USA > Virginia > Augusta County > Augusta County > Annals of Augusta County, Virginia > Part 9
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EMIGRATION TO KENTUCKY-PERILS BY THE WAY.
As stated on page 207, from the time of the first settlement of Ken- tucky till near the close of the eighteenth century, the most frequented route of travel from the Eastern and Northern States to Kentucky was called the " Wilderness Road." John Filson, a native of Delaware and one of the earliest settlers of Kentucky, returned to his former home, in 1786, and kept a journal of the stopping places, and the distances between them. Starting from the "Falls of the Ohio " (Louisville), he mentions thirty-six places between that point and Staunton. Among the places named are Bardstown, Harrod's Station, Logan's Station, Cumberland Mountain, Powell's Mountain, Black Horse, Washington Courthouse, Head of Holston, Fort Chiswell, New River, Alleghany Mountain, Botetourt Courthouse, North Branch of James River, and Staunton. The distance from the Falls of the Ohio to Staunton by this route, as noted by Filson, was five hundred and nine miles. (Life of Filson, by Colonel R. T. Durritt.) The trip on horseback must have required considerably more than a month.
In the year 1783 or 1784 a large party of Augusta people-Allens, Moffetts, Trimbles and others-removed to Kentucky, going by the route just mentioned. Among the emigrants was Mrs. Jane Allen Trimble, wife of Captain James Trimble, a woman of rare excellence, in whose memoir we find a graphic account of the trip.
Soon after the Revolutionary war, Captain Trimble and others, who had been soldiers, went to Kentucky to locate the land-warrants issued to them for military services. They were delighted with the country, and on their return to Augusta a spirit of immigration was awakened throughout the county. The memoir states that it was in 1784, but other accounts say 1783. In September of one of those years, a company was
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formed, consisting of eight or ten families, who made known that they would meet in Staunton on the Ist of October, in order to emigrate to Kentucky, and they invited others to join them, either in Staunton or on the route to Abingdon. On the Sabbath previous to their departure they attended their several churches, and heard their last sermons in Virginia, as they supposed. Mrs. Trimble, says the memoir, often referred to that day's religious experience as being unusually interest- ing and impressive." The services she attended were conducted by the Rev. James Waddell, and "the minister spoke of the separation of parents and children, brothers and sisters, friends and neighbors, who had been united in sweetest bonds of fellowship, in such a pathetic strain as to make all eyes fill with tears."
"The families met, according to agreement, in Staunton, October Ist. All rode upon horses, and upon other horses were placed the farming and cooking utensils, beds and bedding, wearing apparel, provisions, and last, but not least, the libraries, consisting of two Bibles,* half a dozen Testaments, the Catechism, the Confession of Faith of the Pres- byterian Church, and the Psalms of David. Each man and boy carried his rifle and ammunition, and each woman her pistol, for their long journey was mostly through a wilderness, and that infested by savages.
"James Trimble's family consisted of a wife and three children, and four colored servants. The eldest child was a daughter by a former marriage. The other two were sons, one three years old and the other eleven months. These the mother carried, one in her lap and the other behind her. Thus equipped, the emigrants took up their line of march, after bidding farewell to their weeping friends. Mrs. Trimble had an uncle and brother, with their families, to accompany her.
" By the time the party reached Abingdon, they had increased to three hundred persons, and when they arrived at Bean's Station, a frontier post, they were joined by two hundred more from Carolina. Three-fourths of these were women and children." General Knox, of Revolutionary fame, afterwards Washington's Secretary of War, fell in with them at some point, which is not stated, and at Bean's Station the entire command of their movements was conceded to him.
General Knox organized the unincumbered horsemen, of whom there were not more than twenty, in two companies, one to go in front and the other in the rear, with the women and children and pack- horses in the middle. There was no road, and the trail being wide enough for only one horse, the emigrants went in single file, forming a line of nearly a mile long. At the eastern base of Clinch Mountain there was the first indication of Indians prowling near them. Clinch river was swollen by recent rains, and in crossing it Mrs. Trimble and
* Bibles were costly in those days. During colonial times, the printing of the English version in America was prohibited, and a heavy duty was laid on copies imported. The only copies of the Scriptures printed here before the Revolution were Eliot's Indian and Luther's German Bibles.
