USA > Vermont > Windsor County > History of Windsor County, Vermont, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 9
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The old jail that stood near the west end of the common served the requirements of the county until the year 1797, at which time the Gen - eral Assemby ordered another to be built. Accordingly land was pro-
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THE PRESENT COURT-HOUSE.
cured, the same on which the present jail stands ; and here, by the efforts of Benjamin Emmons, Jacob Wilder, Colton White and Nathaniel Smith, the second county jail was erected, being part of stone and part frame. But even this presumably substantial structure was found, after a score or so of years, to be unsafe and unsuitable for every use and necessity, whereupon Judge Elias Keyes was appointed to erect a stone jail, which he did at an expense to the shire of about fifteen thousand dollars; but in 1867, the year in which Woodstock was visited by a sweeping fire, the wood part of Judge Keyes's jail was burned. The next year the brick jail was erected. In 1881 some substantial additions were made, since which time the building has remained as it at present appears. By rea- son of the somewhat unusual arrangement concerning the ownership and use of the court-house, the county clerk, judge of probate and other county officers are required to have their offices in the building con- nected with the jail. Here they have, perhaps, as commodious quarters as the court-house would afford if the town hall was not a part of it, but the singular arrangement makes the premises somewhat remarkable.
Now, having made some mention of the events that led to the divis- ion of old Cumberland county and the erection of Windsor county from a part of it ; having noted the events of the time of organizing the last named, furnishing the names of its earliest officers in various depart- ments of its civil government ; having referred to the acts that estab- lished the county seat at Woodstock, and having described briefly the several buildings erected for county purposes, it is appropriate that some space should be devoted to recording the names of those who have been connected with the several offices of the county, as provided by tlie laws of the State, from the time of its organization to the present. But as the old county of Cumberland was an organized department of the government of two States-New York and Vermont-at the same time (but prior to its division in 1781), which States were contending for the mastery, it is also proper that a record be made of the officers of Cum- berland county under the New York authority as well as under that of Vermont. The name "Cumberland," however, became lost to Ver- mont when the division was made, but was continued under New York for several years thereafter.
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HISTORY OF WINDSOR COUNTY.
CIVIL OFFICERS OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY UNDER NEW YORK.1
Dedimus Potestatem Commissioners .- Date of commission, July 17, 1766, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Lord, Samuel Wells, John Chandler. April 7, 1768, same appointments renewed. April 14, 1772, Samuel Wells, Crean Brush. May 5, 1774, Samuel Gale. May 15, 1777, John Sessions, John Stevens. October 24, 1778, Pelatiah Fitch, John Ses- sions, James Clay, Micah Townsend. June 5, 1782, Charles Phelps, James Clay, Hilkiah Grout.
Commissioners of the Court .- Date of commission, February 18, 1774, Samuel Wells, Crean Brush, Samuel Knight.
Commissioners to receive property of those who had joined the enemy, March 6, 1777, James Clay, Amos Robertson, Israel Smith.
Commissioner of Forfeiture .- February 25, 1780, John Sergeant.
Judges of Inferior Court of Common Pleas .- July 16, 1766, and April 7, 1768, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Lord, Samuel Wells. April 14, 1772, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Lord, Samuel Wells, Noah Sabin. August 18, 1778, Pelatiah Fitch, John Sessions, James Clay.
Assistant Judges of Inferior Common Pleas .- July 16, 1766, Oliver Willard, John Arms, James Rogers, Zedekiah Stone, Benjamin Bellows, Thomas Chandler, jr., John Chandler. April 7, 1768, Oliver Willard, Thomas Chandler, jr., John Chandler, Samuel Stevens, Nathan Stone, William Willard, Thomas Bridgman. April 14, 1772, James Rogers, Nathan Stone, William Willard, Stephen Greenleaf, Thomas Chandler, jr., Benjamin Butterfield. August 18, 1778, Eleazer Patterson, Hilkiah Grout, Stephen Greenleaf.
Justices of the Oyer and Terminer .- June 5, 1782, Charles Phelps, James Clay, Eleazer Patterson, Hilkiah Grout, Simon Stevens, Elijah Prouty, Michael Gilson.
