USA > Virginia > King and Queen County > King and Queen County > King and Queen County, Virginia (history printed in 1908) > Part 12
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" July 5th, Court day .- An address by Major B. B. Douglass. Capt. Haynes fell on the Courthouse green with apoplexy and died. He was much loved, having begun life as a school-teacher. Heard to-night of death of Wm. F. Pendleton, of King and Queen, in Wash- ington City. He had lived an eventful life, belonged to the army and to the State Council; a vain man, as- suming great influence in affairs of State and nation, claimed to know all the celebrities, and could entertain one by the hour. Clay and Webster frequently con- sulted him.
"Sat., May 4, 1861 .- Col. J. R. Bagby, who re- turned to Baltimore last Tuesday to look after his goods, got back yesterday. He went from Richmond to Bal- timore on steamer Geo. Peabody. She was stopped at Old Point by an officer from Cumberland, but finally allowed to proceed. Returned on steamer Adelaide, but she was compelled to drop her passengers at Pt. He managed to get to Norfolk, thence to Richmond, and home. His goods were shipped by a Baltimore steamer, and got there safely.
"May 7, Regimental Muster .- Large attendance, 2 Co.'s organized and officers elected. May 10, the old men organized a Home Guard. Col. John Pollard, Capt., T. N. Fogg and J. N. Gresham, Lts. [Col. P. afterwards declined; Rev. R. H. Bagby, D. D., was made Capt. and served through war.]
"May 23, 1861 .- Vote taken on ratifying ordinance of Secession. Not a negative vote in the county.
" May 24 .- Home Guard met and fully organized. I am in the squad of J. N. Gresham, R. H. and A. Bagby, etc. Troops rapidly coming into Richmond.
May 25 .- Union troops occupied Alexandria. Our army at Manassas, 15 miles away. Col. Ellsworth killed by Jackson.
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" May 26 .- Dr. Sampson of Washington came down to help ordain J. Pollard, but as certain parties objected to his acting, he passed on to Richmond.
" May 27 .- A Military Company organized and drilled. Many present.
" May 29 .- Everyone in the neighborhood helping to fix up soldiers for the war, and everyone present to say good-bye. Refreshments served at the School House, Stevensville, also religious services by Revs. Land and Diggs.
" May 30 .- Company marched to Mantapike to take ship, the writer with them. Band struck up Dixie as the schooner moved off. Capt., J. R. Bagby; Ist. Lieut., Josiah Ryland, Jr .; 2d Lieut., A. F. Bagby; 3d, J. Ryland, Sr .; 4th, Benj. Walker; Ist Sergt., W. T. Haynes, etc." [A roster of this company will be found in its place.] "They numbered 84 in all. Reached West Point, and it was amusing to see the boys make first attempt to cook supper. We found at West Point the Taylor Grays, New Kent artillery and infantry; Bagby's company changed to infantry.
"June 5 .- Went down to Pt. and found Co. on parade. Quite a number of men have been sick, caused, I think, by water.
"June 10 .- Went to C. H. to witness departure of the Carlton Store Rifle Co .- Capt. N. B. Street, J. R. Howser, J. W. Hundley, and Jas. Hart, Lts.
"June 12 .- Hear that a battle has been fought at Bethel Ch., York Co., some 150 Yankees killed. Our loss, one killed, five or six wounded.
"July 23 .- Papers bring particulars of a great and glorious battle near Manassas-Federals completely routed by Genls. Beauregard & Johnston.
" Oct. 23 .- Prices : Coffee 30c, sugar 15 and 20c, powder $4 per lb., sole leather 75 and 8oc.
"Oct. 24 .- Housewives getting yarn for carpets and dresses for servants and children.
" Nov. 20 .- Richmond City crowded. Men from every Southern State.
"Dec. 25 .- Mrs. T. W. L. Fauntleroy and Wm. H. Courtney died. No gaieties this Christmas.
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" March 7, 1862 .- Forts Henry and Donelson in Tenn. have been captured by the Yankees.
