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Gc 975.5 Ar7h 1377428
U.M.
M. L.
DIANA TOWNSHIP LIBRARY.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
66 Post 50
THE PROPERTY OF
level and Township, County of
RULES AND REGULATIONS.
The Library is in charge of the Trustees of the Township, who are accountable for the preservation of the same.
They may adopt rules and regulations necessary for the pre- servation and usefulness of the books, prescribe the time of taking and returning them, and assess damages done them by those enti- tled to their use.
The Library must be kept open to all persons entitled to its privileges, throughout the year, without regard to school sessions.
Every family in the Township is entitled to the use of two volumes at a time, and every tax-payer of the same, without family, to the use of one volume.
No volume can be retained a longer period than 34 days.
That the Trustees may be able to make their Annual Report of the condition of the Library, and effect the necessary exchanges of the parts thereof in classified districts, all books must be re- turned to the Librarian 10 days before the annual meeting.
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02167 659 5
Lippincott's
Cabinet Bistories of the States.
VIRGINIA.
10
CAPT. JOHN SMITH.
LIPPINCOTT'S
CABINET HISTORIES.
SIC SEMPER TYRANNIS
VIRGINIA.
PHILADELPHIA. J. B. LIPPIN COTT & CO . 1856.
THE
HISTORY OF VIRGINIA,
FROM ITS
Earliest Settlement to the Present Time.
BY
SHE PCBLO
T. S. ARTHUR
AND
W. H. CARPENTER.
Gc 975.5 Ar 1h
PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1856.
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1852, by T. S. ARTHUR AND W. H. CARPENTER, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of 1 Pennsylvania.
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PUBLISHERS' PREFACE.
THERE are but few persons in this country who have not, at some time or other, felt the want of an accurate, well written, concise, yet clear and reliable history of their own or some other state.
The want here indicated is now about being sup- plied; and, as the task of doing so is no light or superficial one, the publishers have given into the hands of the two gentlemen whose names appear in the title-page, the work of preparing a series of CABI- NET HISTORIES, embracing a volume for each state in the Union. Of their ability to perform this well, we need not speak. They are no strangers in the literary world. What they undertake the public may rest assured will be performed thoroughly, and, that no sectarian, sectional, or party feelings will bias their judgment, or lead them to violate the integrity of history.
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The importance of a series of state histories like those now commenced, can scarcely be estimated. Being condensed as carefully as accuracy and interest of narrative will permit, the size and price of the volumes will bring them within the reach of every family in the country, thus making them home-read- ing books for old and young. Each individual will,
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PUBLISHERS' PREFACE.
in consequence, become familiar, not only with the history of his own state, but with that of other states : -thus mutual interest will be re-awakened, and old bonds cemented in a firmer union.
In this series of CABINET HISTORIES, the authors, while presenting a concise but accurate narrative of the domestic policy of each state, will give greater prominence to the personal history of the people. The dangers which continually hovered around the early colonists ; the stirring romance of a life passed fearlessly amid peril; the incidents of border war- fare; the adventures of hardy pioneers; the keen watchfulness, the subtle surprise, the ruthless attack, and prompt retaliation-all these having had an im- portant influence upon the formation of the American character, are to be freely recorded ; while the progres- sive development of the citizens of each individual state from the rough forest-life of the earlier day to the polished condition, of the present, will exhibit a pic- ture of national expansion as instructing as it is inte- resting.
The size and style of the series will be uniform with the present volume. The authors, who have been for some time collecting and arranging materials, will furnish the succeeding volumes as rapidly as their careful preparation will warrant.
PREFACE.
As the first Anglo-Saxon colony in America, Virginia has always occupied an important his- torical position. But while detached portions of her early annals, full of romantic interest, have become familiar to all classes of persons, `the connected narrative of the dangers and pri- vations which attended her early settlement, *and subsequent progress, has remained, for the most part, imperfectly known to the general reader.
To give this history in a compact form, neither coloured by prejudice nor distorted by party feeling, the present volume has been written. The materials for the work have been drawn
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PREFACE.
