USA > Vermont > Windsor County > Ludlow > History of Ludlow, Vermont > Part 7
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In 1806, Capt. Warren (who received his title from being captain in the home militia,) moved from North Hill to South Hill, onto the farm later known as the Jonathan Whitcomb farm. He built a small log house east of the
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road, where the old apple-orchard now stands. Mr. Warren moved his household goods to the new house, on a hand sled, there being nothing but a bridle-path to South Hill at that time. In 1810, he built a frame house west of the road, which has been burned. This was one of the first frame houses built on South Hill. In October of the same year, a merry party of neighbors and friends gathered at this house to give a house-warming, and congratulate the own- ers for so nice a house, and during the merry-making, one of the party wished they had some new cider. Whereupon, Mrs. Warren chopped some apples in her chopping-tray, pressed the pomace in her cheese-press, and behold, there was the cider for her guests. This was the first cider made in town.
Ashbel Spaulding was born in Chelmsford, Mass., Apr. 27, 1765. He married Abial Parker, Sept. 30, 1801, and the same year removed to Ludlow, and built for himself a small log house on North Hill on the north side of the James Pollard farm, west of the road. Mr. and Mrs. Spauld- ing were the parents of the first twins born in town, Re- becca and Parker Spaulding, born Nov. 17, 1807. Parker died unmarried. Rebecca married Martin Snell, and was the mother of the late Hyland Snell.
Ashbel Spaulding brought to town with him, the first lilac bush ever planted here, and nearly all the lilac bushes in Ludlow are descendants of that bush.
Thomas Bixby was born in Westford, Mass., in 1762, and came to Ludlow in 1784. He located on the place still known as the Bixby farm, northwest of Grahamville. For the first two years, he stayed in Ludlow during the summers only, having a canvas tent for a dwelling, and returned to Westford to spend the winters. He then built a log house in which he lived about three years. In 1789, he was taxed for fifteen acres of land under cultivation, which shows how much energy and courage the young pioneer had, to push the clearing off of the timber so rapidly.
In 1792, he built for himself a frame house, standing nearly where the present dwelling stands. About 1800, he kept a tavern there. Later, his property came into the hands of his son, Calvin Bixby, who was born Oct. 16, 1810.
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He lived on the place nearly all his life, and built the house now standing in 1834. The wood-shed and old cider-mill west of the road, are a part of the first frame building. He died Aug. 4, 1894, in the ninety-first year of his age. He set out the apple orchard nearest the highway, but the one east of the house was set out by Thomas Bixby in 1790. This is one of the oldest orchards in town, and held in the Bixby family for more than a hundred years, the present owner (1931) being Calvin Bixby's grand-daughter, Mrs. Mary Bixby Murphy. The Thomas Bixby farm and the one settled by Jesse Fletcher, are the only ones in town still held by the descendants of the original owners.
REPRESENTATIVES FROM LUDLOW
Ludlow was organized in 1792, but was not represented in the state legislature till 1795, when Peter Read, after- ward pastor of the Congregational church, was elected representative. The election was held at the house of Stephen Read, which stood in the northern part of the town, up the West Branch. At that time, there were about thirty-five voters in town. It seems strange to us that when Mr. Read's election took place, nearly a score of years after the Declaration of Independence, four years after the admission of our state into the Union, and fifty-four years before the shriek of the iron horse first echoed over the hills of Ludlow, there was, at that time, but one house in that part of the town now occupied by the village, and that was Josiah Fletcher's house, which stood on the site later occupied by the residence of J. W. Kimball. Where Ludlow village now stands, that part south of the river was an unbroken forest.
Mr. Read met with the state assembly at Windsor, Montpelier not becoming the capital of the state till thir- teen years later. Josiah Fletcher was representative in 1796-97, 1800-01. Jesse Fletcher, brother of Josiah, 1798- 99, David Lewis, 1802-03, Austin Fenn, 1804-05, Asahel Smith, 1806-1812, 1817-23, 1825-27. Mr. Smith was the first representative from Ludlow to meet with the state assembly at Montpelier in 1808.
