USA > Rhode Island > Picturesque Rhode Island : pen and pencil sketches of the scenery and history its cities, towns, and hamlets, and of men who have made them famous > Part 5
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Portsmouth is still, and always has been, mainly an agricultural community, but for an agricultural town it is unusually rich in histori- cal incident. Within its borders one of the most daring exploits of the Revolution was performed. Just north of the northern boundary line of Middletown, stands what is left of the house that was once the headquarters of the English General Prescott. Very little of the old dwelling remains, and the house wears a decidedly modern as- pect. In May, 1777, Lord Percy departing from Newport, left Brig .- Gen. Richard Prescott in command of the British forces. " Prescott was a man advanced in years, of small stature, of harsh temper, who carried, even beyond the common measure of military insolence, his contempt and hatred for those whom he persistently refused to regard in any other light than as rebels against their king. He had brought with him to Rhode Island a reputation stained with many acts of cruelty ; his conduct upon the island more than sustained the repu- tation he had before acquired. Thus, he ordered 300 lashes to be given to Thomas Austin, because he refused to yoke his team to carry a cannon across the island for use against the American troops. The remonstrances of attending physicians, who assured the tyrant that his bleeding victim could not possibly survive such torture, alone prevented the carrying out of the inhuman order.
In the latter part of the year 1776 General Charles Lee, second in command of the American forces, had been captured by a British scouting party, under circumstances that were deemed peculiarly disgraceful by all true patriots. The character of Lee was not un-
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PORTSMOUTH.
A Glimpse of Bristol Ferry.
derstood at the time; his entire lack of principle had not then been made manifest. The Americans, for the most part, felt that a gallant officer was likely to be held in captivity for an indefinite time, because they held no English officer of equal rank, for whom to exchange him. No one felt the humiliation more keenly than Maj. William Barton, of the Second Rhode Island Regiment, a young man not yet twenty-nine years of age. Major Barton, with his own hand, afterward prepared an account of the capture of Prescott, which is still preserved in the cabinet of the Rhode Island Historical Society. In it he says : "He had a very high opinion of the general's ability, and used the greatest endeavors to get intelligence of some British officers of the same rank, and thus effect an exchange of that great man."
On the tenth day of June, 1777, a fugitive from the island carried to the quarters of Barton at Tiverton, the intelligence that Prescott was quartered at Mr. Overing's house, distant about five miles from Newport, and one mile from the west shore of the island. He also reported that no troops were stationed near the house, and that the general's only protection was the guard-ship that lay oppo- site his quarters. Major Barton at once determined to effect his capture. Five whale-boats, large enough to contain forty men, were
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PICTURESQUE , RHODE ISLAND.
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quickly secured. His regiment having been assembled, Barton explained that a secret expedition of great danger was to be under- taken, and called for vohmteers. The whole regiment at once stepped forward. Barton selected forty men, expert in rowing, and practiced his crews daily until he had become satisfied with their proficiency. On the 4th of July the little flotilla left Tiverton, passing first to Bris- tol, and afterward to Warwick, as the most suitable point for the final departure. While off Hog Island, in full view of the British ships, the object of the expedition was announced to the crews. Its tre- mendous risk deterred no one from continuing it. On the 9th of July the party, forty-one men in all, left Warwick. Their leader com- manded them " to preserve the strictest order; to have no thought of plunder ; to observe the profoundest silence, and to take with them no spirituous liquors." Wise directions they were, and most faithfully carried out. Barton closed his short address by invoking the Divine blessing upon his undertaking. With muffled oars, the boats pulled silently onward through the friendly darkness of the summer night, passing so near the enemy's ships that they heard dis- tinctly the sentinel's " all's well," as the hours were called.
On reaching the shore, one man was left in charge of each boat. The rest of the party, forming in five divisions, crept cautiously on toward the house. They found their way beset with dangers greater than those their leader had reckoned upon. On their left was a guard-house in which a squad of soldiers had been quartered. Two hundred yards away, on their right, a company of light cavalry had been stationed. Twenty-five yards from the gate of the house they encountered a sentinel. When the gate was opened this sentinel at once challenged the party. He was seized and bound, and threat- ened with instant death if he made the slightest noise. In the first chamber they entered was found Mr. Overing, the owner of the house. At the noise of their entrance, Prescott awoke, and at once called out to know what the matter was. Almost immediately he found himself a prisoner. The story often told is, that the door of Prescott's room was forced open by the ram-like stroke of a negro's head, but Barton, in his narrative, mentions no such incident. The British general made no attempt to conceal his identity. Clad in exceedingly scanty attire, he was hurried from the house and across the fields, rough with wheat-stubble and with brambles, to the boats. The sentinel who had been first captured, and Major Bar- rington, Prescott's aid, who had leaped from the window at the first
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PORTSMOUTH.
