USA > Rhode Island > Providence County > Providence > The civic and architectural development of Providence, 1636-1950 > Part 29
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Toward the middle of the century architectural schools throughout the country were abandoning eclecticism and teaching only contemporary design. The principal exponent of the movement in Providence was the Rhode Island School of Design's division of architecture which had expanded, under direction of Philip D. Creer (1933-1956) from a preliminary college course to become a fully accredited school of architecture.40 The effects of the new principles in architectural education, and the accent placed on organic design in architectural publications, were stimulating the modern transition in the city as exempli- fied by new public and private buildings designed with machine-age technique and the use of prefabricated materials.
Conservative Providence, however, was not yet ready to abandon its traditional styles altogether, as was apparent in ecclesiastical design. Saint Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church at 445 Elmwood Avenue (Jackson, Robertson and Adams, architects, 1939, 1949), is Gothic, with a stone gabled-facade, surmounted by a cross, and stone buttresses projecting from brick side walls. Mathewson Street Methodist Church (page 190) underwent interior alterations, starting in 1950, and the lower stories of the facade were reconstructed with Gothic motives executed in cast stone (Arland A. Dirlam of Boston, architect). A Roman- esque sanctuary and tower were added in 1951 to Washington Park Methodist Church (erected in 1915) at the corner of Alabama Avenue and Broad Street. In contrast with these buildings is the ultra-modern Temple Beth El on Orchard Avenue, succeeding the former Broad Street synagogue (page 211). The new building (Percival Goodman of New York, architect, 1951-54) constitutes a community center and includes a temple, a theatre and school facilities. The exterior walls are fabricated in a simple manner with yellow brick, limestone and glass, and the roof is flat except for an arched section over the temple (illustration, page 285).
39. The committee reported in June, 1957, a significant cleansing of the waters of Narragansett bay; a more complete purification was anticipated after completion of the Field's Point plant and the construction of a proposed sewerage system in Woonsocket.
40. The Division of Architecture, of which Professor Albert E. Simonson was appointed chairman in 1956, had added planning to its curriculum and was in active cooperation with the city plan commissions of Providence and Pawtucket, the Rhode Island Development Council and the Redevelopment Agency.
283
R.I.H.S.
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Market Square area, 1952, showing Providence County Court House (1933), and memorial parks as developed 1951.
1940- 1950
Among the new downtown buildings there are examples of both traditional and modern design. The Providence Washington Insurance Building (illustration, page 286) at 20 Washington Place11 (Perry, Shaw and Hepburn, architects, 1949) and the Firemen's Mutual Insurance Building at 150 South Main Street42 (Cram and Ferguson, architects, 1953), both have Classic motives and steeples. A Weybosset Street extension of the Providence National Bank Building (page 247), conforms to the Early Republican design of the Westminster Street facade (Howe and Church, architects, 1950). Modern design is reflected in the six-story marble and glass fronts of the Peoples Savings Bank43 at 145 Westminster Street and 70 Exchange Place (Cram and Ferguson, architects, 1948) and the W. T. Grant Department Store44 at 260 Westminster Street (Leland and Larson of Boston, architects, 1948).
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Temple Beth El, 1951-54, 70 Orchard Avenue.
An addition to the Providence Public Library (page 187) on Empire Street (Howe, Prout and Ekman, architects, 1950-54) has simple wall surfaces of limestone with marble trimmings, in contrast to the Renaissance motives of the main building, opened in 190045
41. By City Council resolution the section of Waterman Street, west of North Main, was re-named Washington Place upon completion of the building. The insurance company's former building at 20 Market Square (originally What Cheer Block, page 124), was demolished in 1956 to provide a parking lot for the School of Design.
42. Erected on the site of Infantry Hall (page 154).
43. The former bank building on Market Square (page 228) was sold to the School of Design and was still standing in 1957.
