USA > Virginia > Culpeper County > Culpeper County > Genealogical and historical notes on Culpeper County, Virginia > Part 6
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Mr. Slaughter in his report to the Convention in 1865, says-" Since the destruction of my church and the desecration of my home by Federal soldiers, I have spent my time in the army and in the hospitals, and in editing the ' Army and Navy Messenger,' a religious journal for our soldiers and sailors." The despoiled church at Culpeper has been restored by the aid of friends ; St. Paul's has been rebuilt by the kindness of Mr. Farish ; St. James has risen from the ashes at the bidding of Miss Wheatley and others ; hnt a few stones and a little grove of evergreens of second growth are all that mark the spot where onee stood a consecrated fane at the foot of Slaughter's Mountain. The wailing winds play requiems upon the evergreen harps of pine, and the birds singing sweetly among the branches, with responsive echoes, are now the on- ly choir which chants anthems, where onee young men and maidens, old men, and children, praised the name of the Lord. It is proper to say that Mr. Slaughter has declined contributions for rebuilding this church, in favor of other churches where the field promised a better harvest.
Whether this church shall rise again God only knows. His will be done ! If a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without his notice, unch less can a church perish by violence. If it rise not, then let the wailing winds still play its requiem, and the plaintive dove chant its funeral dirge.
After officiating on Christmas day, 1868, Mr. Cole was stricken by paraly- sis, and in a few days finished his career of forty years' service in the ministry, thirty-two of which were spent in St. Mark's Parish. Dr. Dalrymple, in his address at the Semi-Centenary of the Seminary, calls special attention to our obligations to Mr. Cole for his successful labors in addling to our emolument fund, and for his agency in proenring the charter for our Theological Semi-
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nary. He also records the following interesting incident, which we had heard from Mr. Cole's own lips :- At a convention many years ago, when the clergy and laity were assembled around the chancel at the close of the services on Sunday night, Bishop Moore called on Mr. Cole to raise a hymn. He obeyed by commencing:
The voice of free grace Cries, escape to the mountain.
It was caught up by Bishop, priest and people, singing jubilant at that sol- emn hour of night. Such was the origin of this time-honored custom of the Convention of Virginia.
Rev Mr. Cole married first, April 10th, 1855, Fanny E., daughter of John Thompson, of Culpeper,-children Fanny Meade, John Thompson, Thomas Willoughby and Carter Stanard : and married, second, Mrs. Conway, daughter of Wmn. Foushee. His second wife soon followed her husband to the tomb, dying without issue.
After what has been already said, Mr. Cole may be characterized in a few words. In all the relations of life he was a true man transparent as Dryden's ideal man, whose thoughts were as visible as the figured hours through the crystal of a clock. He was not what is called a popular preacher (a question- able compliment, since it too often implies the arts of the demagogue), and he had a true English hatred of all shams. He was a faithful and brave soldier of the Cross, not ashamed of the faith of Christ Crucified, but manfully fought under his banner unto his life's end. A fitting inscription upon his tomb would be these words: " He feared God-he had no other fear."
THE SUCCESSORS OF THE REV. MR. COLE.
Having now taken leave of the dead past, we stand in the presence of the living. We must be wary of our words, not only because (as Dr. Hawks said of Bishop Moore in his lifetime) we would not "shock the delicacy of living worth;" but because it will be the office of those who come after them and see after them and see their end, to mark their place in history. The only excep- tion to this rule we have already noted, we have no more active field-work to do.
The Rev. George W. Peterkin, who had been assisting his father at Rich- mond, took charge of St. Stephen's Church in June, 1869. In 1870 he reported an addition of 26 to the communion of 1868, which he found there at his com- ing. Sunday School more than doubled; sermons and addresses during the year 140, and 40 public catechisings. The Rev. Chas. Yancey Steptoe, who had been recently ordained, and had recently taken charge of Christ and St. Paul's churches, reported an accession of 18 to the communion, with 110 Sunday School teachers and scholars. Bishop Johns, in 1869, had consecrated Christ's Church, "which (he said) from its position supplied the place of two churches destroyed during the war. For this beautiful building we are indebted to the Christian sympathy of Miss E. A. Wheatley, formerly of Culpeper, now of Brook- lyn, New York. She provided the funds and furnished the plan. It stands in full view of the railroad, a pleasing memorial of the pious devotion of a lady who loved her people and built them a christian synagogue."
