USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > The Philadelphia Directory, 1799 > Part 15
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When vacancies happen in the reprefentation from any flate, the Ex- ecutive authority thereof fhall iffue writes of election to fill fuch vacances.
The Houfe of Reprefentatives fhall choofe their Speaker and other officers ; and fhall have the fole power of impeachment.
Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States fhall be compofed of two fenators form each ftate, chofen by the legiflature thereof, for fix years ; and each fenator fhall have one vote.
Immediately after they fhall be affembled in confequence of the firft election, they fhall be divided as equally as may be into three claffes. The feats of the fenators of the firft clafs fhall be vacated at the expira- tion of the fecond year, of the fecond clafs at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third clafs at the expiration of the fixth year; fo that one third may be chofen every fecond year ; and if vacancies happen by refignation, or otherwife, during the recefs of the Legiflature of any ftate, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments, until the next meeting of the Legiflature, which fhall then fill fuch vacancies.
No perfon fhall be a fenator who fhall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who fhall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that ftate for which he fhall be chofen.
The Vice Prefident of the United States fhall be Prefident of the Se- nate, but fhall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Senate fhall chofe their other officers, and alfo a Prefident pro- tempore, in the abfence of the Vice Prefident, or when he fhall exer- cife the office of Prefident of the United States.
The Senate fhall have the fole power to try all impeachments. When fitting for that purpofe, they fhall be upon oath or affirmation. When the Prefident of the United States is tried, the Chief Juftice fhall pre- fide : And no perfon fhall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members prefent.
Judgment, in cafes of impeachment, fhall not extend further than to removal from office, and difqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honour, truft or profit, under the United States; but the party convicted fhall, neverthelef's, be liable and fubject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punifhment, according to law.
Sect. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding election for fenators and reprefentatives, fhall be prefcribed in each ftate by the Legiflature thereof; but the Congrefs may, at any time by law, make or alter fuch regulations, except as to the places of choofing fenators.
The Congrefs fhall affemble at leaft once in every year, and fuch meet- ing fhall be on the firft Monday in December, unlefs they shall by law appoint a different day.
Sect. 5. Each houfe fhall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each fhall conftitute a quorum to do bufinefs ; but a fmaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorifed to compel the attendance of abfent mem- bers, in fuch manner, and under fuch penalties as each houfe may provide.
Each houfe may determine the rules of its proceedings, punifh its members for diforderly behaviour, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.
Each houfe fhall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to
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time publiff the fame, excepting fuch parts as may, in their judgment, require fecrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either houfe, on any queftion, fhall, at the defire of one fifth of thofe prefent, be en- tered on the journal.
Neither houfe during the feffion of Congrefs, fhall, without the con- fent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houfes fhall be fitting.
Sect. 6. The fenators and reprefentatives hall receive a compenfation for their fervices, to be afcertained by law, and paid out of the treafury of the United States. They fhall, in all cafes, except treafon, felony, . and breach of the peace, be privileged from arreft during their attend- ance at the feffion of their refpective houfes, and in going to and return- ing from the fame ; and for any fpeech or debate in either houfe, they fhall not be queftioned in any other place.
No fenator or reprefentative fhall, during the time for which he was clected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the Uni- ted States, which fhall have been created, or the emoluments whereof fhall have been increafed during fuch time ; and no perfon holding any office under the United States, fhall be a member of either houfe, during his continuance in office.
Sect. 7. All bills for raifing revenue fhall originate in the Houfe of Reprefentatives ; but the Senate may propofe or concur with amend- ments as on other bills.
Every bill which fhall have paffed the Houfe of Reprefentatives and the Senate, fhall, before it becomes a law, be prefented to the Prefident of the United States ; if he approve, he thall fign it, but if not, he thall return it, with his objections, to that houfe in which it fhall have ori- ginated, who fliall enter the objections at large on their journals, and proceed to re-confider it. If, after fuch reconfideration, two thirds of that houfe fhall agree to pai's the bill, it fhall be fent, together with the objections, to the other houfe, by which it fhall likewife be reconfider- ed, and if approved by two thirds of that houfe, it fhall become a law. But in all fuch cales, the votes of both houfes fhall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the perfons voting for and againft the bill, fhall be entered on the journals of each houfe refpectively. If any bill fhall not be returned by the Prefident, within ten days, (Sundays ex- cepted) after it fhall have been prefented to him, the fame fhall be a law, in like manner as if he had figned it, unlefs the Congrefs, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which cafe it fhall not be a law.
Every order, refolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Sc- nate and Houfe of Reprefentatives may be neceffary (except on a queftion of adjournment) fhall be prefented to the Prefident of the United States ; and before the fame fhall take effect, thall be approved by him, or, being difapproved by him, fhall be re-paffed by two-thirds of the Senate and Houfe of Reprefentatives, according to the rules and limitations prefcribed in the cafe of a bill.
