USA > Wisconsin > Green County > History of Green County, Wisconsin. Together with sketches of its towns and villages, educational, civil, military and political history; portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 2
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975 Jones, Burr W
427 Kelley. John ...
Eldred. Stephen R
1089 Hollerbush, George.
IX
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE PAGE
Meythaler, Andrew
896 Penn, W. C.
883 Sears, Thomas.
1009 Straw, Josiah. 1078
Michael, George.
754 Pengra, George S.
1117 Searles. J. B
805 Strader, John. 775
Milbrandt, Angust.
1032 Pengra, Marshal H.
292 Shaw, Daniel N.
705 Streiff, Fred. 1044
Miles, Martha
1093 Perry, John B
375 Shaff, Thomas
1078 Streiker, Andrew 1120
Miller, Moscs
901 Perrine, Joseph.
976 Searles, Robert D
1124 Stuart, Joseph W
828
Miller, J. B ...
970 Perrine, John L.
974 Selleck, Hanford M
1018 Stuntz, A. C.
550
Millman, T J.
775 Perrine, William C
1129 Shank, Henry
Milliken. Benona.
1119 Pfister, John J.
835 Shull, Jesse W.
Mitchell, Jesse
799 Phelps, Nonh ..
282 Sherman, James T.
831 Sutton, Zebolon
~10
Mitchell, Thomas.
1000 Phillips, Israel.
701 Sherbondy, John L.
Mitchell, Benjamin
1099 Phillips, George W.
899 Shook, Jonas
967 Sutherland, Justus 1099
Mitchell, Franklin
293 Phillips, Levi D
899 Short, August.
1085 Sutherland, A. W 968
Mitchell, Thomas
716 Palmer, Mason.
761 Shriner, Ferdinand.
Mitchell, Samuel.
716 Picket, Augustus
755 Silver, Willis ..
995 Sutherland, Daniel S 280
Moldenhauer, W. F.
876 Pierce, S. C
810 Silver, Christopher
Monroe, William.
426 Pierce, Josiah
1004 Silver, Artemas
Monteith, William
651 Pierce, Franklin
1004 Silver, Azarinh.
Montgomery, Jarvis W.
754 Pierce, Albert
1005 Silvor, Henry G ....
859 Syre, Knute O
1156
Moore, Joshua.
1141 Pierce, James.
1021 Simmons, Charlton J
1129
836 Taft, S. C .. 1013
832 Pletts, Samuel
877 Smith, Milo.
655 Taft, Sceva P 830
680 Tait, Walter .. 705
Morse, William G
765 Post, Orland B.
1087 Smith, James S
680 Tanberg, C. E. 548
620 Taylor, Lemuel. 904
Morse, Josiah P
854 Preston, Nathaniel.
880 Smith, Andrew J.
1137 Ten Eyck, Rachel M. 1051
Morris, Rowley
436 Pryce, Sr. Thomas
662 Smith, Richard A.
1137 Ten Eyck, Jacob. 1051
724 Ten Eyck, A. A. 801
969
911 Putnam, Oliver S
383 Smith, Emory
732 Thorpe, George W 969
743 Thomm, Fred.
931
Morton, A.
783 Putnam Hiram D
716 Smith, Hiram
756 Thompson, Charles F
835
Morgan, Daniel H.
360 Putnam, H. C
828 Smith, Andrew
801 Thompson, Joseph
834
Moreland, John ...
980 Putnam, Cyrus 1
1094 Smith, William
836 Thompson, Thomas W.
1112
Mosher, Erastns
655 Purintun, Judson M
708 Smith, Moses W.
862 Tilley, Edward. 709
Mullin, Frank
646 Purintun, Alonzo
732 Smith, Sr., William R.
645 Purington, A. C. 832 Smith, Samuel J.
697
Smith, F. W.