" March 11 .- News of naval fight in Hampton Roads, between ironclad Virginia and a fleet of U. S. Ships. The ironclad acquitted herself with great credit.
" March 21 .- In Richmond. Salt $10 per bushel, Bacon 25c, brown sugar 25c, sole leather goc to $1. Visited Confederate Senate but was not favorably im- pressed. They did not seem to be sensible of their responsibilities, disputing about their pay. Stonewall Jackson on the scene.
" April 3 .- A meeting of our people at the Court House, and it was unanimously resolved under no cir- cumstances to take the oath to the U. S. Government.
" April 8 .- At Gloucester Point, spent night at Hickory Fork.
" April 10 .- Went over to Yorktown. Visited Fort Magruder. While leaning over parapet, heard the whistle of the first Yankee bullet. Presently they were coming too fast to be pleasant. A soldier said : ‘Gentle- men, you had better not expose yourselves; a man has just been killed down the line.' Witnessed for the first time the firing of a cannon, a 12-lb. rifled gun fired by Capt. T. J. Page; directed at a battery being erected by Yankees some two miles away. Shell did not reach battery. In a short time, walking down the line we saw the dead soldier, shot in the neck; struck the carotid artery,-a sad, solemn sight. Enemy had occupied a peach orchard some five or six hundred yards from our line-a heavy chestnut railed fence in front. I could distinctly see them run under cover and presently fire at our men.
" Apr. II .- Returned to Yorktown with Josiah and Chas. Ryland and C. Brown of Mathews. Capt. Car- ter's Art Co. had arrived from King Wm. Met Lieut. Robt. Ryland and others. Enemy's sharpshooters con- cealed in peach orchard annoying, two regiments drove them out, and the trees were cut down and defences burned.
" Apr. 13 .- Dined with Capt. Councill's mess to-day.
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Particulars of battle of Shiloh. In evening attended a very pleasant prayer meeting in Capt. Bagby's tent.
Apr. 14 .- Visited K. & Q. Cav. Met Mrs. Dix, Archy Harwood, Tom. Tyler, Watson, Walker, T. R. Gresham, and Capt. Todd. Steamers and gunboats be- low throwing shells. Presently came in range of our battery; Capt. Page gave them a shot from a rifle gun. One of their shells fell in parade field and I got a piece of it.
" Apr. 15 .- Heard the boom of a cannon and whis- tling of shell, another and then another,-continued all day.
" Apr. 16 .- Yankees still shelling all night last night. Returned home.
" May 3 .- Orders to evacuate Yorktown and Gloucester Pt.
"May 5 .- Mr. John Bagby and I sent wagon to help troops along with provisions-found them camped this side Mill at C. H. The soldiers seemed very grate- ful. They left G. P. Sat. night.
" May 6 .- Met advance of column at Mantapike swamp-some came by Mattapony, some on River road,-met them again at St. Stephen's.
" May 7 .- Alarm that Yankee gunboats were at C. H. and Mantapike. Went down the road towards M. and saw steamer with flag as she turned down river. If a Yankee soldier should reach my house sick, I should feel bound to give him shelter and relieve his wants.
" June 5 .- News of battle Seven Pines.
"June 7 .- On Sat., 31st May, our Stevensville Co., being part of a battalion,-Col. Otey, J. R. Bagby, Maj.,-Genl. Rhodes's brigade, were marched out, as they supposed, to do picket duty. Marching two miles, they were ordered to strip and prepare for battle. About 12 o'clock came upon Yankee outpost and drove it in. Emerging into a field of nearly one mile, they faced an intrenchment with a triangular redoubt, a deep ditch in front and 6 field pieces mounted. Our company, commanded by 2d Lt. Jos. Ryland (Alex- ander Bagby sick), charged in splendid style, waded the ditch waist-deep in water, drove the enemy from his
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guns, and turned them upon him. Soon they charged the enemy a second time in a thick wood. They re- tired presently to intrenchments and held them. The Co. acted most nobly. Capt. B. (now Major) mounted the breastworks, and taking off his hat waved his men on. He lost five men killed on the field and two dead since; Saml. Hoomes, Jas. Courtney, Bacon, Cornelius Pines, Jas. Butter, John Chilton, R. C. Hart, Kelly, Tom. Myrick, Valvin Legar, B. P. Sale, Benoni Carl- ton (severely wounded), Wm. H. Meyer (died after), Bolivar Lumpkin, J. W. Ryland, Mclellan, G. Prince, Shallen Sale, J. W. Walton, John Wilroy, John H. Gresham, Sam Dollins, John Crossfield, and J. L. Cosby, wounded.