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Arioch Smith was representative in 1813-14, 1832. He was the first blacksmith in Ludlow, and settled in Smith- ville, which took its name from him. Elihu Ives, who came to Ludlow in 1785 and was the fifth settler, represented the town in 1815-16, Jesse Bailey, 1818-19, Zachariah Spauld- ing, 1820-21, Moses Haven, 1824, Jonas Dunn, 1828-29, Asa Fletcher, 1830-31, Reuben Washburn, 1833. Mr. Wash- burn was for many years a leading lawyer in Ludlow. Sewall Fullam, Jr., 1834-41, Benjamin Billings, 1842-43, Surry Ross, 1844-45, William K. Manning, 1847, Darius L. Green, 1848-49, Daniel A. Heald, 1850, Asa A. Barton, 1853-54, Nathaniel Cudworth, 1855-56, Roswell Smith, 1857, Moses Pollard, 1859-60, Rev. Wm. S. Balch, 1861-62, Hiram Albee, 1863-64, Wm. H. Walker, 1865-66, 1884, Joseph Pelton, 1867, Rufus N. Heminway, 1868-69, Ervin J. Whitcomb, 1870-72, Elon G. Pettigrew 1874, Wm. A. Patrick, 1876, Elwin A. Howe, 1878-80, Marcus A. Spauld- ing, 1882, Lowell G. Hammond, 1886, Albert H. Lock- wood, 1888, Hiram L. Warner, 1890-91, Wm. W. Stickney, 1892-93, 1894-95. Mr. Stickney was made Speaker of the House of Representatives during his service, and proved himself as able a representative as Ludlow ever had. His last term filled out the first century of Ludlow's representa- tion in the state legislature.
Frank A. Walker was elected Sept. 1, 1896, beginning the second century in the history of the town's legislation. Of the 379 votes cast, Mr. Walker received 377, being the greatest vote ever given for a representative in this town. Charles Howard was representative 1898-99, L. G. Fullam, 1900-01, Harlan P. Graham, 1902-03. Mr. Graham was elected by the Local Option issue that was before the people of Vermont at that time. Frank W. Agan was his successor in 1904-05, Albert L. Stillwell, 1906, Henry T. Brown, 1908, Wm. N. Bryant, 1910, Emery M. Plumley, 1912, Ernest E. Moore, 1914 and 1916, Charles H. Pollard, 1918, E. C. Warner, 1920, James McDonald, 1922, Floyd T. Sumner, 1924 and 1926, Merrill F. Proctor, 1928 and 1930.
In the past hundred and forty-seven years, Ludlow has risen from an almost unbroken forest, containing a scat-
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tered population of less than a hundred and twenty-five souls, to a town of about two thousand inhabitants, with a thriving village, with churches, schools, woolen-mills, saw-mills, railroad, telegraph, telephones, automobiles, radios, and talking machines, and even communication with the outside world by airships and wireless telegraphy. It does not seem likely that science can develop as great changes in the hundred years to come, as have come into existence in the one just past.
TOWN CLERKS
Jesse Fletcher was chosen the first town clerk in Lud- low in 1792, served a year and was succeeded by Nathan Davidson, who held the office till 1795, when Jesse Flet- cher was again elected, and held the position until 1809. From that time till 1820, Asahel Smith was clerk, and after the office had been held one year by Jesse Bailey, Mr. Smith was again elected, and remained until 1825. Artemas Spafford then held the office for two years, fol- lowed by Stephen Cummings and Moses Haven, each of whom served two years. In 1831, Artemas Spafford was again elected, and served continuously until 1860, when his son, Wm. Spafford, succeeded him in the responsibilities of the office, remaining till 1884, when he resigned, and his sister, Miss Sarah W. Spafford, was elected, and served as clerk a year. Henry M. Taylor was next elected to the office, but died soon after, and Miss Spafford was again chosen, and remained about a year. In 1886, Wm. P. Spaf- ford again accepted the office and held it till 1900, when W. M. Bixby was elected and was in the office till his death in 1929. In 1930, Miss Maybelle Hill was elected to the office.
