USA > Wisconsin > Sheboygan County > History of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, past and present > Part 1
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History of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Past and Present
Carl Zillier, S.J. Clarke Publishing Company
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History of Sheboygan County Wisconsin
PAST AND PRESENT
X
CARL ZILLIER Editor
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED NEW YOR
RARY
CHICAGO
THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1912
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THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 633569 ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. R 1913 L
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FOREWORD
The complete history of Sheboygan county has not yet been written and the one who may have the temerity to undertake the task will find that his work has all been cut out for him. Many obstacles are in the way of accomplishing what may be desired in this relation, foremost of which is the almost total absence of the early settlers and the great and irreparable loss of the county records, which were destroyed by fire in 1861. An at- tempt has been made, however, to preserve for future generations and the next local historian, the salient facts now at hand and in so doing recourse has been had to the labors of others who have written of Sheboygan county as a wilderness and related incidents of its brave and hardy pioneer men and women. Atlases, and the History of Northern Wisconsin, have been drawn upon. Articles written by Horace Rublee, J. H. Denison, Colonel J. A. Watrous, L. K. Howe and others appear in this work. Mr. Howe treated of the newspapers of Sheboygan county, while the others covered the broad field of fifty years of the county's existence. To all who have in any way assisted in making this volume possible, the thanks of the com- piler is most heartily tendered.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
HISTORIC WISCONSIN
FOUR SCORE YEARS AGO-THE RED MAN, PRIMEVAL FORESTS AND WILD GAME- ADVENT OF THE WHITE MAN AND HIS WAYS-INDIAN CONFLICTS AND IN- DIAN TREATIES-WISCONSIN TERRITORY-WISCONSIN ADMITTED AS A STATE -EARLY SETTLERS IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN. I
CHAPTER II STORY OF THE ROCKS AND FIELDS
VARIOUS PERIODS OF FORMATION-KETTLE RANGE OF HILLS AND RIDGES- RICH AND ENDURING SOIL-COMMERCIAL CLAY AND LIMESTONE-ALMOST IMPENETRABLE FORESTS OF VALUABLE TIMBER-A VERITABLE PARADISE FOR WILD BEASTS AND BIRDS-TOPOGRAPHY OF THE COUNTY-DRAINAGE AND RECLAMATION OF WASTE LANDS .. 49
. CHAPTER III. THE ABORIGINEE
INDIAN TRIBES FOUND IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN-NUMEROUS VILLAGES IN SHEBOYGAN COUNTY-THEIR CUSTOMS AND CHARACTERISTICS-LITTLE THUNDER THROWN INTO THE RIVER-WAUBACA'S LAUGH OF DERISION- SAD FATE OF MRS. ASENATH BRIGGS-INDIANS STEAL A BARREL OF WHISKEY -INDIAN JOHN-THE GREAT INDIAN SCARE. 55
CHAPTER IV SHEBOYGAN COUNTY
THE COUNTY CREATED IN 1836-ITS TERRITORY TAKEN FROM BROWN COUNTY -FIRST ELECTION HELD MARCH 4, 1839-THE NEW ENTITY GOVERNED BY vii
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A BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS CHANGED TO SUPERVISOR SYSTEM-FIRST TERM OF COURT IN SHEBOYGAN COUNTY-CREATION OF TOWNSHIPS-OR- GANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. 65
CHAPTER V THE PIONEER
FIRST SETTLER IN SHEBOYGAN COUNTY-OTHERS WHO SOON FOLLOWED HIM -SHORT SKETCHES OF THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO OPENED THIS COUNTY AND LEFT IT AS A SPLENDID HERITAGE TO FUTURE GENERATION-BRAVE AND HARDY PIONEERS AND THEIR PERSONALITY-SETTLERS IN THE VAR- IOUS TOWNS-THOSE WHO LOCATED AT SHEBOYGAN. 85
CHAPTER VI OFFICIALS
LIST OF COUNTY OFFICIALS BROKEN BY LOSS OF RECORDS-COMPLETE LIST OF SOME OF THE COUNTY OFFICIALS AND PARTIAL LIST OF OTHERS-BOARD OF SUPERVISORS AND ITS MEMBERS FROM 1870 TO DATE-MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. .105