Justices of the Peace .- July 16, 1766, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Lord, Samuel Wells, Oliver Willard, John Arms, James Rogers, Zedekiah Stone, Benjamin Bellows, Thomas Chandler, jr., John Chandler, Will- iam Willard, John Church, Thomas Bridgman, Bildad Andross, Israel Curtis. April 7, 1768, Thomas Chandier, Joseph Lord, Samuel Wells, Oliver Willard, Thomas Chandler, jr., John Chandler, Samuel Stevens, Nathan Stone, William Willard, Thomas Bridgman, Bildad Andross,
1From B. H. Hall's Eastern Vermont.
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OFFICIALS.
Israel Curtis, Henry Wells, Simon Stevens. April 14, 1772, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Lord, Samuel Wells, Noah Sabin, James Rogers, Na- than Stone, William Willard, Stephen Greenleaf, Thomas Chandler, jr., Benjamin Butterfield, Bildad Andross, Israel Curtis, Simon Stevens, Zadock Wright, Samuel Nichols, William Williams, John Bridgman, David Loy, Ephraim Ranney, Oliver Lovell, John Bolton, Jonathan Burke, Luke Knowlton, John Winchester Dana. June 5, 1782, Charles Phelps, James Clay, Eleazer Patterson, Hilkiah Grout, Simon Stevens, Elijah Prouty, Michael Gilson, Samuel Bixby, Daniel Shepardson, Hez- ekiah Stowell, Bethuel Church, John Pannel, Nathan Fish, Joseph Win- chester, Daniel Kathan.
County Clerks .- July 16, 1766, to April 7, 1768, John Chandler. February 25, 1772, Crean Brush, vice John Chandler, removed. March 7, 1774, Samuel Gale, vice Crean Brush, resigned. August, 1788, Micah Townsend.
Sheriffs .- July 16, 1766, Nathan Stone, term expired October 14, 1767. March 31, 1768, John Arms, by appointment. October 13, 1769, John Arms, served six months. April 17, 1770, Daniel Whip- ple, by appointment. October 12, 1770, to October 6, 1772, Daniel Whipple. October 1, 1773, to July 10, 1775, William Patterson. July 10, 1775, Jesse Burk. May 5, 1777, Paul Spooner, declined. August 18, 1778, to February 18, 1780, Simeon Edwards. June 5, 1782, Tim- othy Phelps.
Surrogates .- July 16, 1776, to April 14, 1772, Thomas Chandler. April 14, 1772, Crean Brush. August 18, 1778, James Clay.
Attorneys-at-Law .- Solomon Phelps, Micah Townsend, Charles Phelps, Samuel Knight.
CIVIL OFFICERS OF WINDSOR COUNTY.
State Senators .- Prior to the year 1836 the authority of the Senate was vested in the body known by the name of "Governor and Council," and senators were previously unknown. But in the year named the State constitution was revised, and the office of representative in the State Senate created. According to the provisions of the laws as then established, the county of Windsor was entitled to four representatives in that branch of the Legislature. This was continued for a period of
13
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HISTORY OF WINDSOR COUNTY.
something like fifteen years (1862), when three senators were elected from the county, the latter representation being maintained to the pres- ent day.
Again, prior to the year 1870, senators were elected annually, but subsequently they have held their offices for a term of two years, thus following the sessions of the Legislature. The senators who, since 1835, have represented Windsor county, with the years of their respective in- cumbency, have been as follows: 1836 .- Francis E. Phelps, Samuel W. Porter, William Steele, Julius Converse. 1837 .- Francis E. Phelps, Samuel W. Porter, William Steele, Julius Converse. 1838 .- Daniel Brown, Ptolemy Edson, William Steele, Julius Converse. 1839 .- Daniel Brown, Ptolemy Edson, Andrew Tracy, Julius Converse. 1840. -Abel Gilson, Barnabas Dean, Walter Palmer, Thomas P. Russell. 1841 .- Abel Gilson, Barnabas Dean, Walter Palmer, Thomas P. Rus- sell. 1842 .- Hampden Cutts, John Porter, Salmon F. Dutton, Abner Field. 1843 -Hampden Cutts, John Porter, Salmon F. Dutton, Abner Field.