TOWN TREASURERS
At the time of the organization of the town, Josiah Fletcher was elected to the office of town treasurer, in which he remained during 1792 and 1793. He was suc- ceeded by Peter Read in 1794, but was again elected in
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1795, and held the position till 1799. Seth Lee was then chosen, and remained till 1803. Elihu Ives held the office in 1804 and 1805. Arioch Smith was then elected and re- mained till 1819. Asa Fletcher was treasurer in 1820, and Arioch Smith was next elected to the office, remaining till 1833. Pliny Parker held the office from 1833 to 1844, Mar- tin Perry, in 1845. Artemas Spafford was then chosen, and remained till 1848, when Jazar Smith succeeded him, re- maining till 1850, in which year Daniel Perry was treas- urer, Jazar Smith, in 1851, and Elijah Scott in 1852. Jazar Smith was again elected in 1853, and served until 1858, when Ebenezer Clement was chosen, and served till 1860. Then Hiram W. Albee was elected, and served until his death which occurred in 1877. He was succeeded by Al- bert H. Lockwood, who was treasurer till 1884, and was then followed by John A. Dennet. He served till 1888, when Albert H. Lockwood was again elected, remaining in office till 1902, when he was succeeded by Wentworth M. Bixby. He held this office till his death in 1929, and Maybelle Hill succeeded him.
SENATORS
The senators who have been sent to the legislature from Ludlow are: Benjamin Billings, 1844-45, Daniel A. Heald, 1854-55, F. C. Robbins, 1860-61, Wm. H. Walker, 1867- 68, Ervin J. Whitcomb, 1879-80, Elwin A. Howe, 1884-85, R. E. Hathorn, 1896-97, Chas. H. Howard, 1902-03, Allen D. Ball, 1922-23.
SELECTMEN
Jesse Fletcher, 1792-1801, 1803-1808, Jonas Hadley, 1792, Elihu Ives, 1792-95, 1799, 1801, 1816, Peter Read, 1793, 1795-1799, Benjamin Patch, 1793, Elisha Denison, 1794-96, Abraham Preston, 1796, Daniel Lewis, 1797-98, Abel Haild, 1797-98, 1806-07, 1810-13, Austin Fenn, 1800- 01, 1804-07, 1809-13, John Sargent, 1802-03, Nathaniel Dyer, 1802, Thomas Bixby, 1802-03, Arioch Smith, 1804- 05, 1834, James Bates, 1804, John Warren, 1805, Asahel
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Smith, 1806-19, 1821-24, 1832-36, Jared Goodell, 1808, Zachariah Spaulding, 1808, 1814-15, 1821-22, Thomas Evans, 1809, Jesse Bailey, 1814-15, 1820, Moses Haven, 1816-17, 1829-30, Thomas Keyes, 1817-19, 1827, Zebulon Spaulding, 1818-19, 1821-22, Jonas Dunn, 1820, 1826-27, Levi Adams, 1820, Henry Adams, 1823-24, Artemas Spaf- ford, 1823-26, 1831-32, 1834-40, 1842-44, Janna Wilcox, 1825-26, Simeon Burbank, 1825, Stephen Cummings, 1827- 28, Joshua Warner, 1828-29, Isaac Ives, 1828-29, Asa Fletcher, 1830-33, 1835-36, Joseph Davidson, 1830-31, Charles Ives, 1833, 1837-40, Samuel Ross, 1837, 1856-57, Asa S. Barton, 1838-41, 1848, 60-63, Merrick Spafford, 1841- 47, 1850-56, Benjamin Billings, 1841-43, Asa Fenn, 1844- 45, Martin Perry, 1845-50, Frederick Dunbar, 1846-47, 1851-53, I. B. How, 1846, Jazar Smith, 1847-49, S. L. Armington, 1848-49, 1857, Alexander Barton, 1848, Zach- ariah Parker, 1849, Asahel Miller, 1850, Joel Warner, 1851-52, 1855,, Cyrus Baker, 1851-52, Elijah Scott, 1853- 55, 1865-66, B. P. Spaulding, 1853-56, 1866-67, 1874-76, Enos Mayo, 1854, Alvin Lamb, 1857, 1860, Calvin Riggs, 1858-59, 1861-63, Stephen E. Wood, 1858, Moses Pollard, 1859-60, 1863-64, Artemas Spaulding, 1861-62, Gardner I. Howe, 1862, Hiram W. Albee, 1864, Leonard Wilcox, 1864-65, 1871, Stedman Spaulding, 1865, Joseph M. Pratt, 1866, Rufus N. Heminway, 1867-70, Lowell G. Hammond, 1867-70, Solon I. Atherton, 1868-69, 1870-73, Willard Johnson, 1874-82, George E. Walker, 1872-73, Anson J. Sawyer, 1872-73, Thomas French, 1874-76, Elisha Johnson, 1877-83, 1885-87, Milton H. Edson, 1883, D. R. Sargent, 