USA > Pennsylvania > The Fatherland: (1450-1700) : showing the part it bore in the discovery, exploration and development of the western continent with special reference to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ; pt. I. of a narrative and critical history > Part 10
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- 198 Ibid.
154
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
Berhard Croesens | Quaker-Historie | Von deren Ur- sprung \ biss auf jüngsthin entstandene | Trennung; | Darinnen vornemlich von | den Hauptstiftern dieser Secte | derselben Lehrsaetzen und anderen | ihres gleichen zu dieser Zeit auf- | gebrachten Lehren erzehlet wird. | Berlin | den Johann Michael Rudigern. | 1696.201 (Ap- pendix plate XLI.)
The | General History | of the | Quakers : | con- taining | The Lives, Tenents, Sufferings, Tryals, | Speeches, and Letters | Of all the most | Eminent Quakers, | Both Men & Women; | From the first Rise of that Sect, | down to this present Time. | etc.
Being Written Originally in Latin | By Gerard Croese. London, Printed for John Dunton, at the Raven, in Jewen-street. 1696.202 (Appendix plate XLII.)
As the most curious work of the class of Anti- Quakeriana may be named a quarto in Latin and German, describing the Philtres Enthusiasticus or English and Dutch Quaker-powder; wherein it was
199 Original in Carter Brown Library. The German edition is ex- tremely scarce.
200 Specimens of original edition are extremely rare. Copies are in Library of German Society of Philadelphia, and of the writer. A second Latin edition 1696, is more frequently met with ; a specimen is in the Historical Society of Penna., and Phila. Lib. For a full account of Gerard Croese and his works, see "The German Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania," Phila., 1895, pp. 43-48.
201 The same remarks in regard to the 1695 Latin edition apply to the German edition. The only known copy in America, is the one in Library of the writer. A Dutch edition was also printed, this also is very rare, no copy is known to be in this country.
202 Original in the collection of Charles Roberts, Esq. There is also a copy in Friends Library at Philadelphia.
155
Philtris Enthusiasticis.
sought to prove that such a nostrum was actually in use by the Quakers to propagate their faith among those whom they wished to proselyte.
According to this curious book, their scheme was secretly to administer this Philtre or potion to any influential person, male or female, whom they thought to be a desirable acquisition. Within a short time such person, it was stated, commenced to tremble, and soon reached an ecstatic state, when a conversion to Quakerism was complete. Several affidavits are further cited in the work by the author, to prove that such was actually the method used to extend the faith of George Fox in Germany. As books of this kind pleased the popular fancy, they frequently had a large circulation, and went through several editions, but at the present time they are exceedingly scarce and rarely met with. The copy in possession of the writer, bears the imprint of the university of Rostock, and reads :
" Dissertatio Historico Theologica de Philtris En- thusiasticis Anglico Batavis, etc. . Rostochl, Ty- pis Joh.
Weppling. I, Seren. Princ. & Acad. Typog.203 203 (Appendix plate LVI.)
The mass of literature circulated against the Quakers, however, had little or no effect upon the impending exodus from Germany.
In the year 1690, there was issued by Penn a Broadside, having for its object the settlement of
203 Copy in Library of the writer.
156
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
another large city upon the banks of the Susque- hanna; it was entitled :
" Proposals for a second settlement in the Province of Pennsylvania." It was a single sheet and bore the imprint : " Printed and sold by Andrew Sowle, at the crooked Billet in Halloway Lane, Shore-Ditch, 1690."
Whether the design was partially accomplished, where the proposed city was to be located, or what was the reason for his relinquishing the plan, re- mains an unsolved problem. The only known copy of this Broadside was formerly in the collection of the late Peter Force of Washington, D. C. It bore the marks of age and dilapidation but was in a per- fect condition.204
At this period the position of Penn and Furly was further strengthened in Germany by the publication of several missives and tracts from Pastorius and others in Pennsylvania, setting forth the advantages of the new country in glowing terms.
The first volume upon this list is a duodecimo, con- taining four "Useful tracts " by Daniel Francis Pas- torius ; it really only advertises the Province upon the title page :
Vier kleine | Doch ungemeine | Und sehr nutzliche| Tractätlein | . . . Durch | Franciscum Danielem | Pastoriun. J. U. L. | Aus der In-Pensylvania neu- lichst von mir in | Grund angelegten und nun mit gutem | Success aufgehenden Stadt : | Germanopoli | Anno Christi M. DC. XC. | 205 (Appendix plate XXXII.)
