490; opinion of crown lawyers, 491-2, and of proprietors, 492 ~3; of little force after 1764, 494.
Instructions, royal, character and validity of, 420, 422-4, 517 n.
Islands, 13 n. Irish in Pa., 50, 546.
J
Jackson, Richard, 567-8.
Jerseys, The, 9, 70, 116, 518.
592
INDEX
[592
Johnson, Sir William, 104-106, 115-16, 151 2, 153 2, 154, 167.
Judges. See Courts.
K
Keeper of the Great Seal. See Land Office.
Keith, George, 272.
Keith, Gov. (Sir) William, 82 2, 200-1, 308, 349-50, 386-7, 391-3, 410-11, 455 1, 475 2, 485, 512-13, 550-1.
King. See Crown.
Knight's Service, 15.
L
Lancaster County, 546.
Land, provisions of royal charter concerning, 13-16; how held by grantees, 16; no subinfeudation in Pa., 16; how divided, 17; early conditions of sale, 17- 18; " Conditions and Concessions," 18-20, 23-5, 90-1; proclamation con- cerning, 28; how granted to "first purchasers," 22; proprietors reserve vacant, 28n, 58 n; governor to grant escheated, 30; private applications forbidden, 30 n ; prices of, 34-5, 49 n, 73, 88; sold by lottery, 34 n ; granted for quit-rent only, 37 n, 454; " campaign land," 52-3; legislation concern- ing, 54-71; concealed, 58n ; the "application system," 71-3; speculation in, 71-5; proprietary control a benefit, 75; in second frame of government, 56, 252.
Land Office, officers of, 24-5, 27-31; in confusion, 26-7; procedure of, 31-6; Penn requested to establish a, 56 n; "much of a mystery," 61, 65; attempt of assembly to control, 62-4; forbidden to be closed, 65; new regulations for, 72-3; under authority of the state, 86.
" Laws agreed upon in England," 226, 232, 236, 243, 435, 573.
Laws, colonial, to be sent to England, 173, 283, 483, 486, 494 n ; validity when not sealed, 267-9; or sent to England, 276-7; subject to repeal by parlia- ment, 366; how treated in England, 513 et seq., 518-19.
Liberties. See Philadelphia.
Liberty of Conscience, 295, 369, 522, 527.
Licenses, a proprietary right, 77, 80-1, 294, 377-8.
Lloyd, David, 58-9, 89 n, 193, 285, 293, 301-4, 308, 309, 342, 364, 378 n, 380, 388, 391, 476-8, 505, 511, 550.
Lloyd, Thomas, 79 n, 253, 265-9, 272, 274, 284 2, 330, 372-3.
Loan Office. See Bills of Credit.
Logan, James, 22 n, 196, 308-10, 320, 342 n, 359-60, 380, 406 n, 484 2, 496, 502 n, 504 n, 511, 540 n, 542 n, 544 2, 550.
London, Bishop of, 96 n, 174, 360-1.
593
INDEX
593]
London Meeting, 190-1, 538-9.
Lots in Philadelphia. See Purchasers.
Louisburg, 421, 528.
Lower Counties, the state of Delaware, 9, 345; deputy receivers in, 39; no quit- rent in, 40; property claimed by, 57; a public charge, 57 2; petition con- cerning patents, 60; protected by rangers, 77 2; Indian sales in, 97; Penn's grant of, 119-23; distinct from Maryland, 124, 130-2, 143-4; outrages in, 131-3, 138; Baltimore petitions for, 131, 135, 138; boundary of, 134 2, 135, 143, 146; title of crown to, 123, 131, 142, 322, 349; title of Duke of York to, 119 et seq. ; title of Baltimore to, 124, 128, 136; title of Penns to, 119, 121-8, 131-5, 137, 145, 201; why united to the province, 313, 322-3; the act of union, 323; causes of dispute with province, 243, 324-5, 344 n ; history of the dispute, 288-9, 325-45; separate from Pa., 338, 341, 344 2, 345, 350; in "remonstrance " of 1704, 287 n, 344 n ; complain against Penn, 339 2, 348; laws never sent to England, 345; the fort at Newcastle, 346-7; prefer royal government, 347-8, 350; Lord Sutherland's application for, 348-50; desire again to be united to Pa., 349.
Lower Pennsylvania, 122-3.
M
Manors, in royal charter, 16; reserved as proprietary tenths, 17, 19; timber not to be felled in, 28; bestowed on companies and individuals, 45-6; really none in Pa., 47; lands nominally held of, 47; regulations concerning, 47-8; stew- ards on, 77 n; not confiscated, 91-2; at present in Pa., 92.
Mansfield, Lord, 464.
Markets, a proprietary right, 6, 78, 494 1.
Markham, Gov. William, 19, 79, 274, 278-83, 328, 330, 482, 500-1, 503.
Maryland, 8, 10, 70, 117-146 passim, 518, 532.
Mason and Dixon's Line, 146.
Massachusetts, 7-8, 150 n.
Master of the Rolls. See Land Office.
McKean, Chief Justice, 90-1.
Militia and Defense, powers of the proprietor, 174, 497; favored by Lower Coun- ties, 331-5, 339 n ; organization to be promoted, 487, 494 2 ; views of the Quakers regarding, 495-7; in Blackwell's administration, 499; in Fletcher's administration, 499-500; in Markham's administration, 501; in Penn's ad- ministration, 504, 506; in Andrew Hamilton's administration, 508; in Evans' administration, 298-9, 509-10; in Gookin's administration, 510-II; in Keith's administration, 512; in Thomas' administration, 522 et seq .; Franklin's association, 529-30; aid to Braddock, 531-2; militia act of 1755, 533-5; exemption of Quakers, 537-9; volunteers criticise Quakers, 572-3.