Col. Otey was killed. Capt. Bagby's horse killed under him. They captured a large amount of stores, two hundred tents, wagons, small arms, 28 or 30 can- nons, 800 prisoners, among them a wagon loaded with lemons. Yankees afterwards claimed a glorious vic- tory.
"June II .- Very cool and cloudy-reinforcements going up constantly to McClellan.
" June 18 .- Hear of a cavalry reconnoissance in rear of Mcclellan by Genl. Stuart; came round Hanover C. H., encountered enemy near Old Church, killed a num- ber, destroyed great deal of stores, captured 175 prison- ers and lost only one man killed, the gallant Capt. Wm. Latane. Returning they swam the Chickahominy and constructed a rude bridge for heavy guns. News comes too of splendid victories by Jackson in Valley. A few negroes escaped to the enemy. Prices: Sugar 65c, coffee $2, gaiter shoes $12, boots $30, chickens $I to $1.50, eggs $1. Cabbage 75c, salt 25 to 50c 1b. We used parched corn, wheat, rye, and sweet potatoes for coffee.
"June 30 .- Jackson is certainly in rear of Mc- Clellan, while Genl. Lee presses him back. Jackson has been at White House.
"July 1 .- Tuesday. About 10 o'clock heavy firing to about 9. It was awful, even to listen to.
"July 3 .- Crossed at Walkerton. Went to Mrs.
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Sutton's and crossed Pamunkey en route to Richmond .- Dr. G. W. Pollard's at night near Hanover Town. Sam Roane has been killed, Friday evening. He was a very fine man."
We subjoin extracts from diary of private W. S. Courtney of Company G, 26th Regt., and from let- ters written by him during the war:
"I again head my letter in old Virginia, having been in the State one week to-morrow. When I got to Hick's Ford, Greenville County, the Yankees took pos- session of the railroad between us and Petersburg so that the train could go no further. We had to guard the bridge there and sent Captain Street's and nine other companies of the . 59th Virginia to guard the bridge over Nottoway. The Yankees attacked them with a great force, and a fierce engagement succeeded, leaving us in possession of the field. Our loss was one killed, six wounded and five taken prisoners. Ben Boughton was killed and Wm. Smither wounded. At this writing I am about four miles from Petersburg. I. am tolerably well clad for a soldier. There is no chance of my getting home before the Yankees are cleaned up. As I do not desire to say anything about our move- ments, I must close."
The next is dated Elmira, N. Y .: "Dear mother, I received your letter of 24th Aug. I am a prisoner of war. I am very well. We have lost two of our boys since we came here-James Cardwell and Bob Seward. Frank Marshall was killed and so was John Seward. Wm. Jackson is here, and Wm. Carlton. Tell Mrs. Guthrie Ben is here. I have gotten a suit of clothes since I came here. Would like very much to hear from the Co., and hope I shall be with them again .- W. S. C."
