USA > Rhode Island > Rhode Island tercentenary, 1636-1936. A report by the Rhode Island Tercentenary commission of the celebration of the three-hundredth anniversary of the settlement of the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations > Part 9
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12
The total was very evenly divided between out of State and Rhode Island motorists. There was a very general demand among drivers in this State for the Tercentenary road map and for the other literature distributed, much of it being new to the greater number of local callers. The total of out of State registrations was 11,003. Many of these motorists from other States were visiting Rhode Island for the first time and a number expressed their desire to return during another year.
The suggestion that the State information booths take the form of log cabins came from the State Planning Board, through Mr. John Hutchins Cady, Consultant, to whom the Commission makes grateful acknowledgment. The Planning Board also made the first designs and suggested locations. The portals beside the roads at the State line were also planned and designed by the Planning Board, of which Mr. John Nicholas Brown, a member of the Tercentenary Commission, is chairman.
· 103 .
I
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
CONCLUSIONS
It is very evident from the experience of the Tercentenary summer, that a real need exists for maintenance of a similar system of road information stations in this State during the touring season every year. The conclusion is inevitable that such a system of stations would do much to create a good will among the touring public which would react to the material benefit of the State and its people.
Maintained in conjunction with a State tourists bureau oper- ating from the State House, backed with general advertising and furnished with attractive literature outlining the advantages and recreational attractions of the State, and with local Chambers of Commerce cooperating, it would be the first organized effort to present the attractions of one of the finest sections of old New England, to the people of the other States of the Union.
The first move in that direction was made during the Ter- centenary summer by the Secretary of State, who from a small appropriation by the General Assembly secured a limited amount of newspaper advertising for the State as a recreation centre and also reprinted booklets as well as printing new folders calculated to rouse desire to visit Rhode Island. These were distributed from his office and from the log cabins and the other stations. Secretary of State Cappelli's work was well planned and very effective, but it should be continued every year on a much larger scale than was possible in 1936.
The experience of the Tercentenary Commission with the information booths leads to the conclusions that:
A limited number of these booths should be maintained during the touring season, each year.
They should be located where they can best serve the largest number of incoming motorists, at strategic points on main trunk roads.
Three or at most, four, would suffice: one at Westerly, for travel from Connecticut, New York and the Central States; one at Pawtucket, for Boston and Northeastern New England; one at East Providence, at or near the location of the Tercentenary booth; and possibly one at Woonsocket, or perhaps at Bald Hill in Cranston.
· 104 ·
The Rhode Island Tercentenary 1636-1936
They should be opened in mid-June and closed in mid- September, a season shorter than that of the Tercentenary sum- mer but long enough to cover the normal touring season, which begins and ends at these two periods.
They should be open at least 10 hours daily-the hours which were found adequate for the Tercentenary log cabins-from nine in the morning until seven at night-and open seven days a week. In this way each station could be operated with two men working the usual WPA hours.
The cost of this service would be returned many times over in the tourist dollars it would bring to Rhode Island - the only New England State now without an established program of advertising its attractions, the only one failing to make a bid for its share of summer tourist trade.
The New England Council, in whose program of advertising New England as a whole, Rhode Island participates without maintaining a similar system of advertising itself alone, estimates that in 1936, three million tourists or summer visitors spent $475,000,000 while in the New England area. Of this sum it is believed that between $40,000,000 and $45,000,000 would be a fair estimate of the amount they spent in Rhode Island.
This golden flood went to Rhode Island merchants, hotel, inn and guest home keepers, service station operators, markets, amuse- ments, resorts and others. How much more might be brought to this State by additional advertising and publicity, can only be imagined.
It rests with the General Assembly as to whether or not this source of additional prosperity shall be increased.
MATERIAL DISTRIBUTED FROM TERCENTENARY INFORMATION BOOTHS
COMMISSION PUBLICATION - Rhode Island's Historic Background Tercentenary Historical and Road Map of Rhode Island Tercentenary Calendar of Events and Exhibits
FROM THE SECRETARY OF STATE:
Rhode Island for Real Recreation and Hospitality-36 page booklet Welcome to Rhode Island Tercentenary Celebrations-Folder Inns and Hotels in Rhode Island-with their rates-Folder The Rhode Island State House-36 page booklet
Know Rhode Island-64 page booklet
· 105 .