CHAPTER VII REMINISCENT
TALES INTERESTINGLY TOLD BY MEN WHO WERE THERE-EARLY DAYS IN SHE- BOYGAN COUNTY AS PICTURED BY THE LATE J. H. DENISON-RECOLLEC- TIONS OF HORACE RUBLEE-COLONEL J. A. WATROUS NOW OF MILWAUKEE CONTRIBUTES VALUABLE LOCAL DATA. . 123
CHAPTER VIII TRANSPORTATION
INDIAN TRAILS AND PLANK ROADS-FIRST RAILROAD BUILT IN 1856-CELEBRA- TION AT THE TIME OF BREAKING GROUND- THE NORTHWESTERN SYSTEM -FIRST STREET RAILWAY AND THE PRESENT TROLLEY SYSTEM-INTERUR- BAN FROM SHEBOYGAN TO MILWAUKEE AND FROM SHEBOYGAN TO PLY-
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MOUTH AND ELKHART LAKE-PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON LAKE MICHIGAN-SHEBOYGAN'S BEAUTIFUL HARBOR-RECEIPTS AND SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE BY WATER AND NUMBER OF VESSELS ENTERING AND DE- PARTING THE PAST CALENDAR YEAR .. 135
CHAPTER IX CHURCHES OF SHEBOYGAN CITY
HOLY NAME CHURCH AND OTHER HOUSES OF RELIGIOUS WORSHIP . 145
CHAPTER X
CIVIL WAR
PRESIDENT LINCOLN CALLS FOR SEVENTY-FIVE THOUSAND MEN TO PUT DOWN REBELLION- SHEBOYGAN COUNTY INTENSELY PATRIOTIO-SENDS MANY MEN TO THE FRONT TO FIGHT FOR THEIR COUNTRY-GUSTAVUS WINTER- MEYER POST GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC-THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT -COMPANY C, SECOND WISCONSIN INFANTRY IN THE SPANISH-AMERI- CAN WAR. 159
CHAPTER XI
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
THE FIRST PHYSICIANS ENDURED HARDSHIPS AND WERE POORLY PAID-PILLS AND QUININE COMPOSED THE PIONEER DOCTOR'S PHARMACOEPIA-PLACED GREAT RELIANCE ON THE LANCET AND BLED HIS PATIENT WITH OR WITH- OUT PROVOCATION-SOME OF THE FIRST PHYSICIANS PRACTICING IN THE
COUNTY. 215
CHAPTER XII
BENCH AND BAR
THE FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT CREATED-ABLE MEN WHO HAVE SAT ON THE BENCH-PIONEER LAWYERS-MEMBERS OF THE PRESENT SHEBOYGAN COUNTY BAR. . . 223
CHAPTER XIII JOURNALISM
THIS COMMUNITY ABLY SERVED BY THE PRESS-NEWSPAPER PLANTS IN THE FRONT RANK OF PRESENT DAY EQUIPMENT, QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF NEWS AND MAKE-UP-EDITORIAL WRITERS OF ABILITY-LIST OF NEWS- PAPERS OF THE COUNTY PAST AND PRESENT. 231
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CHAPTER XIV
TOWNS AND VILLAGES
SETTLEMENT OF THE VARIOUS TOWNS AND BIRTH OF VILLAGES-NAMES OF MANY PIONEERS-GROWTH OF THE COMMUNITIES-THEIR VARIED INDUS- TRIES-EARLY MILLS AND FARM PRODUCTS. .239
CHAPTER XV THE COUNTY SEAT
VILLAGE AND CITY OF SHEBOYGAN - POSTOFFICE - FINANCIAL INSTITU- TIONS-CARNEGIE PUBLIC LIBRARY-THE SCHOOLS-THE CHURCHES-IN- DUSTRIAL SHEBOYGAN-FRATERNAL ORDERS AND SOCIETIES-THE VILLAGE OF KOHLER. 271
CHAPTER XVI SHEBOYGAN FALLS
TOWN AND CORPORATION-SHEBOYGAN FALLS ONE OF THE OLDEST VILLAGES IN THE COUNTY-DEACON WILLIAM TROWBRIDGE OPENS A FARM IN 1837-THE VILLAGE INCORPORATED IN 1854-HAS THE ONLY WOOLEN MILL IN THE COUNTY-OTHER INDUSTRIES CHURCHES-FRATERNAL ORDERS, ETC .- HISTORIC OLD SCHOOL BUILDING. .313
CHAPTER XVII PLYMOUTH
TOWN VILLAGES AND CITY-ONE OF THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS IN THE COUNTY-EARLY CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS-THE VILLAGE OF PLYMOUTH IS LAID OUT-MERCHANDISING AND COST OF LIVING THE FIRST GRIST MILL-CITY OF PLYMOUTH-PUBLIC UTILITIES AND INSTITUTIONS-POST- MASTERS-SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES-INDUSTRIAL PLYMOUTH. . 325
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LEGEND OF THE NAME "SHEBOYGAN"
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History of Sheboygan County
CHARTER I
HISTORIC WISCONSIN
FOUR SCORE YEARS AGO-THE RED MAN, PRIMEVAL FORESTS AND WILD GAME- ADVENT OF THE WHITE MAN AND HIS WAYS-INDIAN CONFLICTS AND IN- DIAN TREATIES-WISCONSIN TERRITORY-WISCONSIN ADMITTED AS A STATE -EARLY SETTLERS IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN.