alarm, were also carried away prisoners. Hardly had the party pushed off from the shore, before the whole island seemed aroused, but the darkness of the night effectually concealed the Americans. Not until they received a dispatch from him at Providence, did his troops learn the fate of their commander. The track of his captors was easily traced to the water-side, but the rippling waves rendered further search hopeless. The party reached Warwick Neck at day-break, having been absent six hours and a half. The effect of Barton's exploit cannot be better told than in the words of the late Professor Diman, the orator of the celebration of the one-hundredth anni- versary of the event. " Wherever the news spread, it made a great impres- sion. It came at a period of discour- agement, when men were weary of the long inactivity of Spencer, and were watching with apprehension the ad- Old Wind-mill. vance of Burgoyne; and, of however slight importance in its bearing on military operations, it had a prodigious effect in rousing the popular spirit. Thatcher writes, in his Journal, that when the intelligence reached the northern army 'it occasioned great joy and exultation.'. It even lifted the dark cloud which hung over the face of Washington, who at once sent a dispatch to Congress announcing the capture of Prescott, and de- scribing it as ' a bold enterprise.'"
On the hills of Portsmouth was fought the battle of Rhode Island, which the illustrious Lafayette is reported to have described as " the best-fought battle of the war." It showed the heroism undis- ciplined American troops could display, even when confronted with the veteran regiments of Great Britain. It was a victory for the Americans, but was followed by their retreat. Its moral effect was most important.
Among the most prominent features of the Portsmouth landscape to-day are the great wind-mills that surmount some of the loftiest hills of the town. No traveler passes by on the waters of the bay who does not admire their picturesque appearance, as their long arms revolve against the eastern sky. There are four of these antique
9
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PICTURESQUE RHODE ISLAND.
structures in the town. The town is also noted for its coal mines. The coal obtained is said to be most valuable for smelting purposes, but, probably from the ignorance of those who have attempted to use it, has not won great commendation for its heating properties. It only needs more intelligence in the methods of using it to become of great value. " It is hard to light it up, but it is harder to extinguish it." The poet Bryant thus apostrophizes it :
" Yea, they did wrong thee foully - they who mocked Thy honest face, and said thou would'st not burn ; Of hewing thee to chimney-pieces talked, And grew profane - and swore in bitter scorn, That men might to thy inner caves retire, And there, unsinged, abide the day of fire,"
THE NAME OF AWASHONKS, the " squaw sachem," often greets the eye as we peruse the pages of the history of King Philip's War. She ruled over the Seaconnet Indians, in the territory now mainly comprised within the limits of the town of LITTLE COMPTON. The Indian queen was a kinswoman of Philip of Pokanoket. For years before the war was planned her tribe had acknowledged his superior authority. The great chieftain very naturally reckoned her warriors among his surest allies in war, and his most steadfast friends in peace. But for one seemingly unimportant circumstance, the famous sachem would perhaps never have had occasion to bemoan their defection, and the horrors of Philip's War would have been prolonged for years.
In the year 1674 the first white settler took up his abode upon the lands belonging to the Seaconnet tribe. He was a tall and well- proportioned Englishman, with a frame so firmly knit and so finely developed that he seemed able to bid defiance to physical infirmity and bodily fatigue. Benjamin Church was then in the juicy prime of life, being about thirty-five years of age. His unusual muscular vigor, his constitutional cheerfulness, his remarkable tact, and above all, his dauntless courage, quickly compelled the respect of his sav- age neighbors. In the course of a year's residence among them he gained a keener insight into the Indian character, and a greater power to influence the Indian mind, than any man of his race has since been able to acquire. That year's residence at Seaconnet was, perhaps, the one thing that was needed to make Captain Church the unequaled " Indian fighter " that he soon proved himself to be. He was a native of Duxbury, a carpenter by trade, and had lived in many towns of Massachusetts, working at his trade in journeyman
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LITTLE COMPTON.
fashion, as was the custom in the colony at that time, before he determined to make for himself a home at Seaconnet. Having pur- chased a farm, he at once erected two buildings upon it, and set him- self diligently at work to improve it, "and had a fine prospect of doing no small things. Behold ! the rumor of a war between the English and the natives gave check to his projects."
No one needs to be told of the part he took in that war. History has delighted to bestow her choicest encomiums upon him. The old hero himself, in the last years of his life, recognizing the fact that " every particle of historical truth is precious," wrote a very careful account of his participation in it. His narrative is told in plain and simple, and yet in exceedingly graphic style, is acknowl- edged to be singularly trustworthy in all its statements, and is writ- ten, as its author states in his preface, " with as little reflection as might be upon any particular person, alive or dead." From it, two striking descriptions of events which have made the territory of Little Compton historic ground, have been transferred to these pages.