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
FROM PROVIDENCE JOURNAL COMPANY: Seeing Providence-16 page double folder Guide
FROM BROWN UNIVERSITY: Folder describing the University-Illustrated
FROM STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK:
New England Maps New York State Maps United States Maps Citigraph of Providence
FROM JOHN NICHOLAS BROWN: Illustrated four-page folder describing the John Brown House
FROM WESTERLY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: South County Historical Maps Westerly Shores-Illustrated pamphlet
"Old Westerly"-24 page booklet Second Series of South County historical maps
FROM MT. HOPE BRIDGE COMPANY: Newport and the Historic Island of Rhode Island-Historical Map and map of the famous Ten Mile Drive
FROM NARRAGANSETT CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: 4-page folder-"Come to Narragansett by the Sea"
FROM JAMESTOWN & NEWPORT FERRY COMPANY: Time Tables and Ferry Rates-card and circular
FROM EAST GREENWICH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: East Greenwich Folders-Illustrated-with Map
FROM RHODE ISLAND HOTEL ASSOCIATION: You'll Like Rhode Island-Illustrated folder
FROM CRANSTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: Cranston, Rhode Island. 48 page illustrated pamphlet
FROM PROVIDENCE Y. W. C. A .: Folders on the Providence "Y. W."
FROM PROVIDENCE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: The Charm of Providence-Illustrated pocket booklet
FROM NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN & HARTFORD RAILROAD COMPANY: Rhode Island Shores
Southern New England Summer Resorts-1936
Marthas Vineyard
Cape Cod Nantucket About 10,000 of these publications, covering Southern New England were distributed from the eight Tercentenary log cabins, for the benefit of motor tourists coming to Rhode Island, many of them enroute to eastern points.
· 106 .
The Rhode Island Tercentenary 1636-1936
REGISTRATIONS AT INFORMATION BOOTHS
Week Ending
Total
Out of State
June 26-6-28
760
301
July 4
1552
492
July 11
1280
719
July 18
1326
648
July 25
1551
886
August 1
1881
1193
August 8
1920
1229
August 15
1984
1240
August 22
1892
1282
August 29
2039
1170
September 5
1752
1158
September 12
1526
935
September 19
912
596
September 26
725
383
September 30
234
134
21,334
12,366
REGISTRATIONS BY STATES AT LOG CABINS AND INFORMATION BOOTHS
Alabama
14
Nevada
0
Arizona
6
New Hampshire.
114
Arkansas
7
New Jersey
756
California
137
New Mexico
3
Colorado
11
New York
2176
Connecticut
1302
North Carolina
25
Delaware
32
North Dakota
6
Florida
81
Ohio
300
Georgia
21
Oklahoma
19
Idaho
0
Oregon
8
Illinois
188
Pennsylvania
582
Indiana
44
Rhode Island
10,331
Iowa
24
South Carolina
5
Kansas
17
South Dakota
6
Kentucky
19
Tennessee
11
Louisiana
7
Texas
38
Maine
126
Utah
6
Maryland
114
Vermont
82
Massachusetts
3921
Virginia
53
Michigan
218
Washington
12
Minnesota
34
West Virginia
23
Mississippi
4
Wisconsin
35
Missouri
59
Wyoming
4
Montana
4
Washington, D. C.
114
Nebraska
13
· 107 .
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
REGISTRATIONS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES AT LOG CABINS AND INFORMATION BOOTHS
Canada
189
Philippine Islands
1
Great Britain
13
Denmark
1
Scotland
4
South Africa
1
China
2
Italy
1
Panama
2
Canal Zone.
