USA > Tennessee > Hamilton County > Chattanooga > Views: Chattanooga, Chickamauga national park, Look-out Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Orchard Knob national cemetery, Tennessee River, Walden's Ridge > Part 1
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CHATTANOOGA
CHICKAMAUGA NATIONAL PARK LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN MISSIONARY RIDGE ORCHARD KNOB NATIONAL CEMETERY TENNESSEE RIVER WALDENS. RIDGE
OCT * ***
1800
Class
F444
Book
Copyright Nº
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT
F 4.4 9%. C1-63
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CT, 21 1995 Sep 30. 1905
ia
128709
Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1905 By MacGowan-Cooke Printing Company, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington
INFORMATION
Fifty-five illustrations follow: Descriptive matter appropriate to each illustration will be found on the reverse of each sheet.
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I łowa - Mission Ridge
2. New Jersey - Orchard Knob
3 Tennessee - Chickamauga
4. 0h10 - Mission Ridge 5 South Carolina- Chickamauga
TRIBUTES IN BRONZE AND STONE.
CHICKAMAUGA, ORCHARD KNOB AND MISSIONARY RIDGE
MONUMENTS.
The central monument of this group, reproduced on a larger scale than those which surround it, is by Tennessee to her Confederate cavalry, stand. ing near Cloud Springs, on the Chickamauga battlefield. Tennesee, though so creditably represented in both armies, had no Union troops but cavalry at Chickamanga, though all three branches of the service were found in Bragg's army. Consequently four moments were erected of the same size and style of stone. each crowned with a soblier in bronze, one each to the Confederate infantry, cavalry and artillery and to the Union cavalry.
The South Carolina monument with bronze infantrymin at one side and artilleryman at the other stands at the north end of the Dyr Field, Chicka- manga, on a spor of Snodgrass Hill. 'The leaves of a bronze palmetto tree originally crowning it did not stand the high woods and it was replaced by the shaft now torming the upper part of the monument
The monument numbered 2. capped to a standard bearer in stone. is erected In New Jersey at Orchard Knob, whose hot and important battle is overshadowed In the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge on the two days following, but the monument does not eu morate any lighting at that point.
The towa monument opposite. likewise surmounted In a time in stone. holding the flag. is at the northern end of Missionary Ridge, in the Sherman Reservation. This part of the battlefield is less easily accessible and les familiar than the scene of the charge by Thomas' troops, but it was hard fighting. Sherman meeting determined resistance from Cleburne. The monument stands on ground held by Corse's Brigade, to which it was driven back after an unsuccessful assault on Cleburne's works, Corse being wound ed and carried from the lich.
The Ohio monument below marks a point farther south of Missionary Ridge and abont tive eighths of a mile northerly from Bragg's headquarter -. part of the ground where Hagen's Brigade of Wood's Division reached the erist. The four statues are of stone. The easterly fare show- a young infantry soldier leaning and looking forward, northward gazes a stalwart trooper, an artilleryand looks to the south, while facing westerly, not shown in the pietie, a mitormed Ind with the bright face of childhood upturned is beating his drum.
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GEN. HENRY V. BOYNTON (DECEASED)
GENERAL HENRY VAN NESS BOYNTON.
The name which comes most readily to mind at thought of the Chicka- manga and Chattanooga National Military Park is that of the lamented Boynton.
He drew the bill, and was for many years up to his death, first as his- torian, and later as president of the commission, aatively identified with this great work.
A clergyman's son, born 22 July, 1835, at West Stockbridge, Mass., the family moving later to Ohio, he graduated at nineteen at Woodward Col- lege. Cincinnati, and four years later at Kentucky Military Institute, be- comming a member of the faculty. His war record, in which were included Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, brought him the brevet of brigadier and the congressional medal of honor. but brought also wounds which ransed his mustering out in 1864.
He served a year as war correspondent and more than twenty-seven years as Washington correspondent. He was a brigadier general in our war with Spain and for a time in command of Camp Thomas, Chickamauga, He belonged to the Sons of the American Revolution and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and to the Gridiron Club, and was President uf the Society of the Army of the Cumberland and of the Board of Educa- tion of the District of Columbia. He was a communicant of the New Yik Avenue Presbyterian Church of Washington. Among his published works was that volume so important to a student at the history that led to the making of the Park, bearing the title of The National Military Park Chickamauga-Chattanooga. An Historical Guide.
