USA > South Carolina > A chapter in the early history of South Carolina > Part 9
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5 Querie. How the French Settlements on the River Missis- sippi may affect the people of Carolina whether they have seized the Fort of Pancicola belonging to ye Spaniards, and what can be done to prevent any hazard or inconveniences Carolina may be exposed to from those Settlements.
An. wer. Tis without dispute that the French are very strong there, by all accounts they are already not less then five or six thousand dghting men and more are dayly sent over from France with a designe to make a very considerable Settlement there, they have likewise a Fors at the Holbamas, a nation of Indiaus that we used to trade with, which lies within y" limits of the charter of this Gorerum' comanded by a Capt., Lieut, and Ensigo with 40 soldiers in the King of France's pay where they dayly encroch upon us and draw away our Indians. These great preparacons of setling the Missisipi cannot but very much alarm all y Continent of America, and especially Carolina, that lies soe near them for even in time of Peace they underhand incence ye Indians against us and incourage them to make in- roads upon us to the great damage and hasard of our utmost Settlements but if there should ever be a Warr between the Crowns of France and England this Province would fall an easy prey to them and very probably Virginia, New York, and other Plantations to which this Colony is a Frontier, would feel the efects of the French growing so powerfull in America. The
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EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
French have seized the fort of Pancicola and are now in pos- session thereof, they are not a little glad of having secured so good a Port or Haven near their intended Settlement; an officer that is now here sent to me with letters from Mons' Bienville, Govern' of Moville, about some French deserters, in- forms me that they are about makeing another Fort among our Indians above one hundred miles nearer to us and thus will keep encroaching upon us from time to time if not prevented. the manner of we" y" Lordships can best judge, it being out of our power to put any stop thereto.
What Trade is there in that Province, by exporta- 6 Queris. tion or importation, how, and in what particulars is the Trade thereof increased or decreased of late years, and what hath been ye reason of such Encrease or Decay.
The bulk of the Trade of this Province, is carried Answer. on from Great Britian, from whence come here, generally one year with the other, about sixty ships with sun- dry British and other Manufactories, which return thither directly loaden from hence, with some Deare Skins, Rice, Pitch and Tarr, dying Wood, &, as the Bounty Money granted by Act of Parliament of Great Britain, for the importing Pitch, Tarr. Masts and other Navell Stores, has been of great incour- agemen' to the Plantations in general, to export Navell Stores. so this Plantation in perticular, has surpassed all America besides, in supplying Great Britain, accordingly with great quantities of Pitch and Tarr. There have been exported in one year, by computation above fifty thousand barrells of both, which great exports of Navell Stores, not only have occasioned ya greater consumption of British Manufactories, but incouraged ye Merchants abroad, to import into this Province, great numbers of Negroe Slaves from Africa, and brought a great concourse of Ships to this Port, to load our bulky Commodities. Wee reckon we likewise load for sundry of the American Plantacions, about SO Vessells more, with rice, beef, pork, leather, boards, couur and other lumber, pitch and. Tarr. Whence wo import Bread, Flower, Bear, Cyder, Fish and other Provisions (,) from the Northern Plantacons (;) and Negro Slaves. Rum, Sugar, mollos- ses Cotton, &" from the Southern Plantarions. To this bounty money was chiefly atribute the cause of our Trades increasing very considerably, within theso ten years our Planters have-
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ing by means thereof. been so enriched as to purchase great nutabers of Negroes Slaves, the labour of which has incredibly increased the produce and manufacture of this Province, which being very bulker and cumbersome, as before menciond. requires a great number of ships to vary it off. Our Trade has within this Bor + years, met with some check, by reason of our Country Bills of Credit, which being stamped and declared current in all paym' and no fund for the payin' of them came almost to be of no value, to the manifest injury of those, who were obliged to receive them in satisfaction of debts contracted a long while before they were made. Severall considerable mer- chants in England, haveing thereby received a great prejudice have entirely dropt this Tradeto y deminishing thereof. Another cause why our Trade at present must decay, is, the little de- mand of our Navell Stores, viz: Pitch, Tarr and Turpintine in Great Britain, and if the bounty money should be taken of, or when y Aot is expired and not renewed, One third of the ship- ping that comes here, will be more than sufficient to export our produce, and severall who have greut numbers of Negroes, will hardly finde work to employ them ; wo making already yearly as much rive as we can finde well a vent for, amounting to about 14,000 Barrells, each containing about. 350lb neat. Our Tarr lies under a disreputacion of not being so good, as East Country Tarr, but am satisfied it is mostly owing to ye interest the East Country merchants have with ye Ropemakers, who being obliged to buy there hemp of them, will not lett them have it, without they will give them their price for their Tarr also, and oblige them to give it a good name and decry ours. Hemp grows here very well, but is not as yet propagated, for want of people, who understands y husbandry of it.