1125 Timins, Charles
661 Titus, John H
1013
Munger, Thomas
799 Raymer, Jesse
761 Smiley, William
430
Myers, John,
887 Regez, Jacob
1045 Smock, John C.
684
778 Towne, L. E ..
431
Nally, William R
913 Richards, Thomas B
853 Snyder, Johnl.
981 Trickel, Ashford
Neicks, Godfrey
1122 Richardson, Josiah V
826 Soper, Jolın .
891 Trickle, Edward.
676
Newman, Isaac.
880 Rinehart, William M.
764 Soper, Edward L
Newman, William S
881 Roberts, George W
430 South, George R.
Newman, V. B. S.
876 Roberts, Walter C.
431 5011th, Enoch ..
Newman, J. J.
1080 Roberts, John V.
754 |Soseman, John D.
429 Trogner, John H
1009
Nicho's, Louis A
681 Rhodes, M. P.
764 |Spabr, Peter
680 Roderick, Jacob L.
801 Spangler, George.
987 Roderick, W. W.
804 Spaulding, George T.
335 Trumpy, Henry.
834 Tschudy, Fritz ... 1034
619 Tschudy, J. Jacob. 972
382 Tschudy, Fridolin.
830 Tschudy, Fridolin
780 Tweedy, John H 298
Nulty, Peter
894 Ross, Leonard Ross, Milton.
851 Staley, Jonas S.
861
1095 ITla, John C. 1149
O'Neall William H.
1072 Ross, Marion F.
857 Starkweather, Harvey P ..
720 Ula, Christian H .. 1149
O'Neall, John B
1073| Ross, Arad.
859 Stauffacher, Isaiah
859 Stauffacher, Henry.
1115
1100 Van Matre, Lewis D. 990
1044 Van Wagenen, Garret 985
425
1008 Van Wart, Sr., Harry ~13
896 Vance, Samuel 1101
877 Vanderbilt, Sovina. 10,4
435 Vineyard, James R. 2014
832 Voegley, Jacob. 895
1144
1145 Walworth, John 593
36" Warner, Charles A ... 1071
1040 Warren, John H. 407
1113 Warren, Lovewell 684
891 Warren, Zebina .. 687
1115 Warren, Lemnel. 684
1119 Warren, Lemuel H.
687
Peckham, Abel
507 Schindler, Henry
Peebles, Philander
1148 Schindler, Gabriel.
1037 Stevenson, James.
1124 Stevenson, William.
881 Way, William John
1020 Webb, William .... 706
Peebles, William H
664 Scott, S. A.
Peebles, Edwin M.
665 Scott, Amos.
860 Stites, George W.
764 Wells, T. B.
Pellen, Gotlieb.
918 Scott, Richard.
651 Stockburn. Francis B.
734 Wells, Addison P. 893
Painter, Emanuel
779 Sadler, George ..
1120 Stealy, Jeremiah H.
724 Stewart, Harmon B.
724 Stewart, John
Patton. G. R ..
824 Stewart, John W
Patchin, W. B.
992 Schadel, S. P
990 Stewart, John W
Patterson, Thomas
986 Schuetze, Louis.
932 |Stuessy, Melchoir ..
981 Stephens, Sylvester R
Patterson, Franklin. 733 Schuler, Samuel Patterson, J. L 723 Schmid, Melchoir.
Payne, E. W.
807 Schmid, John Peter. 707 Schindler, Fred ..
1037|Stephens, Chester. 1036 Stephenson, Nathaniel. 1035 Stephenson, Charles J. 977 Stephenson, John
1115 Warren, Eugene F. 688
882 Washburn, Cadwallader C 199
Peebles Hibbard
1148 Schwartz, Carl
Peebles Seth V
664 Schlittler, Melchior.
1142 Steinman, J. C. 727 Steinger, Eli ..
903 Twining, Nathan C.
991
O'Brien H.
940|Ross, William H
853 Stabler, Benjamin
1123 Underwood, Edward 915
Odell, J. W.
605 Ross, Abel E. 902 Ross, David B 859 Stauffacher, Jacob A.
Osgood, Lewis P.
892 Ronb, Lewis.
880 Stauffacher, Deitrich.
Ostrander, James L.