Gen. Boynton's high character, the charm of his kindly personality, and a realization of the great benefits the city had derived from the Park com- bined to make him greatly beloved in Chattanooga. A jewelled sword was presented to him, a park on Cameron Hill was given his name. and his death at Atlantic City, 3 June, 1905, gave a sense of personal lass such as would have been caused by that of but few of our own citizens. Chatta- nooga's offer to give him a grave was not accepted. his remains being laid to rest with much honor at Arlington, but a movement is now under way to ervet in this city a lifting memorial to testify to the gratitude and esteem of our people. But his great monument is the noble Park which through centuries to come will tell the story of American bravery and patriotism.
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VIEW FROM SIGNAL POINT, WALDEN'S RIDGE.
FROM SIGNAL POINT-WALDEN'S RIDGE.
This beautiful view, one of the very first which Chatta toga's surroundings can boast, is from Signal Point, on the brow of Walden's Ridge, where the Union army had a signal station. one of the by which messages were sent when it was sa strailly shut up in chattanooga after the battle of Chickamanga.
The scene is from the rock at the Point, looking somewhat vast of south. On either side of the pine in the foreground. which like Clm Mpine's bannered emblem :
Voor'd in the rifted rock. Proof to the tempest's shock."
may be seen the Timeser River and Williams Iland. At the right of the picture is Raccoon Mountain, which here guards ulle side of the Tennessee, while the brother mo 1111 Walden's Ridge watches the other.
Beyond Raccoon are seen, dimmed by distance, the point and stoje ot Lookout Montiin Chattanooga, too, lies in the dis I'm Landscape, with Missionary Ridge beyond.
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MOCCASIN BEND FROM POINT PARK.
PANORAMA FROM LOOKOUT POINT.
Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga's beautiful sentinel. wear- her brow of rock some fourteen hundred feet above the Tennessee which laves her sandals. The northern end of the summit, which we call Lookout Point, is not the highest part of the long moun- tain, but from it is seen a landscape which for scope and hoveli- ness may waken the most jaded traveler, and perhaps nowhere in all our broad land can the eye rest on such wide reach of beauti ful serpeny embracing so much of such keen historie interest to the American patriot.
Not merely from Lockout Point, but from other parts of the mountain top do beautiful and interesting view - greet the eve. and many are the tributes of delighted visitors.
General Grant during the war: and later Jefferson Davis; George Bancroft, the venerable historian. when tar past the age of Your score: Henry M. Stanley, who had seen so much never before witnessed by eye of white man, unless that of Livingstone; Prince Henry, brother of the German Kaiser, and President Roosp. velt. have been among those who in the past have visited the light- to which so many are to come in the future.
The famous view point to which travelers are taken is the final erag known as Point Rock. The lamented General Boynton wrote:
Point- in seven states are within the range of vision when the day is absolutely clear. Large areas of Alabama, Grorgia. and Tennessee are close at hand. The mountains of South Cam- lina aml North Carolina can be seen in ordinary conditions of the atmosphere, and on exceptionally clear days the eye reaches northwand across Tennessee to the mountain- about ( umberland Gap in Kentucky and Vnginia."
This picture is taken from near Point Rock. In the field of what is styled the "Battle above the Clouds" is seen at the right an lowa monument : to the left. further up the slope, one of New York: between them, to the right of heavy foliage. may I disseined part of the historic ( ravens House, largely rebuilt since the battle. Below lie the famous Moccasin Bend and other windings of the beautiful Tennessee; at the right. Chattanooga ; at the left beyond the heel of the moccasin and past the storing Brown's Fmuy is Williams Island: in the distance pail ot that- tanooga's splendid background of mountain -.
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1. First Baptist Church. 2. Second Presbyterian Church. 3 St. Peters& St Pauls Catholic Church 4 St Pauls Episcopal Church
HOL SES OF WORSHIP.
CHATTANOOGA'S CHURCHES.
Chattanooga is a city abounding in Churches and in church buildings, and in two of the views of this series are shown some of the edifices devoted to Divine worship.