In 1871 Mr. Peterkin reported a handsome brick building at a cost of $1,- 669.40, raised on the credit of the vestry, and the organization of a church school for girls, under the charge of Mr. K. S. Nelson. Mr. Steptoe reports an addition of 21 to the communion of Christ and St. Paul's churches, and a con- tribution of $1215.23. In 1872 Mr. Peterkin reports an addition of 44 to the communion of St. Stephen's, a Sunday School of 200, and 3 teachers and 27
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scholars in church school. "During the past year (he says) the school has sus- tained itself, and become a recognized power in the parish. An important part of my work (he adds) during two years past, has been the restoration of an old colonial church, about twelve miles from Culpeper, in the Little Fork. $250 have been spent in necessary repairs, of which $100 was from the Bruce Fund. Congregations large, and 8 communicants at the old church." Mr. Steptoe reports the building of a rectory near Brandy Station for the use of Christ and St. Paul's Churches, at a cost of $2150, of which Christ's Church contributes $1005; St. Paul's, $450; Piedmont Convocation, $180; Miss Wheatley, $415, and Mr. Snter, of New York, $100. A steeple, bell, and other improve- have been added to Christ Church by our kind friend Miss Wheatley. In 1873 Mr. Peterkin reports 137 communicants, a Sunday school of 280, of whom 35 are colored children, 3 teachers and 39 scholars in the church school, which, he says, is so established and governed as to enabled the church to extend the blessing of Christian education among her people. Mr. Steptoe reports a church at Rapidan Station as nearly finished by our own efforts and the aid of friendly communicants at Christ and St. Paul's churches.
1874. Rev. James G. Minnegerode having succeeded Mr. Peterkin (who had taken charge of Memorial Church, Baltimore,) reports 145 communicants and a Sunday school of 282. Mr. Steptoe, for Christ, St. Paul's, and Emmian uel churches, reports 96 communicants and Sunday schools of 86, contribu- tions $1545.11, the consecration of Emmanuel Church by Bishop Johns on the 10th of December, 1973. " I officiated (he says) at Emmannel's two Sundays in the month, in the afternoon, until we were so fortunate as to secure the services of the Rev. Dr. Slaughter, as long as his health shall hold out. By the aid of Mr. J. Wimmer, Jr., as Lay Reader, he has been able to officiate on Sunday mornings." Dr. Slaughter himself says he has been inuch aided by the sympathy and co-operation of Mr. Steptoe and of the Bishop of Louisia- na, who spends some of the summer months here, and is always ready to help us with good words and works.
1876. PRESENT STATUS OF THE CHURCHES IN ST. MARK'S PARISH.
St. Stephen's Church, Rev. J. G. Minnegerode, Rector :- Communicants 170, Sunday school teachers and scholars 200, of whom 50 are colored.
Christ and St. Paul's Churches, Rev. C. Y. Steptoe, Rector :- Communi- cants; after substracting those transferred, 80.
The present writer officiates at Emmannel Church. Of his work there it does not become him to speak, except to say, that he deems it a privilege at this eleventh hour of his ministry to be permitted to do even a day's work in the vineyard. Communicants 36, the number having just trebled since the institution of regular services.
At the last Convention St. Mark's was again divided, and Ridley Parish taken out of its eastern side, by a line beginning at Jameson's Mill, on Mud- dy Run, with that Ran to Hazel (Eastham's) River, thence with that river to the Rappahannock river, with Rappahannock to the mouth of the Rapidan, up the Rapidan to the month of the Robinson, up the Robinson to Crooked Run.up that run to Wayland's Mill, thence to the top of Monnt Poney, thence to the beginning. The new parish includes Christ's, St. Paul's, and Em- manuel churches, and leaves to the now mutilated St. Mark's only St. Ste- phen's Church at Culpeper, and the old Centennial Brick Church in the Little Fork, the only representative in this parish of the Church of England in the " Colony and Dominion " of Virginia.