I57
Francis Daniel Pastorius.
The earliest tract which really gives an extended account of the Province, was written by Pastorius in 1686, and sent to his parents in Germany. This was incorporated by Melchior Adam Pastorius, father of the Germantown pioneer, in a historical sketch of his native town of Windsheim :
Kurtze | Beschreibung | Des H. R. Reichs Stadt | Windsheim | etc. ... Durch | Melchiorem Adamum Pastorium, | ältern Burgemeistern und Ober-Rich- | tern in besagter Stadt. | Gedruckt zu Nürnberg | bey Christian Sigmund Froberg. \ Im Jahr Christi 206 1692.206 (Appendix plate XXXV.)
The appendix to this work bore the following heading :
Francisci Danielis Pastorii | Sommerhusano-Franci. | Kurtze Geographische Beschreibung | der letztmahls erfundenen | Americanischen Landschafft | Pensyl- vania, | Mit angehenckten einigen notablen Bege-| benheiten und Bericht-Schreiben an dessen Hrn. Vattern Patrioten und gute Freunde. | (Appendix plate XXXVI.)
This description of the Province was reprinted in various periodicals and magazines of the day,207 and circulated extensively among the yeomanry of Ger- many.
204 Reprinted in Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania, vol. i, p. 400, June 21, 1828. Also in North American and United States Gazette, Phila., October 25, 1848.
205 Original in Historical Society of Penna. This volume is dedicated to Tobias Schumberg in Windsheim, a former tutor of Pastorius.
306 Original in Historical Society of Penna.
207 Ibid.
158
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
A SHIP OF THE PERIOD DURING THE FIRST GERMAN EMIGRATION."
*NOTE .- It was necessary for the vessels to be armed on account of the wars Continent, and Freebooters at sea.
I59
Frame's Description.
The next important issues relating to Pennsylvania of which we have any definite knowledge, was an account of Pennsylvania printed in the city of Phil- adelphia :
A Short | Description | of | Pennsilvania, | 208 Or, A Relation What things are known, | enjoyed, and like to be discovered in | in the said Province. | and as a Token of Good Will -of England. | By Richard Frame. | Printed and sold by William Brad- ford in | Philadelphia, 1692. | (Appendix plate XXXVII.)
Of equal importance was the Missive or Report by Johann Gottfried Seelig to August Herman Francke, one of the fathers of Pietism, dated " Ger- mandon in Pennsylvania, America d. 7, August, 1694," giving an account of the voyage and condi- tion of the German Pietists who had left Germany in a body two years previously, and emigrated to Penn- sylvania under the leadership of Magister Johann Kelpius, with the avowed intention of spreading here the Gospel of Christ and awaiting the millennium, which some of them believed was imminent. This work, a quarto, was published for circulation in Ger- many early in 1695, it is without an imprint, but was presumably printed either at Halle or Frankfort, and freely circulated in Pietistical circles.209
209 Originals of this rare tract are at the Historical Society of Penna Also, in Library of the Weisenhaus ( Francke institution) at Halle. This missive has heretofore been attributed to Daniel Falckner. But by the Spener-Francke correspondence it is shown that the missive was sent' by Seelig to Francke. The original is still in existence, from which a
160
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
Copia | Eines Send-Schreibens aus | der neuen Welt, betreffend | etc. Christi im Jahr, 1695. (Ap- pendix plate XXXVIII.)
Two years later, 1697, a German edition of Blome's English America, was printed at Leipzig. (Appendix plate XLIII.).
It is supposed that the Hochberühmte Feder, men- tioned upon the title was none other than Benjamin Furly.
At this period the list of local issues was aug- mented by several curious original contributions of a controversial nature, written in America, and circu- lated in Holland and Germany with a view to in- fluence the Germans either for or against the follow- ers of Spener who were attempting to introduce and maintain orthodox forms of religion in the Province.