There are singular remains of antiquity throughout America, universally conceded to be the work of a prehistoric race, commonly called the Mound Builders. That these works owe their origin to a people more intimately acquainted with the arts of life than the aboriginal tribes which inhabited this continent upon its discovery, is abundantly proved by these records which are found scattered throughout the entire length and breadth of our land. The attention of archaeologists is being more and more directed to a study of these peculiar evidences of a vanished half civilization, but as yet neither their origin nor the date of their inhabitance has been deter- mined. Such traces as are left, though abundant in quantity, are vague as to character, no written memoranda having come to light, nor hieroglyph whose key can unlock the mystery. The remains consist chiefly of mounds of earth, which, notwithstanding the leveling and wearing action of the elements, have kept the form into which those mythical hands molded them. Hence the name of Mound Builders. In these mounds are found the traces of such useful arts as place beyond peradventure the users of them higher in the scale of progression than the savages who succeeded them. These mounds and enclosures are various in form, and it is supposed that they were dedicated to uses as various. Some are believed to have been fortifications ; others, places of sepulcher and of sacrifice, while some were the sites of temples, and others observatories. The ground selected for their erection seems generally to have been an elevated plateau on the banks of either lake or river, and the builders were apparently influenced by the same considerations as govern men in modern times in the choice of places for settlement. It is a fact that many of our most opulent cities are built upon the sites of these ancient works, proving that those by- gone races availed themselves of the same natural advantages as we do of today. These earth works are by no means of uniform shape or size. Some are regularly arranged, forming squares, circles and octagons ; others are like walls or fortifications, while others (and these are more numerous in Wisconsin than elsewhere, and first noticed in this state) are in imitation of the shapes of animals, birds, beasts and fishes-and in the
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HISTORY OF SHEBOYGAN COUNTY
forms of trees, war clubs, tobacco pipes, and other significant implements of race. It is not an improbable supposition that these curious figures were intended to represent a badge of tribe-a sort of gigantic armorial device on a scale commensurate with the vastness of the territory inhabited. In all existing nations symbols are employed as an expression of national individuality, and are deeply cherished by the people. England has her lion, France her eagles and her fleur-de-lis, Scotland her thistle, and amongst our present North American tribes we have such titles as Sitting Bull, Driving Cloud and Black Hawk. So these mounds may have been shaped to represent tribal or family insignia, and were possibly dedicated to the burial of members of the special clans who reared them. These animal shaped mounds, equally with the round tumuli, contain human bones. These bones are in a very brittle and decomposed state, having roots and fibers growing through them, and are distributed equally through all parts of the mounds. In the construction of these monuments it is evident that the bodies were laid upon the surface of the ground and the earth heaped upon them. No appearances are to be found of graves having been dug below the surface. In many cases later burials have been made upon these mounds, where possibly some nomadic tribe made a grave for its dead above the long buried and almost forgotten race. This surface burial, in which earth was brought and heaped above the dead, was not the custom among the North American Indians, their mode being a shallow grave, or suspension on platforms, or in trees, and this is counted another proof of the non- identity of the Mound Builders with the people that followed them.
In some parts of the state are found earth works of a different char- acter from the mound proper, which from their supposed use, are styled "garden beds." These beds are methodically arranged in parallel rows, much as a gardener would lay out his ground for flower culture, and are of a variety of sizes and shapes, sometimes occupying acres in extent.