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from the most reliable sources, and it has been rendered as accurate as possible, by patient in- vestigation and by a careful comparison of con- flicting authorities.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Early English explorers-John and Sebastian Cabot discover North America-Voyage of Sebastian Cabot-Voyage of Frobisher -- Coligny founds a colony of Huguenots in Florida -The colonists massacred by the Spaniards-Retaliation of De Gourguis-First project of an English colony-Sir Wal- ter Raleigh-Studies the art of war under Coligny-Returns to England-In favour with Queen Elizabeth-Obtains a patent to colonize America-Voyage of Sir Humphrey Gil- bert-His shipwreck and loss at sea-Voyage of Amidas and Barlow-Description of the island of Wokokon in Florida-Kindness of the natives-Colony founded at Roa- noke-Deserted-Voyage of Sir Richard Grenville-Second settlement of Roanoke-Mysterious disappearance of the colonists-Death of Raleigh-Voyage of Newport-Charac- ter of the immigrants-Captain John Smith-His romantic adventures in the old world. Page 19
CHAPTER II.
Jamestown-Description of site selected for settlement-Ga- thering of the colonists-Charges preferred against Captain John Smith-His innocence substantiated-Wingfield fined -- Exploration of James River-Village of Powhattan -- Description of an Indian village-Its place of games-Its sacred fire-Sepulchre of the chiefs-Their idol Kiwasa- Construction of their wigwams-Internal arrangement -- Regal state of Powhattan-His wives-Obedience of his subjects-His places of residence-Orapakes-Description of Powhattan's dwelling-Character of Powhattan
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CHAPTER III.
Description of the colonists-Gentlemen idlers-Noticeable men-Mr. Hunt-Mr. George Percy-Captain Bartholomew
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CONTENTS.
Gosnold-His death-Portrait of Captain John Smith-Care- less security of the colonists-Attacked by the Indians- Fort built and palisadoed-Newport leaves for England -- Famine and sickness in the colony-Selfishness of Wingfield -Attempts to escape from the colony-Deposed-Suffer- ings of the settlers-Their providential deliverance-Energy of Smith-Explores the country for provisions-Conspiracy of Wingfield and Kendall-Death of Kendall -- Abundance Page 46 in the colony.
CHAPTER IV.
Smith's superior abilities create envy-He explores the Chicka- hominy River to its source-Three of his men slain by the Indians-Smith taken prisoner-Led in procession to Ora- pakes-Gratitude of a savage-Smith carried in triumph through various tribes-Reaches Pamunkey-Singular con- jurations of the medicine-men-Is taken to Werowocomoco -Regal state of Powhattan-Smith sentenced to death- Rescued by Pocahontas-His release-Returns to James- town-Represses the malcontents-They plot his death- His summary proceedings.
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CHAPTER V.
Arrival of the second supply -- Newport opens a trade with Powhattan-Is outwitted by the emperor-Sagacity of Smith-Value of blue beads-Mania for gold-seeking in Virginia-Arrival of the Phoenix- Smith explores the Chesapeake-Returns to Jamestown-Sails, and completes his discoveries-Character of Smith-Elected governor of Virginia-Arrival of the third supply-Coronation of Pow- hattan-His regal intractability-Affairs at Jamestown- Energetic conduct of Smith-Powhattan attempts to starve out the colony-Expedition of Smith to Werowocomoco ..... - 66
CHAPTER VI.
Smith sets out for Werowocomoco-Is visited by Powhattan -Smith's speech-Reply of Powhattan-Difficulties in the way of bartering for corn-Subtle conduct of the emperor -Smith and his companions surrounded by armed Indians -Rout of the latter-Supplies of corn obtained-Powhat- tan's treachery-Visit of Pocahontas-The project frus- trated-Smith sails for Pamunkey-Is entertained by Ope- chancanough-Demands a supply of corn-Fearful situa- tion of the whites-Smith takes Opechancanough prisoner
3 1833 02167 659 5
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CONTENTS.
-Surrender of his warriors-Their sudden friendship-The barges freighted with corn-Return to Jamestown ..... Page 78
CHAPTER VII.