Extracts from a diary by the same soldier, beginning September 14, 1863, and running to July 15, 1865 :
" We left Burton's Farm near Petersburg for Charles- ton, S. C., Sept. 14th. Got to Petersburg same day, left 15th for Weldon, and that evening left for Wil- mington. Reached Wilmington on 16th; on guard that day. 17th passed Florence, S. C., and reached Charles-
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ton 18th, camped two miles from the city. There we stayed until Feb. 9th, 1864, when we left camp for John's Island. Had a brush with the enemy there on the IIth, in which Lieut. A. P. Bird and Geo. W. Cardwell were wounded. I was covered up by the ex- plosion of a shell. Left Johnson's Island 13th. 23d Feby. left camp for Florida and reached Savannah 24th. Visited Forts Brown and Bartow. Left Savannah 27th, passed through Valdosta, and camped on the Withla- cochy River. Got to Madison, Florida, March Ist. Passed by Lake City on the 2d, Baldwin the 3d, and got to Camp Milton same day. Left the 2d of March and got to Waldo the 4th; left on the 5th and came back to Camp Milton on the same day. April 17th left for Charleston, S. C., reached Quitman 2Ist, passed Valdosta and got to Savannah 22d, passed Camp Wapoo and got to James Island on the 23d. May 4th left for Virginia, got to Wilmington 5th, passed through Goldsboro and got to Hicksford the 7th, left the Ioth and reached Petersburg 11th, spending the night in the city. Camped there 12th until the 15th, and reached Ware Bottom Church, fighting with the enemy, on the 17th. Adolphus Gibson was killed on 16th. Brushes with the enemy on 18th, 19th & 20th of May, and on the 2d of June Ed. Tuttle wounded. Left Ware Bottom on I Ith and got to Petersburg same day; camped on Jordan's Farm, two miles from town, where we had a great fight on 15th June, in which I was captured. I was taken to General B. Smith's head- quarters, and from there to General Butler's head- quarters, and on the 16th was put on a boat, reaching Old Point the 18th, and got to Point Lookout on the 19th. 27th July left on a boat and reached New York 28th. Reached Elmira, N. Y., June 29th [1864]. Left Elmira for home July 11th, 1865, passed through Baltimore and got home 15th July, 1865."
In a letter to the author, dated Little Plymouth, April 14, 1903, Mr. Courtney says : " Find enclosed the two old army letters. I had promised them to the Confederate Museum. I have just read them again, and I could not keep back the tears. My heart goes
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out yet to the Lost Cause, and swells with emotions I cannot utter. I feel like I was parting with a dear friend. They bring back before me so vividly the days that tried my soul."
An amusing incident under circumstances solemn and impressive : In May, 1861, Company K, Capt. Bagby, 34th Virginia, was drawn up in line, about to start to the front-some of them never to see home again. As they stood in line on the schoolhouse lot at Stevensville, a crowd of friends and relatives were present to say good-bye. Among others, a most estimable Christian woman passed down the line shaking hands, with a word of cheer for each one, while the sternest faces were moved and eyes suffused with tears. Presently she grasped the hand of a half-witted fellow named B. C., and said, " If God be for us, who can be against us ? " "Nobody but the Yankees, madam," answered the soldier.
DIARY OF CIVIL WAR, BY DR. B. H. W. 1862
July 5-6 .- After an early breakfast visit Camp of 26th Va., and from there to the forts of Chaffin's Bluff,-seemingly very strong, made of heavy beams IOX12 inches, and on them nailed oak planks 4 inches thick, and then come plates of iron 2 inches thick, and the same reversed; shots strike at an acute angle and glance over. Also earthworks and rifle pits. Sent for to see John H. Gresham,-wounded by a ball in the calf of the leg.
7th .- Visit camp of 55th Va., thence to Mechanics- ville, and Ellerson's Mill. Yankee fortifications very strong. Our men advanced to attack across a field swept by artillery, then down a hill and across a boggy meadow in which trees had been felled, then had to ascend a hill two hundred yards before reaching in- trenchments. This was the scene of the fights of Thurs- day and Friday, June 26th and 27th.
8th .- Met Major Bagby in the road, he being at home on furlough, who told me that eleven Yankee
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cavalry had passed Stevensville going to Walkerton. We arranged at once to capture them-I to go by Dickie's Bridge and Butler's Tavern, he to follow after them to Garnett's mill. I reached Walkerton and found several men already there, including Mordecai Cooke, eight in all. In half an hour a Yankee lieutenant rode up with five men, inquiring for the ferryboat (they had come up for the purpose of destroying boats on the river) ; but the ferryboat had been taken down the river and hid. The Yankees had reported a regiment coming on behind them. All at once the lieutenant entered at the front door, we being in the counting-room in rear. My gun was lying on the counter between us. I caught it up and demanded his surrender; he stooped under the counter, and suddenly springing up caught hold of the gun and we scuffled over it. William Turner then came up behind and shot him with a pistol; he ran out at the front door and just then Alfred Gwath- mey shot him with a load of buckshot. He ran up the road towards the mill; we called upon the four Yankees remaining to surrender, but they began firing upon us; several of them were wounded and one killed, all the rest mounted horses and fled.