__. We have said in the text that we had not been able to fix the precise date
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of the building of St. Stephen's Church, Culpeper C. H. General Edward Stevens (the Revolutionary hero), who lived in the house now occupied by Mrs. Lightfoot in his will, recorded in August, 1820, "confirms his promise to give one acre of land in Fairfax" for an Episcopal church, one acre adjoining the village for a Presbyterian church, and one acre to Free Masons' Lodge of Fairfax adjoinging his family burying-ground for a cemetery. St. Stephen's was built between 1820 and 1823.
ST. THOMAS PARISH, ORANGE COUNTY.
This parish was cut off from St. Mark's in 1740, carrying James Barbour and Benjamin Cave, vestrymen, along with it. Before the separation St. Mark's had built a church, since known as the old Orange church, near Ruckersville, and a chapel where Robert Brooken now lives. There was also a chapel ordered at Bradley's or Batley's quarter, whose site was to have been fixed by Benjamin Cave. After the sep- aration, St. Thomas' vestry built the Pine Stake Church, near Raccoon Ford, on land originally patented by Francis Taliaferro; and a middle church below Orange C. H .. on land now owned by Erasmus Taylor. All trace of the Pine Stake Church is gone. The writer remembers in his boyhood to have been at a barbecue at the church spring. The middle church was of brick, and was well preserved as late as 1806. Some years later it shared the fate of many other old churches, which were assumed to be common property, and were torn down and carried off piece by piece. The gilt altar-piece, with other or- naments of the chancel, were attached to household furniture. The old cont- munion service, engraved with the name of the parish, given by the grand- mother of President Madison and other good women, has been recovered and is now in use.
Unhappily the old records of St. Thomas Parish have been lost, so that it is no longer possible to reproduce the chief early actors in it. The Rev. Mun- go Marshall was minister in 1753. There was once a tombstone over his grave, but that too was appropriated, and was used in a tannery to dress hides upon. In 1760 he was succeeded by the Rev. Win. Giberne. In 1761 the Rev. James Marye followed, and his first official act was the funeral sermon of the paternal grandmother of President Madison. In the family record it is said, "her funeral sermon was preached by Rev. J. Marye, jr., from Rev. 14 ch. 13 verse." In 1767-8 the Rev. Thomas Martin succeeded. He wasatutor of Pres- ident Madison, and lived for a time in the family at Montpelier. He was a broth- er of Gov. Martin of North Carolina. A letter from Mr. Madison to him express- ing a great respect and affection for his preceptor, may be seen in "Reves' Life and Times of Madison." Rev.John Burnett succeeded Martin about 1770,and was followed by Rev. John Wingate, the last of the colonial clergy, who being suspected of want of loyalty to Virginia, soon took his leave. The disloyal odor this man left behind him may have been the reason why the vestry, who were very patriotic (James Madison, the vestryman, was chairman of the Or- ange committee,) did not have another minister for twenty-three years, con- tenting themselves with occasional services by the Rev. Matthew Maury of Al- bemarle. The old churchwarden, Major Moore' buried the dead with the church service, and the Rev. Mr. Belmaine, while paying his court to Miss Lu- cy Taylor, and on his visits after his marriage, officiated. The; Rev. Henry Fry (Methodist) was sometimes called upon to preach, always preceding his sermons with the old church service (says Col. Frank Taylor in his diary.) In 1780 the vestry engaged the blind Presbyterian minister Mr. Waddell (whose eloquence has been so glorified and transfigured by the genius of Mr. Wirt) to
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officiate for them once a month in the Brick (Middle) Church, and gave him 60 pounds. Mr. O'Neil was the minister from 1790 to about 1800. In 1809-11 the Rev. Hugh C. Boggs officiated at Orange C. H. and the Pine Stake Church, which was standing as late as 1813.
This brings us to the time when the minister from Culpeper began services in Orange, of which an account will be found in the body of this work. The church at Orange C. H. is modern, having been built in 1833-34. The history of the services of the Messrs. Jones, Earnest, Davis, Carson, and Hansbroughi, are within the knowledge of those now living, and need not be reproduced here; it not being within the scope of this book to give more than a brief sketch of Bromfield and St. Thomas, as having been originally within the bounds of St. Mark's Parish.