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her children came near losing their lives. A Mrs. Ervin carried two negro children in a wallet thrown across her horse, and these were washed off by the current, but rescued by a Mr. Wilson.
A party of eight horsemen overtook the emigrants at Clinch river, and preceded them on the route. Measles broke out, and there was scarcely a family in the train that had not a patient to nurse ; but, not- withstanding their exposure to rain during several days, no death occurred.
Between Clinch river and Cumberland Gap, the emigrants came upon the remains of the eight horsemen who had passed on before them. They had been tomahawked, scalped and stripped by Indians, and some of the bodies had been partly devoured by wolves. General Knox and his party paused long enough to bury the remains of the unfortunate men. During the night which followed, there were unmis- takable signs of Indians near the camp. The savages hooted and howled like wolves and owls till after midnight, and made an unsuc- cessful attempt to stampede the horses. The next morning the In- dians were seen on the hills, and their signal guns were distinctly heard. A night or two afterwards, when the camp fires were extinguished, and nothing was heard but the sound of the falling rain and the occasional tramp of a horse, a sentinel discovered an Indian within twenty feet of him, and fired his gun. This alarmed the camp, and in a few minutes the whole party was under arms. No attack was made, however. In the morning Indian tracks were distinct and numerous, and some of them were sprinkled with blood, showing that the sentinel had fired with effect.
An attack by the Indians was confidently expected at the narrow pass of Cumberland Gap, and every precaution was taken. Discon- certed in their plans, the Indians made no assault. At every river to be crossed the utmost caution was observed to guard against surprise, and the Indians finally abandoned the pursuit.
The emigrants arrived at Crab Orchard, Kentucky, the first of Novem- ber. This was the frontier post on the northeast border, from which emigrants branched off to their respective destinations Here General Knox took leave of the party in an eloquent address, which was res- ponded to appropriately by Captain Trimble.
Mrs. Trimble removed to Ohio with her children after her husband's death, and afterwards made several trips on horseback to Virginia. One trip, made in 1811, was accomplished in two weeks. The child who rode behind her on her journey to Kentucky, was Allen, who for four years was Governor of Ohio. She survived till 1849.
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HANGING FOR HORSE-STEALING.
In the latter part of 1793, an unfortunate man suffered death by hang- ing, at Staunton, under circumstances which have always excited popu- lar sympathy. It is not often that an accused person is condemned contrary to public sentiment ; but it seems to have been so in this case, and to the present day the execution is referred to as an instance of judicial murder.
John Bullitt, the person alluded to, was a young man from Kentucky, and is said to have been of feeble intellect. While in Augusta county he was accused of "feloniously stealing and carrying away from the plantation of John Nichols, Sr., of the said county, on the 18th day of September, 1790, a gray horse of the price of thirty pounds, and other property, belonging to said Nichols, of the value of five pounds." Total value of the property, $116.6623. Where the accused was from September 18, 1790, till August 26, 1793, is not known. There is a tradi- tion that he was returning with the horse when he was arrested. On the last mentioned day the county court sat for his examination, and he was brought before that tribunal. The court consisted of Alexander Robertson, Alexander St. Clair, Robert Douthat, William Moffett and Alexander Humphreys, "Gentlemen Justices "; and on the testimony of John Nichols, Sr., John Nichols, Jr., Jesse Atkinson and George Sea, the prisoner was sent on for trial before the district court " to be holden at Staunton, on the 2d day of September next."
The order-book containing the proceedings in the district court (No. 2) has disappeared, and therefore we cannot say which of the judges pre- sided at the trial and what persons composed the jury. Neither can we ascertain whether there was an application for a writ of error, nor on what day the execution was appointed to take place. It is certain, however, that Bullitt was condemned, and that he was hung on some day subse- quent to October 16, 1793.