44. Erected on the site of Low's Opera House (page 160).
45. Clarence E. Sherman succeeded William E. Foster (page 187) as librarian in 1930 and was succeeded by his son, Stuart C. Sherman, in 1957. The addition terminated a series of attempts by the library corporation, during a span of 25 years, to provide additional facilities.
285
EAST SIDE, WEST SIDE
(page 187). A small Mount Pleasant Branch Library of modern design (Harkness and Geddes, architects) was erected on Academy Avenue in 1948-49, replacing Sprague House branch on Armington Avenue (page 252).
Quite a number of commercial buildings were built in neighborhood business areas during this period, including branches of banking institutions, insurance offices and shops. These buildings, with few exceptions, were of contemporary design. In the Elmwood section several large 19th century houses were razed for the business development and were replaced by the Industrial Trust Company branch at 582 Elmwood Avenue (Jackson, Robertson and Adams, architects, 1947), Rhode Island Co-op Store at 544 Elmwood Avenue (Chapman and Evans of New York, architects, 1948), United Public Market at 541 Elmwood Avenue (Samuel Lerner Associates, architects, 1949) and the Providence Institution for Savings branch at 520 Elmwood Avenue (Harkness and Geddes, architects,
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Providence Washington Insurance Building, 1949. The tower is flanked by the World War Memorial (1927) left, and First Baptist Steeple (1775), right.
1949, illustration, page 287). In the Wayland Square vicinity the business development, started in the thirties, was expanded with the erection of several one-story and two-story buildings, including the all-glass-front Gladding's Department Store branch (Philip D. Creer, architect) and the Colonial-type Providence National Bank branch (Henry Markoff, architect) on Angell Street; American Universal Insurance Building (Samuel Lerner Associ- ates, architects) and the Liberty Mutual Building (Philip Franklin Eddy, architect) on Wayland Avenue; and the Wayland Medical Building (Samuel Lerner Associates, archi- tects) at 225 Waterman Street. The modern architectural trend was conspicuous in new commercial buildings erected in other neighborhood centers including Olneyville Square, Federal Hill (Atwells Avenue), Mount Pleasant (Chalkstone Avenue), Smith Street (between Orms and Chalkstone), Washington Park (Broad Street), the Hope-Rochambeau area, and sections of Thayer Street.
286
1940- 1950
While industry retained a foothold in many areas of the city the general construction trend was toward the south end, where modern plants provided a striking contrast with the factories of the 19th century (pages 171-174).46
Private residential design in post-war years ranged all the way from Colonial traditions to modern flat-roof, glass-walled types. Most of the new dwellings were between those extremes, including the "bungalow" on small lots and the "ranch house" on larger ones. The garage usually was incorporated as part of the house as noted at 270 Laurel Avenue (Samuel Lerner, architect, 1949, illustration, page 288). The greatest concentration of house construction was on plats in sections of the northwest part of the city. New residential plats also were recorded in the Blackstone Boulevard area on the upper East Side, including a portion of the Butler Hospital estate (page 119) and sections of Swan Point Cemetery property on the west side of the boulevard.
During the decade of the 1940s Providence decreased slightly in population to 248,674 while the state increased substantially to 791,896, as revealed by the United States census of 1950. This trend had been foreseen by the City Plan Commission with the observation
Elmwood branch, Providence Institution for Savings, 1949, 520 Elmwood Avenue.
that "urban areas are changing in character from one thickly populated central city to a group of satellite cities around a central city."47
Providence was built up nearly to the limit of its 18.91 square miles, affording little room for an expanded population. The city was encircled by its satellite communities of Cranston, Johnston, North Providence, Pawtucket and East Providence whose aggregate area was four and one-half times that of Providence, with large extents of land awaiting development. Workers in Providence offices and factories were moving to the suburbs where large-scale house-building activities had been underway for some years, as reflected by the population increase in those towns.48
46. The southerly trend continued in the 1950s, particularly in the Allen's Avenue area.
47. City Plan Commission, Publication No. 1, 1945.
48. According to the U. S. census of 1950 Providence had decreased 2.3% since 1940 and its satellite communities had increased as follows: Pawtucket 7.1%, East Providence 11.3%, North Providence 13.5%, Cranston 17.1%, and Johnston 19.3%.