Return of Smith to Jamestown-Loss of Scrivener, Gosnoll, and others-Government of Smith-Activity of the colo- nists-Growing scarcity of food-Many settlers quartered around Jamestown-Insubordination-Firmness of Smith -Arrival of Captain Argall-The commissioners in Eng- land surrender their charter-A new commission granted -Lord Delaware appointed Governor-general of Virginia -Nine vessels sail from England for the colony-Parted in a storm-Uncertain fate of the flag ship-The others of the fleet arrive in Virginia-Difficulties with Smith-His resolute conduct-Opens several new plantations-Powhat- tan settled-Terrible accident to Smith-His return to England-Statistics of the colony-Its prosperous condi- tion.
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CHAPTER VIII.
Captain George Percy-His reasons for remaining in the colony -His ill-health-Factious spirit of the people-Indian hos- tilities-Massacre of Ratcliffe and his men-West and thirty others turn pirates-Miserable condition of the colonists- Arrival of Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers- The colony deserted-Arrival of Lord Delaware-His judi- cious measures-The colony begins to flourish-Delaware returns to England-Disappointment of the London Com- pany-Sir Thomas Dale sent to Virginia-His arrival-Pro- claims martial law-Sir Thomas Gates arrives at James- town-Assumes the government of the colony-A planta- tion opened at Henrico-Private property recognized in the colony-Beneficial results arising therefrom-New Bermu- das settled-The third charter of the London Company- Change in the constitution-Money allowed to be raised by .. 100
lottery for the benefit of the colony.
CHAPTER IX.
Administration of Sir Thomas Gates-Cautious forbearance of Powhattan-Treachery of Japazaws-Capture of Poca- hontas-She is taken to Jamestown-A ransom demanded for her release-Powhattan sends back men and muskets- Sir Thomas Dale sent to enforce the remainder of the ran-
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CONTENTS.
som-Reaches Werowocomoco-Is assaulted-Defeats the savages and burns the town-Parleys with the Indians- Returns to Jamestown-John Rolfe instructs Pocahontas in the Christian faith-She is baptized-Marriage of Poca- hontas to Rolfe-Satisfaction of Powhattan-Its beneficial consequences- Dale treats with Powhattan for another daughter-His refusal-Rolfe and his wife sail for Eng- land - Pocahontas honourably received - Her death at Page 110 Gravesend.
CHAPTER X.
Evils arising from the system of common labour-Right of private property-Conditions of tenure-Indentured serv- ants-Bounty land-Dale embarks for England-Appoint- ment of Yeardley-Cultivation of tobacco-Careless security of the colonists-The savages taught the use of fire-arms- Argall supersedes Yeardley-His character and arbitrary conduct-His removal from office-Yeardiey reappointed- Second administration of Yeardley-The first general as- sembly convened at Jamestown-How composed-Energy of Sandys-Large numbers of immigrants sent to Virginia -Importation of females-Beneficial effect upon the colo- nists-Rapid increase of immigrants-Introduction of negro slavery-Resignation of Sandys-His successor nominated by King James-Spirited conduct of the London Company -Earl of Southampton elected treasurer-The first consti- tution of Virginia.
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CHAPTER XI.
Sir Francis Wyatt appointed governor-Arrives in Virginia -Scattered condition of the colonists-Their careless state of security-Death of Powhattan-Opechancanough sus- pected of treachery-His answer-Arranges a plan for the general massacre of the colonists-Nemattanow, or Jack of the Feather, murders one Morgan and robs him-Is shot lown by two boys-His dying requests-Terrible massacre of the 22d of March-Most of the plantations abandoned- Sickness in the colony-War of extermination-Reception of the tidings in England-Assistance sent to the colonists -Smith tenders his services-Conduct of King James-At- tempts to dictate to the company-Meets with a second re- buke-Resolves to annul the charter-Appoints commission- ers to inquire into the affairs of the company-Resolves to reassume his conceded authority-His proposition rejected by the company-Commissioners sent to Virginia.
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CONTENTS.
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CHAPTER XII.