What number of Ships or other Vessels are there 7th Querie. belonging to the Province, where built, what num- ber of Sea fareing men, what manufactories are settled there. of any sorts whatsoever.
Answer. The number of Vessells belonging to this Port is not great, we reckon there may be about twenty, and they generally but small, as most proper for our American trade amongst our selves ; some built here, some in ye northern plan- tations, purshased by the Merchants here. Wee are come to no great matter of building here, for want of persons who under-
.
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take it, tho' no Country in the World is more plentifully sup- plyed with timber for that purpose, and well stored with convenient Rivers. As for seafareing men, few or none reside bere; they always belonging to the severall ships that come here. We reckon we may have in February and ye beginning of March, ye time yt the greatest number of ships are here, nere 500 seafareing men, but in ye sumer we have bat few Vessells in Port. Our chief Manufactories, or our Staple are Rice, Pitch and Tarr, wherewith our British Ships load home w" some skins. We formerly made considerable quantities of raw silk wel was esteemed in England better than that wea came from ye Streights, but the price of negroes daily eu- hancing, and work in general growing deare, we were forced to quit it to go upon ye other comodities, which we found to yield ye Planters more proffit ; if encouragement were given, very large quantities of very good might be made here for the fu- ture. We formerly made, likewise, good Indigo, but there has been none of this growth exported these severall years, being wholly laid aside, severall usefull manufacteries might be gon upon in this Province to good advantage, but our plaaters ap- plying themselves almost wholly to the making rice, pitch and tarr, they do not think thereof.
My Lords :
The foregoing queries have been in my hands 3 or 4 months, but y continuall alarms we have had and distractions amongst our People, which has at last ended in throwing of all obedience to Propy Govern' has prevented my making ye necessary en- quiries about them as soon as I otherwise should have done, w^^ I hope your Lorde will excuse. I send yo' Lordy an ac. count of a small Expedicon I sent out against the Spanish In- dians liveing under the protection of St. Augustine, who had just before surprised and killed 3 or 4 of our People and carried away as many Prisoners, as also ye esaminacion of a Spanish . Prisoner taken in that expedition.
I am with ye greatest submission and respect,
Your Lord"
Most faithful and Devoted humble servant, ROBT. JOHNSON.
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APPENDIX .- No. XIII.
[INCLOSURE.]
Proprieties B
An answer to the Queries sent by the Honby the
T. Vol. 10. 224. Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations re- State Paper Office. lating to the State of South Carolina.
To the first Query concerning the present state of Carolina : Answer.
South Carolina is seitnated in a most pleasant and agreeable climate and productive of whatsoever is necessary for the life of man, yet it is but thinly inhabited in proportion to the rest of his Majesty's Colonys on the Main Land of America. By reason it is the frontier of the British Empire on the said Main to the South and West, and exposed to the incur- sions of the French and Spaniards and barbarous Indian Sar- ages, but more especially because of the ill Polity of its Govern- ment under Proprietors who, by reason of their supine negli- gence and their disorderly and confused Administration of the publick affairs and their inhability to protect the inhabitants from the insults of their enemies, have put the same in the utmost confusion, sve that his Majesties subjects are neither safe in their lives, liberties or estates which not only prevents an increase of people to come to reinforce this frontier, but obleidges many daily to quit and desert the same, and there is noe means left to prevent this Colony from sinking into utter ruin bat his Majesties taking the same forthwith into his ime- diate Protection.
To the second Query concerning the Number of People and strength of Carolina, what Forts and Places of Defence are there, and in what condition are those Forts.
