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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02277 0496
840
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1606. 1606-1888 1888.
VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
EMINENT VIRGINIANS.
Executives of the Colony of Virginia from Sir Thomas Smyth to Lord Dunmore. Executives of the State of Vir- ginia from Patrick Henry to Fitzhugh Lee. Sketches of Gens. Ambrose Powell Hill, Robert E. Lee, Thos. Jonathan Jackson, Commodore Maury.
By DR. R. A. BROCK, Secretary of the Virginia Historical Society. VIL
HISTORY OF VIRGINIA.
From Settlement of Jamestown to Close of the Civil War.
Written by PROF. VIRGIL A. LEWIS. Revised by DR. R. A. BROCK.
VOL. I. WITH PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
H. H. HARDESTY, Publisher, RICHMOND AND TOLEDO. 1888.
17.1.
1917117
PATRICK HENRY, From the original portrait by Thomas Sully, in the possession of his grandson, William Wirt Henry, Richmond, Va.
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
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https://archive.org/details/virginiavirginia01broc
Copyright. 1888, By H. H. HARDESTY.
JENKINS & WALTHALL, RICHMOND, VA. Book-Binders and Printers.
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Contents of Volume I.
PAGE.
EMINENT VIRGINIANS 7 to 270
Terms of the Executives of the Colony of Virginia 8 to 11
Terms of the Executives under the State Constitution 11 and 12
' Sketches of the Executives of the Colony 12 to 65
These are given in the order of terms of service, as follows: Sir Thomas Smith, Edward Maria Wingfield, John Radcliffe, Captain John Smith, Captain George Percy, Lord De La Warr, Sir Thomas Gates, Sir Thomas Dale, Sir George Yeardley, Sir Samnel Argall, Captain Nathaniel Powell, Sir Francis Wyatt, Captain Francis West, Dr. John Pott, Sir John Harvey, Captain John West, Sir William Berkeley, Richard Kempe, Richard Bonnet, Edward Digges, Colonel Samuel Matthews, Colonel Francis Morryson, Herbert Jeffreys, Sir Henry Chicheley, Lord Culpeper, Nicholas Spencer, Baron Effingham, Na- thaniel Bacon, Sir Francis Nicholson, Sir Edmond Andros, Earl of Orkney, Edward Nott, Edmund Jenings, Robert Hunter, Alexander Spotswood, Hugh Drysdale, Robert Carter, Sir William Gooch, James Blair, Earl of Albemarle, John Robinson, Thomas Lee, Lewis Burwell, Robert Dinwiddie, Earl of Loudon, John Blair, Francis Fauquier, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, Lord Botetourt, William Nelson, Lord Dunmore.
Sketches of Executives of the State of Virginia 66 to 252
These are given in order of terms of service, as follows: Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, William Fleming, Thomas Nelson, Benj. Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, Robert Brooke, James Wood, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George William Smith, Peyton Randolph, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Patton Preston, Thomas Mann Randolph, James Pleasants, John Tyler, William Branch Giles, John Floyd, Littleton Waller Tazewell, Wyndham Robertson, David Campbell, Thomas Walker Gilmer. John Mercer Patton, John Rutherfoord, John Munford Gregory, James McDowell, William Smith, John Buchanan Floyd, Joseph Johnson, Henry Alexander Wise, John Letcher, Francis H. Pierpont, Henry H. Wells, Gilbert Carleton Walker, James Lawson Kemper, Frederick William Mackey Holliday, William Ewan Cameron. Sketches of Ambrose Powell Hill, Robert Edward Lee, Thomas Jonathan Jackson, Commodore Maury 253 to 270 HISTORY OF VIRGINIA 271 to 408 Colonial Virginia 278 to 338
After the Revolution to 1861 338 to 346
In the War Between the States 246 to 400
Geographical and Physical View 406 to 408
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Illustrations in Volume I.
PORTRAITS.
PAGE.
Patrick Henry
Frontispiece.
Lord Botetourt
157
Sir Thomas Smith 13
Peyton Randolph.