Arrival of commissioners in Virginia-Feeling of the colonists -Proceedings of the commissioners-Pory suborns the clerk of the council-Punishment of the latter-The presence of the commissioners disregarded-Acts passed by the assem- bly-Taxation asserted to be dependent on representation- Regulations adopted to guard against surprise by the In- dians-Charter of the London Company cancelled-Death of James I .- Great influx of immigrants-No towns in Vir- ginia-Yeardley appointed governor-Lord Baltimore ar- rives in Virginia-Religious intolerance of the colonists- Baltimore returns to England-Obtains a patent for the province of Maryland-Yeardley succeeded by Sir John Harvey-Variance of opinions concerning the latter-He is deposed and sent to England-Is returned-Second Vir- ginia massacre - Opechancanough taken prisoner - His death ..
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CHAPTER XIII.
Berkeley sails for England-Treaty of peace with the Indians -Prosperity of Virginia-Her loyalty-Hospitality extend- ed to fugitive Cavaliers-Charles II. proclaimed-Action of the English Parliament-Virginia acknowledges the commonwealth-Berkeley resigns-Richard Bennett elected governor-Indian incursion-Edward Diggs elected gover- nor-Samuel Matthews chosen governor-His controversy with the burgesses-Declares the dissolution of the assem- bly-The assembly deposes the governor and council-Re- elects Matthews-His submission-Richard Cromwell- Acknowledged protector of England-The Virginia assem- bly defines its privileges-Restoration of Charles II .- Berkeley sails for England-The laws of Virginia revised ... 157 ,
CHAPTER XIV.
Jamestown in 1662-Increase of nonconformists-Persecution of-Their migration from Virginia-Projected massacre- Its opportune discovery-The prosperity of the province checked by injurious English laws-Futile attempts of the assembly to remedy the evil-An exploring party cross the Blue Ridge-Growing difficulties-Change in the political condition of the Virginians-Statistics of the province in 1671-Oppressed situation of the poorer planters-Magnifi- cent vagaries of Charles II .- Agents sent to England- Popular disturbances-Descent of the Seneca Indians upor.
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CONTENTS.
the Susquehannas-Outrages committed on the frontiers by the latter-Six chiefs treacherously murdered-Sanguinary retaliation-Arming of the Virginians-Berkeley repro- bates war-Nathaniel Bacon-His condition and character Page 167 -Marches against the Indians
CHAPTER XV.
Departure of Bacon-Berkeley commands him to return and disperse his followers-Bacon attacks an Indian fort and carries it by storm-Is pursued by Berkeley-Disturbances in the lower counties-Dissolution of the old assembly-A new assembly called-Bacon elected a burgess-Is arrested by order of the governor-Temporary reconciliation-Bacon appointed commander-in-chief-Jealously of Berkeley-Re- fuses Bacon a commission-Five hundred men march into Jamestown - Berkeley submits - Retires to Gloucester county-Proclaims Bacon a rebel-Bacon issues writs for a convention of the people-Berkeley retreats to Accomac- Raises an army and sails for Jamestown-Bacon marches against him-The governor deserted by his troops-Trium- phant progress of Bacon-His death-Violent proceedings of Berkeley-Thomas Hansford and others hanged-Death of Berkeley
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CHAPTER XVI.
Jeffreys appointed governor-An attempt made to regulate the Indian traffic-Political restrictions again enforced- Chicheley deputy-governor-Arrival of Lord Culpepper- Appointed governor for life-His avaricious dispositon-De- frauds the troops-Returns to England-Administration of Chicheley-Impoverished condition of the province-Dis- content of the people-Return of Culpepper to Virginia- Compromises with the planters of the northern neck-Em- barks for England-Lord Howard appointed governor- His meanness and avarice-Transportation of prisoners for political offences-Their reception in Virginia-Adminis- tration of Nicholson-Project for a college-A charter ob- tained-Andros appointed governor - His neatness and method-Is succeeded by Nicholson. 191
CHAPTER XVII.