Sect. 8. The Congrefs fhall have power,
To lay and collect taxes, duties, impofts and excifes, to pay the debt2 and provide for the common defence and the general welfare of the Uni- ted States ; but all duties, impofts and excifes fhall be uniform tho g': out the United States.
To borrov; money on the credit of the United ftates ;
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To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the feveral Rates, and with the Indian tribes ;
To eftablifh an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws, on the fubject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ;
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the ftandard of weights and meafures ;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the fecurities and cur- rent coin of the United States ;
To eftablith poft offices and poft roads ;
To promote the progrefs of fcience and ufeful arts, by fecuring for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclufive right to their ref- pective writings and difcoveries ;
To conftitute tribunals inferior to the fupreme courts ;
To define and punifh piracies and felonies committed on the high feas, and offences againft the law of nations ;
'To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprifal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water ;
To raife and fupport armies, but no appropriation of money to that ufe, fhall be for a longer term than two years ;
To provide and maintain a navy ;
To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and na- val forces ;
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, fuppref's infurrections and repel invafions :
To provide for organizing, arming, and difciplining the militia, and for governing fuch part of them as may be employed in the fervice of the United States, referving to the States refpectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the dif- cipline prefcribed by Congref's ;
To exercife exclufive legiflation in all cafes whatfoever, over fuch diftrict (not exceeding ten miles fquare) as may, by ceffion of particu- 'lar ftates, and the acceptance of Congrefs, become the feat of the govern- ment of the United States, and to exercife like authority over the places purchafed by the confent of the legiflature of the ftate, in which the fame shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arfenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; And
To make all laws which fhall be neceffary and proper for carrying into exc- cution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vefted by this conftitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officers thereof.
Sect. 9. The migration or importation of fuch perfons as any of the ftates now exifting fhall think proper to admit, fhall not be prohibited by the Congrefs prior to the year One Thoufand Eight Hundred and Eight, but a tax or duty may be impofed on fuch importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each perfon.
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus fhall not be fufpended, un- lefs when it caufes rebellion or invafion, the public fafety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex poft facto law fhall be paffed.
No capitation, or other direct tax, fhall be laid, unlefs in proportion to the cenfus or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
: No tax or duty fhall be laid on articles exported from any ftate. No preference fhall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to
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the ports of one fate over thofe of another ; nor fhall veffels bound te, or from, one ftate, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.
No money fhall be drawn from the treafury, butin confequence of appro- priations made by law ; and a regular flatement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money fhall be publifted from time to time.
No title of nobility fhall be granted by the United States :- And no perfon holding any office of profit or truft under them, fhall without the confent of Congrefs, accept of any prefent, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince or foreign ftate.
Sect. 10. No ftate fhall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confedera- tion ; grant letters of marque and reprifal ; coin money, emit bills of cre- dit ; make any thing but gold and filver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pafs any bill of attainder, ex poft facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.
No ftate fhall, without the confent of Congrefs, lay any impofts or du- ties on exports or imports, except what may be abfolutely neceffary for executing its infpection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and im- pofts, laid by any ftate on imports or exports, fhall be for the ufe of the treafury of the United States ; and all fuch laws fhall be fubject to the revifion and controul of the Congrefs.
No ftate fhall, without the confent of Congrefs, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or fhips of war in the time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another ftate, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unlefs actually invaded, or fuch imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
ARTICLE II.
Sect. 1. The Executive Power fhall be vefted in a Prefident of the United States of America. He fhall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice Prefident, chofen for the fame term, to be elected as follows :
Each ftate fhall appoint, in fuch manner as the legiflature thereof mav direct, a number of clectors, equal to the whole number of fenators and reprefentatives to which the ftate may be entitled in the Congrefs ; but no fenator or reprefentative or perfon holding an office of truft or profit under the United States, fhall be appointed an elector.
The electors thall meet in their refpective flates, and vote by ballot for two perfons, of whom one at leaft fhall not be an inhabitant of the fame flate with themselves. And they fhall make a lift of all the per- fons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which lift they fhall fign and certify, and tranfinit fealed to the feat of the government of the United States, directed to the Prefident of the Senate. The Prefident of the Senate fhall, in the prefence of the Senate and Houfe of Reprefentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes ihall then be counted. The perfon having the greateft number of votes fhall be the Prefident, if fuch number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have fuch majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the Houfe of Reprefentatives fhall immediately chocfe by ballot one of them for Prefident ; and if no per- fon bas a majority, then from the five higheft on the lift the faid houfe fhall, in like manner, choofe the Pref.dent. But in choofing the Prefi- dent the votes fhall be taken by ftates ; the reprefentation from each fate having one vote ; a quorum for this purpofe thall confift of a mem-
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ber or members from two thirds of the ftates, and a majority of all the ftates fhall be neceffary to a choice. In every cafe, after the choice of a Prefident, the perfon having the greateft number of the votes of the ele- tors fhail be the Vice Prefident. But if there fhould remain two or more who have equal votes, the fenate fhall choofe from them by ballot the Vice Prefident.