1844 .- James Barrett, Thomas S. Barrett, Benjamin Billings, Justin Morgan. 1845 .- James Barrett, Thomas S. Barrett, Benjamin Billings, Justin Morgan. 1846 .- Artemas Cushman, Harvey Burton, Robert B. Cram, Dearborn H. Hilton. 1847 .- Artemas Cushman, Harvey Burton, Robert B. Cram, Dearborn H. Hilton. 1848 .- Oliver P. Chandler, Joseph W. Colburn, Solon Danforth, Calvin French. 1849 .- Oliver P. Chandler, Joseph W. Colburn, Solon Danforth, Cal- vin French. 1850 .- Oliver P. Chandler, Joseph W. Colburn, Daniel L. Lyman, Warren Currier. 1851 .- Oliver P. Chandler, Joseph W. Colburn, Daniel L. Lyman, Warren Currier. 1852 .- Warren Currier, Daniel L. Lyman, Asa B. Foster, Crosby Miller. 1853 .- Carlos Coolidge, Benoni Buck, - -- Harvey, D. C. Dennison. 1854 .- Carlos
Coolidge, D. C. Dennison, Daniel A. Heald, Norman Williams. 1855. -Carlos Coolidge, Norman Williams, Julius Converse, - Johnson. 1856 .- - Johnson, Julius Converse, A. P. Hunton, - Davis. 1857 .- A. P. Hunton, - Davis, Jo. D. Hatch, Charles S. Ray- mond. 1858 .- Charles S. Raymond, Jo. D. Hatch, Orrin C. French, John Wilder. 1859 .- Orrin C. French, John Wilder, Daniel Needham, Joshua M. Aldrich. 1860 .- Daniel Needham, Joshua M. Aldrich, T. S. Hubbard, Frederick C. Robbins. 1861 -T. S. Hubbard, Frederick
0
ALITTLE.
GOVERNOR CARLOS COOLIDGE.
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OFFICIALS.
C. Robbins, Thomas E. Powers, Prosper Merrill. 1862 .- Prosper Merrill, James A. Pollard, Noah B. Safford. 1863 .- James A. Pollard Noah B. Safford, Wendell W. Williams. 1864 .- Hugh Henry, Wendell W. Williams, Clark H. Chapman. 1865 .- Clark H. Chapman, Hosea Doton, Merrick Gay. 1866 .- Hosea Doton, Merrick Gay, Hiram Har- low. 1867 .- W. H. Walker, F. W. Anderson, Albert Brown. 1868. - W. H. Walker, F. W. Anderson, Albert Brown. 1869 .- William Collamer, A. G. Dewey, William M. Pingry. 1870 .- William Collamer A. G. Dewey, William M. Pingry. 1872 .- Charles M. Lamb, Luther Adams, Charles A. Scott. 1874 .- James G. Wilson, Joseph C. Parker, Merritt C. Edmunds. 1876 .- Artemas Cushman, Ervin J. Whitcomb, Gilbert A. Davis. 1874 .- James G. Wilson, Joseph C. Parker, Merritt C. Edmunds. 1876 .- Artemas Cushman, Ervin J. Whitcomb, Gilbert A. Davis. 1878 .- John F. Deane, William C. Danforth, Nelson Gay. 1880. - Ora Paul, Frederick G. Field, Hugh Henry. 1882 .- Justus Dartt, James M. McIntosh, Elam M. Goodwin. 1884 .- Norman Paul, E. A. Howe, Rollin Amsden. 1886. - Chester Pierce, Henry A. Fletcher, D. L. Cushing. 1888 .- William E. Johnson, Marsh O. Per- kins, Henry J. Parker.
County Clerks .- James Wheelock, 1781-1782 ; Briant Brown, 1782- 1789; Lewis R. Morris, 1789-1796; Benjamin Swan, 1796-1839 ; Nor- man Williams, 1839-1867; George B. French, 1867-1885 ; Jay Read Pember, the present incumbent.
Sheriffs .- John Benjamin, 1778-1779; Benjamin Wait,1 1779-1781; Briant Brown, 1781-1786; Ebenezer Brewster (appointed April 18, 1781, to succeed Briant Brown, resigned) ; Benjamin Wait, 1786-1788 ; Paul Brigham, 1788-1790 ; William Sweetzer, 1790-1796; Lucius Hub- bard, 1796-1798; William Rice, 1798-1802; William Strong, 1802- 1810; Paschal P. Enos, 1810-1814 ; Amos Heald, 1814-1815 ; Solomon W. Burk, 1815-1820; Asaph Fletcher, jr., 1820-1830; Lysander Ray- mond, 1830-1834; Daniel Brown, 1834-1837 ; John Pettes, 1837-1839; Joel Lull, 1839-1842 ; Zenas F. Hyde, 1842-1844 ; Gilman Henry, 1844- 1850; Lorenzo Richmond, 1850-1868; Surry W. Stimson, 1868-1880; Rollin Amsden, 1880-1884; Gardner J. Wallace, 1884-1888; Wilson S. Lovell, 1888, the present sheriff.