21
Rev. Miles Selden 189
Thomas West, Earl De La Warr. 37
Captain George Percy
45
Silhouette of Richard Channing Moore, D. D. 197
Lord Dunmore 61
Thomas, Lord Culpeper 77
Edmund Randolph. 85
Pocahontas
273
Robert Brooke
101
Capt. John Smith 281
Alexander Spotswood
117
Robert Bolling
287
Lady Spotswood
125
Merewether Lewis
331
George Sandys
149
MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Entrance to Hollywood Cemetery,
Richmond
345
Ruins of Jamestown
291
Seal of Council Chamber, Colony of Virginia 297
Silver Medal King of Pamunkie 305 Silver Medal Queen of Pamunkey 313 Scene on the Great Kanawha ___ 321 Revolutionary Relics-Grave of General Morgan 3-41
Broad Seal of Virginia Colony __ 35! Tomb of Mary, Mother of Wash- ington 361
Seal of William and Mary College 371 Book Plate of Col. Wmn. Byrd. __ 377 Foley's Statue of "Stonewall" Jackson 383
Confederate States Seal
391
View in West Virginia
229
View ,of the Capitol Building,
Richmond
237
John Randolph's Armorial Book Plate 221
Yorktown Monument 141
Old Valentine (1753)
165
St. John's Church, Richmond
181
Scene in Virginia
205
Blandford Church
213
Armorial Book Plate, Earl of Dunmore 133
Autograph Bill of Patrick Henry 69
Scene in West Virginia. 93
Chair of Speaker of House of
Burgesses
109
Mace of the Borough of Norfolk_ 29 Drinking Cup made from the Sil- ver Mace of the Speaker of the House of Burgesses ( before the Revolution) 53
Gen. Robt. E. Lee
257
" Stonewall " Jackson 265
PAGE.
Rev. John Buchanan 173
Tomb of Ex-President Monroe
401
View on Upper Potomac
407
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EMINENT VIRGINIANS.
EXECUTIVES OF VIRGINIA, 1606-1889.
EXPLANATORY NOTE.
For a due understanding of the status of the several and successive executives of Virginia from its settlement, some explanation seems neces- sary. It may be thus concisely given : By the charter of the London Company for Virginia, from King James the First, of England, dated April the 10th, 1606, under which colonization was first effected, the chief direction of the affairs of the colony was vested in a Couneil in England, appointed by the King. They, in turn, named the resident Councillors in the Colony-each body electing its Executive or President. This plan was modified somewhat under a second charter granted the Company May the 23d, 1609, by which it was empowered to choose the Supreme Council in England, and under its instructions and regulations a Gov- ernor was provided, invested with absolute civil and military authority, with the title of "Governor and Captain General of Virginia." The resident Council was still retained. In the absence of the Governor-in- Chief, authority was vested in an appointed Deputy, or Lieutenant- Governor, or, in the absence of such officer, in the President of the Council. Upon the annulling of the charter of the London Company. and its dissolution July the 15th, 1624, the King henceforth appointed the Governor-in-Chief, who, however, but rarely resided in the Colony, his functions there being exercised by a Deputy, or Lieutenant-Governor. The resident Council was continued, being appointed by the King on the recommendation of the Governor, or Lieutenant-Governor. This mode obtained whilst Virginia remained a British Colony. The salary of the resident Governor in 1670, then Sir William Berkeley, was £1,200. In 1754 the salary of the Governor-in-Chief was £2,000, of which he retained £1,200, paying his Deputy, the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor residing in Virginia, 2800. Upon the rupture with the
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
mother country, Lord Dunmore, the last royal Governor, having fled from Williamsburg, the seat of government, in June, 1775, a recently dissolved Assembly met in Convention in the town of Richmond, July the 17th following, and organized a provisional form of government and plan of defence, with a Committee of Safety consisting of Edmund Pen- dleton, George Mason, John Page, Richard Bland, Thomas Ludwell Lee, Paul Carrington, Dudley Digges, James Mercer, Carter Braxton, William Cabell and John Tabb. A succeeding general Convention met by appointment at Williamsburg, May the 6th, 1776, and on the 29th of June following adopted a State Constitution which provided a Council of State, and a Governor, with a salary of £1,000, to be clected annually by a joint ballot of the Assembly. It is of interest to note in exhibition of the depreciation of the currency of the period that the salary of the Governor was successively increased until in October, 1779, it was made £7,500, and in May, 1780, because of the instability of the currency, was fixed in the primitive medium of Virginia and paid in 60,000 pounds of tobacco. In November, 1781, the amount was restored to £1,000, payable in specie, and this, or its equivalent in decimal currency - $3,333.333-continued to be the salary until by act of the Assembly of June the 5th, 1852, it was increased to $5,000. In 1781 the term of the Governor was made three years. Under the amended Constitution of Virginia, of 1851, the Council of State was abolished and the Governor made elective by popular vote. Upon the surrender by Genera! R. E. Lee, of the Confederate Army, April the 9th, 1865, Virginia was under martial law until May the 9th following, when, under proclamation of President Andrew Johnson, Governor Francis H. Pierpoint assumed the government, which he held, provisionally, until April the 16th, 1868, when he was superseded by Henry H. Wells, under the military appoint- ment of General John M. Schofield, commanding the First Military District, comprising Virginia. A State Convention met at Richmond in December, 1867, and framed a new Constitution, which, having been adopted by a vote of the people on the 6th of July, 1869, the State was re-admitted to the Union, and a Governor-Gilbert C. Walker-elected, who took his seat January the 1st, 1870, for a term of four years.
