USA > Pennsylvania > History of the twenty third Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, Birney's zouaves 1861-1865; comp. by the secretary > Part 29
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Titus, Silas, Col., 122d N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y.
Tracy, O. V., Bvt. Lieut-Col., 122d N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y.
'Tracy, Mrs. Col., Syracuse, N. Y.
Tracy, Charles Sedgwick, Syracuse, N. Y. Thompson, Wm., 122d N. Y., Homer, N. Y.
Tate, James, 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
Tustin, Isaac, 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
Tucker, Cummings, H., New York City.
1Tucker, Mrs., New York City. 'Taylor, Harry B., 72d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
2Thorn, H. St. Clair, Philadelphia, Pa.
"Thorn, Mrs. H. St. Clair, Philadelphia, Pa. Tate, Hugh, 23d P. V., Phoenixville, Pa. Truesdell, Samuel, Col., 65th N. Y., New York.
"Truesdell, Samuel, Jr., New York.
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Wetherill, John M., Lieutenant-Colonel S2d P. V., Pottsville, Pa. Wallace, Wm. J., Lieutenant-Colonel 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
2 Wallace, Mrs. Colonel, Philadelphia, Pa.
2Walz, John W., Philadelphia, Pa.
Williams, Cranmer, 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
2Wills, Alfred, Rancocas, N. J. 2Wills, Joseph, Rancocas, N. J.
"Wilson, J. B., Rancocas, N. J. 3Woodhead, John, Philadelphia, Pa.
. 3Woodhead, Mrs. John, Philadelphia, Pa.
2Weldon, James, Philadelphia, Pa.
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2Spence, Lewis J., Brooklyn, N. Y. Sensenderfer, Jas. A., 82d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
2 Stafford, William, Manayunk, Philadelphia, Pa.
3 Stafford, Mrs. Wm., Manayunk, Philadelphia, Pa.
5 Slauson, A. M., New York City.
"Slauson, Mrs. A. M., New York City.
5 Slauson, Miss, New York City.
5 Slauson, Miss Nellie, New York City. 1
5 Smith, Silas R., Homer, N. Y. Smith, Albert R., 122d N. Y., Homer, N. Y.
Smith, Merrick, 122d N. Y., Tiffin, O.
Stewart, Charles, 122d N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y.
Sharp, Benj. W., 122d N. Y., Ithaca, N. Y.
Sherick, Jno., 23d P. V., Washington Borough, Pa. 2Swartz, Mrs., Philadelphia, Pa.
T. 1
Titus, Silas, Col., 122d N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y.
Tracy, O. V., Bvt. Lieut-Col., 122d N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y.
5Tracy, Mrs. Col., Syracuse, N. Y.
5 Tracy, Charles Sedgwick, Syracuse, N. Y. Thompson, Wm., 122d N. Y., Homer, N. Y.
Tate, James, 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa. Tustin, Isaac, 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
Tucker, Cummings, H., New York City.
1Tucker, Mrs., New York City. 2Taylor, Harry B., 72d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
2Thorn, H. St. Clair. Philadelphia, Pa.
"Thorn, Mrs. H. St. Clair, Philadelphia, Pa. Tate, Hugh, 23d P. V., Phoenixville, Pa. Truesdell, Samuel, Col., 65th N. Y., New York.
"Truesdell, Samuel, Jr., New York.
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Wetherill, John M., Lieutenant-Colonel 82d P. V., Pottsville, Pa. Wallace, Wm. J., Lieutenant-Colonel 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa. 2Wallace, Mrs. Colonel, Philadelphia, Pa.
2Walz, John W., Philadelphia, Pa.
Williams, Cranmer, 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
2Wills, Alfred, Rancocas, N. J. Wills, Joseph, Rancocas, N. J.
2Wilson, J. B., Rancocas, N. J.
3Woodhead, John, Philadelphia, Pa.
. 3Woodhead, Mrs. John, Philadelphia, Pa.