Administration of Nicholson-Williamsburg founded-Dis- senters tolerated by statute-Enormous power of the gover-
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CONTENTS.
nor-Modes of its restriction-Bold project of De Callier, Governor of Montreal-How defeated-English scheme of general defence for the colonies-Virginia refuses her quota -Nicholson's letter in consequence-Loses his popularity -Political discontent-Nicholson removed-The office of Governor of Virginia granted as a sinecure to the Earl of Orkney-Edward Nott appointed deputy-governor-Re- vised code of Virginia-Prominent provisions-Jennings president of the council-Succeeds Nott-Colonel Spots- wood appointed deputy-governor-Crosses the Blue Ridge -Is knighted-Is succeeded by Hugh Drysdale-Death of Drysdale -- Accession of Brigadier-general Gooch ...... Page 201
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Eastern provinces-War of 1689-French territorial claims-Movements of Count Frontenac-Cocheco burned by Castin-Pemaquid taken by the Penobscot Indians -Burning of Schenectady-Massacre at Salmon Falls- Capture of the Casco Bay settlement-First American Con- gress-Unsuccessful attempt upon Quebec-Acadie invaded by Sir William Phipps-Expedition of Church-Villebon recaptures Port Royal-York destroyed by the French- Wells successfully defended-Virginia votes five hundred pounds toward the defence of New York-Frontenac rava- ges the territory of the Five Nations-Success of D'Ibber- ville -- Church ravages the French settlements-Burning of Haverhill and Andover-Peace of Ryswick-Plan of co-ope- ration for the colonies-French construct a line of posts from Canada to Louisiana-Alarm of the English-Re- newal of the war-French and Indian excesses-Surprise of Deerfield-Expedition against Acadie-Haverhill burned -Port Royal taken-Inglorious expedition of Sir Hoveden Walker.
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CHAPTER XIX.
Treaty of Utrecht-Population of the colonies-Absence of towns in Virginia-Crown Point taken possession of by the French-Communication between Canada and Louisiana- First newspaper in Virginia-War with Spain-Disastrous expedition to Carthagena-War with France-Capture of Louisburg-Treaty of Aix la Chapelle-Progress of Vir- ginia - Religious intolerance - Capitol at Williamsburg burned-Close of Gooch's administration-Evidences of affectionate regard-Character of Gooch-Ohio Company- French claims-Opposite claims of the British-Brownsville founded-French posts established in the vicinity of the
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CONTENTS.
Ohio-Orders from England-Dinwiddie appointed Gover- nor of Virginia-His purchase of the Indians-Back set- tlements of Virginia threatened by the French-A messen- ger despatched by Dinwiddie to ascertain their intentions- Virginia instructed to build two forts on the Ohio-George Washington-His early life and character. Page 223
CHAPTER XX.
Mission of Washington to the Ohio-Reaches Will's Creek- Halts at the forks of the Ohio-Holds a conference with In- dians at Logstown-Delivers his letters and credentials to the French commandant-His return-Is shot at by an Indian-His peril in crossing the Alleghany River-Ar- rives at Williamsburg-Increase of the provincial army- Washington appointed lieutenant-colonel-Marches to Will's Creek-The French drive off the troops at the forks of the Ohio, and build Fort Duquesne-Skirmish at Great Mea- dows-Death of Jumonville, and capture of his party- Fort Necessity erected-Invested by the French-The Vir- ginians capitulate on terms-Washington resigns his com- mission and retires to private life-Arrival of General Brad- dock with troops from England-Is joined by Washington as a volunteer-March of the army-Crossing of the Alle- ghanies-Defeat of Braddock on the banks of the Monon- gahela-Death of Braddock - Heroism of the Virginia troops-Retreat of the army to Cumberland.
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CHAPTER XXI.
Indian incursions-Activity of Washington-Dinwiddie con- venes the assembly-Increase of troops-Washington ap- pointed commander-in-chief-Hastens to Winchester-Dis- tressed condition of the settlers-His letter to the governor -His painful situation-Fort Loudoun commenced-Eng- land declares war against France-Arrival of the Earl of Loudoun-Success of the French under Montcalm-Confer- ence at Philadelphia- Plan of the campaign-Failure of the expedition against Louisburg-Campaign of 1758-Ener- getic measures of Pitt-Expedition ordered against Fort Duquesne-Advance of Colonel Bouquet-The Virginia troops concentrated at Fort Cumberland-A new road open- ed to Loyal Hanna-A detachment under Major Grant ordered to reconnoitre Fort Duquesne-Defeat of Grant- Arrival of General Forbes at Loyal Hanna-Council of war-Advance of the troops-The fort burned and deserted by the French-Fort Pitt erected on its site-Campaign of 1759-Treaty of Fontainbleau.