EXECUTIVES.
1606, -Sir Thomas Smyth, or Smith, first President of the Council of the London Company, and its Treasurer. 1607, April 26-Captain Edward Maria Wingfield, President of the Council in Virginia.
1607, Sept. 10-Captain JJohn Rateliffe, President of the Council in Virginia. 1608, Sept. 7-Captain John Smith, President of the Council in Vir- ginia.
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
(1609, May 23-Sir Thomas West, Earl De La Warr, or Delaware, appointed "Governor and Captain General ; " did not reach the Colony until June 10th, 1610, the resident executives in the interim being as follows :) 1609, August -Captain George Percy, President of the Council in Virginia.
1610, May 23-Sir Thomas Gates, Lieutenant-General and Deputy Governor.
1610, June 10-Earl De La Warr, Governor and Captain General.
1611, Mar. 28-Captain George Percy, President of the Council.
1611, May 19-Sir Thomas Dale, " High Marshall " and Acting Gov- ernor.
1611, August -Sir Thomas Gates, Acting Governor.
1613, March -- Sir Thomas Dale, Acting Governor.
1616, April -- Captain George Yeardley, Deputy or Lieutenant-Gov- ernor.
1617, May 15-Captain Samuel Argall, Deputy or Lieutenant-Gov- ernor. 1619, April 9-Captain Nathaniel Powell, President of the Council in Virginia.
1619, April 19-Sir George Yeardley, who had been knighted and appointed Governor and Captain General, Nov. 18, 1618, arrived in the Colony.
1621, Nov. 8-Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor and Captain General.
1626, May 17-Sir George Yeardley (commissioned March 4th), Governor and Captain General. Died November, 1627.
1627, Nov. 14-Captain Francis West, President of the Council.
1628, Mar. 26-Sir John Harvey, appointed Governor and Captain General, but did not arrive until later. In the interim, as follows :)
1629, Mar. 5-Doctor John Pott, President of the Council.
1630, March -Sir John Harvey, Governor and Captain General, "thrust out of his government" by the people, but re-commissioned by King Charles I., January 11, 1635. Until his arrival April 2, 1636, the execu- tive was:
1665, April 28-Captain John West, President of the Council.
1986, April 2-Sir John Harvey, Governor and Captain General.
1.9, Nov. -Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor and Captain General.
1042, Feb. -Sir William Berkeley, who had been commissioned Aug. 9, 1641, arrived as Governor and Captain General.
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
1644, June -Richard Kempe, President of the Council, Acting Gov- ernor during the absence of Sir Wm. Berkeley in England.
1645, June -Sir William Berkeley, Governor. .
1652, April 30-Richard Bennet, Acting Governor under the Common- wealth of Cromwell.
1655, March -Edward Digges, President of the Council under the Commonwealth of Cromwell.
1658, Mar. 13-Captain Samuel Matthews, President of the Council under the Commonwealth of Cromwell until Jan- uary, 1660, from which time the Colony was without a Governor until the election, by the Assembly,
1660, Mar. 23-Of Sir William Berkeley, as Governor. He was com- missioned as such by Charles II., July 31, 1660. 1661, April 30-Col. Francis Morryson, Deputy or Lieutenant-Gov- ernor.
1662, fall of, -Sir William Berkeley, Governor.