1883-1897, L. G. Fullam, 1884-86, Wm. P. Spafford, 1884, Wesley Barton, 1888, Elias H. Pinney, 1888, Chas. H. Ray, 1889, H. L. Warner, 1889-90, Prescott Adams, 1891-93, 1895-96, 1899, 1900-02, Gilman B. Horton, 1891-96, J. W. Kimball, 1896-98, Wm. L. Lawrence, 1897, C. H. Howard, 1898, 1902, O. N. Gates, 1898, Levi Pettigrew, 1899-1902, John O'Brien, 1903, Silas Colton, 1903-05, Harlan Graham, 1903-05, Sidney A. Hill, 1904, Fred Thompson, 1905, Silas Colton, 1906, 1907, 1910-11. Harlan Graham, 1906-07- 08-09-10-11, Fred Thompson, 1906-07-08-09-10-11-13-14- 15. John Wilmoth, 1913-14, Henry T. Brown, 1913-14-15,
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W. J: Phalen, 1915, Charles H. Pollard, 1917-20, Geo. M. Moore, 1917-18, H. J. Stearns, 1917-18-19, H. E. Howard, 1919-20-21, F. T. Sumner, 1920-21-22, 1930. Jesse H. Spaulding, 1921-22-23-24-25-26, C. A. Hastings, 1922-23- 24-25-26-27-28-29-30, James McDonald, 1923- 24-25-26- 28-29-30, J. E. Brown, 1927-28-29.
It has always been customary with the people of this town, to retain in office as long as possible, those who per- formed their duties faithfully. Those who have served longest as selectmen are: Asahel Smith, twenty-three years, Artemas Spafford, sixteen, Jesse Fletcher, sixteen, D. R. Sargent, fifteen, Merrick Spafford, fourteen, Austin Fenn, eleven, Elisha Johnson, ten, and Asa S. Barton, B. P. Spaulding, Willard Johnson and Prescott Adams, each nine years.
TANNERIES
The first leather tanned in Ludlow, was on North Hill about 1798, by Levi Ives, on the farm known as the Joseph Sanders place. The tanning was done in wooden troughs, and the bark used was ground by hand. The tanner could not tan sole-leather by this process, therefore the first settlers in Ludlow used birch bark for the soles of their shoes.
In 1800, a more extensive tanning business was started on South Hill, by Dea. Moses Mayo. He built a tannery west of the road from where Harold Ford now lives. In this tannery, the bark was ground by horse-power. Mr. Mayo built a house near his tannery, which was known later as the Wilkins place. He had a son, Enos, who came to town in 1808. There were four sons: Enos, Adolphus, Elijah, and Moses. Elijah drove teams hauling farm pro- duce, etc., to and from Boston. Enos is remembered by many as "Uncle Enos", and Adolphus was the father of Jonathan A. Mayo. Moses Mayo and his son Enos built the house now owned by Harold Ford, about 1810. It has been repaired some, but the old-fashioned chimneys are the ones first built.
Mr. Mayo followed his trade here till 1815, when David
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Sawyer, who married Martha, daughter of Moses Mayo, bought out the business. Mr. Mayo died Nov. 1, 1839.
In 1816, Mr. Sawyer built a tannery in the lower village on the North Hill road where Frank Holden's residence now is, which Mr. Sawyer also built. It was the twelfth house in the village, and it was here that our former towns- man, Anson J. Sawyer, first saw the light of day.
Mr. Sawyer did business at his tannery for several years. For grinding the bark in this tannery, two stones, some- what like the old-fashioned millstones, were hung upon a horizontal shaft fixed to a revolving upright shaft. These stones were about ten inches thick and five feet high, and were so hung that their weight rested upon the floor, as they rolled round and round the revolving shaft. The bark being laid upon the floor in the track of these stones, was reduced to the required fineness. In the early part of the nineteenth century, the same sort of arrangement was em- ployed for grinding flax-seed in the manufacture of lin- seed oil. When business was suspended in this tannery, a part of the old building was used in building an addition to the residence, and is still in use.