Meantime Major Bagby had encountered a squad of the enemy at Mantua Gate, killing one; one escaped, and the rest were captured. I started to Richmond at once to secure help. General Lee gave me an order for Colonel Goode to go down with a regiment of cavalry.
14th .- Entering Richmond I had an interview with General Lee. I never met a man who more completely won my heart,-unaffected and simple, no stiffness or bluntness. He said that as soon as he could arrange matters he would send us help; that it was the duty of every man to be in the army if possible, for we had everything to lose. The enemy conducted the war upon barbarous principles. In their retreat from Richmond they had destroyed everything in their reach, even things necessary to their own sick and wounded. So much General Lee.
28th .- Mistress Mary E. Gresham died this morn-
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ing, leaving three children, one an infant. Her sister, Mistress John N. Gresham, took the baby, Mistress B. Carlton the oldest, and R. H. Bagby the middle one (Andrew).
Sept. 4th .- Hear to-day that Jackson has got in the rear of Pope's army causing immense destruction; and when Longstreet came forward and rejoined him they inflicted tremendous losses on the Union army.
13th .- Prices: Coffee $2.00, Salt 35 to 50 cents, Boots $35.00 to $40.00, Ladies' Gaiters $12.00 to $20.00, Spun Cotton $69.00 per bale, Pine $1.50 to $2.00, Calico $1.25 to $1.50, Sugar 75 cents to $1.00, Tobacco $1.00 to $2.00, Bacon 50 to 60 cents.
16th .- Twelve soldiers came here this evening to stay all night. All belonged to " Holcombe Legion " of South Carolina. They are named in honor of Mrs. Governor Pickens, who was Lucy Holcombe. I met her some years ago at Old Point.
26th .- Christopher Brown with a drove of cattle and sheep stopped here to-day. He is carrying them to Ayletts for the Governor.
27th .- Hear of the death of Dr. Geo. William Pol- lard of Ayletts, a most valuable and estimable citizen; also James Christian, and Thos. Bagby, a son of Mr. Travis Bagby.
Oct. 3d .- Dr. J. M. Evans arrived here from Richmond bringing the body of Mr. Pratt Smith, a son of Mr. Frank Smith, of Covington, Ky. He came to Virginia at the beginning of the war and joined William Christian's company. Mr. Smith was wounded in the right side in the battle of Manassas; was removed to Warrenton, where he had camp fever. Mason at his urgent request went up to Warrenton and brought him down to Richmond, hoping to be able to get him to Middlesex. He died, however, between Richmond and this place. We buried him at Hamstead, the old family home in Middlesex.
8th .- Dick B. and his wife came down from Peters- burg bringing us a barrel of sugar worth about $200.00. IIth .- Some wagons from the lower part of Gloucester, belonging to Dick Hoard and loaded with
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wheat, passed going up to Richmond. Wheat is worth there from $3.00 to $4.00 per bushel.
14th .- Am hauling my sugar cane (sorghum) to Tom Henley's to be made into molasses. He charges one-half for making. He invented a mill with which he can make fifteen gallons a day, and if he had more boilers could make much more. An ox-cart load makes about six gallons, and it is selling at the mill for $3.00 per gallon.
15th .- Last night two men from Gloucester brought a negro man named Coleman belonging to Mr. John Bagby, and a man and his wife belonging to R. H. Land. They were trying to get to Yorktown.
30th .- Mr. William Beckwith, formerly of Gloucester, but lately of Florence, Ala., dined here. He once belonged to the Fourth Alabama regiment, but was discharged on account of ill health; has been to Gloucester to visit old friends. Was in the first battle of Manassas, in the seven days' fight around Richmond, and in second Manassas; his clothes were pierced again and again, but he has not received a scratch other- wise.