The " rumor of a war" was soon confirmed by a messenger sent from Awashonks to invite Mr. Church to be present at a great dance shortly to take place in her dominions. King Philip had already sent envoys urging the Seaconnets (Sogkonates, Captain Church always calls them) to join their fortunes with his, and at this dance the part they were to take in the war was to be decided. Mr. Church therefore hastened to accept the invitation. He found hundreds of warriors gathered together at the place appointed. Awashonks her- self was leading the dance ; but as soon as she learned of Church's arrival she broke off from it, called her nobles around her, and ordered him to be invited to her presence. After some minutes' conversation with him, during which she seemed much convinced by his arguments, she summoned the Mount Hope men, -the messengers from Philip. They presented a most formidable appearance; their faces were painted, " their hair was trimmed up in comb fashion," i. e., like the comb of a cock ; and their powder-horns and shot-bags were at their backs, as was the custom of their nation when war had been deter- mined upon.
" Stepping up to the Mount Hopes, Mr. Church felt of their bags, and finding them filled with bullets, asked them what those bullets were for. They scoffingly replied, 'To shoot pigeons with. Then Mr. Church turned to Awashonks and told her that if Philip were resolved to make war, her best way would be to knock these
.
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PICTURESQUE RHODE ISLAND.
six Mount Hopes on the head, and shelter herself under the pro- tection of the English ; upon which the Mount Hopes were for the present dumb. But those two of Awashonks' men who had been at Mount Hope, expressed themselves in a furious manner against his advice. And Little Eyes, one of the queen's counsel, joined with them, and urged Mr. Church to go aside with him among the bushes, that he might have some private discourse' with him, which other Indians immediately forbid ; being sensible of his ill design. But the Indians began to side and grow very warm. Mr. Church, with undaunted courage, told the Mount Hopes that they were bloody wretches, and thirsted after the blood of their English neighbors, who had never injured them, but had always abounded in their kind- ness to them. That, for his own part, though he desired nothing more than peace, yet, if nothing but war would satisfy them, he be- lieved he should prove a sharp thorn in their sides ; bid the company observe these men that were of such bloody dispositions, whether Providence would suffer them to live to see the event of the war, which others, more peaceably disposed, might do, etc., etc."
Moved by Church's advice, Awashonks requested him to go to Plymouth in her behalf, to arrange a compact between her tribe and the English authorities. The war, breaking out sooner than was anticipated, rendered his mission useless at that time, but the part Church had taken had a very important bearing upon the issue of the contest. About a year afterward the English Captain happened to meet one of the Seaconnets, whose friendship he had won at this conference, and through him was enabled once more to open nego- tiations with the squaw sachem. A meeting was arranged between them, Church specifying that not more than three persons should attend the princess. He himself went to the place appointed in a canoe, with one man to attend him. Another canoe, with two other men in it, was stationed off the shore, to observe the fate which might befall the bold warrior.
" He was no sooner landed, but Awashonks and the rest that he had appointed to meet him there rose up and came down to meet him; and each of them successively gave him their hands, and ex- pressed themselves glad to see him. and gave him thanks for expos- ing himself to visit them. They walked together about a gun-shot from the water, to a convenient place to sit down, when at once rose up a great body of Indians, who had lain hid in the grass (that was as high as a man's waist), and gathered around them, till they had
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LITTLE COMPTON.
196
Mount Hope.
closed them in; being all armed with guns, spears, hatchets, etc., with their hairs trimmed and faces painted, in their war-like appear- ance. It was doubtless somewhat surprising to our gentleman at first, but without any visible discovery of it, after a small silent pause on each side, he spoke to Awashonks, and told her that George (the Indian through whom he had arranged the conference) had informed him that she had a desire to see him, and discourse about making peace with the English. She answered, 'Yes.' 'Then,' said Mr. Church, 'it is customary when people meet to treat of peace, to lay 'aside their arms, and not to appear in, such hostile form as your people do.' He desired of her, that if they might talk about peace, which he desired they might, her men might lay aside their arms, and appear more treatable. Upon which there began a con- siderable noise and murmur among them in their own language, till Awashonks asked him what arms they should lay down, and where? He (perceiving the Indians looked very surly and much displeased) replied : 'Only their guns at some small distance, for formality's sake.' Upon which, with one consent, they laid aside their guns and came and sat down.
"Mr. Church pulled out his calabash, and asked Awashonks whether she had lived so long at Wetuset (Wachuset) as to forget to drink occapeches ? and drinking to her, he perceived that she watched him very diligently, to see whether he swallowed any of the rum. He offered her the shell, but she desired him to drink again first.
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PICTURESQUE RHODE ISLAND.
He then told her that there was no poison in it ; and pouring some in the palm of his hand sipped it up. And took the shell and drank to her again, and drank a good swig, which indeed was no more than he needed. Then they all standing up he said to Awashonks, ' You won't drink for fear there should be poison in it,' and then handed it to a little ill-looking fellow, who catched it readily enough, and as greedily would have swallowed the liquor when he had it at his mouth. But Mr. Church catched him by the throat, and took it from him, asking him whether he intended to swallow it shell and all ; and then handed it to Awashonks. She ventured to take a good hearty draw, and passed it among her attendants. The shell being emptied, he pulled out his tobacco ; and having distributed it, they began to talk.
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