In 1836, Eben Spear built a tannery on the site after- ward occupied by the Whitcomb and Atherton bakery building, later used by C. H. Howard as a furniture store. He built a dam across Jewell Brook, where the old Jacob Patrick blacksmith shop stood, now Vail's garage. From this dam, a pen-stock carried the water to the bark mill, that stood nearly where the west end of the Goddard House, or Riverside, now stands. This was the first bark mill ever run by water-power in this town. To most of the Ludlowites of those days, it was a great curiosity to wit- ness such an enterprise. When the ditch was dug to lay the pipes for the village water supply in 1894, the plank and boards of the old penstock were found nearly as sound as when placed there fifty-eight years before.
This tannery was run several years. Mr. Spear married Patty Mason, sister of the late Chas. S. Mason, and died Dec. 17, 1839.
The tannery on Andover street was built by James B. Horr in 1844. He did not do business long, but sold out
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to E. W. Mixter about 1848. John Rice was the next owner until 1851, when he died, and Samuel Taylor bought the property. A. J. Sawyer bought the tannery, May 28, 1853, and it remained in his possession till his death in 1897. He did an extensive business in tanning, for about forty- three years. This was the only tannery that ever did any business in Ludlow after the railroad was built. Previous to that time, hides and leather were hauled to and from Boston by horse teams. Mr. Sawyer practiced his trade longer than any other tanner who ever lived in Ludlow. Science has developed many improvements in the art of tanning leather, from the first method practiced in Lud- low, to those of the present time.
BRICK YARDS
As early as 1810, a brick yard was opened on South Hill by Leonard Ross, on the farm known as the Silas Johnson farm. Mr. Ross did not make brick long. The next brick-making business was carried on by Simon Spaulding on his farm in 1815. Later, this farm was known as the Enos Mayo farm. In 1816, Zachariah Spaulding built a brick-kiln on his farm. Mr. Spaulding made brick four years, and then gave up the business, as the clay proved not to be of good quality for brick-making. This farm was afterward owned by Zachariah Spaulding's son, Dea. Parker Spaulding, and later by W. C. Stearns.
1n 1817, Elihu Ives opened a brick-yard on his farm on North Hill, later owned by his grandson, Solon Ives Ather- ton, who died here in 1893. Mr. Ives made brick quite ex- tensively for several years. He made the brick that were used in building the Union church in 1819. In addition to his brick manufacturing, Mr. Ives operated quite extensive- ly, a distillery for manufacturing cider brandy.
In 1810, Zedekiah Haven made brick on the "Brook road", between the two highway bridges bordering on the Abel Batchelder farm. This place is now owned by Frank Moore.
In 1835, John Gilbert also made brick on this road, on the farm then owned by David Moore, later owned by
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Henry Fuller, father of Freeman H. and Sylvester Fuller. The farm is at present the property of A. E. Lawrence.
Another brick industry was started on South Hill in 1825, by Thomas Keyes, each of the Zachariah Parker farm, on the road leading onto East Hill by the soap- stone quarry. After Mr. Keyes had made brick for a few years, he was succeeded for a while by Abram Adams. Cyrus Keyes had a brick-yard at the forks of the roads near the soapstone quarry. He commenced business there about 1832, and, at the same time, built a small house which has been gone for many years. In 1849, Warren Adams, brother to Abram Adams, made brick on the ground where the residence of the late A. J. Sawyer stands on Andover street, now owned by Frank Thomas. The great freshet of July, 1850, washed away the works.
There is not an industry in existence, or that ever existed to the present knowledge of man, with a history more in- teresting than the history of brick-making. "Beginning with almost the earliest record of man-kind, it is, in fact, that record itself-in every land and in every century, there have been bricks and brick-makers. The first signs of man's awakened genius to create, to build, was ex- pressed in the making of brick. 'They said one to another, Go to, let us make brick and burn them thoroughly.' (Gen. XI, 3.) The earliest pathway of civilization, is marked with mile-stones of brick. Wherever civilization tarried long enough to make a kiln, it left its monument of brick. Semi-mythical tales of centuries, dead nations are sub- stantiated by modern discoveries of cities, walls, and struc- tures of brick, hidden from sight by the accumulations of time. From the grave of the most ancient civilization, out of the sands of the uninhabited desert, are being unearthed, columns, and archways, and walls of brick that were "made and burned thoroughly."