2Weldon, James, Philadelphia, Pa.
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2Weldon, Mrs. James, Philadelphia, Pa. Wray, William J., 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa. "Wray, Miss Emma I., Philadelphia, Pa. Willsey, Robert A., Philadelphia, Pa. 1Woodruff, Colonel John B., New York City.
1Woodruff, Mrs. Colonel, New York City. Wageman, Mr., New York City. Wells, John, 23d P. V., Rancocas, N. J. White, Jos. H., 23d P. V., Easton, Md. 2White, Mrs. Jos. H., Easton, Md. 2White, Miss Laura V., Easton, Md.
2Westcott, John, Philadelphia, Pa. "Walker, R. Frank, Philadelphia, Pa.
2Walker, Mrs. R. Frank, Philadelphia, Pa.
2Walker, Master Robert, Philadelphia, Pa. Williams, Captain Chas., 82d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa. White, Wm. A., 82d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
3White, Mrs. Wm. A., Philadelphia, Pa. White, Alexander, S2d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa. Waterhouse, Captain Geo. W., 82d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
3Waterhouse, Mrs. Captain, Philadelphia, Pa.
3Waterhouse, Charles W., 82d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
3 Waterhouse, Mrs. Chas., Philadelphia, Pa. Weaver, Caius A., 122d N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y. Wilkins, Capt. A. W., 122d N. Y., Fayetteville, N. Y.
5 Wilson, P. M., New York City.
5Wilson, Mrs. P. M., New York City.
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Young, John, 23d P. V., Philadelphia, Pa.
2Young, Mrs. John, Philadelphia, Pa.
2 Young, William, Philadelphia, Pa.
2Young, James, Pittsburg, Pa.
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ORATION
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Delivered at Twenty=third Pennsylvania Volun= teers' Reunion of Gettysburg held at Philadelphia, Pa.
A T the Reunion of the Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volun- teers, held in celebration of Gettysburg, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July, 1888, Rev. James G. Shinn, Chaplain, de- livered the following oration :
The assault on the heights of Fredericksburg, made by our troops under General Burnside, attended, as it was, by appall- ing loss of limb and life, and the inefficient and halting ad- vance upon Chancellorsville made by General Hooker, tended to foster in the minds of the rebels a contempt for the Union commander if not for the Union forces. The Army of the Potomac came to be regarded as quite an insufficient match for the Army of Virginia. This and other motives prompted General Lee to plan the invasion of the northern loyal States. By one grand campaign General Lee and his secession con- freres at the head of the flower of the rebel forces would bring the war to a conclusion and determine, for all'time, the success of the secession of the Southern States and the permanency of that oligarchy which was to be built up. upon the corner stone of a perpetuated human slavery. With such a General as Robert E. Lee, with such Lieutenant Generals as Longstreet, Ewell, and A. P. Hill, and with such soldiers as composed the Army of Virginia who, by repeated trial, were judged " com- petent for anything, " the success of this campaign of invasion was, from the start, already deemed secure. But when fallible man is most confident, defeat is often most certain. God
rules, not man. Man proposes, but God disposes. The oft repeated cries of the down-trodden and oppressed had entered into the Lord of Hosts and he had come forth to effect their deliverance and right their wrongs. The time had passed when any government founded upon human slavery could stand secure, much less that one whose acknowledged corner
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stone was the perpetual slavery of man. God has willed the deliverance of all, and who can thwart the purposes of the Al- mighty Ruler of the universe ?