Answer. The number of white people are about nine thou- sand souls, and as all males from the age of sixten to sixty are obliged to appear in the Militia, that number does not exceed two thousand men, who are generally expert in the use of armes, excellent marksmen, and by their often engageing with Indians, Spaniards and French are become bold, active good - woodsmen, and enured to toil and labour, but the Settlement lying scatter' along the Sea Coast for one hundred and fity miles, makes it difficult and expensive to gett a number into a body upon any sudden invasion or incursion.
For the reasons given in the first answer, this number began
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to decrease till some stop was put thereto by the present mea- sures.
Charles Town is the only Town and Port in the Province whose Fortifications being much damaged by storms, and the great guns dismounted, and everything relateing to the preserva- tion of the Government wholy abandoned to negligence and confusion, and the Inhabitants finding themselves disappointed (by the Evil Ministry of the Proprietors ) of the several methods they had taken to restore those fortifications, were quite heart- less and were ready sooner to quit the Province than be at any more expenso about the defence of it, had they not been elevated and spirited by the late efforts male to have the Gov- erum' in his Maju bands. Upon which they, with heart and band, are repairing the fortifications of Charles Town, and will have sixty-five guns mounted upon the same, and all without the contribution of one penny by the Proprietors.
They are now alsoe repairing a small Fort built to command the entrance of the Harbour of Charles Town mounted with twenty two guns and by the royal bounty of his Majesty King George Our Magazine of Arms and Amunition is in good condi- tion.
Besides these Fortifications the Inhabitants have built a small Fort at Port Royal which has about twelve guns mounted thereon to restrain the incursions of the Spanish Garrison of St. Augustine and their Indians, having about thirty men in constant pay to guard the same. There are alsoo two small Forts built of Wood at about one hundred and forty miles back in the main land, each haveing fifteen men to guard them, serr- ing to protect those that trade with the Indians and prevent their comeing into the Settlement. All which is altogether done at the charge of the Inhabitants who by these exponces and the debts contracted by the late bloody Indian Warr and the several expeditions against the Pirates and the alarms caused by Incursions from St. Augustine, has brought a heavy debt npon the Inhabitants who have now lost all publick credit by the arbitrary methods taken lately by the Proprietors of abrogating and repealing the Acts and Laws they had made for discharging those debts only out of a view of serving the pri- vate ends of some of their creatures here, soo that without the impartial aud stedy influence of his Majesty's more immediate
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Government and Protection, this Colony. as before is mentioned, will be lost to the British Empire, to the indangering Virginia and the cther Northern Colonys.
To the third Query relating to the strength and number of the Indians in the neighborhood of Carolina, and of their inchi- nations for us, or the French or Spaniards.
The Indians may be divided into three parts. First, the Indians to the Northward, between this Colony An-wer. and Virginia, are about two thousand eight hun- dred souls, of which number there is about one thousand men. These are entirely in the English interests, and by their scitua- tion will be soe as long as Carolina is a Barrier between them and the Incroachments of the French. The second division may be reckoned the Mountain Indians, called Cherokees, whose number is about eleven thousand five hundred souis. including about three thousand eight hundred men. These, at present, are entirely in the English interest, but God only knows how long they will continue soe, for the ineroaching Freuch (with whom they now are at Warr) leaves no stone unturned to get them over to them, which puts us to vast charges in making presents to their Chiefs; Lat if the French should at last prevail with them, this Colony will be reduced to the last extremity. Thirdly, may be accounted the Indians that the French have intirely brought over to their party and trade, who were subject to this Province until the year 1715, who were accounted at that time to be near ten thousand souls. of which number there was reckoned about three thousand men. They are now at peace with this Settlement, but as the French have secured their interest among them by building Forts and placeing Garrisons, and carry on their Trade by water carriage to their Towns, it is past dispute that upon a Warr with France they will joyn with them to make an Entire Conquest of this Province, and the chiefest reason that they are now at peace with this Settlement proceeds from the Warr that is between them and the Cherokees. To these may be added about three or four hundred Indians of the most desperate Murderers in the late Indian Warr ; that are harboured at St. Augustine and inci- ted and armed by the Spaniards to commit depredations and murders on the Frontiers of our Settlement.