Col. Frank Taylor's diary enables one to forin a life-like conception on the animated social circle of which Orange C. H. was the centre from 1786 to 1799. The circle embraced Montpelier, Coleman's Springs, Clark's Mountain, and parts of Culpeper and Madison counties. The persons who figured in it were Col. Frank Taylor, James Taylor (Clerk of the County,) Dr. Ch. Taylor, the family physician, and Erasmus, Robert, John, and other Taylors, whose name is legion. Col. Thomas Barbour and his brother James, James Barbour, Jr .. Dr. Thomas Barbour, Richard Barbour-Ambrose, Gabriel, Philip, son of Thomas; Philip, son of Ambrose; and another Philip Barbour. Major Moore, Robert, John, and William Moore, and many more. Col. James Madison, Sr., Col. Jas., Jr., (President), Ambrose, William, Catlett, and other Madisons. Crump, Charles, Ben and Abner Porter. William and R. B. Morton, Andrew Shepherd, Sr. & Jr. John and Alexander Shepherd. A whole chime of Bells- John, William, Thomas, and Charles. Col. Lawrence, Hay, Frank, and William Taliaferro. Capt. Catlett, Frank, John Catlett, Jr., and Henry Conway. Col. James Pendleton, Nat., Henry, John, Bowie, Philip, and countless other Pendletons, chiefly from Culpeper. Capt. William and Francis Dade. Andrew and John Glassell, Reuben Smith, James and John Walker, Zachary, Robert, aud John Burnley, and Isaac and John Wil- liams, and Samuel Slaughter. Divers Alcockes, Lees, and Gibsons, &c., &c. Among the young Ladies were Lucy, Sally, and Fanny Barbour; Nancy, Sally, Betsy, Patsy, Lucy, and Polly Taylor; Franky Alexander, Milly and Polly Glassell, Hanna Watkins, Lucy Gaines; Mary, Betsy, Sally, and Suky Conway; Fanny, Elizabeth, Joanna, and two Katies Pendleton; Sally. Betsy, and Judy Burnley; Sally, Nelly, Elizabeth, and Frances Madison; Fan- ny and Polly Moore, the Misses Gilbert, Sally Throgmorton, the Misses Chew, &c., &c. And then there was an almost continuous influx of visitors, chiefly from Spotsylvania, Caroline, and Culpeper, and a stream of travellers to and from Kentucky by way of Culpeper, Winchester, and Red Stone in Mononga- lia.
These people seem to have had a gay time-dining parties of twenty-five to thirty from house to house; quilting parties, winding up with a dance ; balls at Sanford's, Bell's, and Alcocke's hotels in the winter, varied with hare, fox, and wolf-hunting, especially when Major Willis and Hay Taliaferro came up with twenty honuds. In the summer they had fish-fries and barbecues at Dade's Mill, Waugh's Ford, Wood's Spring, Leathers' Spring, and Herndon's Spring. Col. Taylor seems never to have missed an election ; he always re- cords the names of the candidates for office and the number of votes for each. He brings before us Mr. Madison as candidate for Congress, Assembly and Convention, addressing the people in defence of the Constitution, to which the ignorant were opposed. He is said to have spoken from the steps of the
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old Lutheran Church, now in Madison, with the people standing in the snow, and the cold so intense that the orator's ears were frost-bitten. He records the votes for General Stevens of Culpeper as Presidential Elector, for French Strother for Senator, and for Tom Barbour and C. Porter for Assemby. He tells us about vestry meetings which elected Tom Barbour and William Moore deputies to the Convention ; of Col. Oliver Towles, Wm. Wirt, Robert Tay- lor, &c., pleading at the bar. We see the ladies shopping at Lee's, and Shep- herd's, and Taylor's, and Wilson's stores, and the men playing at the five bat- teries. Weddings too seem to have been more common than now. Under the date of January 1786 he says: Wm. Madison and the ladies have just returned from the marriage of Mordecai Barbour and Miss Strode. 