General Lee began his movement of invading the north- ern loyal States, on the third of June, by sending McLaws' division of Longstreet's Corps and, also, Hood's division, to Culpepper, C. H. On the fourth and fifth of June Ewell's Corps followed. A. P. Hill's Corps was left to occupy the heights of Fredericksburg. General Hooker, who had been antici- pating that some important movement was about to take place, arrived at some knowl- edge of its general direction by the cavalry battle at Brandy Station, a battle in which, for the first time, the main cavalry force on both sides fought CHAS. E. SMALLWOOD, RICHARD J. MILLER, Co. G. in regular cavalry style. This battle made known Lee's pres- ence in force at Culpepper, and also revealed his pur- pose of invasion. Before this cavalry battle at Brandy Station, in order to test the strength of the force behind Fredericksburg, on the morning of the fifth, the Pontoniers were ordered by General Hooker to throw two bridges across the Rappahannock at Franklin's Crossing, and on the sixth of June, the Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, with the Sixth Corps, broke camp near Falmouth and crossed the Rappahannock for the third time near Deep Run, and was immediately placed upon the skirmish line, close up to the enemy's works, where they remained until the thirteenth. Here heavy skirmishing was kept up from behind breast- works and rifle pits with considerable loss to the Sixth Corps, though with little loss to the Twenty-third Pennsylvania Vol- unteers. On the thirteenth the Sixth Corps recrossed the Rappahannock and started on its march north. The weather was intensely hot and the marching very oppressive. Having learned something of Lee's movements, but not fully under-
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standing his plan, General Hooker, on the eleventh, sent the Third Corps to Rappahannock Station and Beverly, and ordered the cavalry forward to observe the upper forks of the river. But General Lee had sent 'the left of his army under General Ewell into the Shenandoah Valley, and march- ing down this valley at the rate of seventy miles in three days, appeared suddenly and unexpectedly before Winchester on the thirteenth. Two of these large divisions attacked Winchester while one, that of General Rhodes struck Berryville. On Sun- day morning, the fourteenth, Ewell's attack upon Milroy's position began, and on Monday morning at one o'clock Gen- eral Milroy, after spiking all his cannon and abandoning his sick and wounded to the enemy, began his disastrous retreat. Berryville was taken, Harper's Ferry was evacuated, the whole of the valley was cleared of Union troops and this great high- way was fully opened for the advance of the rebels through Maryland and into Pennsylvania. General Hooker, now fully aware of Lee's plan, marched rapidly past Bealton, Warrenton, Catlett's Station and Fairfax, until Manassas was reached. Here he remained several days, awaiting the further develop- ment of Lee's plans. As soon as the Corps of .Hill and Long- street reached the lower part of the valley, Ewell's Corps on the 22d, crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and Shepherds- town, and by two columns, moved on Hagerstown, thence they passed the border of Pennsylvania, moved up the Cum- berland Valley, and on the following day, reached Chambers- burg. The cavalry of Jenkins had gone in advance of Ewell and made his exacting levies upon this rich region, while Im- boden, with his troops, had done its work of destruction upon the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Vast herds of cattle and droves of horses were collected and sent southward and heavy subsidies were levied upon the towns. Thousands of rich farmers and their cattle and horses, were fleeing north, and crowds of colored people, who knew full well the cruelty of the slave-holder, were escaping from the enforced bondage threatened, and, in not a few instances, cruelty inflicted.
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After the rebels, under Longstreet and Hill had crossed the Potomac, the Army of the Potomac, on the 25th and 26th . of June; crossed at Edward's Ferry and moved to Frederick, Maryland. About this time, General Hooker, desirous of add-
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ing to the number of his troops for active service, requested General Halleck, commander of all the forces, to send him some of the troops at Washington, and when this was refused, requested that the force under General' French, at Harper's Ferry, be added to his command. This, too, was refused. His proposed plan of operating against General Lee's line of communication was also disapproved. Being thus thwarted in all his plans by the authorities at Washington, he,-in dis- gust-resigned his command of the Army of the Potomac.
This resignation was immediately accepted. Some of us, who on this march remembered President Lincoln's pithy say- ing "it is no time to swap horses when swimming a river," felt a natural solicitude for the cause, but when we heard that General George G. Meade, a Pennsylvanian, then command- ing the 5th Army Corps, had been appointed to the command of the Army of the Potomac, we felt equally relieved. We knew that he was capable and efficient and truly loyal, and would do all that he could in this time of great peril. General Meade immediately took command and ordered such move- ments of the different corps as the exigencies of the case and his plan of the campaign called for.