To the Fourth Query concerning St. Augustine, and what
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EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
advantage night it be to the Government of Carolina to have this place taken from the Spaniards, anexed, and by what means this might be most easily accomplished.
St. Augustine is the only Spanish Town in Florida, and about one hundred and fifty miles from the Frontiers of Answer. Port Royal, all the land between being deserted and entirely uninhabited. It is a garrison containing three hundred sory soldiers, being mostly banditti and undisciplined. They have no plantations but what belong to four or five Indian villages in its neighborhood, and consequently no trade but what is occasioned by the expense of the Garrison and with the Indians, except lately they make some pitch and tarr with the help of the Negro Slaves plandered by the Indians from our frontier settlements. It is, however, a pleasant country, and capable, if in English hands, of very great improvements. There are about two hundred honses in the Town, which is un- fortified. but there is a fine fort, being a quadrangle, on whose Fastions are near fifty pieces of Cannon mounted, but being small there is no place for Cannon on the Curtains. It is built of stone, and has a monut or ditch round it, whereinto they can lott the Sea at high rater, and does not exceed five hundred feet square from the point of one Bastion to the point of an- Other, and less than one hundred feet square in the inside, aad about twenty-eight feet high, so the Canon cannot command the ground when an enemy is entrenched within fifty or sixty paces of the same.
In the year 1702 this Settlement fitted out 500 men to take possession of that town, under the command of Col. James Moore, who soon possessed themselves of the Town and Coun- try adjacent and kept possession of the same seven weeks, but haveing no pieces for battery, nor mortars or bombs, could not take the Castle, but thought to starve the Spaniards, but there came two Men-of-Warr and two Transports from the Havana, with relief, which obliged him to retire to this Province. Soit is certain that two-fifth rates with a Bomb ketch and Ingeniers. and two hundred regular troops, with the assistance that this Provicce won'd readily lend to such an Enterprise, would easily take that Castle, which, being small, would have one thousand or twelve hundred souls crowded in the same, of men, women and children, as well Indians as Spaniards, and could
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not hold out after a few Bombs were thrown into the same. The Spaniards keep this place, as they say. to preserve the pos -. session of Fiorida, to protect their Missionaries among the In- dians, and that they may relieve from thence the Gallions and other rich Ships that often happen to be cast away or in dis- tress coming thro' the Gulf of Florida. It would be of great ad- vantage, not only to this Province, but to the rest of the English Empire in America, to havo St. Augustine taken from the Spaniards. for it would make a notable Barrier to his May Dominions upon the Main ; it would be a place of refuge and re- lief to his Mass Subjects that are in distress or cast away come. ing thro the Gulf of Florida, and are now always murdered and eaten by the Savages living on the Coasts of that Country. It wou'd put an end to the distresses this Settlement lies under by the depredations of the Indians, abetted and incouraged by the Spaniards of that place, who also harbour Rebels, Felons. Debtors, Servants and Slaves that escape thither from this Set- tlement, who are obliged. even in time of peace, to keep a con- stant guard and scout boats to secure our froutiers and repulse the enemy.
It wou'd very much inlarge the Indian Trade, which takes off a considerable quantity of English Wollen and other manufac- tures, and wou'd canse the Indians, now in obedience to us, to be less insolent and more obedient to our Government, whom we are now obliged to caress, lest they should revolt to the Spaniards there.
To the Fifth Query. How the French Settlements on the River Missassippi may affect the people of Carolina, whether they have seized the fort of Pansacola, belonging to the Spas- iards, and what can be done to prevent any hazzard or incon- veniency Carolina may be exposed to from that Settlement.