(1675, July 8-Thomas Lord Culpeper appointed Governor and Cap. tain General for life-died in 1719. Until his ar- rival :)
1677, April 27-Herbert Jeffreys, appointed Governor Oct. 9, 1676, (with Captain Robert Walter as his Deputy, who died Oct. 10, 1676) ; commissioned Lieutenant-Gov- ernor Nov. 11, 1676. Died Dee., 1678.
1678, Dec. 30-Sir Henry Chicheley, Deputy Governor.
1680, May 10-Thomas Lord Culpeper, Governor and Captain General.
1683, Sept. 17-Nicholas Spencer, President of the Council.
1684, April 16-Francis Lord Howard, Baron Effingham, Lieutenant- Governor; commissioned Sept 28, 1683.
1688, Oct. 20-Nathaniel Bacon, President of the Council.
1690, Sir Lionel. Copley, Governor.
1690, Oct. 16-Col. Francis Nicholson, Lieutenant-Governor.
1693, Oct. 16-Sir Edmund Andros, who had been commissioned Gov- ernor March 1, 1693.
1698, Dec. 9-Col. Francis Nicholson, Lieutenant-Governor; com- missioned July 20th, 1698.
(1704, -George Hamilton Douglas, Earl of Orkney, commis- sioned Governor-in-Chief; never came to Virginia ; died July 29th, 1737.)
1705, Aug. 15-Edward Nott, Lieutenant-Governor ; died Aug., 1706. 1706, August -Edmund Jenings, President of the Council.
(1707, April 4-Col. Robert Hunter, commissioned as Lieutenant-Gov- ernor, but being captured by the French on his voyage for Virginia, and conveyed to France, never acted.)
1710, June 23-Col. Alexander Spotswood, Lieutenant-Governor.
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
1722, Sept. 27-Hugh Drysdale; died July 22, 1726.
1726, July 22-Robert Carter, President of the Council.
1727, Oct. 23-William Gooch (subsequently knighted), Lieutenant- Governor.
(1737, ...... -William Anne Keppel, Second Earl of Albemarle; appointed Governor-in-Chief Sept. 6, 1737; died Dec. 23, 1754. )
1740, ....
-Between Sept. 16th and Dec. 5th, as indicated by land patents, signed respectively by Sir Wm. Gooch and James Blair, D. D., the latter, as President of the Council, was Acting Governor during the absence of Sir Wm. Gooch in command of the expedition against Carthagena. The last patent signed by James Blair was on July 25, 1741.
1741, July -Sir William Gooch, Lieutenant-Governor.
1749, June 20-John Robinson, President of the Council.
1749, Sept. 5-Thomas Lee, President of the Council ; died 1751.
1751, Feb. 12-Lewis Burwell, President of the Council.
1751, Nov. 20-Robert Dinwiddie, Lieutenant-Governor.
(1756, July -John Campbell, Earl of Loudon, appointed Governor- in-Chief, and though he came to New York, was never in Virginia.)
1758, January -John Blair, President of the Council.
1758, June 7-Francis Fauquier, Lieutenant-Governor; appointed Feb. 10, 1758.
(1763, -Sir Jeffrey Amherst appointed Governor-in-Chief.)
1767, Sept. 11-John Blair, President of the Council.
1768, Oct. 28-Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt, Governor-in- Chief ; died Oct. 15, 1770.
1770, Oct. 15-William Nelson, President of the Council.
1771, August -John Murray, Earl Dunmore, Governor-in-Chief; appointed July, 1771; fled, June, 1775, from the . seat of Government.
GOVERNORS UNDER THE STATE CONSTITUTION, ETC.
1776, June 29-Patrick Henry.
1779, June 1-Thomas Jefferson.
1781, June 12-Thomas Nelson, Jr .; resigned.
1781. Nov. 20-Benjamin Harrison. 17-4, Nov. 29-Patrick Henry. 17x6, Dec. 1-Edmund Randolph.
17%, Dec. 1-Beverley Randolph.
1791, Dec. 1-Henry Lee.
1794, Dec. 1-Robert Brooke.
1796, Dec. 1-James Wood.
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
1799, Dec. 1-James Monroe.
1802, Dec. 1-John Page.
1805, Dec. 1-William H. Cabell.
1808, Dec. 1-John Tyler.
1811, Jan. 11-James Monroe; appointed Secretary of State of the United States, Nov. 25, 1811.