The Congrefs may determine the time of choofing the electors, and the day on which they fhall give their votes; which day fhall be the fame throughout the United States.
No perfon, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this conftitution ; fhall be eligible to the office of Prefident ; neither fhall any perfon be eligible to that of- fice who fhall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a refident within the United Staets.
In cafe of the removal of the Prefident from office, or his death, re- fignation, or inability to difcharge the powers and duties of the faid of- fice, the fame fhall devolve on the Vice-Prefident, and the Congrefs may by law provide for the cafe of removal, death, refignation, or inability, both of the Prefident and Vice-Prefident, declaring what officer fhall then act as Prefident, and fuch officer fhall act accordingly, until the difability be removed, or a Prefident fhall be elected.
The Prefident fhall, at ftated times, receive for his fervices, a com- penfation, which fhall neither be increafed nor diminifhed during the period for which he fhall have been elected, and he fhall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them.
Before he enters on the execution of his office, he fhall take the fol- lowing oath or affirmation.
" I do folemnly fwear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of Prefident of the United States, and will, to the beft of my ability, preferve, protect, and defend the Conftitution of the United States."
Sect. 2. The Prefident fhall be Commander in Chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the feveral ftates, when called into the actual fervice of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive de- partments, upon any fubject relating to the duties of their refpective of- fices, and he fhall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for of- fences againft the United States, except in cafes of impeachment.
He fhall have power, by and with the advice and confent of the Se- nate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the fenators prefent con- cur; and he fhall nominate, and by and with the advice and confent of the fenate, thall appoint ambaffadors, other public minifters, and confuls, judges of the fupreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whofe appointments are not herein otherwife provided for, and which fhall be eftablifhed by law. But the Congrefs may by law veft the ap- pointments of fuch inferior officers, as they think proper, in the Prefi- dent alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
The Prefident fhall have power to fill up all vacancies that may hap- pen during the recefs of the fenate, by granting commiffions which fhall expire at the end of their next feffion.
Sect. 3. He fhall from time to time give to the Congrefs information of the itate of the union, and recommend to their confideration fuch meafures as he fhall judge neceffary and expedient ; he may, on extra-
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ordinary occafions, convene both houfes, or either of them, and in cafe of difagreement between them, with refpect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to fuch time as he may think proper ; he fhall re- ceive ambaffadors and other public minifters ; he fhall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and fhall commiffion all the officers of the United States.
Sect. 4. The Prefident, Vice-Prefident, and all civil officers of the United States, fhall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con- viction of, treafon, bribery, or other high crimes and mifdemeanors.
A. RT. III.
Sect. I. The Judicial power of the United States fhall be vefted in one fupreme court, and in fuch inferior courts as the Congrefs may from time to time ordain and eftablifh. The judges both of the fupreme and the inferior courts, fhall hold their offices during good behaviour, and fhall, at ftated times, receive for their fervices, a compenfation, which fhall not be diminifhed during their continuance in office.
Sect. 2. The judicial power fhall extend to all cafes, in law and equi- ty, arifing under this conftitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which fhall be made, under their authority ; to all cafes affecting ambaffadors, other public minifters, and confuls ; to all cafes of admiralty and maritime jurifdiction : to controverfies to which the Uni- ted States fhall be a party ; to controverfies between two or more ftates, between a ftate and citizens of another ftate, between citizens of different ftates, between citizens of the fame ftate claiming lands under grants of different ftates, and between a ftate and the citizens thereof, and foreign ftates, citizens or fubjests.
In all cafes affecting ambaffadors, other public minifters and confuls, and thofe in which a ftate fhall be a party, the fupreme court fhall have original juridiction. In all other cafes before-mentioned, the fupreme court fhall have appellate jurifdiction both as law and fact, with fuch ex- ceptions, and under fuch regulations, as the Cngrefs Ihall make.
The trial of all crimes, except in cafes of impeachment, fhall be by jury ; and fuch trial fhall be held in the ftate where the faid crimes fhall have been committed ; but when not committed within any ftate, the trial shall be at fuch place or places as the Congrefs may by law have directed.