On that day the county court ordered the sheriff to erect a gallows "at the fork of the roads leading from Staunton to Miller's iron works and to Peter Hanger's," and that, the order says, " shall be considered as the place of execution of all condemned persons in future, which may by law be executed by the sheriff of Augusta." Evidently the court anticipated a brisk business in that line. The fork of the roads alluded to is the point in the northern part of the town where Augusta and New streets unite. The spot was then in the woods, and a log house built there afterwards was long occupied by the Gorden family. There Bullitt paid the penalty of his life for a paltry offence which it is doubtful if he committed. It was currently said that the younger Nichols loaned him the horse, and probably saddle and bridle ("of the
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value of five pounds "), but through fear of his father, a man of violent temper, permitted the youth to be hung as a felon.
It is related that the Rev. John McCue was present at the execution, and betrayed great emotion. The popular feeling was long expressed by a saying often repeated to puzzle children : " That if a person would go to John Gorden's house and say, 'John Bullitt, what were you hung for .? ' he would say nothing."
The gallows at the place described gave to all the northern part of Staunton the name of Gallowstown.
The late James Bell, a young man of twenty-one in 1793, was deputy sheriff that year, and officiated at the execution.
The county court, on October 15, 1793, ordered their clerk (Jacob Kin- ney) to purchase a bell for the courthouse, which, we believe, is the one still in use.
COLONEL ANDREW ANDERSON, the Revolutionary soldier and for many consecutive years a delegate from the county in the Legislature, was married twice The children of his first wife were: (1) Dr. George Anderson, of Montgomery county ; (2) Mrs. Brown, of Kentucky, and (3) the first wife of Major William Poage, of Augusta.
The second wife of Colonel Anderson was Martha, daughter of Patrick Crawford, and her children were: (1) John; (2) James, (both of whom died in Montgomery county, leaving no children); (3) Robert, who mar- ried Nancy Dean, of Greenbrier, and lived and died on his farm on Middle river and the macadamized turnpike, (see page 58) ; (4) William, who died in New Orleans; (5) Nancy, wife of William Crawford, of North Mountain; and (6) Sally, wife of Jacob Ruff.
EDWARD MCLAUGHLIN, a native of Londonderry, Ireland, settled early in the eighteenth century near the place now called Goshen, in Rockbridge county. His wife was a Miss Irvin. (See page 93.) He was a member of Captain Dickinson's company at Point Pleasant, and during the Revolutionary war participated in the battles of the Cowpens, Guilford, and Yorktown. His son, Edward I., was the father of Judge William McLaughlin.
PETER HANGER, the first of the name in the county, lived near Staun- ton, at Spring Farm, now the Staunton water works. His wife was Hannah Gabbert, and his children were five sons-viz: Peter, George, Frederick, John (died a bachelor) and Jacob; and his daughters, Bar-
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bara Rush, Hannah Fultz, Kitty Eidson, and Elizabeth, who died unmarried.
I. Peter Hanger, son of Peter and Hannah, lived on the Winchester road, eight miles from Staunton, at a place formerly widely known as "Hanger's," and latterly as " Willow Spout." His wife was Catherine Link, whose mother was Mary Smith. He had four sons and four daughters, who lived to maturity-viz: I. David, who went to Mis- souri ; 2. Elizabeth, wife of Joshua Evans, Sr .; 3. Hannah, wife of James Allen ; 4. Dr. John Hanger; 5. Peter Hanger, of South River; 6. Mary, wife of Samuel M. Woodward; 7. William S., still living ; 8. Eveline, wife of Jacob Baylor.
II. George Hanger lived on Middle River, at Shutterle's mill. His wife was Obedience Robinson, and his children-1. William S .; 2. Alex- ander ; 3. Jacob; 4. Robinson ; 5. Catharine, wife of William Mills.
III. Jacob Hanger removed to Ohio. He had three sons-Robertson (formerly of New Hope), William and James.
IV. Frederick Hanger was the ancestor of the Hangers of the southern part of Augusta and Rockbridge.
A NIGHT ALARM.
On Friday, December 11, 1812, a negro girl was hung near Staunton for the murder, by drowning; of her master's infant child. She was duly tried and convicted by the county court, October 29th, Mr. Peyton prosecuting, and General Blackburn defending the accused. The cir- cumstance would not deserve mention in a history of the county, but an incident connected with it is somewhat interesting. Much sympathy was excited in the community in behalf of the miserable girl, many persons doubting whether she intended to drown the child. At any rate there was a feverish state of feeling on the subject.