287
EAST SIDE, WEST SIDE
In 1950 Providence was entering a period of transition. Its civic growth was now programmed in accordance with a master plan that was destined to effect significant changes in the map of the city and its environs. Slum-clearance projects and large-scale housing operations already had improved the standards of living. Under the new zoning plan better facilities were afforded for an advantageous land use, new residential districts were emerging from areas of obsolescence, and business and industrial areas were becoming more clearly and logically defined.
The condemnation of private property for expressways, redevelopment projects and other public improvements, already under way throughout the city, was destined to eliminate not only hundreds of sub-standard buildings and dwellings but many landmarks of architectural and historic importance. The East Side, which had escaped a business invasion by reason of the steep hillside approach from downtown, was now being subjected to physical changes effected by Brown's expansion projects, involving the sacrifice of whole blocks of houses.
270 Laurel Avenue, 1949.
It was in the old section of the Neck, on which the proprietors' lots originally were located (page 10), that the greatest opportunity was offered for perpetuating the archi- tectural heritage and traditions of Providence. That area, about one-half of a square mile in extent, was rich in the relics of history. Physical traces of the early town were still preserved in the pattern of streets, many of which bore the names of early settlers. Historic spots were memorialized by monuments and markers.
The tangible links with the past were the many architectural survivals from the 18th and early 19th centuries, including three churches, a half-dozen school and college buildings, the Colony House, and over 200 dwellings. While some of the mansions of historic and architectural distinction were being maintained as museums, libraries and clubs, most of them continued as private residences. The old houses, as a rule, had been rehabilitated and were well-preserved. Only in the south and northwest borderline areas were evidences of deterioration and neglect, and even in those neighborhoods the intrinsic charm of the sturdy old dwellings reflected the atmosphere of bygone days.
288
1940-1950
The evidence of a city's past is an asset for its future. The preservation of the Colonial and Early Republican architecture of Old Providence, and the restoration and renewal of its neglected neighborhoods, would stimulate an appreciation of the city's venerable age and capitalize its heritage.
In 1956 the Providence Preservation Society was organized "for the encouragement of protecting, improving and making proper use of our historic sites and buildings." Following its incorporation the preparation of a plan was undertaken by the City Council, with the society's sponsorship and cooperation, for the rehabilitation of the Old Providence area with the ultimate purpose of preserving the best of the city's past glory and renewing its historic neighborhoods. Under another project the Council initiated a plan for downtown rehabilitation. Federal grants for both plans were provided under the Urban Renewal Administration.
A bright future was in the offing for Weybosset Side and the Neck, the former dedicated to a modern business development and the latter preserving a measure of its architectural and historic heritage.
R.I.H.S.