' These two sheriffs were officers of Cumberland county under Vermont.
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HISTORY OF WINDSOR COUNTY.
State's Attorneys .- Stephen Jacobs, 1786; Amasa Paine, 1796-1802; Daniel Buck, 1802-1803 ; Titus Hutchinson, 1803-1813 ; Horace Ever- ett, 1813-1818; Asa Aiken, 1818-1820; Jacob Collamer, 1820-1824 ; Isaac N. Cushman, 1824-1827 ; Wyllys Lyman, 1827-1831 ; Carlos Coolidge, 1831-1836 ; Oliver P. Chandler, 1836-1838 ; Edwin Hutchin- son, 1838-1840; Henry Closson, 1840-1842; Sewall Fullam, 1842-1844; Julius Converse, 1844-1847 ; Sewall Fullam, 1847-1849; Luther Ad- ams, 1849-1851 ; Warren C. French, 1851-1853 ; Calvin French, 1853- 1854; James Barrett, 1854-1856; John Ward, 1856-1858; Dudley C. Dennison, 1858-1860; William Rounds, 1860-1861 ; Charles P. Marsh 1861-1865 ; John F. Deane, 1865-1867 ; Samuel E. Pingree, 1867-1869; James N. Edminster, 1869-1872 ; William E. Johnson, 1872-1874 ; Will- iam H. Walker, 1874-1876; Norman Paul, 1876-1878 ; Gilbert A. Da- vis, 1878-1880 ; Thomas O. Seaver, 1880-1882; William W. Stickney, 1882-1884; James J. Wilson, 1884-1886; William Batchelder, 1886- 1888; William B. C. Stickney, 1888-1890.
Judges of Probate .- Windsor District. Paul Spooner,1 1778-1782 ; Ebenezer Curtis, 1782-1786 ; Briant Brown, 1786-1787 ; Elijah Robin- son, 1787-1802 ; William Hunter, 1802-1816; Uriel C. Hatch, 1816- 1823; Jonathan Whipple, 1823-1830; Jabez Proctor, 1830-1834; Nom- lass Cobb, 1834-1835; Thomas F. Hammond, 1835-1849; Salmon F. Dutton, 1849-1857; Henry Closson, 1857-1868 ; William Rounds, 1868- 1878; William H. Walker, 1878-1884; Hugh Henry, 1884, the present incumbent.
Hartford District. John Throop, 1783-1793; Paul Brigham, 1793- 1796; William Perry, 1796-1800; Paul Brigham, 1800-1801 ; Oliver Gallup, 1801-1803 ; Jesse Williams, 1803-1815 ; Benjamin Clapp, 1815- 1820; Henry C. Denison, 1820-1826; Isaiah Raymond, 1826-1836; John S. Marcy, 1836-1841 ; Thomas P. Russell, 1841-1843 : George E. Wales, 1843-1848 ; Josiah P. Danforth, 1848-1850; John Porter, 1850- 1886; Thomas O. Seaver, 1886, present probate judge of the district.
Present County Officials .- William Rounds and Charles P. Marsh, as- sistant judges. Officers of the Court : Jay Read Pember, clerk; Nor- man Paul, deputy clerk; Wilson S. Lovell, sheriff; W. B. C. Stickney, State's attorney; Lester C. Howe, high bailiff ; Jay Read Pember, sten-
' Appointed as an officer of Cumberland county.
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OFFICIALS.
ographer. Deputy sheriffs : Elliott G. White, Cavendish ; William P. Dodge, Chester; Lester C. Howe, Ludlow; Samuel A. Armstrong, Norwich; Levi B. Moore, Plymouth; L. G. Coolridge, Reading; Dan- iel C. Jones, South Royalton ; Romaine A. Spafford, Springfield ; O. A. Randall, White River Junction ; Edward D. Harpin, Woodstock; B. J. Mullins, Windsor. County treasurer, Hosea V. French. County audi- tor, Luther O. Greene. County commissioner, George O. Henry. Jail commissioners, Thomas O. Seaver, Enos R. Jennings, Hosea V. French. Road commissioners, Henry Safford, Henry J. Parker, Myron Burnett. County examining board, J. G. Sargent, W. H. Sanderson, Miss Jessie Benson.