1
Roumania
1
Hawaii
1
Poland
1
Cuba
1
Spain
1 Honduras
1
Ireland
1
Lithuania
1
ITEMIZED SUMMARY OF REPORTS FROM OFFICIAL TERCENTENARY GUIDES CALLS AT TERCENTENARY INFORMATIONS AND STATIONS
WEEK ENDING JULY 11
WEEK ENDING JUNE 27
Westerly
154
Westerly
38
Dawley Park
16
East Providence
79
Rumford
25
East Providence
119
Pawtucket
17
Dawley Park
3
Chepachet
25
Cranston
23
No. Scituate
31
Woonsocket
140
House on the Mall
503
Scituate
12
Rumford
107
House on the Mall
423
Warren
27
Tiverton
41
760
WEEK ENDING JULY 18
Woonsocket
163
Dawley Park
13
Westerly
142
Bald Hill
49
Pawtucket
47
East Providence
114
Scituate
53
Pawtucket
44
Dawley Park
9
Scituate
23
Chepachet
48
Chepachet
43
Bald Hill
51
Woonsocket
179
East Providence
162
Rumford
91
Rumford
107
Warren
22
Warren
13
Tiverton
37
Tiverton
48
House on the Mall
809
House on the Mall
483
1552
1326
· 108 .
1280
WEEK ENDING JULY 4
Westerly
128
Cranston
48
Pawtucket
35
Woonsocket
174
The Rhode Island Tercentenary 1636-1936
WEEK ENDING JULY 25
Woonsocket
44
East Providence
420
No. Scituate
72
House on the Mall
398
Chepachet
91
Westerly
295
E. Providence
269
No. Scituate 239
Pawtucket
149
Pawtucket
206
Dawley Park
14
Cranston
128
Cranston
70
Rumford
87
Chepachet
75
Woonsocket
58
Dawley Park
48
Tiverton
22
Warren
8
1551
WEEK ENDING AUG. 1
Westerly
402
House on the Mall
380
E. Providence
3$9
Pawtucket 180
Scituate
178
Chepachet
88
Cranston
83
Rumford
74
Woonsocket
62
Tiverton
36
Tiverton
23
Dawley Park
18
Dawley Park
19
1881
WEEK ENDING AUG. 8
East Providence
373
House on the Mall
317
Westerly
293
Westerly
269
No. Scituate 273
Pawtucket 209
No. Scituate
200
Cranston
128
Cranston
146
Rumford
100
Chepachet
78
Chepachet
98
Rumford
65
Woonsocket
57
Woonsocket
41
Dawley Park
29
Tiverton
30
Tiverton
19
Warren
13
Warren
8
Dawley Park
7
1920
WEEK ENDING AUG. 29
House on the Mall
638
East Providence
343
Pawtucket
225
Cranston
132
Chepachet
80
Rumford
72
Woonsocket
35
Warren
20
Warren
2
1892
WEEK ENDING AUG. 22
East Providence
413
House on the Mall
388
Scituate
302
Westerly
215
Pawtucket
212
Westerly
203
Warren
31
Rumford
59
House on the Mall
549
WEEK ENDING AUG. 15
1984
2039
· 109 .
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
WEEK ENDING SEPT. 5
WEEK ENDING SEPT. 19
House on the Mall
460
House on the Mall
358
East Providence
343
East Providence
125
No. Scituate
245
Pawtucket
113
Pawtucket
190
Cranston
111
Westerly
175
Cranston
160
Chepachet
61
Rumford
60
Woonsocket
37
Tiverton
21
912
WEEK ENDING SEPT. 26
House on the Mall
264
East Providence
122
Cranston
105
Westerly
94
Pawtucket
79
Rumford
38
Woonsocket
23
WEEK ENDING SEPT. 12
House on the Mall
430
East Providence
295
North Scituate
193
Cranston
179
Woonsocket Cabin
16
Westerly Cabin
14
Westerly
127
Pawtucket Cabin
49
Rumford
69
East. Providence
36
Woonsocket
49
Rumford Station
24
Tiverton
26
House on the Mall
95
1526
Westerly
105
Rumford
58
Woonsocket
33
Tiverton
9
1752
725
WEEK ENDING SEPT. 30
Pawtucket
158
234
· 110 .