The first of these tracts of which we have any definite knowledge was printed by Bradford in New York, for Heinrich Bernhard Köster:
" Ein Bericht an Alle Bekenner und Schrifftsteller, 1697." 210
This book, printed in the year 1696 or early in 1697, has the distinction of being the first German book printed in North America. No copy of it is known to exist; our knowledge about it is derived
MSS. copy was lately made for the writer. This correspondence is of the greatest importance, as it proves the connection between the Pietists in Pennsylvania with the parent organization at Halle. Above facts were not known when the "German Pietists" was written, and the authorship is there laid with Falkner. A translation of the tract by the late Dr. Oswald Seidensticker, was published in Penna. Mag. of Hist. and Biog., vol .. xi,.p. 430, et seq. See also Cramer Beiträge, p. 323.
161
Pastorius's Pamphlets.
from Pastorius's so-called "Rebuke" to Köster, in which he cites the book and states that it was printed in the High-Dutch tongue for circulation in Ger- many.
To counteract the influences of Köster's report in Germany and Pennsylvania, Pastorius prepared two counter-pamphlets, one for use abroad, and the other for local circulation :
Ein | Send-Brieff \ Offenhertziger Liebsbezeugung an die | so genannte Pietisten in Hoch-| Deutschland.| Zu Amsterdam, \ Gedruckt vor Jacob Claus Buchhand- ler, 1697. 211 (Appendix plate XLIV.)
Only a single copy of this book is known, now in possession of one of the descendants of Pastorius. As will be noticed from the title-page which is repro- duced in fac-simile,211a it bears an European im- print. Pastorius was unable to have it done in Pennsylvania, because there was no press here at that time, so he was obliged to send the work to Holland for publication, as he had done upon sev- eral previous occasions.
The title of the tract in the English language, for home circulation, was :
Henry Bernhard Koster, William Davis, | Thomas Rutter & Thomas Bowyer, | Four | Boasting Dispu- ters | Of this World briefly | Rebuked, | etc. Printed and Sold by William Bradford at the | Bible in New York, 1697. | 212 (Appendix plate XLV.)
310 German Pietists of Prov. Penna; p. 287, et seq.
211 Original in private hands. Page 15 closes with colophon : Von
162
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
Leaving the controversial works, and turning our attention once more to the literature relating exclu- sively to the German emigration, we now come to :
An Historical and Geographical Account | of the | Province and Country | of | Pensilvania | and of | West-New-Jersey | in | America. | With a Map of both Countries. | By Gabriel Thomas, | who resided there about Fifteen Years. | London, Printed for, and Sold by A. Baldwin, at | the Oxon Arms in Warwick- Lane, 1698. | 2 213 (Appendix plate XLVI.)
A German translation of this book was soon after published by the Frankfort company :
Pensylvania | Beschrieben von | Gabriel Thomas | 15. Jähringen Inwohner dieses | Landes | Franckfurt und Leipzig, | Zu finden bey Andreas Otto, | Buch- händlern 214 (Appendix plate XLVII.)
Pastorius's extended account of the Province comes next in order :
Umständige Georgra- | phische | Beschreibung | Der zu allerletzt erfundenen | Provintz | Pensylva-| nice, | In denen End-Græentzen | America | In der West-Welt gelegen | Durch | Franciscum Danielem | Pastorium, | J. V. Lic. und Friedens-Richtern \ daselb- sten. | Worbey angehencket sind eini- | ge notable Be- gebenheiten, und | Bericht-Schreiben an dessen Herrn| Vattern | Melchiorem Adamum Pasto- | rium, | Und andere gute Freunde. \ Franckfurt und Leipzig, | Zufinden bey Andreas Otto. 1700. | 215 (Appendix plate XLVIII.)
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164
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
An abstract and review of the above was printed in the :
Monathlicher | Auszug | aus | allerhand neu-her- ausge | gebenen, nützlichen und artigen | Büchern. | December M. D. CC. | Zu finden | Bey Nicol. För- stern, Buchhändl. | in Hanover.216 (Appendix plate XLIX.)
In the following year, 1701, was issued another German edition of William Penn's Letter to the king of Poland. This was circulated in north-east- ern Germany, and was intended to spread the Quaker faith in that state, and at the same time induce a further emigration to the province :
Brief | Aan den | Koning van Poolen. | Opgestelt door | William Penn, | Uyt de Naam van zijn ver- drukte enlydende Vrienden | tot Dantzig. | Uit het Engelsch vertaald | Door | P. V. M. | ť Amsteldam, | By Jacob Claus, | Boekverkoper in de Prince-straat. 1701. | 217 (Appendix plate L.)