The several positions of the different army corps on the Ist of July were as follows :- The First Corps was at Marsh Creek only about five miles ייני from Gettysburg, the Second and Third Corps were at Tan- eytown, the Third having orders to march to Emmetts- burg to relieve the Eleventh Corps which was directed to join the First Corps at Gettys- LAWRENCE CORN, . E. burg. The Twelfth Corps was at a place called Two Taverns ; the Fifth was at Han- over and the Sixth was thirty-five miles from Gettysburg to the right at Manchester. Kilpatrick's and Gregg's Di- visions of cavalry were at Hanover. The plan of General Meade was so to move his troops as to cover and protect
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Washington and Baltimore, and, at the same time he threat- ened to break the line of communication of the rebel forces with Richmond and thus compel them to turn from their march northward and eastward and give him battle at some field well chosen for its strength as a defensive position. The field chosen by General Meade was that of the ridge bordering upon Pipe Creek. This ridge divided the waters flowing into the Potomac from the waters flowing into the Chesapeake Bay. In these last movements of his army corps his design was to throw them out in fan shape so that he could quickly draw them back, if need be, and concentrate them upon this chosen line of Pipe Creek. But God, the Providential Dis- poser of all events, wisely and kindly made the choice of the stronger position at Gettysburg, and He so ordered the different successive steps that the strong position at Gettys- burg was chosen and held by the Union troops and the rebels were compelled, by the stress of circumstances, to engage in battle there, and there dash and break themselves upon the natural ramparts of that God-selected stronghold. Now for the battle. And first let us take a bird's-eye view of the ground. Gettysburg is the centre of many converging roads and is thus the position to which troops from different points can be readily concentrated. Looking at the lay of the land, we notice several different ridges more or less elevated and these, in the main, trending in a north and south direction. Some of these ridges terminate in peaks or hills. Gettysburg lies at the base of one of these ridges. At the distance of half a mile to the west of the town is Seminary Ridge, so called from the Lutheran Theological building located upon it. A mile further west two parallel swells of ground are seen trending north and south. These are separated by Wil- loughby Run, an affluent of Marsh Creek. To the south of Gettysburg is Cemetery Ridge, so called from the Cemetery on that part of the ridge immediately south of the town. This ridge has two limbs, the longer running directly south and terminating in the two eminences called Little Round Top and Round Top. The two hills, especially the one called from its form, Little Round Top, command the whole of this north and south line. The other limb of Cemetery Ridge, the shorter, extends in a southeasterly direction and consists mainly of a succession of hills of which Culp's Hill, connected with Ceme-
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tery Hill, is the most important. The hill to the northeast is Benner's Hill. This last formed a part of the rebel line.