883 Rowe, Samuel.
798 Stauffacher, Dietrich.
1016 Van Wagenen, Henry. . .
Osborne, William. 885 Ruegger, Edward.
Owens, Jr .. William
1156 Rush, Henry .. St. John, Charles
744 Stauffacher, Abraham
1010 Stauffacher, Anton.
Parkin, Peter Parkin, Charles
853 Sawin, Alvin J.
1007 Sawin, John ... 869 Sawyer, John B.
879 Sprague, E. R.
Norton, John W
854 Rodocker, Levi.
885 Sprague, Louis A. W.
Norton, John ..
1142 Root, James
732 Sprague, Burr ..
Norder, Gustave.
1123 Rood, J. L.
982 Stair Bros ..
Northcraft, Samuel
791 Ross, Augustus
852 Starr, Solomon
978 Trousdale, George .. 425
973 Trousdale, James L. 4:25
Nichols, Samuel F Niles, John S. Noble, S. P.
786 Roderick, Andrew
879 Spooner, Wyman
Noggle, David
341 Roderick, James W
$33 Smith, Granville W.
"23 Tilley, Jr., Sampson. 709
Mullin, Martin.
1088 Tilley, Sa upson TUS
Murrey, William P
Murdock, John C.
1116 Randall, Archibald N
377 Smiley, Daniel.
661 Tochterman, Christopher.
778 Tomkins, Charles W
Myers, Emma J.
1088 Reynolds, J. S. Richards, John ...
1021 Smock, LeRoy S
981 Treat, Joseph B.
288 968
892 Trickle, Andrew J
602|Trotter, John. 890 891
917 Trotter, William
860 Ties, Fred J .. 1089
Mosher, E.
985 Purintun, Talbert.
891 Smith. Daniel S ..
Morse, Calvin ..
858 Preston, Frank.
781 Smith, W. R.
Morris, H. P.
911 Pryce. Jr., Thomas
663 Smith, Jonathan.
Morris, William H
911 Pryce, Edward ..
662 Smith, Stephen
732 Thorp, Henry,
Morris, John S.
Morton, James
753 Putnam, John J ..
383 Smith, Henry
:55 Thomson, Robert. 702
Morton, L. W. P
1005 Putnam John J
715 Smith, Miles
Moore, William F
1123 Pike, Charles
982 Skinner, W. R
Moore, Harvey F
Moore, Lewis F.
1021 Poff. Levi H ..
762 Studley, F. K.
986
744 Sullivan, David.
1121 Sutherland, Solomon 1112
982 Sutherland, F. B. 1101
995 Sutherland, James 281
996 Swan, Stephen. 236
995 Sylvester, Amos R 109%
1120 Weismiller, Samuel ...
Peckham, Winfield S.
548 Stauffacher. Anton
806 Truax, Samuel. 824 ,84
852|Staley, Joseph
Olson, Rollin ..
99] Smock, Frank H.
Y
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
Wells, Thomas L.
965 Whiteomb, Joshua.
659 Williams, H. P.
916 Young, Isaae W
1075
Wells, Peter
965 Whitcomb, R. C ..
920 Williams, Clark ..
1077 Young, John A. 807
Welton, Seth.
903 Whitcomb, James
1014 Williams, Seth C
1078 Young, Samuel. 1076
West, George.
826 Whitmore, E. W
730 Wing, E. T ..
738 Young, W. W.
738
West, William J.
912 Whipple, Henry.
913 Winter, George.
738
West, Samuel.
1116 Wiederkehr, Henry
903| Witmer, Henry C
606 Zeltlow, Herman F 1124
West. 1). W ..
1147 Willis, Robert.
435 Wolcott, Lucius
973 Ziegenfuss, William E .... 431
Wescott, Walter
287 Wilcox, Asahel
1012 Wood, John
709 Zimmerman, Rudolph .... 917
Wheeler, Alonzo
1157 Wilson, Williamn.
856
Wood, B. L ..
971 Zimmerman, Henry. 903
White, O. . I ...