Sect. 3. Treafon againft the United States fhall confift only in levying war againft them, or adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No perfon fhall be convicted of treafon, unlefs on the tefti- mony of two witneffes to the fame overt act, or on confeifion in open court.
The Congrefs fhall have power to declare the punifhment of treafon, but no attainder of treafon fhall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the perfon attained.
ART. IV.
Sect. 1. Full faith and credit fhall be given in each ftate to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other ftate. And the Congreß's may by general laws preicribe the manner in which fuch acts, records, and proceedings may be proved, and the effect thereof.
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Sect. 2. The citizens of each ftate fhall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the feveral ftates.
A perfon charged in any ftate with treafon, felony, or other crime, who fhall flee from juftice, and be found in another flate, fhall, on de- mand of the executive authority of the ftate from which he fied, be de- livered up, to be removed to the ftate having jurifdiation of the crime.
No perfon held to fervice or labour in one ftate, under the laws thereof, efcaping into another, fhall, in confequence of any law or regulation therein, be difcharged from fuch fervice or labour, but fhall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom fuch fervice or labour may be due.
Sect. 3. New ftates may be admitted by the Congrefs into this Union ; but no new ftate fhall be formed or erected within the jurifdiction of any other ftate ; nor any ftate be formed by the junction of two or more ftates, or parts of ftates, without the confent of the legiflatures of the ftates concerned, as well as of the Congrefs.
The Congrefs fhall have power to difpofe of, and make all needful rules and regulations refpecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this Conftitution fhall be fo conftrued as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular ftate.
Sect. 4. The United States fhall guarantee to every ftate in this Union, a republican form of government, and fhall protect each of them againft invafion ; and on application of the legiflature, or of the executive (when the legiflature cannot be convened) againft domeftic violence.
ART. V
The Congrefs, whenever two thirds of both houfes fhall deem it ne- ceffary, fhall propofe amendments to this Conftitution, or on the appli- cation of the legiflatures of two thirds of the feveral ftates, fhall call a convention for propofing amendments, which, in either cafe, fhall be valid to all intents and purpofes, as part of this Conftitution, when ra- tified by the legiflatures of three fourths of the feveral ftates, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ra- tification may be propofed by the Congref's ; Provided, that no amend- ments which may be made prior to the year One Thoufand Eight Hun- dred and Eight, fhall in any manner affect the firft and fourth claufes in the 9th fection of the firft article ; and that no ftate, without its con- fent, fhall be deprived of its equal fuffrage in the Senate.
ART. VI.
All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adop- tion of this Conftitution, fhall be as valid againft the United States un- der this Conftitution, as under the confederation.
This Conftitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in purfuance thereof ; and all treaties made, or which fhall be made, under the authority of the United States, fhall be the fupreme law of the land ; and judges in every ftate fhall be bound thereby, any thing in the Conftitution or laws of any flate to the contrary notwith- ftanding.
The fenators and reprefentatives before-mentioned, and the members of the feveral ftate legiflatures, and all the executive and judicial offi-
cers, both of the United States and of the feveral ftates, fhafl be bound by oath or affirmation, to fupport this Conftitution : but no religious teft fhall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public truft under the United States.
ART. VII.
The ratification of the convention of nine ftates, fhall be fufficient for the eftablifhment of this Conftitution between the fates fo ratifying the fame.
DONE in CONVENTION, by the unanimous consent of the states pre- sent, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty Seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, PRESIDENT.
The above Constitution was adopted by
Delaware State,
December 6, 1787.
Pennfylvania,
December 12.
New-Jerfey,
December 18.
Georgia,
January 2, 1788.
Connecticut,
January.
Maffachufetts,
February 7.
Maryland,
April 28.
South-Carolina,
May 23.
New-Hampfhire,
June 21.
Virginia,
June 25.
New-York,
July 264
GOVERNMENT
OF THE
UNITED STATES.
FOR 1799.
SUPREME EXECUTIVE
J OHN ADAMS, Prefident of the United States, and commander im chief of all their forces by land and fea ; elected for four years from the 4th day of March, 1797, falary 25,000, dolls. per ann.
Thomas Jefferfon, vice-Prefident, and Prefident of the Senate, falary 5,000 dolls per ann.
SENATORS OF THE UNITED STATES.
IN THE 5th CONGRESS.
New-Hampshire-John Langdon, Samuel Livermore. Vermont-Nathaniel Chipman, Elijah Paine. Massachusetts-Benjamin Goodhue, Theodore Sedgwick. Rhode Island-Ray Green, Theodore Fofter. Connecticut -- James Hillhoufc, Uriah Tracy. New-York-William North, John Laurence. New-Jersey-John Rutherford, Richard Stockton. Pennsylvania-William Bingham, James Rofs. Delaware-Henry Latimer.
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