During the night after the execution the people of Staunton were aroused from their slumber by a most unearthly noise. Loud and appa- rently supernatural groans resounded through the town. The people generally rushed into the streets to ascertain the cause, and some of the more superstitious sort professed to have seen the girl alluded to sitting on the steps of the jail.
It was years before the cause of alarm was ascertained. At the time of the occurrence and for many years afterwards, a large two-story frame building stood on the northwest corner of New and Courthouse street, opposite the Washington Tavern, and in this building Ben. Mor- ris, a prosperous merchant, had his store. He had in his employment a mischievous clerk, or salesman, who confessed, when it was safe to do so, that he had climbed upon the roof of the store-house through the trap-door, and aroused the town by means of a speaking-trumpet.
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THE BLACK HAWK WAR .- In the summer of 1832, a breeze of excite- ment was caused in Staunton by the passage through the town of a detachment of United States troops, returning to Fort Monroe from the "Black Hawk War," in northwestern Illinois. The detachment consisted of six companies of artillery, serving as infantry, taken, two each, from the First, Third and Fourth regiments, and was commanded by Captain John Munroe. The commissary was Lieutenant W. A. Thornton, and one of the lieutenants was Joseph E. Johnston, who be- came the distinguished Confederate General. The troops marched through Main street from the west in military array, and rested in the meadow where the freight depot of the Valley Railroad now stands, to take their midday meal. Arms were stacked and knapsacks unslung, and the soldiers, producing from the latter bread and bacon, partook of their dinner on the grass. The officers dined at the Washington Tavern, then kept by Louis Harman. In the afternoon the command went on towards Waynesborough.
Major Robert Anderson, who commanded at Fort Sumter in 1861, was a lieutenant of the Third artillery in 1832; but whether he was with the detachment which came through Staunton, we do not know.
THE REV. WILLIAM WILSON (see page 134) had two sons, Dr. James Wilson and Thomas P. Wilson. His brother, Thomas Wilson, married a Miss Poage, of Augusta, and settled in Morgantown, Monongalia county.
The sons of Thomas Wilson were-I. Edward C. Wilson, a lawyer and member of Congress; 2. Rev. Norval Wilson, of the Methodist Episcopal church, father of Bishop Alpheus Wilson; 3. Alpheus P. Wilson, a prominent lawyer and member of the State Senate, from a district embracing all northwest Virginia from Pennsylvania to Ken- tucky. He removed to New Orleans, and in 1830 fell from a steamboat and was drowned.
THE HUNTER RAID .- As stated on page 317, the quartermaster's wagons moved up the Greenville road Sunday evening June 5, 1864. They arrived at Smith's tavern long after dark. Resting there till day- light, the train then went on to cross the Blue Ridge at Tye River Gap. Reaching the top of the mountain, Monday evening, tents were pitched, and the party made themselves as comfortable as they could. Many refugees, ladies as well as men, with their stock, passed the camp that evening and the next day, going into Nelson county, which was sup- posed to be a safe retreat. All day Tuesday the quartermaster's party remained on the mountain; but on Wednesday they went down into
-
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Nelson. Possession was taken of a vacant house known as "Hub bard's Quarter," only a few miles from Arrington depot, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, now the Virginia Midland. A long rest was anticipated at that place, but after dark a courier arrived bringing an order from General Vaughan that the army stores should be forwarded to him at Rockfish Gap. Accordingly, most of the wagons, accom- panied by several officers and many subordinates, moved forward on Thursday, along the eastern base of the Blue Ridge, and reached Rock- fish Gap on Saturday the 11th. There tidings were received by tele- graph, which excited fears as to the fate of the men and stores left at Hubbard's. A party of Federal troops, it was reported, had burned Arrington depot. Several days elapsed before the facts were ascer- tained.
Captain R. H. Phillips had remained at Hubbard's in charge of such stores as it was thought General Vaughan would not need, and with him were Anthony D. Wren, James H. Blackley, William D. Candler, and other employees. While they were waiting for their dinner on Satur- day, to their infinite astonishment a party of Federal cavalry burst upon them, having followed on their track across the mountain. The enemy dashed up with a shout, firing their pistols and demanding the surrender of the "rebels." Wren instantly fled, and escaped by con- cealing himself in an adjacent wheat field; the others surrendered at discretion. Boxes were hurriedly broken open and rifled, the house was set on fire, and in less than half an hour the enemy retired with their prisoners and plunder. The latter included many valuable papers and much jewelry. On account of his feeble physical condition at the time, James H. Blackley was turned loose on parole after a few days ; but Captain Phillips and William D. Candler were taken to Ohio and detained for many months in a military prison.