The two churches at the left of the picture, numbered 2 and 4. stand on diagonally opposite corners of West Seventh and Pine streets, being respectively the Second Presbyterian Church on the southeast and St. Paul's ( Episcopal Church of the northwest corner. No. 3 at the right is Sts. Peter and Paul's Church Catholie) on the south side of East Eighth street not far from Georgia avenue, and very close to where now stands the Carnegie Library building. In the upper right hand corner of the picture is the First Baptist Church, on northeast corner of Georgia ave nue and Oak, opposite the Court-House grounds.
Even our own people might be surprised on looking at the diree. tory and a Sunday morning newspaper issue, to see the great number of religions organizations existing in Chattanooga and it- suburbs, including Adventist. Baptist, Catholic, Christian. Christian Catholic. Christian Scientist. Congregational. ( umber- land Presbyterian, Episcopal. German Lutheran, Jewish. Metho- dist. Methodist (South). Millenial Dawn, Presbyterian. Reforma Spiritualist, Undenominational (embracing the Five Points Mis- sion, the Lewis Mission and the Salvation Army, and Unitarian. A number of these have several places of worship rach. A con- Siderable number of the congregations are of colored people. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, better known as Mormons, has here the headquarters of its Southern States Mi- sion, and though maintaining no house of worship, yet holds meeting- weekly at headquarters.
The large number of our city's religious bodies is due in some mirasure to our cosmopolitan population, gathered from so many different regions. The liberal and kindly spirit which animate- the members of these different lodies in their intercourse with each other does credit to the cause of religion and adds to the charm of life in our city.
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1. Jewish Synagogue 2.First M E.Church 3 Centenary Methodist 4 Cumberland Presbyterian
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HOUSES OF WORSHIP,
HOUSES OF WORSHIP IN CHATTANOOGA.
In this and another picture of this series are given views of some of the places of public worship of God in Chattanooga.
The synagogue known as Mizpah Temple, marked I in the picture, and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. marked 4. both front on the north side of Oak street, with Lindsay street between them, the former standing on the northeast and the latter on the northwest rorner. The Jews have two distinct congrega- tions, the "Mizpah" of the Reformed Jewish Church, and the other the Orthodox congregation worshipping at Tual Zion Synagogue ou Carter street.
The other building at the left is the First Methodist (sometimes called the "Stone") Church, at the southeast corner of Metallic and Georgia avenues, fronting on Metallic.
On the right the one numbered 3 is the Centenary Methodist Church (South), standing on the northeast corner of East Eighth street (right ) and A street (left i.
In the sketch accompanying the other group of church build- ing- is given some idea of the number of organization of ditfer- ont religious bodies in and near Chattanooga. The cordial good ferling among the congregations and their spiritual head- in our city is must gratifying and calculated to much relieve the sacred cause of religion from the reproach of bitterness or bigotry. This good feeling is not merely among Protestants. bout between Pro- testant and Catholic, Christian and non-Christian.
The people of Chattanooga have no quarrel with those who do not share their views, and they find variance of belief, religion- ur political, entirely consistent with mutual respect and good- will.
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GOVERNMENT BOULEVARD MISSIONARY RIDGE.
MISSIONARY RIDGE, LOOKING SOUTHWARD.
The battle of Missionary Ridge might not inappropriately be called three battles, Sherman striking at the north end. Hooker attacking far to the south, and between the two the assault by the troops under Thomas, which brought on whu i- generally thought of as the battle by those not having a thorough acquaintance with the event- of that memorable Wednesday, 25 November, 1803.
This picture is taken from beyond De Long's Point, looking southward, with a portion of the Missionary Ridge Boulevard in the foreground at the left, and embraces the scenes of the whole of the assault by the Army of the Cumberland, under Thomas. Grant being in command of all the Union forces,
Prominent against the sky line towards the left of the picture is the observation tower called the Bird Town, at De Long's Point. De Long's Point is seen from the south side in another view of this series.
It is rare that in a battle of such size the field of operations and movements of troops are so much nuder the oves of the comm manders on both sides. In this respect Missionary Ridge is in striking contrast to Chickamauga, where men fought largely in the woods, and often did not see their enemies till dose at hand.
The advantage gained by the Confederates at Chickamauga was lost at Missionary Ridge, which battle was followed by Bragg's retreat into Georgia.
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PHIE KENTUCKY MONUMENT -- CHICKAMAUGAA PARK.
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KENTUCKY MONUMENT -CHICKAMAUGA.