291 Wilson, John
857 Woodling, Francis
827 Zimmerman, J. Conrad .. 1042
White, James W
750 Wilson, James
857 Woodling, John HI ..
1094|Zimmerman, John S .. 1093
White, Eugene A
776 Wilson, Peter
1001 Woodworth, Wilbur C. . . 585 Zimmerman, Benjamin .. 1093
White, H. K.
889 Wilson, Ira ..
1002
Worriek, Abram.
885 Zimmerman, Isaac 1093
Whitehead, John.
Whiton, Edward Vernon.
334 Williams, Manly H.
812 Wright, Colin W.
381|Zimmerman, G. W
1081
PORTRAITS.
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
Austin, Seth
397 Diven, Emanuel
271 Moreland, John.
415 Sutherland, Solomon. 133
Doolittle, Ezra
199
Stewart, H. B.
487
Beach, B
433
Pierce, S. C.
289
253|Twining, N. C.
361
Brant, John A
325 Eldred, S. L.
379 Pike, Charles
Randall, A. N
307
181
Campbell, James
631 Goodrich, Mrs. Marthena
650
451 West, Samuel Wescott. J. F. White, O. J.
217
Campbell, Mrs. James
632 Green, A. W
505
Clinton, E. D.
559 Green, W. C.
343 Sherman, J. T.
541 Witmer, H. C.
667
Cornelius, N
69
Sherman, Mrs. J. T.
542 Woodling, John W. 613
Craven. R.
469| Jackson, Thomas A
595 Spaulding, George T.
577 Woodling, Nancy
614
1113 Wickersham, Taylor.
917 Witmer, Joseph N
606
West, Matthew
1120| Wiley, Joshua
779, Witmer, David
607 Zeitlow, Frederick .. 884
Wescott, J. F
763 Williams, Isaac T.
761
Bridge, J. H.
523
Goodrich, George.
649 Rush, Henry
235
Certificates of Green County.
We, the undersigned members of the committee appointed to revise and correct the General History of Green County, Wisconsin, do hereby certify that the manuscript of said history was submitted to us, and that we made all the changes and additions that we, in our judgment, deemed necessary; and, as corrected, we are satisfied with and approve the same. Monroe, June 7, 1884.
N. Cornelius,
J. V. Richardson,
N. Churchill,
T. H. Eaton,
J. A. Kittleson,
Chas. A. Booth,
Herman L. Gloege,
A. Ludlow,
J. Jacob Tschudy,
1
1
¿ Committee.
We, the undersigned members of the committee appointed to revise and correct the history of (our respective towns) Green county, hereby certify that we have examined and heard the same read and have made all the corrections and addi- tions that we, in our judgment, deemed necessary, and as so changed, are satisfied with and approve the same:
O. J. White,
O. H. P. Clarno,
Alpheus DeHaven,
-Clarno.
Henry Diven.
C. R. Deniston,
Hiram Smith,
-Cadiz.
Jacob Roderick,
G. R. Patton,
J. S. Brown,
A. Riley,
John A. Chambers,
-Jefferson.
Andrew Harper,
S. T. Crouch,
C. J. Simmons,
Fred Blum,
- Washington.
William B. A. Soper,
L. T. Osgood,
-Jordan.
J. F. Grinnell,
H. M. Brazel,
Jonas Shook,
-Adams.
N. Cornelius,
O. H. P. Clarno,
N. Churchill,
-City of Monroe.
-Town of Monroe.
P. Minert, Thomas Flint, William Webb, Robert Thomson, W. H. Hudson, Samuel Mitchell, J. B. Chase,
- Albany.
E. F. Fleck,
E. Bowen,
R. J. Day,
W. B. Mack,
-Decatur and Brodhead.
H. G. Silver,
J. W. Norton,
P. P. Havens,
-Exeter.
J. W. Kildow,
D. M. Davis,
J. H. Woodling,
-Spring Grove.