Eurem liebgeneigten Freund Frantz Daniel Pastorius. Germantown in Pennsylvania, den letzten December, 1696. A fac-simile reproduction of the whole tract, by the writer, is in the collection of Historical Society of Penna., State Library, Hon. Sam'l W. Pennypacker and the writer.
1
11la Appendix plate XLIV.
212 Original at Friends' Library, Phila. Also one copy in private hands. Fac-simile. ibid supra.
214 This was published separately and later incorporated in Pastorius's extended geographical account, edition 1704.
215 Original at Historical Society of Penna. This book was edited by Melchior Adam Pastorius, father of the writer.
216 Original in Historical Society of Penna.
217 Original in Carter Brown Library.
165
Falckner's Report.
The next important works of the period, are Daniel Falckner's "Curious Imformation," which he had placed with the publishers during his visit to Germany, 1698-1700;218 and his brother's missive from Germantown :
Curieuse Nachricht | von | Pensylvania | in | Nor- den-America | welche | Auf Begehren guter Freunde| Uber vorgelegte 103. Fra- | gen bey seiner Abreiss aus Teutsch | land nach obigem Lande Anno 1700. ertheilet und nun Anno 1702 in den Druck | gegeben worden. | Von | Daniel Falknern, Professore, \ Bur- gern und Pilgrim allda. | Franckfurt und Leipzig, | zufinden bey Andreas Otto, Buchhändlern | Im Jahr Christi 1702.219 (Appendix plate LI.)
The Missive of Justus Falckner, a brother of the above, who accompanied him to America, was a letter to a clerical friend in Holstein, which, as it states upon the title, is an account of the religious condi- tion of the Province in the years 1700-1. But a single copy of this work is known :220
Abdruck | Eines Schreibens | An | Tit. Herrn | D. Henr. Muhlen, \ Aus Germanton, in der Ameri | can- ischen Province Pensylvania, sonst No- | va Suecia, den ersten Augusti, im Jahr | unsers-Heyls eintau- send siebenhundert | und eins, | Den Zustand der Kirchen | in America betreffend. \ M DCC II. (Ap- pendix plate LII.)
218 German Pietists of Prov. Penna. Phila., 1785, pp. 93-99. 299-334.
219 I bid, pp. 98-9. Original in Historical Society of Penna.
220 This heretofore unknown tract on Pennsylvania, was found by a
166
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
The list closes with two more tracts by Pastorius, the first of which is really a second edition of his former description of the Province :221
Umständige Geographische | Beschreibung | Der zu allerletzt erfundenen | Provintz | Pensylva | nic, | etc. Franckfurt und Leipzig, | Zu finden bey An- dreas Otto. 1704. | (Appendix plate LIV.)
The second one is a "continuation " of the above, to which is added Gabriel Thomas' account and Daniel Falckner's tract :222
Continuatio| Der | Beschreibung der Landschafft | Pensylvania | An denen End-Gräntzen | America. | Uber vorige des Herrn Pastorii | Relationes. | In sich haltend : | Die Situation, und Fruchtbarkeit des | Erdbodens. Die Schiffreiche und andere ! Flüsse. Die Anzahl derer bisshero gebauten Städte. | Die seltsame Creaturen an Thieren, Vögeln und Fischen. | Die Mineralien und Edelgesteine. Deren eingebohrnen wilden Völcker Sprachen, Religion und Gebräuche. Und | die ersten Christlichen Pflantzer und Anbauer | dieses Landes. ; Beschrieben von | Gabriel Thomas | 15 Jährigen Inwohner dieses | Landes. | Welchem Tractatlein noch beygefüget sind : \ Des Hn. Daniel Falckners | Burgers und Pilgrims in Pensylvania 193. | Beantwortungen uff vorgelegte Fragen von | guten Freunden. | Franck- furt und Leipzig, | Zu finden bey Andreas Otto, Buchhändlern. | (Appendix plate LV.)