The Settlements the French are now making in Answer. Louisiana are of the last consequence to the safety not only of Carolina, but to Virginia, for the Rivers upon which "they are making these Settlements rises near our Settlements; and even within the hills from whence the Virginia Rivers Spring. The first Fortification the French built was at Mobile, about three hundred and sixty miles from our Frontiers, which was in the year 1700. This Province having long before that discovered and traded with the Indians adjacent untill then, it
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EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
being within the limitts of the charter granted to the Proprio- tors, they made no further attempts untill the year 1715, when the caused the Albama Indians to murder our Traders settled above thirty years among them, and plundered our Factory, upon which they immediately erected a Fort and placed Soldiers there, and new named the place Now Thoulouse, which is within two hundred and fifty miles of our frontier, upon which we lost the Trade of the Chickesaws, Albamas, Taliboosee and · Abicaws, and other nations, of whose trade we were possessed of for above thirty years, and they were intirely subject to the English nation, and their Chiefs for that time paid tribute and received their Commissions from this Governi' so that the English nation thereby losos the vending of at least six thou-
Sixty was fr.č sand pound sterling, prime cost, in cloath and other
goods yearly. The French not content with this
tried to be Incroachment, in the year 1717 built a Fort at the sorat hed out mouth of Chatahoochee River, which is navigable untill it comes within less than one hundred miles of our Frontier, which had this ill effect, that the Ochesee nation have withdrawn their dependence upon the English, and though they suffer the English to trade with them, Set the French does the same alsoe. and having water carri- age to them, makes the Indians intollerably insolent, and our trade precarious ; and there is great reason to believe, that in a Warr they would joyn the French against us, having already s quarrol with us. Bat in the Year 171S, the French quitted that last mentioned Fort, because the Spanish Fort of Pensacola, lay between the same and the rest of their usurpations, upon which, the Spaniards took posession of the same, and erected a fort there. But in the year 1719, the French took Pensacola from the Spaniards, whereby, they are become Masters of our Excellent harbor, for Men of Warr ; which, untill then, they were destitute of, the whole Coast being shallow for several hundred lea- gues to the westward of the same. And that same year, 1719, they imported above four thousand into these parts, and are building their Capital City near the mouth of the River Missassipi name- ing the same New Orleans, which is four hundred and eighty miles from our Frontiers, They are now preparing to repos- sess themselves of Chatachoochee River (called by the Span- iards the Apalachicola River) and make a strong settlement
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EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
there, and as their Emisarys have been viewing the coast be- tween this Settlement and St. Aagostino io putts us into a terri- ble consternation, and they are so sensible of our weakness, being left abandoned, void of Royal Protection, that they are not ashamed to give out among the Indians that they will take a time to drive us into the Sea, and not loare an English man upon the Main. Their prodigious and swift proceedings and powering such numbers of indigent needy soldiers into those Lands, and who haveing no Plantations nor anything of their own are greedily expecting a conjuncture to have the plunder- ing of our Flourishing Settlement, wherein is about twelve thousand Negro Slaves, and the Inhabitants finding noe remedy from the many Representations made to the Lords Proprietors to take some measures to put a stop to these Incroachments, who never thought it worth their while so much as to give an answer to the same, that all those that are able were making preparations to remove to places of safety, untill, to prevent the ruin of the Province and preserve soe good a Country to the British Dominion, they resolved to throw off the Yoak of the Propre and assume the Governm' in his Matr's name, that being more immediately under the influence of the Royal Governm' we may become sbarers of the safety and protection enjoyed by the rest of his happy subjects.
And as there is no other remedy left to prevent the impend- ing ruin of this Settlement from the French whenever they please to put their designs in execution, but his Males powerful protection and assistance, soe it is most undoubtedly true that if this Settlement be by any interest of the Proprietors longer deprived of the same, that the Inhabitants under such circum- stances will sooner dray off their Estates and families to places of safety than any longer contribute to preserve them, seeing that after all that they can doe it will not be in their power,
To the Sixth Query, What trade is there in that Province, by exportation ; how and in what particulars is the trade thereof increased or decreased of late years, and what bath been the reasons of such Increase or Decay.