Rhode Island Tercentenary
. 1636 . 1936
PORTAL
The Rhode Island Tercentenary 1636-1936
THE ROAD PORTALS - "ENTERING RHODE ISLAND"
RHODE ISLAND'S welcoming portals, erected at the State border on each side of every main highway as it crosses the State line, remain as permanent reminders of the Rhode Island Tercentenary. Those erected on either side of the eight log cabin information booths maintained by the State Commission, are being utilized by the State Division of Forests, Parks and Park- ways. They proved one of the most attractive features of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the founding of the State.
These portals, built to match the log cabin information booths, consist of two cedar tree trunks nine feet seven inches high and six inch diameter, connected by a cross bar five feet six inches long. Like the logs used in building the cabins, they were treated with zinc chloride for permanence.
From the cross bar hangs an oak slab on whose smooth side is cut the legend "Entering Rhode Island" for the portals on the right side of the road and "Rhode Island Tercentenary, 1636-1936" on the left side. The traveller leaving the State sees "Leaving Rhode Island" on the portal on his right. There are 52 of these portals, marking 36 of the highways entering the State.
They were designed by the State Planning Board and the National Park Service and were placed by the State Division of Forests, Parks and Parkways. Like the log cabins, they were built at the Beach Pond Camp of the Civilian Conservation Corps under direction of Col. Thomas J. Hill Peirce, Chief of the Division of Forests, Parks and Parkways, with the cooperation of the National Park Service.
· 111 .
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
THE POSTER AND STICKER
T HE figure of a man wearing the conical hat and the brown garb of a pilgrim, featured the Tercentenary poster. His left hand held a large, thick book under his arm. His open right hand was outstretched in welcome. His open countenance bore a look of earnestness, his eyes gazing off into the distance. His right foot was extended as though he were walking. It was a figure of action, of life, of zeal.
Behind this man, who appeared as though mounting the crest of a hill, stretched a lush green valley with a winding river in the distance. The scene was the upper valley of the Pettaquamscutt river as beheld from Hannah's Rock in Narragansett near the Moorsfield and Tower Hill roads. The figure was generally taken to be that of Roger Williams, although it was not so intended by the artist, Donald Cowell of Providence.
River and sky behind the figure were the same deep blue. Against this background was the motto in white lettering
WELCOME TO HISTORIC RHODE ISLAND
Below the figure stretched, in black lettering, the word TERCENTENARY Beneath this, again in black, were the dates 1636 MAY-OCTOBER 1936
The poster was 20 x 30 inches, printed in six colors, non- fading, washable, by the silk-screen process using paint instead of ink, on 14-ply board and on 70-pound offset stock, 1000 of each weight.
It was shown by the New York, New Haven & Hartford and other New England railroads in their stations, and by the N. Y. Central in New York. Automobile clubs affiliated with the American Automobile Association used it in their touring informa-
· 112
The Rhode Island Tercentenary 1636-1936
tion centres. It was used in schools, public and private, in this and other States. It was shown in public libraries and it was sent to collectors. Altogether it had a wide distribution, including displays by Rhode Island merchants.
Its central figure was used by the Providence Tercentenary Committee in the signboard hung as a swinging sign in front of the House on the Mall. It was used by one of New England's largest department stores as a window display early in the Ter- centenary period. The figure was used by permission from the Tercentenary Commission, in national advertising for several Rhode Island business houses. It was one of the most attractive cachets issued on the opening day of the Tercentenary, May 4, the day the Rhode Island Tercentenary postage stamp went on sale.
And the New England Telephone & Telegraph Company used the design in miniature on the cover of the telephone directories for Providence and its other exchanges in Rhode Island, in addition to giving over the page directly facing the first telephone listings, to the Rhode Island Tercentenary, as written by the Secretary of the Commission.
The poster was reproduced in miniature form, 21/8 x 11/2 inches, as a sticker. This was done through arrangement with the Tercentenary Commission, by a Providence lithograph house, the Foxon Company, Inc., probably the largest label house in the country. This reproduction was an accurate miniature of the poster, even to the six colors. It was very extensively used on mailing pieces, more than 400,000 stickers being sold. This was a private enterprise, with which the Tercentenary Commission had no connection. The Commission sold nothing and declined all business connections during the Tercentenary.
Of the 405,000 stickers sold, 105,000 were taken through the Providence Chamber of Commerce and 95 % of the total were taken in Providence. The use of this sticker did much to carry the news of the Tercentenary throughout the United States.