A section of Old Providence on John Street
289
INDEX
References to illustrations are in Italic type
Abbot, Col. Charles W., 186
American Woolen Co., 174
Amica Bldg. (orig. Banigan), 188
Ames, William, 195
Abbott Still House (c. 1830), 30, 32, 33, 41, 48 Aborn, B. & E., 61
Andrews, Dr. E. Benjamin, 193
Academy of Music (1860), 121
Andrews, Jacques & Rantoul, 188, 207
Ackerman, Frederick L., 257, 261, 283
Acote Hill, Chepachet, 114
Andrews, Rantoul & Jones, 244
Adam, Robert, 63
Andrews, Zephaniah, 48, 63
Angell, Abigail (Mrs. William Goddard), 41
Angell & Swift, 211 Angell, E. L., 1 50
Angell, John, 30, 41, 50
Angell, Nathan, 41, 61
Angell, Thomas, 3, 5, 11, 64
Angell, Thomas, 173
Annmary Brown Memorial (1907), 207
Anthony, Burrington, 114
Anthony, Daniel, map (1803), 70, 72; (1823), 89, 90
Anthony, E. L., 1 50
Anthony, Senator Henry B., 259
Antram, William, 30
Apartment houses, 230 Aplin, William, 109
Albee Stock Co., 203, 227
Aldred, Frederick W., 281
Aldrich, Anson K. & Alfred K., 137
Aldrich Building (1878), 155
Aldrich, H. L. and C. T., 243 Aldrich House, 166
Aldrich, Simeon, 61
Aldrich, William T., 242, 245, 253
Aldridge farm, 135
Allen, Lydia (Mrs. Sullivan Dorr), 76
Allen, Philip, 111, 171
Allen Print Works, 81, III, 171, 172 Allen, Zachariah, 46, 57, 61, 76, 87
Alms-house (1783), 35
American Band, 1 54
American biograph, 204
American Hellenic Educational Progressive Assn., 275 American House, 102 American Institute of Architects, R. I. Chapter, 138, 156, 234, 269, 270 American Screw Co., 171, 172, 173
Army Specialized Training program, 276 Arnold, Gov. Benedict, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12
Arnold, Bion J., 213, 217
Arnold Block (1855), 124, 215
Arnold, Christopher, 83
Arnold, James, tavern keeper (1717), 24 Arnold, James, 73
Abbott, Daniel, 11, 43, 61, 146
Abbott, Daniel, Jr., 26, 35
Ammidon's Inn (see Golden Ball Inn)
Andrews, Jones, Briscoe & Whitmore, 244, 252
Adams, Mrs. Frank M., 266
Adams, J. Howard, 231
Adams, Mrs. John, 55
Addeo, Alexander, inspector of buildings (1932-56), 262
Adelaide Park (baseball field), 204
African trade (1760), 37
Agriculture and Conservation, State Dept. of, 260 Air lines:
American Airways, Inc., 256
Eastern Air Lines, 277 Northeast Airways, 277 United Air Lines, 277 Wiggins Airways, 277
Albany, N. Y., 85
Appleton, Prof. John H., 182
Aquidneck Island, 6, 12, 19
Arcade (1828), 98, 99, 107
Arcade Realty Co., 98
Archer, John B., 242
Architectural periods: Early R. I., 8, 9, 16
Colonial, 21, 23, 30-33, 45-46
Early Republican, 63-67, 74-79, 99-100
Greek revival, 98-99, 107-112 Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance and French re- vival, 124-129, 137-141, 150-156 Classic and Colonial revival, 186-188, 205-211 Contemporary, 247-249, 265-266, 283-286
Arctic, 240 Arion Club, 154
Armory for Mounted Commands (1925), 245 Army Air Corps, 274
American Ship Windlass Co., 174 American Silk Spinning Co., 172 American Universal Insurance Bldg., 286
291
INDEX
Arnold, Gov. Lemuel H., 101 Arnold, Dr. Oliver H., 243 Arnold, Olney, 195 Arnold, Richard (saw mill, 1706), 19 Arnold, Richard J., 109 Arnold, Samuel G., 81