As will be seen from the title-pages, the tracts of both Pastorius and Daniel Falckner were published
167
German Literature and Emigration.
simultaneously at Frankfort and Leipzig, under the auspices of the Frankford Land Company.223 They were repeatedly reprinted and quoted in the periodi- cals and reviews of the day. One of such reviews is now in the Historical Society's collection.224
This literature did much to influence German emi- gration to America, and after events showed that the printing-press in Germany was one of the most active factors in bringing about the German settle- ment of Pennsylvania.
When fairly started, the effects of this movement were phenomenal ; the romantic Rhine became the chief artery of travel for the stream of emigrants to Pennsylvania. As the barges floated down the river past castle-crowned crag and vine-clad hill, from every hamlet could be heard the Lebe-wohl, and Geht-mit-Gott, which were called after the wanderers.
Rotterdam henceforth became the chief port of embarkation for a large portion of the Germans going to the new world, whether directly or by way of England.
correspondent of the writer, in the Library of the University at Rostock, after great difficulty a photographic copy of the whole was obtained, a reproduction of which is at the Historical Society of Penna. A transla- tion made by the writer will be published in the Penna. Mag. in the near future. For Biographical sketch of Justus Falckner, refer to Ger- man Pietists of Prov. Penna., pp. 341-385. Also Lutheran Church Review, vol. xvi, p. 283, et seq
221 Original in Historical Society of Penna.
222 Ibid, to this are added, Gabriel Thomas' description of Pennsyl- vania, and Daniel Falckner's tract, Curieuse nachricht, ete.
123 See William Penn in America, Phila. 1888, pp. 304-5-
124 Monathlicher Auszug, Hanover 1700.
168 -1K
The Fatherland 1450-1700.
This desire grew among the German peasantry, until it assumed such proportions that both England and the States-General were forced to take heroic measures to turn back the human tide, which not only threatened to depopulate some provinces in Ger- many, but also to change Pennsylvania into a German colony.
Lubus Fifache
POSTSCRIPT.
After the above paper was written and put into print, several letters, dating from the closing years of the last century, were discovered which have caused some doubt to arise in my mind as to the identity of the Dr. Otto who sent the communication "On the Discovery of America" to Dr. Franklin, by him presented to the American Philosophical Society and subsequently printed in the Transactions.
In the course of this Monograph, following the traditions of the Society, the credit of authorship is given to Dr. John Matthew Otto, of Bethlehem, a member of the Society and a friend of Franklin, who always signed his name "Otto" or "Dr. Otto," as in the communication read before the Society.
From the letters alluded to, it appears that at the same period (1786) there was another person of similar name, Louis Gillaume [sic] Otto, the French Minister to the United States, who was also a friend and corres- pondent of Franklin, and signed himself "Otto." However, it matters but little whether the writer was the learned Doctor of Bethlehem or the French Minister in New York ; the facts remain the same, viz., that the paper quoted formed the incentive for the critical investigations of Baron Humboldt into the early history of America.
October, 1897.
JULIUS F. SACHSE.
%
Julius Friedrich Sachse
APPENDIX.
TITLE PAGES OF
BOOK AND PAMPHLETS
THAT INFLUENCED
German Emigration TO
Pennsylvania
REPRODUCED IN FAC-SIMILE
FOR
Che Dennsylvania-German Society. BY
JULIUS FRIEDRICH SACHSE.
PHILADELPHIA. 1897.
[1675]
Appendix. 173-
Seno- Brief
Die Burgermeifter und Rahe Der Stadt
1
Don
WILHELM PENN, aus London neulich gefchrieben/
lind aus Diefen Lanten Denen obgefesten jugefandt :
Hun aber
Offentlich gedruckt/ gutem Ende/ Daf alle/ bornemlich die Bemaltigen auf Erden / und die (fo genanten) Beiftlichen / ben fich ermegen mos gen / mie vich und welcherlen ungereimte und fchadlide Dinge erfolgen aus den n Arin.en/ weiche andere wegen der Reht- gion , und de felben offentlichen und feegen ubung au verfolgen / gebraucht mereen,
In Amfierdam.
Gedruckt bey Chriffoff Cumabent. Anno 1678.
Plate I .- Title-page of Penn's Missive to the Burgomaster and Council of the city of Danzig.