CHAPTER IX.
Town Organizations-Not Affected by Vermont's Admission to the Union-Char- acter of Town Government -- Dates of Organization both by Vermont, New Hampshire and New York-From 1791 to the War of 1812-15-Events of the War-Peace Re- stored -- An Era of Prosperity -- Increase of Population -- Subsequent Decrease-Causes of the Decline-Emigration Westward.
W THEN the State of Vermont was admitted to the Federal Union, in 1791, all that had been previously done by the State toward erecting and maintaining an independent government was confirmed and sanctioned by Congress, while the jurisdiction theretofore attempted to be exercised by New York was withdrawn and declared at an end. At that time the county of Windsor, and others of the State as well, was fairly well organized, the officers of each branch of the local government were in the exercise of their functions, and peace and plenty prevailed on every hand.
But the townships of Windsor county, or at least a majority of them, were organizations the creation of which antedated that of the State and that of the county, by a number of years. Between the governor of New Hampshire on the one side, and of New York on the other, there was but little of the territory of Vermont that had not in some
IO2
HISTORY OF WINDSOR COUNTY.
manner been granted and chartered. These grants, of course, were con- flicting in numerous cases, and the grantees and their successors were compelled to pay allegiance to one or the other of the Commonwealths ; and instances are not wanting in which the settlers of towns surrendered their original charter from the one government, and purchased anew from the other.
Of the several towns that now comprise Windsor county the first to be chartered was that now known as Chester, but which under the orig- inal grant was named Flamstead. The first grant of this town was made February 22, 1754. However, the charter proprietors failed to comply with the conditions and requirements of the grant, whereupon it was forfeited. The second charter of the same territory was made on the 3d of November, 1761, to another set of proprietors, and under an- other name, the latter being New Flamstead. Under this grant settle- ments were made and pioneer improvements commenced. But it appears that during the early years of the controversy between New York and the Green Mountain Boys, the inhabitants of this town were disposed to favor the New York interests, and being imbued with such spirit, yielded up or set at nought the New Hampshire charter and pro- cured another from the former province. Under this last grant, which was made on July 14, 1766, the name of Chester was given the town- ship, and by that name it has ever since been known. In 1771, under the New York authority, an enumeration of the town's inhabitants was made, and Chester was found to contain one hundred and fifty-two souls.
The next grants of townships now of Windsor county under the authority of New Hampshire were made on the 4th day of July, 1761, by which the towns of Hartford and Norwich were brought into exist- ence. Then, following, two days later, on July 6th, Governor Went- worth made grants of the townships of Saltash (now Plymouth), Read- ing and Windsor. Pomfret came next, July 8, 1761, and was followed on the 10th of the same month by Hertferd (Hartland), Woodstock and Bridgewater. Barnard was chartered on the 17th of July, 1761; Stock- bridge on the 21st; Sharon on the 17th of August; Springfield and Weathersfield on the 20th; Ludlow on September 16th; Cavendish on October 12th; Andover on October 13th. All of these towns were granted during the year 1761 by Governor Benning Wentworth of New
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VARIOUS TOWNSHIP GRANTS.
Hampshire. But not all of these towns were organized and continued under the authority of the New Hampshire charters, some subsequently, like Chester, receiving a new grant from the provincial governor of New York.
And there were other towns, too, that now form a part of this county that were organized or granted under still another jurisdiction-that of the independent district or State of Vermont, although they were, of course, a later-day creation. Bethel was one of the latter class of town- ships, being the result of an association, which was formed at Hanover, N. H., and which petitioned the Vermont authority for a charter right for the purpose of making a settlement on the White River and its branches. This petition was made to the Vermont Legislature in 1778, and was granted during the month of March of the same year.
In substantially the same inanner was the town of Rochester brought into existence, the grant therefor being made on the 30th of July, 1781. It contained originally slightly more than twenty-three thousand acres of land, but its township area was materially increased by subsequent annexations from adjoining towns.