594
INDEX [594
Mines, 5, 14, 18, 28, 36 n, 87, 123.
Mompesson, Roger, 298, 310-12, 378 n.
Money, scarce in Pa., 401, 404-5; substitutes for, 401; rates regulated, 402-4; proclamation of Queen Anne, 403; disposal of public, 425, 428, 434, 438-9, 444-8, 458 n, 463, 465, 470, 494 n.
Moore, John, 193, 397 n.
More, Nicholas, 242-4, 252-62, 328 n.
Morris, Anthony, 505.
Morris, Gov. Robert H., 52-3, 154, 220 n, 424-8, 442, 444, 446-7, 486-8, 517 n. Mortimer, Earl, 198.
N
Navigation Acts, how observed in Pa., 294 n, 354-7, 475 n, 486, 493 2, 501 et seq., 507.
New York, weakness of titles from, 19, 20 n, 60, 61 n; quit-rents in, 70; Penn's claims injurious to, 97; southern boundary of, 166-8; frontiers to be fortified, 280, 499-501, 506, 509.
New Wales, 15 2.
Newcastle, 9, 13, 117-46 passim, 324-5, 327, 336, 350; law of property, 54-6, 59, 65.
Newcastle County, 134 2, 294 2, 324, 332-3.
Norris, Isaac, 103 n, 193-7, 303, 406 et seq., 490, 507.
North, Chief Justice, 10.
Northey, Sir Edward, 195.
O
Oath. See Affirmation.
Officers, peculiar method of appointment, 227-9, 234-5, 240, 250, 284, 294, 370, 373; qualifications of, 352-6, 359, 362, 365, 367.
Ohio Company, 161.
" Old Rights." See Purchasers.
Onas, 95.
Ordinance, in royal charter, 172; to establish courts, 376-7, 380-2, 384; assem- bly protests against, 381, 384, 391; in administrative instructions, 474. Oxford, Earl of, 198.
Paper Money. See Bills of Credit. P Paris, F. J., 218-19, 417.
Parliament, in charter of Pa., 7, 10, 174; statutes extended to Pa., 367, 369, 383-90; on bills of credit, 419-20, 422, 432; appropriation for Pa., 431; to provide for a colonial militia, 538 n.
595
INDEX
595]
Parliament, provincial, 227-8.
Partridge, Richard, 525.
Patents, of early settlers confirmed, 19, 20 n ; for " old rights," 25; nature of, and how granted, 31, 35-6, 50, 55; act for confirming, 59-61; petition for con- firmation of, 60 n; only legal conveyance of an estate, 64.
" Paxton Boys," 547 n.
Penn, Admiral, 9.
Penn, Dennis, 198, 201.
Penn Family, present possessions of, 92-3.
Penn, Mrs. Hannah, 132, 198, 200-1, 321 n.
Penn, John (proprietor), 29, 198, 201-4, 216, 219, 536.
Penn, John (governor and proprietor), 48, 85 n, 86, 155, 158, 204, 221, 434, 469- 72, 493 2, 571.
Penn, Laetitia, 198.
Penn, Margaret, 198.
Penn, Richard (proprietor), 29, 198, 201-4, 216, 219, 480 n. See Proprietors.
Penn, Richard (governor), 434, 493.
Penn, Springett, 200, 202.
Penn, Thomas, in the province, 27; enters on proprietorship, 29; opinion of Franklin's " accounts," 84; inheritance of, 198, 201; the chief proprietor, 202, 204; favors compromise with Gov. Thomas, 208; denies bargaining with a governor, 209 n; a Quaker till 1758, 216; opinion of Quakers, 216 n, 538 n ; action regarding governorship, 218-21; opinion of royal instructions, 517; of Franklin's militia, 530; of Franklin, 564, 566 2, 570 n, and of peti- tions for royal government, 568-9; to be made a peer, 570 n. See Pro- prietors.
Penn, William, efforts to obtain charter of Pa,, 9-10; powers in an early draft thereof, I0 n ; absolute proprietor, 14; name for Pennsylvania, 15 2; natur- alizes settlers, 19 n; city on the Susquehanna, 20 n; lays out Philadelphia, 20; directions concerning lots, 22 n, had no idea of the size of Pa., 26; issues proclamation, 28; advocates settlement in townships, 48; offers bill to confirm land, 54; opposed to legislative control of land system, 54 2, 57-8; action regarding charter of property, 58; somewhat severe in territorial matters, 59; censures neglect to secure patents, 60 n; refuses to give up quit-rents, 67; claus certain rights as proprietor, 77; kindly statements re- garding, 78, 89 n, 96 2, 211, 245-8, 250-1, 257, 553, 556; desires payment of excise tax, 79; not publicly supported, 79, 204; policy toward the Indians, 95; tries to obtain land on, the Susquehanna, 97; controversy with Baltimore for possession of the Lower Counties, 119-23, 128-31, 134 2, 136; powers of government, 172-4; character and idea in establishing Pa., 174 et seq .; criticised by Macaulay, 174, 180; paternalistic in tendencies, 179-Sc, 252;
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