When General Lee was suddenly informed that the Union Army had crossed the Potomac and 'was marching so as to threaten his communication with Richmond, he at once turned and ordered his different corps to concentrate in the neighbor- hood of Gettysburg. He had not chosen this as his field of battle, he only availed himself of the converging roads to concentrate his troops there. Hill's Corps and Longstreet's Corps were moving easterly from Chambersburg and Fa- yetteville. Ewell's Corps, which had advanced partly to Carlisle and partly to York and the Susquehanna river, had been recalled and was return- ing partly by the road leading MARTIN WARNER, Co. C. south from Carlisle and partly by that leading south west from York. The division of Heth of Hill's Corps moving easterly had started early on the morning of the Ist of July, partly to occupy the town of Gettysburg and particularly to supply themselves with shoes. They did not expect to meet any strong force there. But General Buford, commanding two brigades of Union cavalry, had reached Gettysburg the even- ing before and had determined to check the rebel advance as long as possible, expecting that General Reynolds who com- manded the left of the army would come to his support. Taking advantage of the remaining light of day. General Buford posted his brigades most advantageously, Gamble's brigade across the Chambersburg road and the brigade of Devins across Mummasburg road. By dismounting his men and using them as infantry armed with carbines, sending out a strong line of skirmishers and by planting his batteries so as to enfilade both roads, he stood ready to hold them in check until reinforcements should arrive. And check them he did until General Reynolds himself arrived in advance of the First Corps. At the time of his arrival General Buford was
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powering numbers pressing upon them, especially by the arrival of Ewell's Corps from Carlisle and York, the First Corps was driven back. The Eleventh Corps, General Howard's, about II o'clock came to their help, but they, also, were outflanked and driven back to and through Gettysburg, with the loss of several thousand men. The first day's battle was, in the main, disadvanta- geous, to the Union side. After hard fighting and after heavy losses, by the force of greatly superior numbers, they were driven back. And yet when driven, they assumed much stronger positions from which they could not be dislodged. And the very successes achieved by the rebels proved a snare to them ; the successes incited to increased efforts, which failing entailed great loss upon them. The successes achieved and the thirst for blood created by the first day's contest compelled the continuance of the battle. In the face of these successes it was morally impossible for General Lee to draw back. It is asserted on seemingly good authority that when General Lee planned the invasion of the North he promised his Corps commanders that he would not seek an offensive battle but by compelling the Federals to attack him, he would fight on the defensive. But now he is so far in that he cannot well get out ; he must, by the pres- sure of the attending circum- stances, persevere in this fight even though he dash his army to pieces against the stony ramparts of Gettysburg. Nor is General Lee alone in this eagerness for battle, the officers and men of his army are full of fight. As Swinton says: "Such were the exsufflate and blown surmises of the army, and THOS. I. CHADWICK, Co. C. such was the contempt of opponent engendered by Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville, that there was not in his ranks a barefoot soldier in tattered gray but believed that General Lee could lead him and the Confederate Army into Baltimore and Washington, if not into Philadelphia and New York."
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"To have withdrawn, therefore, without a battle was morally impossible." The time for the exoneration of the Army of the Potomac had come, and, with it, the deliverance of the North from its great peril. It is related in ancient fable that the kingly athlete Antaeus, a child of Neptune and Terra or the earth, in his contest with Hercules was strengthened anew as often as he touched the earth from which he had sprung, so was it with the soldiers of the North, especially with the sons of Pennsylvania ; they received strength as they touched their native soil. They were energized with new vigor and fired anew with the just ambition of defending their friends and their homes. Never did the men of the Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers march better or perform better work than when their faces were turned North and their own Pennsylvania called forth their loyal zeal and hearty service. That march was made by some of you, as your Chaplain can testify, with bare and bruised and bleeding feet and yet never did the men of the Twenty-third march better. And this is applicable to the Sixth Corps and of other Corps.
The long march from Manchester to Gettysburg, thirty- six miles, increased to forty miles by mistaking the road, occupied all the daylight of July Ist, all that night, and nearly all the day of July 2d. Our regiment reached the battle- field near Little Round Top, as the big red sun was fast declining to his setting and then, after such a continuous march, with a hurrah, went directly to the front to the sup- port of the Fifth Corps.