27th March, 1787, large company at J. Taylor's, at the marriage of Tom Barbour and Mary Tay- lor, by Rev. Mr. Stevenson. July 1st, at the marriage of John Bell and Judy Burnley, and then he varies the scene by saying: "Went to church 2d Dec., and Mr. Waddell told the people that he had heard that it would be agreeable to them for him not to attend here again till March, and he would not." 1788, 24th March, election for Convention :- James Madison 202 votes, James Gordon 187, C. Porter 34. Madison's election gave great satisfaction. May 14th, 1788, James Madison, Jr, at Goodlet's school examining the boys. The next marri- age, Nov. 10th, 1789, Archy Tutt to Caty Pendleton, of Culpeper; Dec. 8th. John Stevens married to Polly Williams of Culpeper; 1790, then comes the marriage of Thos. Macon and Sally Madison, and on the5th of Sept., R. Williamson and Caty Pendleton, Oct. 10th, John Harrison and Sally Bar- bour; Dec. 11th, Henry Bell and Betsy Alcocke. 1791, Ch. Porter died. April 27th, James Blair and Nelly Shepherd. 29th, July, John Bell, of Culpeper, died. B. Wood married Miss Porter. May 3d, Henry Fitzhugh and Betsy Con- way. Nov., Wm. Dade and Mrs. Sarah Dade. Nov. 29th, Joshua Fry married Kitty Walker. 1794, James Madison married Mrs. Todd. . July 19th, Erasmus Taylor died, eighty-three years old. 29th, Col. Thomas Barbour's wife died. 1795, May 18th, Mrs. Sarah Thomas died, eighty-four years of age. James Bar- bour, Jr., married Lucy Johnson. Dec., James Bell married Hannah Gwatkin. 22d, James Taylor, Jr., married Fanny C. Moore. Thos. Bell (Courthouse) married Sally Burnley. John Walker (son of James) married Lucy Wood, of Madison. 1796, Feb. 5th, Fortunatus Winslow married Polly Alcocke. D. Turner married Miss E. Pendleton, of Caroline. March 2d, James Coleman (Springs) and Thos. Bell died. 5th, Henry Pendleton married Elizabeth Pen- dleton, of Culpeper. 22d, Col. Richard Barbour married Polly Moore. 23d, Thos. Scott, of Madison, died. 26th, Col. T. Moore died. Mrs. Alcocke, form- erly Mrs. Dr. Walker, died. Nov. 16th, Adam Darby married Betsy Shepherd. Dec. 3d, Reuben Smith married Milly Glassell. 19th, Anthony Buck married Mary Shepherd. 1797, March 14th, Baldwin Taliaferro married Ann Spots- wood, of New Post. 16th, Hay Taliaferro married Suckey Conway, and my son and daughter went to the wedding-the horses ran away and they did not get back. Nov. 19th, Ambrose Macon married Miss Thomas. Dec. 7th, Champ Porter married a daughter of John Alcocke. Wm. Mallory married Mary Gib- son. 1798, March 12th, Rev. Mr. O'Neil and Phil. Barbour (son of Thomas) came here this morning. Mr. ()'Neil had been to Tom Barbour's to marry T. Newman and Lucy Barbour, 1799, Jan. 8th, large company at James Taylor's, at the marriage of Thomas Crutchfield, and Col. James Barbour came home with me. G. Terrill had petition to Assembly for bridge at Barnett's Ford.
The churches in St. Thomas Parish are St. Thomas, Orange Courthouse, Rev. John S. Hansbrough, Rector, who reported in 1876 eighty six communi- cants.
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Christ Church, Gordonsville, Rev. F. G. Scott, Rector, communicants (1876) forty-six.
BROMFIELD PARISH.
Bromfield was cut off fromn St. Mark's by Act of Assembly in 1752. The dividing line has been marked in the body of this work. Its western bounda- ry starts from John Spotswood's corner on Crooked Run (near Wayland's Mill) and runs north by east to the junction of White Oak Run with the Rappahan- nock River: thus including what is now Madison and Rappahannock Counties. and a small section of Culpeper. Bromfield, after this date, had its ministers, vestries, and records, of which there is now scarcely a trace. In the absence of such registers, I can only reconstruct the history of this parish with the few materials gleaned from different and distinct sources. The very name has been recently and unconsciously changed into Bloomfield, in which form it ap- pears on the Journals of Convention ever since 1833,except in 1839 when it was represented by Jno. F. Conway, who restored the right name. After this one effort to recover its historical name, it relapsed into Bloomfield, and has been so called ever since. Even Bishop Meade calls it " Old Bloomfield Parish." The word is Saxon, and means Broomfield. Perhaps this is the origin of what we call in Virginia a broom-straw or broom sedge field. However applicable the term may have been to the lower part of the parish (the Piney Woods). BLOOMFIELD is more descriptive of the Piedmont portion, which had not then been developed. Let us hope that the lost name may be restored for history's sake.