· 113 .
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
GOVERNOR THEODORE FRANCIS GREEN
AND THE
RHODE ISLAND TERCENTENARY COMMISSION
REQUEST THE HONOR OF YOUR PRESENCE AT LUNCHEON ON
SUNDAY, OCTOBER THE ELEVENTH AT TWELVE O'CLOCK NOON
IN THE
PROVIDENCE BILTMORE BALLROOM
IN HONOR OF
COMMANDER DOCTOR GUIDO SEGRÉ
ROYAL CONSUL GENERAL OF ITALY AT BOSTON
On the occasion of the presentation by the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island, Order Sons of Italy in America, that afternoon at half past two o'clock in the State House, of a bronze tablet commemorating the visit to Narragansett Bay in 1524 by
GIOVANNI DA VERRAZZANO A Son of Italy
· 114
-
1
EXERCISES AT STATE HOUSE, ITALIAN DAY, OCTOBER 11TH
The Rhode Island Tercentenary 1636-1936
"ITALIAN DAY," OCTOBER 11, 1936
N Sunday, October 11, 1936, designated by Gov. Theodore Francis Green as "Italian Day," the Rhode Island Tercentenary Commission joined Gov. Green in giving a reception and luncheon at the Providence Biltmore hotel to Commander Guido Segre, Royal Italian Consul General at Boston, the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island, Order Sons of Italy in America, and a large group of heads of Italian societies in Rhode Island, as well as citizens of Italian birth or ancestry. Vice Chairman Frank E. Ballou of the Tercentenary Commission, presided.
This was followed at two o'clock by exercises on the front terraces and lawns of the State House at which Cav. Luigi Scala, Grand Venerable of the Grand Lodge presented to the State, through Gov. Green, a bronze tablet commemorating the visit to Narragansett Bay, April 21 to May 5, 1524, of Giovanni da Verraz- zano who first likened an island near the mouth of Narragansett Bay, to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean. This reference, contained in a letter dated July 8, 1524, is the first mention of the name Rhode Island or any of its variations in connection with Narragansett Bay.
The tablet, cast at Gorhams, was modeled by Aristide Cian- farani of Providence. Below a bust of the explorer, set in a circle, is the inscription:
IN LASTING TRIBUTE TO THE INTREPID MARINER GIOVANNI da VERRAZZANO
OF FLORENCE, ITALY, WHO IN HIS GOOD SHIP "DELFINA" VISITED NARRAGANSETT BAY APRIL 21 TO MAY 5, 1524
HIS DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPLORATIONS THEN MADE IS THE EARLIEST RECORD WE HAVE OF THIS DISTRICT AND HIS REFERENCE TO THE ISLAND OF RHODES LED TO THE USE OF THE NAME RHODE ISLAND
PRESENTED BY THE GRAND LODGE OF RHODE ISLAND OF THE ORDER SONS OF ITALY IN AMERICA, OCTOBER 11, 1936
· 115 ·
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
More than 2000 persons were in the great crowd that stood on the State House grounds and heard broadcast the addresses of Cav. Luigi Scala who made the presentation, of Gov. Green who received the tablet and in his speech of acceptance paid eloquent tribute to da Verrazzano the Florentine and Columbus the Genoese, of Associate Justice Antonio A. Capotosto of the Rhode Island Supreme Court and of Commander Dr. Segre.
Justice Capotosto said in the course of an address enthusi- astically received:
"No fair minded person, whatever his origin may be, will deny us as a race the legitimate appreciation of our ancestors. We need not hestitate to affirm that we are of Italian descent and take as much pride in that ancestry as others very properly take in their, for our people are as faithful to their obligations to America as any other group of citizens.
"They are giving their all to this country because they appre- ciate that they are a part of the very life of this nation."
Commander Segre termed the glory of the discovery of America by Columbus and the discovery of Narragansett Bay by Verrazzano a "glory entirely Italian" and said both men were examples of the "spiritual and moral aristocracy of our race." He also outlined the contributions of other great Italians to American history.