The confusion following the reverses of the first day, had, in part, been rectified by the prompt and efficient action of General Hancock, whom General Meade, after hearing of the death of General Reynolds, had sent forward to take command. It was his report to General Meade, after return- ing, that secured the choice of Gettysburg as the field for the approaching battle. It became General Meade's choice by stress of circumstances ; as a foregone conclusion. Already had the God of Providence, in kindness, made the choice and pointed out the spot by the clear and inevitable logic of events. General Meade's original choice was the line of Pipe Creek, and this line he preferred even upon the close of the second day's fight at Gettysburg when dissenting from the general decision of the council of officers who unanimously
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voted to stay there and fight it out, he said : "Have it your own way, gentlemen, but Gettysburg is no place to fight a battle in." But we are anticipating. We are now concerned with the opening events of this second day at Gettysburg. Upon receiving the report of General Hancock, General Meade at once directed all the Corps to concentrate on Gettys- burg. The march of the several Corps was a hurried one. The van of the Third Corps, Sickles', reached the field at sunset of the first day, and the rear of this Corps on the morning of the second day. The Second Corps, distant thir- teen miles at Taneytown, reached the field on the afternoon of -. the first day, in time to be placed in position by General Han- cock himself. The Fifth Corps, at Union Mills, twenty-three miles away, after this long night's march, arrived on the morning of the second day. And the Sixth Corps, at Man- chester, thirty-six miles distant, by the most strenuous efforts, marching a day, a night and the greater part of the following day, from early on the first through to the afternoon, late, on. the second, arrived just in time to render much needed help. But, as we all well know, Uncle John Sedgwick, as he was familiarly called, and his boys of the Sixth Corps could do great things in times of great emergencies. General Meade ordered his own headquarters to be removed to Gettys- burg and he himself arrived there at I o'clock, A. M., and although it was yet night, he with his staff, under the light of the moon, traversed the field, and judged of its strong and weak points. Though he was impressed with the strength of the position he was also impressed with some of its weak points. As the several corps arrived, on this second day, they took the several positions assigned them. The Twelfth Corps, General Williams temporary commander as General Slocum had command of the right wing, was placed on the extreme right on Culp's Hill. The Eleventh Corps, General Howard's, occupied Cemetery Hill immediately south of the town of Gettysburg. To this they had fallen back after the, to them, disastrous fight of the preceding day. Shurz divi- sion was stationed across the Baltimore Pike road ; Steinwehr's on the left ; and, on the right and rear General Barlow's com- manded by General Ames. The First Corps, on this day commanded by General Newton, was divided ; Wadsworth's division was on Culp's Hill to the right of the division of
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· Ames. General Robinson's division, to the left of the divi- sion of Steinwehr's, held across the Taneytown road as far as to Zeigler's grove, while General Doubleday with his division. was in the rear of Shurz. The combined artillery of the Eleventh and Second Corps was protected by such works as they were able to throw up. South of Zeigler's grove, General Hancock, on the afternoon of the Ist day had placed his own Corps, the Second, and had prolonged the left of this, as far as the Round Tops, with such troops as he then had at his disposal. After the Third Corps, General Sickles' came up, it took position to the left of the Second Corps. And, later still, the Fifth Corps, General Sykes', prolonged the left to its utmost extent. The position of the Sixth Corps, when, after its long march, it reached the field, was, for a part of the time in the rear of Little Round Top and was held for special work as a general reserve for the whole army. Having thus given the positions of the several corps, we remark that General Sickles, dissatisfied with the direct southerly extension of the left, because of its weak points, and because of the advantages which it afforded the enemy in his front, changed his north and south line to the line of the Emmettsburg road. Unwilling to take the responsibility upon himself, he applied to General Meade who first gave him general and indefinite direction and then at his particular request for an engineer to survey the ground General Meade sent General Hunt, Chief of the Artillery, who went out with General Sickles to the ridge upon which the Emmettsburg road is situated and then General Sickles directed that his troops should be posted upon the line of that road with his centre at the Peach Orchard which was a mile to the North of West of Lit- tle Round Top. His right wing, under General Humphreys extended along the Emmettsburg road, his left wing, under General Birney, after making a right angle at the Peach Orch- ard, bent around so as to cover Little Round Top at its base. This change in the direction of the Third Corps line, made it longer, weaker and much more exposed to attack and mater- ially affected the contest of the second day. General Lee's rebel forces were, at daybreak of the second thus posted, Ewell's entire corps held the left, General Johnston's division rested on Rock Creek, Early in the centre and Rhodes on the right. His
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