Arnold, Thomas, 172
Arnold, Welcome, 57, 59 Arnold, William, 3, 5, 7 Arsenal (1840), 111, 112
Ashland, 234
Atlantic DeLaine Co., 173
Atlantic Mills, 173
Attleboro, Mass., 4, 199 Atwater & Schubarth, 119 Atwell, Col., 198
Auburn, 1 56 Audubon Society of R. I., 222
Auto Sales Bldg., (1915), 140 Automobiles, 199, 217, 233, 273 Aviation, commercial, 256
Babcock, John, 174 Baby Roger, 184 Bajnotti, Carrie Mathilde Brown, 206 Bajnotti, Paul, 201, 203, 206 Baker, Albert A., 268
Baker, Reuben R., chief of police (1896-1902), 184 Balch, Joseph, 213 Ballou, B. A., 240 Ballou, Frank E., 266 Ballou, Mathurin, 5
Baltimore, Md., 85, 1 57
Banigan (Grosvenor, Amica) Bldg. (1896), 188, 189 Bank of North America Bldg. (c. 1855), 124
Banning & Thornton, 184 Banning, E. T., 203, 211 Barbour, Dr. Clarence A., 244, 264 Barbour, William, 173 Bare Ledge Quarry, Johnston, 98 Barges, 182 Barker & Turoff, 266, 277 Barker, Henry A., 219, 223, 247 Barnaby, J. B. Co., 188 Barrington, 199, 223
Barry, David J., 277 Barstow, Amos C., 173 Barstow Roller Skating Rink (c. 1879), 161
Barstow Stove Co., 173
Bartholdi, Auguste, 185 Baseball fields, professional, 161, 204 Battle of Lake Erie (1813), 81 Bauer, Harold, 155 Beacons, 52 Beecher, Henry Ward, 121 Beeckman, Gov. R. L. (1915-21), 212 Belcher, Horace G., 266
Bell, Alexander Graham, 1 59 Benedict pond, 36, 115, 118, 135 Benedict, William C., 242 Beneficent Congregational Society, 74; burial ground (1792), 60, 165 Benevolent Congregational Society, 67, 73
Bennett, Joseph, 39
Bennett, Samuel, 5
Benson, George, 57
Benson, John Howard, 268
Bernon, Gabriel, 25, 278
Bewitt, Hugh, 5, 9, 1I
Bicycles, 199
Billings Block, 166 Bishop, Nathan, supt. of schools (1839-51), 102, 103, 107 Bispham, David, 155
Bitting, Clarence R., 256
Blackstone Boulevard Realty Co., 253
Blackstone Canal (1828), 95
Blackstone river, 4, 95, 131, 135
Blackstone Valley Authority, 282
Blake, Prof. Eli Whitney, 159, 193
Blankenburg, Louise E., 222
Block Island, 123, 198, 199, 257, 274
Blue Cross Hospital Service Corp., 247
Bold Point, 175, 274
Boller, Alfred P., 163
Booth, Edwin, 121
Borden, Richard, 85
Boston, Mass., 1, 8, 43, 60, 85, 104, 105, 159 Boston Store, 97
Boston Symphony Orchestra, 154, 265, 279
Bosworth, Smith & Asa, 75
Bosworth, Welles, 243
Boundaries, Providence, 4, 29, 36, 42, 135, 148, 149, 184, 185, 222 Boundaries, Rhode Island, 12, 33, 131 Bowen, Col. Ephraim, 51
Bowen, Deputy Gov. Jabez, 48, 53, 54 Bowen, Oliver, tanyard, 61
Brick manufacture (1724), 28
Brick Schoolhouse (1767), 41, 43, 52, 62, 103 Bridges:
Acorn St. (1893), 181 Atwells Ave. (R. R. overpass, 1847), 115 Branch Ave. (R. R. overpass, c. 1920), 237 Burnside (1893), 181 Central (toll bridge, 1792), 58, 59, 72, 81, 83, 143
Charles St. (1894), 184 Crawford (1875), 145, 180; (1930), 240
Exchange (1848), 115, 145; (1895), 181 Francis St. (1891), 179
Gaspee St., 282 Great Bridge (see Weybosset Bridge) Hawkins St. (1892); 181
292
INDEX
Bridges (continued)
India (South toll bridge, 1792), 72, 81; (1816), 83, 85, 104, 143, 162 Manton Ave. (1897), 181 Manton Village (1890), 181 Mill (c. 1800), 72; (1900), 181