These mounds are not the only traces of the lost inhabitants. The cop- per mines of northern Michigan afford ample proofs of their having been worked at some previous period, and as implements of this metal are abun- dant among other vestiges of the Mound Builders, they were, without doubt, the prehistoric miners. Professor Irving believes that, as the Michigan copper belt extends across Wisconsin to Minnesota, copper must have also been mined in this state. The Jesuit fathers frequently mention the ex- istence of copper, and even use the term mines, though there is no evidence that they either saw or heard of actual mining in the technical sense of that word. As early as 1636, which was prior to the time when they themselves had visited the Great Lake, they speak of the presence of native copper, and of its having been taken from the mines. In the "Relations" for 1659- 60, after missions had been established in this region, they reported it. to be "enriched in all its borders by mines of lead, almost pure, and of cop- per all refined in pieces as large as the fist, and great rocks which have whole veins of turquoise." Professor Whittlesey says, in a paper to the Smithsonian Institution, that there are evidences that these ancient mines were abandoned several hundred years before the advent of the French into that region, and their acquaintance with the northern tribes. As there is
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HISTORY OF SHEBOYGAN COUNTY
no legend among the Indians of their ancestors having worked the mines, nor any implements in their possession that could have been used for that purpose, it is highly improbable that they could have been the original work- ers. In ancient mining pits have been found wooden shovels, fragments of wooden bowls and broken stone mauls. The effects of blows from these stone mauls are visible upon the rocks. In other places are the distinct marks of picks and drills, as fresh and perfect as if they had been recently made. Coals and ashes are also found in the old excavations, along with the remnants of tools used, and in some cases the scales of fishes, evidently the remains of miners' meals.
It appears that these people were supplied only with very simple me- chanical contrivances, and that they penetrated the earth only to a short dis- tance, their deepest works being only about the same as those of old tin mines of Cornwall, England, which were wrought before the conquest of Britain by the Romans.
Dr. Hoy, president of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, finds upon examination of the implements made out of copper by these people, that they were beaten or hammered into the required shape, not melted and molded. In a large majority of cases he found specks of pure silver scattered over their surfaces, which he counted as evidence pos- itive that the specimen was never melted. Their fibrous texture was an- other proof that they were hammered or beaten out. Professor James D. Butler, however, appeals from this conclusion, and believes the people knew the art of smelting, "though the manner may be past finding out." He claims that as a rule the articles they manufactured were of utility rather than of ornament, and that he has found evidences of melted metal in their construction. The discussion is of interest only as going to prove a greater or less degree of advancement among these workers in the appliances of labor. If smelting was practiced, more complicated ingenuity was evinced than if only the rude hammer was used.
We have scarcely learned the alphabet of this strange language written all over the surface of our country. Thus far in the study of the sub- ject of the Mound Builders little more seems demonstrated than the an- cient occupation of the territory by a semi-savage race. No trace of high art or of refined civilization piques the antiquarian or stimulates the imagina- tion of the student with visions of valuable discoveries yet to be made. The chief interest lies in solving the mystery of the utter disappearance of a race, which has so entirely dropped out of human annals as scarcely to live even in legend. We only know that a people lived, were numerous, industrious and widely established, but from whence they came or whither they vanished is mere conjecture. Their names were not "writ in water," but in the earth. The turf of the prairie, the margin of the river, the cleft in the rock testify to their having been. But whether definite history can be written from such memoranda, must rest with the future archae- ologist.
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THE INDIAN TRIBES OF WISCONSIN
The obscurity which enshrouds the history of the aborigines of the northwest prior to 1634, continues the gradation of human occupation of the soil, from the impenetrable mystery of the Mound Builders to the era of letters. But little is known of the lives and habits of the savage nations inhabiting what is now Wisconsin, before their discovery by civilized man. The sparse knowledge which has come down to us, of those years of war- fare, during which the untutored brave contested with his brother for the right of existence, or of the milder and infrequent periods of peace, wherein were enjoyed rude arts and tender passions, have but a basis of tradition on which to stand; and as a subject invested with romantic hues, because so far removed from the stern glade of historic fact, form a gracious topic for the pen of fiction rather than the pen of history.
It is the purpose of this work to treat but briefly of those divisions of the Indian nations which fill merely an auxiliary or preliminary station in the record of Wisconsin tribes.