1811, Nov. 25-George William Smith, Lieutenant-Governor, and Acting Governor; died Dec. 26, 1811.
1811, Dec. 26-Peyton Randolph, Senior Member of Council of State.
1812, Jan. 3-James Barbour, Governor.
1814, Dec. 1-Wilson Cary Nicholas.
1816, Dec.
1 -- James P. Preston.
1819, Dec. 1-Thomas Mann Randolph.
1822, Dec. 1-James Pleasants, Jr.
1825, Dec. 1-John Tyler.
1827, March -William B. Giles.
1830, March -John Floyd.
1834, March
-Littleton Waller Tazewell; resigned April 30, 1836.
1836, April 30-Wyndham Robertson, Lieutenant-Governor.
1837, March -David Campbell.
1840, March -Thomas Walker Gilmer; resigned to take his seat as a Member of Congress.
1841, March -John Rutherfoord, Lieutenant-Governor.
1842, March -John M. Gregory, Lieutenant-Governor.
1843, January-James McDowell, Governor.
1846, January-William Smith.
1849, January-John B. Floyd.
1851, Jan. 1-Joseph Johnson.
1856, January-Henry Alexander Wise.
1860, January-John Letcher.
1864, January-William Smith.
1865, May 9-Francis H. Pierpoint.
1868, April 16-Henry H. Wells.
1870, Jan. 1-Gilbert C. Walker.
1874, Jan. 1-James L. Kemper.
1878, Jan. 1-Frederick W. M. Holliday.
1882, Jan. 1-William E. Cameron.
1886, Jan. 1-Fitzhugh Lec.
SIR THOMAS SMITH.
Sir Thomas Smith, an eminent merchant of London, and the chief of the assignees of the patents of Sir Walter Raleigh, was the first Presi- dent of the Council of the London Company of Virginia, and its treas-
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العاشرة
SIR THOS SMITH First Treasurer of the Virginia Company:
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
urer until the close of the year 1618, when he was succeeded by Sir Edwin Sandys, who was succeeded by his brother, George Sandys, who came to Virginia and completed, on the banks of the James river, a translation of the Metamorphoses of Ovid, the first English book pre- pared in America, which was published in London in 1621. The por- trait of George Sandys appears in this work. Sir Thomas Smith was a man of ability, and evidently an astute politician. He is stated by the historian, Rev. E. D. Neill, to have been ambassador to Russia, but it is probable that the envoy was another of the same name and title, who died Nov. 28, 1609.
EDWARD MARIA WINGFIELD.
Edward Maria Wingfield, the first President of the Council in Virginia, was a man of gentle birth and honorable record, who had been a com- panion of Ferdinando Gorges in the European wars, subsequently served in the English army in Ireland, it is presumed with the rank of captain, as he is so designated in the "List of Adventurers," and, later, had been a merchant in London. Because of disagreements in the Colony, he re- turned to England in 1608. He wrote "A Discourse of Virginia," which was first printed in 1860 by the American Antiquarian Society, with an introduction and notes by Charles Deane, LL.D.
JOHN RATCLIFFE.
Captain Jolin Ratcliffe was President of the Colony from September 10, 1607, to September 7, 1608, when, suffering from a wounded hand and enfeebled by sickness, he went to England, but returned in command of the " Diamond," with colonists, in July, of the following year.
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.
A biographical notice of Captain John Smith, President of the Colony from September 7, 1608, to August, 1609, will be found in the histor- ical sketch of Virginia, in the second volume of VIRGINIA AND VIR- GINIANS. IIe has been justly termed "the father of Virginia."
CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY.
Captain George Perey, a younger brother of Henry, Earl of North- umberland, President of the Colony of Virginia from August, 1609, to May 23, 1610, and from March 28, 1611, to May 19, 1611, and some- time its faithful treasurer, was born September 4, 1586, and died, un- married, in March, 1632. He was "a gentleman of honor and resohi- tion," and had served with distinction in the wars of the Low Countries,
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS
and his soldierly qualities were evidenced in the Colony as a leader against the Indians, as well as his administrative ability as the successor of John Smith. The portrait of him given in this work is from a faithful copy of the original at Syon House, the seat of the Duke of Northumberland, made, in 1853, for the Virginia Historical Society. A mutilated hand in the portrait, it is said, was the result of a wound received in battle.
LORD DE LA WARR.