Moshassuck river (1662), 12; (1738), 30
Mount Hope (1929), 235 Muddy dock (1752), 35, 40
Park (Cove Promenade, 1848), 145
Pawtucket river (1711), 21, 33
Pawtuxet river (1711), 21
Point St. (1872), 145; (1907), 200; (1927), 237 Post Office (1904), 200
Promenade St. (1891), 179
Railroad (India Point, 1835), 104
Railroad (tunnel, 1908), 201
Randall (1803), 72
Red (1872), 145, 162, 179; (1895), 181
Reservoir Ave. (R. R. overpass, 1936), 262
Roger Williams Ave. (R. R. overpass, 1930), 237
Smithfield Ave. (R. R. overpass, c. 1920), 237 South toll bridge (India, 1792), 58-59
Stevens (c. 1800), 72; (1894), 181
Tar (1803), 72, 181 Town bridge, (see Weybosset Bridge) Washington (Cove St., 1828), 95, 145 Washington (Seekonk river, 1885), 163, 179; (1930), 237
Washington Row (1828), 95; (1895), 181
Weybosset (1660), 11; (1711, 1719), 21; (1744), 33; (1764), 39; (1792), 58, 72, 81, 83; (1816), 83, 95, 105; (1843), 107, 121, 145; (1898), 181 Work House (Smith St., 1803), 72 Bridgham, Mayor Samuel W. (1832-40), 100, 105 Bristol (inc. 1747), 33; 85, 114, 119, 123, 195, 199, 235, 282
Bristol County (inc. 1747), 33
Bristol, England, I
Bristol ferry, 235 British fleet (1776), 52 British tea burned (1775), 52
Bronsdon, Milton H., comm. of public works (1924- 27), 237
Brook St. District (1873), 146, 165
Brooklyn, Conn., 134, 162
Brooklyn Museum, 46 Brown, Abby (Mrs. John Francis), 63 Brown, Allen, 38 Brown & Benson, 58 Brown & Danforth, 89 Brown & Francis, 57 Brown & Ives, 57
Brown & Ives Block, 126
Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., 172, 173
Brown, Avis (Mrs. Nicholas Brown), 64 Brown, Benson & Ives, 57
Brown, Chad, 5, 6, 11, 29, 43 Brown, Daniel, 5
Brown, Gov. D. Russell (1892-95), 195
Brown, David & Son, 172 Brown, Hope (Mrs. T. P. Ives), 57, 64, 87
Brown, Captain James, 29, 37
Brown, Jane Frances, 249 Brown, John, 29, 37, 39, 43, 48, 50, 51, 52, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 105, 146, 276 Brown, John Carter, 64, 168, 206, 229
Brown, John Nicholas, 206, 229
Brown, John Nicholas (Jr.), 63, 256, 266, 268
Brown, Joseph, 29, 37, 45, 48, 50, 54, 57, 63
Brown, Moses, 29, 37, 48, 57, 59, 61, 64, 87
Brown, Nathaniel (ship builder), 21, 25
Brown, Nicholas, 29, 37, 48, 50, 54, 57, 59
Brown, Nicholas, Jr., 45, 57, 87, 109, 119
Brown, Nicholas & Co., 37, 45, 57
Brown, Obadiah, 29, 37, 38, 55, 61
Brown, Obadiah & Co., 37
Brown, Obadiah estate, 24I
Brown, Phineas, 42
Brown, Thomas, 137
Brown University (R. I. College, est. 1764), 43, 45, 52, 79, 87, 107, 109, 167, 168, 192, 193, 205, 206, 207, 212, 243, 244, 274, 275, 276 Administration Bldg., 1902 (Van Wickle Hall), 205, 265
Aldrich Field (1925), 243
Alumnæ Hall (Pembroke Coll., 1926), 244
Ames House, 276
Andrews Field (1899), 193, 199
Andrews Hall (Pembroke Coll., 1947), 276
Andrews House (Infirmary), 212
Arnold Biological Laboratory (1915), 243
Brown Library, 1878 (Robinson Hall), 168 "Brown Town" (1946), 275 Carrie Tower (1904), 206
Caswell Hall (1904), 205
Colgate Hoyt Swimming Pool (1903), 193
College Edifice, 1770 (University Hall), 43, 44
Engineering Building (1903), 205