The country bounded on the north by Lake Superior, on the east by Lake Michigan, on the south by wide spreading prairies, and on the west by the Mississippi, was first seen by a European in the year 1634. Jean Nicolet then discovered that upon this wide area met and, with measurable peacefulness, mingled two far-reaching families-the Algonquins and Da- kotas. The exception to the rule of hostility was the Winnebago tribe, which, although belonging to the Dakotas or Sioux, were peaceful toward the Algonquins. Parkman says: "A detached branch of the Dakota stock, the Winnebago, was established south of Green Bay, on Lake Michigan, in the midst of the Algonquins." Tradition points to the former as having, at some distant period of the past, migrated from the east-and this has been confirmed by a study of their language; to the latter as coming from west or southwest, fighting their way as they came. As yet there were no representatives of the Huron-Iroquois seen west of Lake Michigan, that great family then dwelling northward and southward of Erie and Ontario lakes.
Of the Algonquins, the principal branches were the Chippeways, Me- nominees, Pottawattomies, Mascoutins, Miamis, Kickapoos and Illinois (the latter to the southward) ; of the Dakotas but two divisions were in Wis- consin, the Winnebagoes and a few bands of chance Sioux.
Already had the French secured a foothold in the valley of the St. Lawrence; and, naturally enough, the broad expanse of water to the west- ward offered an irresistible inducement to the explorer. Thus it was that the shores of Green Bay were visited in 1634, by Jean Nicolet, who beheld, upon the right in ascending the bay, a tribe of Indians, lighter in complexion than their neighbors, remarkably well formed and active. These were what are now known as the Menominees. Although of the Algonquin stock, their dialect differed so much from the surrounding tribes that for a long time they were accredited with a distinct language. Their homes and hunt- ing grounds were on the Menominee river, though within the period of a century they shifted somewhat, and without infringing upon the territory
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HISTORY OF SHEBOYGAN COUNTY
of other tribes, spread out to the westward and southward, their principal village at that time being at the head of Green Bay. In 1634 they took part in a treaty with some representatives of the French, who at this time were intent upon the occupation of this wild region. After this, twenty years elapsed before there is any record that they were again visited by white men.
Early in December, 1669, Father Claudius Allouez visited the mouth of Green Bay, and on the third of that month celebrated Holy Mass for the first time in his new field of labor. In May of the following year, he reached the Menominees, who were then a feeble tribe, suffering from dis- asters in war, and nearly exterminated. He did not remain long with them, and was succeeded by Father Louis Andre, who built a cabin upon the Menominee river. This hut the savages burned, and he was afterwards obliged to live in his canoe. He was not wholly unsuccessful in his mis- sionary work, for, in 1673, Father Marquette found good Christians among this tribe. By degrees they extended their intercourse with the white fur traders, and gradually were drawn under the banner of France. They joined that government in its war with the Iroquois, and subsequently in its conflict with the English.
In 1760 the French post at Green Bay was surrendered to the British, though the latter did not take possession until the autumn of the following year. The land upon which the fort stood was claimed by the Menominees. Their principal village was located there, though a lesser one was at the mouth of the Menominee river. They did not rebel at the occupancy of the British, possibly for the reason that they were in a reduted state, having lost three hundred of their warriors by smallpox, and many of their chiefs in the late war in which the French commander had engaged them against the British. Moreover, they found an advantage in dealing with British fur traders, as they could purchase supplies of them for half the prices they had paid the French. Their good faith to their new allegiance was soon put to the test, as Pontiac's war broke out in 1763, and the post of Mackinaw was captured. This, instead of inciting them to a revolt against their new rulers, gave them the opportunity to prove their integrity, for they, with other tribes, escorted the garrison at Green Bay across Lake Michigan, to. the village of L'Arbre Croche, on their way to Montreal. Their alliance with the British continued through their first war with the American colonies, and through the later contest of 1812-15. But, as they had yielded peaceably to the British after their conquest over the French, so when the American force arrived at Green Bay to take possession of the country, they greeted the commander as "my brother." At this time their territory had become greatly extended. It was bounded on the north by the dividing ridge between the waters flowing into Lake Superior and those flowing south into Green Bay and the Mississippi; on the east by Lake Michigan; on the south by the Milwaukee river, and on the west by the Mississippi and Black rivers. This was their territory, though they were practically restricted to the occupation of the western shore of Lake Mich- igan, lying between the mouth of Green Bay on the north and the Milwaukee river on the south, and to a somewhat indefinite area west. Their general
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