Sir Thomas West, third Lord De La Warr (or Delaware, as the name now obtains in America), the first resident Governor-in-Chief of the (Alony of Virginia, and the descendant of a long line of noble ancestry, was born about the year 1579. His relatives and family connections, who were closely allied with royalty, were among the most active and influential agents of American colonization. The Virginia colony being in a languishing condition, the London Company obtained, May 23, 1609, a second charter, with enlarged privileges and territory, and, under it, Lord De La Warr received the appointment of "Governor and Captain General of Virginia " for life. He is contemporaneously char- arterized as " one of approved courage, temper and experience," and as "religious, wise, and of a valorous mind." The newly organized Com- pany embraced an imposing representation of rank, wealth and in- fluence, and to the "example, constancy and resolution" of Lord De La Warr is ascribed this revival of " that which was almost lifeless."
The new Governor arrived at Jamestown, June 10, 1610, and im- mediately instituted vigorous measures for the recuperation of the droop- ing settlement. The church at Jamestown was repaired and religious services regularly held ; two forts were built on the Southampton river, and called after the King's sons, Henry and Charles, respectively. The ad- ministration of Lord De La Warr, though ludicrously ostentatious for so insignificant a dominion, was yet highly wholesome, and under his judi- cious discipline the settlement was restored to order and contentment. His health failing, Lord De La Warr sailed March 28, 1611, for the Island of Mevis, for the benefit of the warm baths, leaving his colony in the charge of Captain George Perey. His health improving somewhat, he d. sired to return to his government in Virginia, but was overruled by medical advice, and sailed for England instead. His generous exertions for the welfare of the Colony here continued were most assiduous, and were largely instrumental in the frequent procurement for it of new supplies, stel in securing a third and yet more advantageous charter for the Company, which was granted by the King, March 12, 1611-12. Lord D .. La Warr set sail from England to return to Virginia some time in March or April, 1618, but unfortunately died in or near Delaware Bay, on the 7th of June following, sealing his devotion to the Colony
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VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIANS.
with his life, after having dissipated his fortune in the advancement of its interests. The portrait of Lord De La Warr given in this work is from a photograph of the original at Buckhurst Park, in the county of Sussex, England, the seat of the present Earl De La Warr, and was furnished by Hon. L. S. Sackville West, a younger brother of the Earl and the present British minister at Washington, D. C. He prepared a "Relation" of the planting of his Colony in Virginia, which was pub- lished at London in 1611. It was reprinted (50 copies) in 1859, and again by R. W. Griswold (20 copies) in 1868. A letter from Lord De La Warr, July 7, 1610, from the Harleian manuscript, is printed in the Hakluyt Society's edition of Strachey, p. xxiii.
SIR THOMAS GATES.
Sir Thomas Gates, a patentee named in the first charter to the Vir- ginia Company, was a Captain in the English army, and, by leave, served in the United Netherlands in 1608. He sailed for Virginia with the title of Lieutenant-General, accompanied by his wife and daughters, June 1, 1609, in the "Sea Venture," with colonists and supplies. The vessel being shipwrecked on the Bermudas, they were detained there some months, during which the wife of Gates died. He arrived at James- town May 23, 1609, and assumed the government of the Colony until the arrival of Lord De La Warr on the 10th of June following. Gates was sent to England the same year, and returned to the Colony with supplies in August, 1611. He remained as Governor until March, 1613, when he finally departed for England. He is mentioned subsequently as being present at a meeting of the Virginia Company, held in London, July 13, 1619.
SIR THOMAS DALE.
Thomas Dale, a soldier of distinction in the Low Countries, was knighted by King James the First in June, 1608, as Sir Thomas Dale of Surrey. He sailed with the appointment of "high marshall " from England, for Virginia, March 17, 1611, arrived at Jamestown on the 19th of May following, and superseded Captain George Percy in the government of the Colony. The States-General soon after gave him a three years' leave of absence, which, in 1614, was extended. Under an extraordinary code of "Lawes, Divine, Morall and Martial," compiled by William Strachey, Dale inaugurated vigorous measures for the govern- ment and advancement of the Colony. He planted a new settlement at Henrico, remedied to some extent the pernicious system of a community of property by allotting to cach settler three acres of land to be worked for his individual benefit; planted " comon gardens for hemp and flaxe, and such other seedes," and conquered the Appomattox Indians and took
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