Cav. Scala said in his presentation speech, "We in Rhode Island cherish Verrazzano's contribution because it strengthens our ties of gratitude to this land which has become our home and because it brings all of us more closely to the traditions and history of this State, whose fortunes we share, and to whose upbuilding one hundred thousand of us pledge our loyalty and devotion."
It was a brilliant setting in which this presentation was made. On the State House steps, half a hundred or more American and Italian flags were massed. Directly below the section set aside by palms as the speakers platform, four Boy Scouts held a large wreath encircling a big picture of Columbus. On the terraces and on the lawn in front of the steps were brilliantly uniformed bands, women's drill teams of the Order Sons of Italy, and Italian societies and organizations from all parts of the State. Loud speakers carried the voices to all parts of the State House grounds.
· 116 .
The Rhode Island Tercentenary 1636-1936
In accepting the tablet on behalf of the State, Gov. Green said: Mr. Chairman, Commander Doctor Segre, Distinguished Guests and Fellow Citizens:
It gives me great pleasure on behalf of the State of Rhode Island to accept from the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island, Order Sons of Italy in America, the bronze tablet commemorating the visit to Narragansett Bay of Giovanni da Verrazzano. The presentation makes an appropriate part of our Tercennial Celebration, and in behalf of the State of Rhode Island I extend its heartfelt thanks to the generous donors.
Today we honor the memory of two Italian mariners of indominable spirit for whom the terrors of the little known and uncharted Atlantic were never an insurmountable barrier to exploration. They are Christopher Columbus, the Genoese, sailing in 1492 under the colors of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, and Giovanni da Verrazzano, the Florentine, commissioned in 1594 by Francis I of France.
They both sought to discover a route to the regions of Cathay. One discovered and the other explored the continent of America. Each in his own fashion matched the iron of his will and his skill in navigation, unassisted by such delicate and powerful modern instruments as we have today, against the strength of the ocean, that same tumultuous, gigantic contender which from time to time and as late as last September lashed our rockbound coast.
Every school boy and girl in answer to the question: "By whom was American discovered?" will say "Christopher Columbus, best known and best beloved." The answer of course ignores legendary earlier visits, because discovery implies taking back home the record and the proof of the discovery. There were doubtless others who reached the shores of America earlier, but they were not the carriers of European civilization.
The discovery of America was not entirely due to man's inquiring spirit, but also to nature's wind. From latitude 30 degrees North to 30 degrees South the trade-winds prevail. As they blow from the east, they make it easy for boats to cross the Atlantic to America. By far the most important result was the bringing of the civilization of the Mediterranean to the New World. The discovery of America by Columbus in 1492 is sig-
· 117 .
A Report of the Tercentenary Commission
nificant because his discovery and that date mark the beginning of that migration of Europeans westward across the Atlantic Ocean which has continued for more than four centuries, winning two continents for civilization and transforming human society through democracy, first in America and later in Europe.
Columbus and Verrazzano were both venturesome and de- termined commanders and both Italians. For thousands of years the people around the Mediterranean Sea have been bold sailors. Before 600 B. C., Phoenician ships had sailed not only to England, but on a three-year cruise entirely around Africa. At some time or other, long before the Christian era, a stray ship or two belonging to one of the peoples of the western Mediterranean may have been blown to the shores of America by the steady trade-winds. These are facts hardly to be explained otherwise.
For the promotion of Columbus' plan to reach Asia by sailing towards the setting sun, the help of some sovereign was necessary and the heart-rending defeats which Columbus endured at the courts of Portugal and Spain before the final acceptance of his program are as familiar to us as the romance of the joy the first sight of this continent brought to him and his sailors with their sea-weary eyes.
The "Santa Maria," the "Pinta," and the "Nina,"-three small vessels, carrying in all eighty-eight souls-weighed anchor on Friday, August 3, 1492, at eight o'clock in the morning and started on their great adventure. An abstract of Admiral Columbus' diary, made by Las Casas, is still extant, and tells us of all the trials and tribulations of that voyage. On October 11th the "Nina" sighted a floating branch covered with berries. It was like the olive branch the dove brought to Noah. At ten o'clock on that night, Columbus himself saw a light ahead.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.