We know the names of at least two of the old vestrymen of Bromfield. Martin Nalle and Ambrose Powell, who in 1754 negotiated with the vestry of St. Mark's about running the dividing line between the old and the new par. ish. Henry Field and Philip Clayton had been ordered in 1752 to attend the surveyor in running these lines. The courses threw " Tennant's Church " and the church in the Fork of Devil's Run and to Hazel River into Bromfield Parish. Later in the century there was a church at F. T., so called from the initials of Frank Thornton being cut on an oak tree near the spring, that be- ing a corner in his survey. There was also a church not far from the present site of Washington, near where Frank Slaughter now lives.
The first minister of Bromfield probably was the Rev. Adamn Menzies, who had been a respectable schoolmaster, for I find in the "Fulham MSS." that he was licensed for Virginia, and his name is set down in 1754-5 as minister of Bromfield. There was also a James Herdman (1775), some of whose books are now in my possession (Sherlock's, Secker's, and Atterbury's sermons), which were bought in Rappahannock as the remnant of an old English parson's Ji- brary. The late Samuel Slaughter, who died about 1857, in his 90th year, said that he, in his boyhood, went to school to a Rev. Mr. Harrison. minister of Bromfield. Thomas, great-grandson of Burr Harrison, of Chippawamsie (who was baptized at Westminster in December, 1637, and was the first of the family in Virginia), was the father of the late Philip Harrison of Richmond, and of Mrg. Freeman, mother of Mrs. McCoy, of Culpeper. In 1790 there was a min- ister named Iredell who officiated at the South Church, four miles below Mad- ison C. H. He was followed by O'Neil, an athletic Irishman, who believed in what Hudibras calls "Apostolic blows and knocks" more than in the Apostolic succession. He was a disciple of Soloman and never "spoiled the child by sparing the rod." He suspended them upon a stout negro's back when head- ministered the flagellations. He taught school near the Pine Stake Church, in the family of Colonel Taliaferro, and also in Madison
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The late Judge Barbour and the Hon. Jere and Dr. Geo. Morton were among his pupils, and retained a lively recollection of his discipline. The memory of that mother in Israel. Mrs. Sarah Lewis, already referred to went back to O'Neil's time. The Rev. J. Woodville made occasional excursions to these churches, when vacant, and the Lutheran minister, Mr. Carpenter, baptized and buried the Episcopalians when without a pastor.
The leading Episcopal families who adhered to the church of their fathers through evil as well as good report, were, the Lewises, Burtons, Vawters, Caves, Gibbs, Strothers, Thorntons, Barbours, Conways, Gibsons, Pannills, Gaines and Beales. The last name reminds me that Reuben Beale was a Lay Delegate to the first Convention in 1789 and 1793. After the revival of the church in the Rev. Mr. Lamon's time (1834-5), when there were large accces- sions to its communion, the ministers have been the Rev. A. H. Lamon, deceas- ed, Wm. T. Leavell, John Cole, deceased, R. T. Brown of Maryland, Joseph Earnest deceased, Rev. Dr. Shield, of Louisville, Ky., Wm. H. Pendleton, de- ceased, J. G. Minnegerode, of Culpeper, Rev. Mr. Wroth of Baltimore, with occasional services by other clergymen. There is a church at Madison C. H., which in 1834, had forty communicants, whose names are now before me,a church at Woodville, and one at Washington. These churches have been so depleted by emigration to the south and west and by infrequent and intermittent ser- vices, that they are hardly able to stand alone, and are now (Dec. 1876) like sheep scattered on the mountains, without a shepherd.
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