The first brick made were usually from twelve to thirteen inches square, and three and a half inches thick. In Egypt, bricks were not generally burned in kilns, but were dried in the sun. When they were made of the Nile mud, it was mixed with chopped straw to prevent its cracking.
There has been much improvement made in the manu-
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facture of bricks since the beginning of the present century. When brick was first made in Ludlow, the clay was worked by driving oxen over it, spread on a platform. Afterward, the present method of breaking the clay was invented, and also improved machinery for making pressed brick. The kilns now used are about the same in design that the first were, and, in all probability, will remain in use until the inventive powers of the modern electrician have found some process to dry or burn bricks by electrical heat.
There has been but one lime-kiln in Ludlow, and that was built by Joseph Taylor in 1826. Mr. Taylor made the lime used in laying the brick of the late Geo. H. Levey's residence, better known to many as the Isaac Pollard place. The kiln was built on the Martin Snell farm, now occupied by Harlan Pelkey, and the remains of it are still visible.
SAW MILLS
Shortly after the first settlers came to Ludlow, it became necessary to have a saw mill to manufacture boards for building their houses and barns, and accordingly the early proprietors offered a grant of fifty acres of land to anyone who would erect a saw-mill in the town. In 1790, Ebenezer Gilbert availed himself of the offer, and built a saw-mill on the "West Branch." The mill stood on the stream where the falls, known as Buttermilk Falls, are, above where the Stephen Read house stood. The following year, Mr. Gilbert added a grist-mill, and, for a few years, did all the saw- ing and grinding that was done in town. The working capacity of this mill was in accordance with all other things at that early date. The saw-mills of the present time, will manufacture more lumber in one day, than could be sawed with Mr. Gilbert's mill in ten days.
In 1835, Jonathan Carpenter built a saw-mill on the same stream, on the site where, later, stood the mill known as the William Lawrence mill. Mr. Carpenter did business here about twenty years, but was not very well liked by his patrons, as it was claimed by many that he took the larger part of the custom logs drawn to his mill to be sawed, for slabs. Calvin Bixby, being dissatisfied with that kind of
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treatment, in 1850 built another mill a few rods below Mr. Carpenter's mill, and, by fair dealing, drew most of the trade to his mill. At that time, it was customary to allow one half of the slabs to the man who owned the logs, and the other half to the man who operated the mill.
The first man to dam the waters of Black River in Lud- low, was Hezekiah Haven, who built a saw-mill in 1803, at the upper end of the factory pond. The dam stood nearly opposite George Chapman's house. The old mud-sill to the dam is still visible. When Mr. Haven had his mill com- pleted and ready for business, he found to his great dis- appointment, that he could not saw a log, and had to aban- don the business on account of there not being a sufficient fall of water to furnish power. It seems to be the common lot of mankind, to meet with disappointment in the attempt to establish great enterprises.
Mr. Haven not being wholly discouraged with the fail- ure of his first attempt at building a saw-mill, in 1805 built a dam where the dam of the Ludlow Woolen Mill now stands, and erected a saw-mill on the north side of the river. The basement of his mill was used a few years as a manufactory of wooden pails. In those days, there was plenty of good pine timber suitable for the manufacture of pails.
In 1810, Capt. Joseph Patterson built a listing mill, which stood just below the north end of the present dam. The saw-mill and the listing-mill stood about fifteen feet apart, and the great freshet of 1828 took away part of the dam, and washed away the listing-mill, which was not rebuilt. The saw-mill continued in operation. It was run for many years by Emery Burpee, who was succeeded by John Stimson for several years, and he again by Loton Gassett. The mill was purchased by Seneca Haven and Oliver Orvis in 1866, who moved it up the Brook Road to the site where the mill of J. N. Harris later stood. In 1870, the old style, up-and-down saw was taken out, and a cir- cular-saw mill put in its place, this being the second cir- cular-saw mill brought to town. J. N. Harris purchased the mill in the spring of 1881, and, there not being suffici- ent water to do good business, an engine and boiler were
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