Faculty Club, 140, 212
Faunce House (1929), 244
Flagstaff, 275 Football stadium (1928), 243 Gates, 205, 264
Hegeman Hall (1926), 243
Hope College (1822), 87, 88, 167
Housing & Development program (1946), 275 Jesse Metcalf Laboratory (1923), 243
John Carter Brown Library (1904), 204, 206
John Hay Library (1910), 205, 206
Latin School (1810), 79
Lincoln Field, 193, 205, 243
Littlefield Hall (1930), 234 Lyman Gymnasium (1891), 193
293
INDEX
Brown University (continued) Manning Hall (1834), 107, 108, 168 Marston Hall (1926), 234 Marvel Gymnasium (1927), 234 Metcalf Hall (Pembroke Coll., 1919), 244 Metcalf Research Laboratory (1938), 264 Miller Hall (Pembroke Coll., 1910), 206
Pembroke Hall (1897), 194 President's house (1770), 43; (1840), 109
Rhode Island Hall (1840), 109, 168
Rockefeller Hall (1904), 205, 244
Rogers Hall (1862), 168
Sayles Gymnasium (Pembroke Coll., 1907), 206
Sayles Hall (1881), 168
Sharpe Refectory (1951), 275 Slater Hall (1879), 168 Statues, memorials, etc., see Monuments University Hall (1770), 43, 44, 52, 53, 87, 88, 167, 264 Van Wickle Gates (1901), 205
War memorial (1921), 243
Whitehall (1946), 275 Wilson Hall (1891), 193 Wriston Quadrangle (1950-52), 276
Brown, William, 42
Brown, Zephaniah, 61
Browne, Rev. Arthur, 26
Browne, John, 5, II
Brownell Building, 247
Brush, Charles F., 1 59
Bryant & Stratton Business College (1863), 155, 276 Bryant College, 212, 276; Memorial Hall, 276 Bucklin, James C., 75, 98, 99, 107, 108, 110, 119, 134, 141, 155
Bucklin, Joseph, 39 Buena Vista apartments (c. 1913), 230
Builders & Traders Exchange, 234
Builders Iron Foundry, 131, 174
Building Board of Review, 234 Building laws, 155, 161, 234, 262
Bulfinch, Charles, 67
Bull, Ole, 121 Bull Garrison Site, South Kingstown, 260 Bullock's Point, 198 Bureau of Police & Fire (1935), 261, 278 Burgess cove, 219
Burial lots, 36 Burleigh, Mr. & Mrs. Sydney R., 100
Burlingame, Edwin A., 239
Burlingame, Luther D., 213
Burnside, Gen. Ambrose E., 131 Burnside Rifle Co., 131, 173
Burr, Ezekiel, 61
Burr, William, 61
Burrill Building, 204 Burrillville, 84 Burrows, William, 5
Buses, 240, 260, 276 Bus lines:
Greyhound Lines, 277 Interstate Bus Co., 277 New England Trans. Co., 276 Short Line, 277 United Electric Rys. Co., 240, 260
Bus Terminal (1942), 276, 277
Butler, Cyrus, 98, 119
Butler Exchange (1873), 149, 150, 159, 187, 216, 247
Butler Health Center, 119 Butler Hospital, 119, 191, 229, 259 Center House (1847), 119, 229
Entrance gates (1905), 229 Goddard House (1898), 191
Nurses Home (1912), 229
Sawyer Ward (1888), 191 Weld House (1900), 191
Butler, Samuel, 61
Buttonwoods, 156, 199
Butts Block, 252
Cable tramway, 162, 179
Cabot, John, I
Cady, George W., 150, 154
California Artificial Flower Co. Building (1939), 266, 267
Callender, McAuslan & Troup Co., 97
Calvé, Mme. Emma, 155 Camp Endicott, 273
Canada, 256
Canal boat Lady Carrington (1828), 95
Canal Market (1826), 96
Canning, John E., 239
Canonicus, 4
Canton, Mass., 104
Carey, Arthur Graham, 268
Carlone, Lucio E., 278, 28 1
Carnegie, Andrew, 206
Carpenter, Charles E., 123, 139
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