As for the Trade the Province is in a very flourishing condi- tion in all its Branches, (except what relates to the Answer. Indian Trade, which is above half. lost to the French, Tho' the chief exportation consists in rico, pitch, tarr,
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and turpentine, skins, great store of timber and masts for ship- ping, ami other pacal stores, and great plenty of black cattle and boggs for provisions, and the soil is likewise very fit and apt for the production of Hemp, Flax, Indigo. Cotton, and more especially -ilk, and only wants persons of skill for the manufac- tury thereof. This, together with the returns made in bullion that we receive in return for the provisions we transport to the West India Islands, goes all to Great Britain to the value of' about eighty thousand pounds sterling pr ann., and near two hundred sail of all sorts are freighted here in a year, but still wanting other manufactures. We receive Cloathing, Furniture, Irou Ware, and every other thing that is necessary for the con- veniency of the life of man from Great Britain, whose Merchants are the only Traders with us, and by yearly supplying us with near one thousand negroes encreases our export by the many more Lands sett at work. Soe it is more apparent that if we were under the steady and regular Government of his Maj" and thereby entituled to the more immediate protection of his Royal authority, that we might be secured thereby from the threat- nings of our powerful Neighbours, the Spaniards, and the in- croachments of the french, and we should in a few years become as considerable to the Crown of Great Britain as any Plantation in America, which otherwise must be lost to the same.
To the Seventh Query, What Number of Ships or other Vessels are there belonging to the Province, where built, and what number of seafaring men, what manufactures are settled there, of any sorts whatsoever.
Answer. The Trade being in a manner carryed on by the British Merchants, there are not above twenty small Vessels belonging to the Traders here, which mostly were built here. As also the London merchants send and build vessels here. Soe the number of Seafaring men are very few; and being altogether supplyed with necessaryes from Great Britain, there. is noe manuer of Manufactures settled here, but what is men- tioned as above. But to illustrate this Branch of Trade more particularly, We send an abstract taken from the Collector's Books relating to the same.
To the Eighth Query, Whether there be any Mines, and of That sorts.
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EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
Answer. We know of none certain, except Iron Mines, which the Proprietors having the royalty of, discourages any attempts of opening; and if they were compounded with for their Royalties in the same, Yet no body would be at the charge of such a Work in a place of no real security and so lyable to the incursion of Enemies. But the case would be much bettered under his May Govenm'. But we have been frequently told that in the mountainous parts of the Colony there are mine- of Gold, Silver, Copper and several other Oars, tho' we doe not take upon us to affirm the same of our own knowledge.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE EXPORT OF SOUTH CAROLINA TAKEN FROM THE COLLECTOR'S BOOKS FOR YE YEARS 1717-18 TO 1718-19, AND FROM 1718-19 TO 1719-20.
EXPORTED FROM THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH CAROLINA FROM JANY 1717-18 TO JANY 1718-19, VIZ :
To Great Britain six thousand seven hundred and seventy three Barrels of Rice, eighteen thousand four hundred and four- teen Barrels of Pitch, Twenty seven thousand six hundred and sixty Barrels of Tarr and forty three Chest- of Door Skins, Besides Logwood, Braziletta, Hogsh* and Pipe States, Cedar plank, Pine Planks, Boards, &c.
To the several Plantations. Two thousand three hundred and thirty three Barrels of Rice, Four thousand one hundred and eighty seven Barrels of Pitch, and five thousand six hundred and seventy seven Barrels of Tarr, besides Masts. Booms, Bow- sprits, Barrels of Beef, Porke, Butter, Candles, Soap, Tallow, Deer Skins, Tan'd Leather, Raw-hides, Corn, Pease, Cedar- plank and pine-plank, Hoops, Staves, Oars, Shingles, &c.
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EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
EXFORTED FROM THE SAID PROVINCE FROM JANY 1718-19 TO JANI 1719-20, VIZ :
To Great Britain nine thousand one hundred and fifteen Bar- rels of Rice, Twelve thousand four hundred and seventy five Barrels of Pitch, Fifteen thousand and fifty two Barrels of Tarr and eighty Chests of Deer Skins, besides Logwood, Braziletta, Hogshe and Pipe Staves, Cedar and Pine Planks, Boards, d.C.
To the Plantations, Three thousand nine hundred and ifty three Barrels of Pitch, and six thousand two hundred and sev- enty three Barrels of Tarr, besides Musts. Booms, Bowsprits, Barrels of Beefe. Porke Butter, Caudles, Soap, Tallow, Deer Skins, Tan'd leather, Raw-hides, Corp, Pease, Cedar-plans and Pine-plank, Staves, Hoops, Boards, Shingles, Oars, &c.
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