174
The Fatherland 1450-1700. [1678]
Forderung Der Chriftenheit fürs Gericht :
Sampt Einer freundlichen Seumfuchung in der Jisbe (Bottes / an alle die jenige unter allericy Secten Imd Religionen, welche cine Begierde und Bers langen haben nad der QBabren Ertandtnug Bots tes / auff daß fie ihin in der QBarbeit und (Sea redtigtcit möchten tienen und anbeten / fie feyn auch wie fic wollen. Wie audy
Ein Gendbrieff an alle die jenige/ bie unter der Cbrillichen Confeffion, und von den angerlichen Selten und (Gemeinden oder Rirchen abgefondere find.
lind auch sulegt Fin Gendbrieff an alle Die jenige bie von bem Zag ihrer Deymfuchung empfindlich fenn geworden. BBelches alles in ÆEnglifcher Spradje gefdrieben ift
WILHELM PENN, und in Die Doctentfche Sprache creulidy transferiret.
In Zmifieroam / Gebrudt vor Jacob Claus, Kitno 1678.
Plate II .- German title-page of Penn's "Call to Christendom."
[1678]
Appendix. 175
Eine Freundliche Deymfinchung in der Liebe Bottes/ welche Die QBelt ubersvindef.
2n alle Diejenigen ! die cin Berlangen haben! (Ott au fennen / und ihn in Warbeit und Muff= richtigfeit amubitten / von mas Sede, oder Birt von GottesbienR Diefelbigen in der gana ken (fo genanten) Chriftenwelt fenn mogen/ und vornemlich in spods und Dieders Zeutfdyland.
Begreiffinde
Cin Har Oczeugnis ju bem alten Mpoftelifchen Leben / Begy und Anbetung im Geift und in der Warbeit; die Bott in diefer Beit auf Der Erde wiederum wird auffrichten / und lebendig wadjen.
Jn UmfferDam/ Gebrudt vor Jacob Claus, anno 1678.
Plate III-German title-page to Penn's "Tender Visitation."
-
176
The Fatherland 1450-1700. [1678]
Het CHRISTENRIJK TEN
OORDEEL gedagvaart.
Eentederebefoekinge in de Liefde Gods, aan alle die gent die een begeerte hebben om. God te kennen en hemin Waarheyd en Opreguigheyd aan te bidden, van wat Selfe, of foort van Godsdienft de felve zouden mógen wefen
Een Miffive aan alle die gene, die, onder de betyders der Chri. ftelijkheyd, afgefondert zijn van de fichtbare Selten. on uyterlyke Gemeenten.
EN
Een Miffive aan al die genc, die gevoelig zyn van den dag hárer befockingt.
Alles in d' Engelje Tale geschreven door
WILLIAM PENN.
En daar uyt overgefer.
Tot ROTTERDAM. Gedrukt voor JAN PIETERSZ GROENWOUT,. Boekverkooper , wonende op het Speuy 167 8 Plate IV .- Fac-simile of the Dutch collective title-page of Penn's Tracts. Original in the " Archief der Gemeente," Rotterdam.
177
Appendix.
[168I]
SOME
ACCOUNT
OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNSILVANIA IN AMERICA;
Lately Granted under the Great Seal
OF
ENGLAND TO William Penn, &c.
Together with Priviledges and Powers necef- fary to the well-governing thereof.
Made publick for the Information of fuch as are or may be difpofed to Tranfport themfelves or Servants into thofc Parts.
LONDON: Printed, and Sold by Benjamin Clark Bookfelles in George-Yard Lombard Street, 1691. Plate V .- Reduced fac-simile of title-page.
ТИЦ
RAMA
178
The Fatherland 1450-1700. [1681]
Cine
wegcit ber Landfilaft PENNSILVANIA
AMERICA:
Sumoftens unter bem Bronfen Giga
William Penn, &c.
Sambr den Srenheten und ber Strache / fogu beboriger guten Regierung derfelben notig/ ubergeben rverben/
Bum Unterricht derer / foetman bereits bewogen/ oder noch mnechten bewogen werben/ pib feb felbfien barbin . gu begeben / ober einige Bediente und Befinbe an diefen Ors au fenben/hiermit Fund grthan wird.
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