Royalton was one of the townships granted first under the authority of New York, on November 13, 1769, but the claimants under that charter felt insecure in their possession, and were fearful less the con- stantly increasing and arbitrary power of Vermont should deprive them of their believed rights, and were consequently induced to apply for a new charter under the new State, which was granted to the petitioners on December 20, 1781.
Next in the order of formation came the township of Baltimore; a small, triangular tract of land, embracing some three thousand acres, which, for the convenience of the residents of that part of the town of Cavendish who lived southeast of Hawk's Mountain, was set off into a separate sub-division of the county, by an act of the Vermont Legisla- ture passed October 19, 1793. This is the smallest by several fold of any of the county's sub-divisions, but none the less a township, organ - ized and conducted upon the same truly democratic plan of govern- ment so characteristic of all New England towns.
The same necessity that led to the formation of Baltimore also induced the erection of the township of Weston out of the lands that formerly
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HISTORY OF WINDSOR COUNTY.
formed a part of Andover and the five thousand acre tract known as Benton's Gore. The extremely high ridges known as Mount Terrible and Markham Mountain extended north and south about through the central part of Andover, thus making it exceedingly difficult for the res- idents of the western part of that township to hold business communica- tion with the eastern half; and for this reason the western inhabitants betook themselves to the State Legislature, asking that their section be erected into a separate township. Their prayer was heard, and on the 26th of October, 1799, the western part of the town, toge her with the gore, was erected into a separate town and named Weston.
The town of West Windsor is the junior of the sub-divisions of the county, its separation from the township of Windsor having been effected first in 1814, but restored during the next year. Again, in 1848, the town of Windsor was divided, and West Windsor set off. The act of the Legislature that effected the last division was passed October 26, 1848. The causes that led to this separation, the restoration and final division will be found in detail in the chapter devoted to the history of the towns affected, which need no further allusion in this place. Likewise, in the history of the several towns of the county, on subsequent pages, there will be found special mention of all the facts relating to the organization, settlement, growth and development of each from the time of its charter to the present day.
In the present connection, however, it is proper to furnish to the reader the names of the townships of this county which were organized under the jurisdiction and control of the province and subsequent State of New York ; and this mention, collectively, becomes important from the fact that the preceding pages of this chapter have noted the organ - ization under the New Hampshire and Vermont authority. The towns now forming a part of Windsor county which were chartered or granted by the governors of New York, together with the date of each, are as follows :
Bethel. 1-This town was first chartered or granted to a company of men, most of whom were then, or afterwards became, Tories. The date of this charter is unknown.
Cavendish .- This town was chartered by New York June 16, 1772.
. " These statements are made upon the authority of Deming's Catalogue.
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TOWN GRANTS FROM NEW YORK.
Chester .- Already mentioned ; chartered by New York July 14, 1766.
Hartland .- Chartered as "Hertferd " by New Hampshire July 10, 1761 ; but charter confirmed by New York to other proprietors July 23, 1766.
Plymouth, formerly Saltash .- Town granted by New York to Ichabod Fisher and others May 13, 1772.
Reading .- Granted by New York March 6, 1772, to Simon Stevens and others.
Royalton .- Chartered by New York November 13, 1769.
Springfield .- Granted by New York to Gideon Lyman March 16, 1772.
Stockbridge .- Granted by New York to William Story and others in 1761.
Weathersfield .- Granted, April 8, 1772, to Gideon Lyman and others. Windsor .- Granted, July 7, 1766, to David Stone, 2d, and others.
From what has already been stated in this chapter it will be observed that the greater part of the towns of Windsor county were in existence a number of years prior to the organization of the county itself. When Windsor county was set off by the division of Cumberland county the character of the government of the towns was in no manner changed, and the only effect of that act was to lessen the territory included within the county, and to make its government more convenient for its in- habitants and for the State. And by the extinguishment of the New York authority and jurisdiction there seems not to have been occasioned any material change in any of the towns, and no interests appear to have been adversely affected. The people were merely changed from the jurisdiction of one State to that of another, and all controversy over the rights of States was at once and for all time ended and forgotten. Those of the town that were organized and governed under the New York charters continued for the time being their distinctive character, and the succeeding elections not infrequently found officers chosen under Ver- mont that had previously served under New York.
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