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CONTENTS.
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CHAPTER XXII.
English financial embarrassment-Proposition to tax the colo- nies-Passage of the stamp act-Its reception in America -Patrick Henry-His birth and education-Studies law- His first speech in the "parsons' cause"-Its effect upon his auditors-Elected a member of the assembly-Offers his celebrated resolutions-The effect of their adoption-Con- gress at Philadelphia-Solemn declaration of rights-Re- peal of the stamp act-Townshend's new bill-Passed by the Imperial Parliament-Resistance of the Americans- Death of Fauquier-Session of 1768-Resolutions of the assembly-Dissolved by the arrival of Lord Bottetourt as governor-in-chief-Session of 1769-Dissolution of the as- sembly-Non-importation agreement-Progress of resist- ance-Repeal of all duties except that on tea-Agitation still continues-Death of Lord Bottetourt-His character-The assembly order a statue to be erected to his memory ... Page 26"
CHAPTER XXIII.
Dunmore appointed governor-Arrival of Foy-Meeting of the assembly-Rebuke of Dunmore-His tart reply-Com- mittee of correspondence organized-A continental Congress suggested-Journey of Dunmore to the · Ohio-Appoints Conolly Indian agent-His designs unfolded - Troubles with Pennsylvania-Action of the Virginia council-Car- goes of tea sent to the colonies-Proceedings in conse- quence-Destruction of tea at Boston-Its port closed- Action of Virginia-The continental Congress-Indian war on the frontier-An army raised-March of Dunmore- Colonel Lewis encamps at Point Pleasant-Battle of Point Pleasant-Suspicious conduct of Dunmore-Negotiations for peace-Speech of Logan-Approaching crisis-Battle of Lexington-Dunmore conveys the powder from the maga- zine at Williamsburg-Henry marches upon the capital- An assembly convened-Flight of Dunmore ..
CHAPTER XXIV.
Adjournment of the Virginia Assembly-Continental Congress -Washington appointed commander-in-chief-Battle of Bunker's Hill-Movements of Dunmore-Battle at Great Bridge -Norfolk evacuated -Bombarded and burned- Meeting of the assembly-New constitution adopted-De- claration of Independence-Retreat of Dunmore-War at - the north-Disastrous expedition against Quebec-Retreat of Washington across the Jerseys-Battle of Trenton and 2*
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CONTENTS.
Princeton-Campaign of 1777-March of Burgoyne from Canada-Capture of Ticonderoga-Surrender of Burgoyne -Movements of Howe-Battles of Brandywine and Ger- mantown-Washington retires to Valley Forge-Treaty of alliance with France-Howe evacuates Philadelphia-Clin- ton retreats across the Jerseys-Battle of Monmouth-Ar- rival of a French fleet off the capes-An attack upon New- port projected-Its failure-Invasion of the southern states -Virginia plundered by General Matthews. Page 293
CHAPTER XXV.
Clinton embarks for the south-Capture of Charleston-Gates appointed to command the southern continental army-His defeat at Camden-Leslie sent to Virginia-Greene super- sedes Gates-Arnold in Virginia-La Fayette ordered to reinforce Steuben-General Phillips forms a junction with Arnold-Destruction of stores at Yorktown-Petersburg captured-Advance of Cornwallis-Battle of Cowpens-Re- treat of Greene-Marches against Rawdon-Cornwallis reaches Petersburg-Expeditions of Simcoe and Tarleton- March of Cornwallis to Portsmouth-Skirmish near James- town-The British army concentrated at York and Glouces- ter-Movements of the allied forces under Washington and Rochambeau-Arrival of the French fleet in the Chesapeake -Yorktown invested-Incidents of the siege-Capitulation of Cornwallis-Negotiations for peace
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