Kentucky, a border State, and with people much divided in sympathy in the Civil War, contributed gallant want to cach irmy, and this monument is to the Blue and the Gray, the only Fre in the Park where both have been honored on the same monument except on the one created by Maryland at Orchard Knob. Missouri and Tennessee have separate monuments.
The view point is from the La Fayette Road, looking south easterly towards the monument, which faces north. On rach side the name of the State is graven in the stone, in bronze is on the Past face a list of the Union and on the west face of the Confdderate. organizations from Kentucky ingaged, and on the south face the seal of the State, with its motto, UNITED WE STAND, DIVIDED WE FALL.
On the north face fronti is inserilad :
ERECTED BY TTHE STATE OF KENTUCKY IN MEMORY OF HER SONS WHO FOUGHT AND FELL ON THIS FIELD.
And then, enclosed in quotation marks, the following beautiful and patriotie wornis:
"AS WE ARE UNITED IN LIFE. AND THEY UNITED IN DLATIL.
LIT ONE MONUMENT PERPETUATE THEIR DEEDS, AND ONL PEOPLE, FORGETFUL OF ALL ASPERITIES. FOREVER HOLD IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE ALL THE SHARES OF THAT TERRIBLE CONFLICT MUNICH MADE U.L. MEN FREE AND RETAINED EVERY STAR ON THE NATION'S FLA .. "
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A SECOND VIEW OF MARKET STREET.
MARKET STREET FROM SOUTH OF NINTH.
Our series gives two views of Market, Chattanooga's principal business street, both looking northward, one from between Eighth and Ninth. the other, the one on the reverse, with a view-point a little south of Ninth, and with a ridge beyond the Tennessee in the background.
Ninth street toni some years after the war might ahost have been considered as practically the southern boundary of business Chattanooga. The Union Depot stood on its south side, but nearly everything in the way of mercantile life lay between Ninth and the river. John C. Stanton's attempt to stretch the city out to the region of the Stanton Tonse and the Alabama & Chattanooga. later Alabama Great Southern Railroad, was largely a failure. or. rather, premature. The financial collapse of his railroad left that part of the city so identified with his name, in bad cou- dition. For a long distance, where now stands the Government Building and where fine private buildings ate going up. was largely waste land. Many of our citizens can remember the period in the seventies when the Post Office. located near where now stands the Central Depot, was so inconvenient of access that there were private post-oflives in the stores of Pattern & Payne and Gledhill & Cady, where receptacles were kept for the deposit of mail matter, and where boxes for mail received could be rented. those firms carrying out to the Post Office the matter left with them and bringing in the mail for renters of their boxes.
The opening to Chattanooga of the Cincinnati Southern Rail- way in 1880 may perhaps be considered as the one thing more than any other to give the city a strong forward impulse and load it out of the town into the city class. This great road (planned so long ago to give the Queen City access to the South and the sea, though not originally expected to come to Chattanooga ). reaching here the system of railroads already in operation and which have since then been added to, has been a material factor m giving the city its prosent important position as a great railroad and manufacturing center, sending its products far and wide over our own land, and beyond seats.
Breaking over the Ninth street line has been part of the work of getting out of our boyhood clothes and donning the manhood garments in which so much good work has been and is being
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"OAK - A RESIDENCE STREET IN CHATTANOOGA.
OAK STREET WEST FROM DOUGLAS.
This shady vista in one of the residence portions of Chattanooga shows Oak street, west from Douglas towards the heart of the city.
Much of what is now built over in our city was in woods before the war. Camps are sad enemies to the monarchs of the forest, and Chattanooga was oreupied first by the Confederate and later by the Union army, including the trying time when the Federal Troops were so closely shut up after the battle of Chickamauga. Some tres, however, escaped, and since the war many have been planted. It cannot be said that our citizens have always been mindful of the wisdom of the dying old Laird of Dumbiedlikes in Walter Scott's story of The Heart of Midlothian: "Jock, when ve hac naething else to do, Ve may be aye sticking in a tree: it will be growing. Jock, when ye're sleeping. My father tauld me sale forty years sin, but I ne'er fand time to mind him." Still. a good deal has been done, and more may be expected. It may be all encouragement to know that the author says that these very words were actually used by a Highland laird on his death-bed to his son, and that they led a Scottish carl to plant a large tract of country. One who plants trees helps beautify the city. in- Presses the value of his property and starts a good work which may last far beyond his own life.