TRAVELS ABOUT HOME.
The most interesting part of Augusta county, in some respects, is the strip of country extending from the iron bridge across Middle river, on the Staunton and Churchville road, up the river to the mouth of Buffalo Branch, and up that stream and Dry Branch to their respective sources. Middle river is throughout its whole extent in Augusta. From its head spring, near Shemariah church, to its mouth, near Mount Meridian, is only about thirty-five miles; but the length of the stream, in its mean- derings, is not far short of a hundred miles. Beginning as a mountain rill, it broadens as it goes, and towards its mouth becomes a wide and beautiful river.
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On the west side of the river, a little beyond the bridge, on the Dud- ley farm, is what remains of an ancient artificial mound. It has been plowed over for many years, and is now nearly leveled. Human bones, pipes and stone arrow-heads have often been turned up. It is supposed that, before the arrival of white people in the Valley, a battle between Indians occurred at the spot, and that the slain were buried there.
Going up stream from the bridge referred to, for about two miles, the road crosses the river seven times. This region is thickly settled, farm houses being close together on both sides of the river. At several points cliffs arise from the margin of the channel, making the scene picturesque and specially attractive. In one of these cliffs, probably fifty feet from the base and about twenty-five feet from the top, there is a hole which looks like the entrance to a cavern. Of course a story has been invented to fit the hole. It is related that in early times, when Indians were about, a white man on horseback was pursued by savages, and dashing up to the top of the cliff, concealed himself in the hole, while his horse pitched over and was killed. An inspection of the place, however, shows conclusively that the incident as related could not have occurred.
But not far west of the cliff, on the north side of the river, the last massacre by Indians in the county took place. As supposed, it was on what has been known of late years as the Geeding farm, that John Trim- ble was killed, in October 1764, his dwelling burnt, and his son and step- daughter taken prisoners. A mile or more further westward stood then, as now, on the south side of the river, a stone house called the " Old Fort," or "Old Keller House," which was used in times of danger as a place of refuge by the people around. Why the Trimbles did not re- pair to this house is not known. At that very time, it is believed, the younger children of Alexander Crawford were sheltered there, and thus escaped the slaughter which befell their parents at their home. The older part of the stone house is in a state of dilapidation, the gable end having fallen out, but the rafters and other timbers are as sound as they were a hundred and twenty-five years ago.
The stone house stands in a bend of Middle river, which, coming from the south, there turns abruptly to the east. Just at the bend Buffalo Branch empties into the river. At any time when seen by the writer, it was a misnomer to call the former a branch or stream, as the bed was "dry as a bone." The broad channel, however, was full of well-worn river stones, and evidently a bold current flowed there at times. Rising in the Great North Mountain chain, at the foot of Elliott's Knob, the stream, fed by winter rains and melted snows in spring, flows through Buffalo Gap to join Middle River. For some eight months in the year the channel is full, and the water often raging, but during the summer and early fall it is usually dry as described.
A short distance west of the mouth of Buffalo Branch this stream is joined by Dry Branch. The latter rises in the Little North Mountain
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range, north of Buffalo Gap, and for a part of the year is a torrent, bu dries up in summer, as the former does.
Buffalo Branch and Dry Branch come together on land now ownec by Alexander B. Lightner, where Thomas Gardiner lived in 1,64, wher he was killed by Indians. South of this point, and quite near, is the highly improved farm of Theodore F. Shuey. And just there is the most beautiful mountain view to be found in the county. Buffalo Gat is seen in the southwest, a few miles off, the Little North Mountain opened down to its base, and beyond the cleft Elliott's Knob towers up to the clouds.
The excursionist, proceeding along the channel of Dry Branch west . ward to near the foot of Little North Mountain, will come to the spo. where Alexander Crawford and his wife were massacred in 1764.
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