3Ist .- Heard of the death of cousin Mary Peachy Pollard, wife of Dr. George William Pollard. She was a woman of rare accomplishments and great beauty. Her health, however, was delicate. Her heart and soul and hands have all been engaged in allaying the troubles and pains of soldiers. The Yankees have been often in her house, but she always maintained her dig- nity and independence, demanded protection, and omit- ted no occasion to express her devotion to the South. She thus greatly helped her husband in saving his prop- erty.
Nov. 4th .- To-day elections are held in New York and some eight other States north. Between the Demo- crats and Abolitionists at the North is as between the Devil and the deep blue sea-that is, one is about as bad as the other; for the Democrats even wish to force us back into the Union. An effort was made to-day in a public meeting to raise money to buy shoes and other comforts for our suffering soldiers. Mr. Jos. Ryland
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led in the effort, and proposed to be one of twenty to raise $1000.00 each. There were seven pledges.
6th .- Last night a gunboat came up to Mantapike and lashed to the wharf. Some one going to Rich- mond had been stalled on a hill near by, and hearing the noise, the captain of the boat thought it prudent to take to his heels. They made a most precipitate retreat down the river, apparently thinking the enemy was upon them.
Ioth .- A very heavy frost and considerable ice. Mr. Oliver White dines with us to-morrow.
2 Ist .- Up to Richmond with R. H. B. While here I learned that Misses Nancy and Baldwin Hill, daugh- ters of the late Baylor Hill, together with Miss Lizzie Haynes of this county, daughter of the late Captain Haynes, have given themselves most nobly to the work of helping sick and wounded soldiers. They deserve a monument. Visit camp, return home to-morrow. The President calls for men between the age of thirty-five and forty to join the army. There are very few left in the county. Congress has exempted magistrates, wheelwrights, millers, doctors of five years' practice, also clerks, sheriffs, commissioners, and those who have charge of twenty negroes.
22d .- My wife has had woven three hundred and sixty yards of cloth of all kinds during the year to clothe ourselves and the negroes. I had no idea that so much was required. It becomes now quite a burden. Dec. Ist .- (Monday. ) Yesterday and to-day peo- ple with their families were passing on their way to Richmond, among them Doctor Walker Jones and Richard Hoard. Sold my wheat to Ryland & Carlton for $2.00 per bushel.
2d .- Encountered in the road to-day a drove of sixty-three hogs being brought from Mathews County and taken to Richmond. This drove will probably bring from three thousand to four thousand dollars. It is rumored in the papers that France has proposed to England and Russia jointly to offer mediation to the U. S. and the Confederate States, but England and Russia decline to act.
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4th, Thursday .- Salt is a scarce article, and much of what we have is indifferent. The salt made from water in the Chesapeake Bay down in Mathews has been tried and keeps meat very well.
5th .- Confederate bonds bearing 8% int. are in de- mand, and bring a small premium.
6th .- Called to see my old friend, G. W. Quarles, and found him very ill with pneumonia. Poor fellow ! he passed away during the night; unfortunately he died as he had lived, without preparation.
7th .- Thermometer down to twenty degrees.
9th .- Some people getting out.
Ioth .- For eighteen months or more now we have been holding interdenominational prayer-meetings at the various churches around. We had to-day a faith- ful and touching exhortation from R. H. B. on the great importance of uniting effort with our prayers. These meetings are sometimes very interesting and im- pressive.
IIth .- Attended to-day the sale of Samuel H. Roane's property, which sold at high figures. A yoke of oxen brought one hundred and two dollars, spinning wheel seven dollars, old ox-cart fifty dollars.
12th .- P. E. B. has lost three children with diph- theria. This disease has been common of late. Papers say that the enemy are throwing bridges across the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg.
13th .- Rapid firing has been heard to-day northward towards Fredericksburg-especially in the afternoon and towards night. The distance is perhaps sixty miles. The town has suffered very severely, some of the citi- zens killed and very many houses struck by balls. We anxiously await the result.
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