The tracks shown in the picture are those of the Oak street lim. of the Chattanooga Electric Railway Company, and reach a large district in and out of the rity. besides connecting with the Mis- sionary Ridge line.
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MOUNTAIN INCLINE RAILWAY.
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LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN INCLINE.
Facilities for ascending historie Lookout Mountain were slow in coming, and for many years after the war the choice lay between driving, riding and walking.
The old ineline, reaching to below Lookont Point, and connect- ing with a narrow gauge railway along the western side, was the first improvement. then came a railway up the mountain. of standard gange, but called the "broad gange" to distinguish it from the narrow gauge above mentioned, later came the prosent incline, reaching the mountain top near Lookout Inn, and how the only one of the three road- in operation.
The view is taken from the bridge on which the county road passes over the incline, and the car is seen somewhat over halt way up. there being midway a switch by which the ascending and descending cars pass each other.
The little stone building sen at right of track above the car i- Battlefield Station, from which a road leads found to where the battle was tonght.
The ineline i- 4,759 feet in length. and though of much lighter grade lower down, has as it approaches the top a grade for a short distance of 67 feet in 100, which seen from below in approaching looks more formidable than when it is reached.
Travelers ascending will do well to sit where they can get the best view of the landscape below, and enjoy seeing it seem to rise as the car leaves the level of the valley.
Though unknown at the North, Lookout Mountain before the war was quite a summer resort for visitors from the Gulf region. it had it- beautiful scenery and refreshing air, though not vel enjoying it- present historie celebrity, and probably none of the visitors of ante-bellum days looked forward to bring drawn to its crest by rable.
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POINT PARK
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ENTRANCE TO POINT PARK-LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
GATEWAY TO POINT PARK- LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
On the summit of Lookout Mountain, at the northern extremity where Confederate cannon were stationed which took part in the so-called "Battle above the Clouds" which raged below, and including Point Rock, where in Very clear weather seven States can be seen. the United States Government has acquired eleven and eight truths acres of land, forming part of the Chicka a manga and Chattanooga National Military Park. and known as Point Park. The picture shows the stone gateway at the eh trance. The two towers are observation towers, from which views are had of both valleys, east and west. They are thirty three feet eight inches and thirty three feet five inches high, respective Is, to top of parapet, intended to be of some height but in con struction one fall short three inches. They are ascended by stone steps within.
In Point Park the Mate of New York is erecting a monument which will be the largest and most costly of any in the National Park. It is to be of granite and bronze, rising to the height ot eighty hve feet or thereabout. the lower portion to be in form a Grecian temple. On its tablets will be information about both armies
The Park Commission has placed within Point Park canton of the type of Confederate artillery stationed there in war-time.
The work of the Commission, the fine views of battlefields, and the magnificent stretch of landscape combine to make Point Park a place of great interest and beauty.
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THE. SUCK. TENNESSEE RIVER.
THE SUCK, IN THE TENNESSEE.
This view of that celebrated portion of the Tennessee river known as the Suck, in the upper part of the charming stretch of water below Chatta- nooga where the river winds its way through the mountain-, is taken from the north bank. looking up-stream. Raccoon Mountain is seen on the right. across the river, and on the left Walden's Ridge, on which, to the right of the tall leafless tree which intersects the sky-line. i- Signal Point. The Back is, In water. from the county bridge. twelve and is tenth- mile- below Chattanooga, by f. S. Army Engineers' map. It is much less by road.
The Suck is attractive to the lover of the beautiful and romantic, and has also a different interest to the people of Chattanooga as part of the steep waterway whose fall furnishes snch innense power for the genera- tion of electricity, about to be utilized by the Chattanooga and Tennessee River Power Company, which, building in connection with the National work of improvement of the Tennessee river, is expected in the near future to do such great things for Chattanooga.
The plant of the company is to be at Hale's Bar, situated as shown by map of F. S. Army Engineers' office at Chattanooga, twenty and six tenths miles below the Suck and thirty-three and two tenths miles below Chatta- noog., by river, from the county bridge, but, so winding i- the great stream. the distance from the county bridge is only thirteen and an eighth miles "as the crow flies." The line of transmission from the plant at Dale's Bar to the sub-station in this city, from which the emrent will be distributed, is said to be even less.
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