James McCoy,
John Dalrymple,
Francis B. Stockbourn,
E. J. Andrew,
J. C. Zimmerman, Thomas Luchsinger, -New Glarus.
M. H. Pengra, S. D. Ball, I. E. Bowen,
-Sylvester.
N. Cornelius,
N. Churchill,
J. B Galusha,
T. J. Bragg,
F. Pierce,
William H. Coates,
P. Wilson,
-Mt. Pleasant.
S. C. Campbell,
Hibbard Peebles,
J. S. Gabriel,
-York.
-Brooklyn.
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.
CHAPTER I.
PRE-HISTORIC AND SETTLEMENT.
T a remote period there lived in this coun- try a people now designated mound build- ers. Of their origin nothing is known. Their history is lost in the lapse of ages. The evi- dences, however, of their existence in Wiscon- sin and surrounding States are numerous. Many of their earth works-the so-called mounds-are still to be seen. These are of various forms. Some are regularly arranged, forming squares, octagons and circles; others are like walls or ramparts; while many, especially in Wisconsin, are imitative in figure, having the shape of implements or animals, resembling war clubs, tobacco pipes, beasts, reptiles, fish and even man. A few are in the similitude of trees.
In selecting sites for many of their earth works, the mound-builders appear to have been influenced by motives which prompt civilized men to choose localities for their great marts; hence, Milwaukee and other cities of the west are founded on ruins of pre-existing struc- tures. River terraces and river bottoms seem
to have been favorite places for these mounds. Their works are seen in the basin of the Fox river, of the Illinois, and of Rock river and its branches, also in the valley of the Fox river of Green bay, in that of the Wisconsin, as well as near the waters of the Mississippi. As to the object of these earth works, all knowledge rests upon conjecture alone. It is generally believed that some were used for purposes of defense, others for the observance of religious rites and as burial places.
In some parts of Wisconsin are seen earth works of a different character from those usu- ally denominated "mounds.". These, from their supposed use, are styled "garden beds." They are ridges or beds about six inches in height, and four feet in width. They are arranged methodically and in parallel rows. Some are rectangular in shape; others are in regular curves. These beds occupy fields of various sizes, from ten to a hundred acres.
The mound builders have left other evidences besides mounds and garden beds, to attest their
1
18
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.
presence in this country, in ages past. In the Lake Superior region exist ancient copper mines, excavations in the solid rock. In these mines have been found stone hammers, wooden bowls and shovels, props and levers for raising and supporting mass copper, and ladders for descending into the pits and ascending from them.
There are, also, scattered widely over the country, numerous relics, evidently the handi- work of these pre-historic people; such as stone axes, stone and copper spear-heads and arrow heads, and various other implements and uten- sils. As these articles are frequently discov- ered many feet below the surface of the ground, it argues a high antiquity for the artificers. These relies indicate that the mound builders were superior in intelligence to the Indians. None of their implements or utensils, however, point to a "copper age" as having succeeded a "stone age." They all refer alike to one age, the indefinite past; to one people, the mound builders.
There is nothing to connect "the dark back- ward and abysm" of mound-building times with those of the red race of Wisconsin. And all that is known of the savages inhabiting this section previous to its discovery, is exceedingly dim and shadowy. Upon the extended area bounded by Lake Superior on the north, Lake Michigan on the east, wide-spreading prairies on the south, and the Mississippi river on the west, there met and mingled two distinct In- dian families, Algonquins and Dakotas. Con- cerning the various tribes of these families, nothing of importance could be gleaned by the earliest explorers; at least, very little has been preserved. Tradition, it is true, pointed to the Algonquins as having, at some remote period, migrated from the east, and this has been con- firmed by a study of their language. It indi- cated, also, that the Dakotas, at a time far be- yond the memory of the most aged, came from the west or southwest, fighting their way as they came; that one of their tribes once dwelt
upon the shores of a sea; but when and for what purpose they left their home for the country of the great lakes there was no evi- dence. This was all. In reality, therefore, Wisconsin has no veritable history ante-dating its discovery by civilized man. The country has been heard of, but only through vague re- ports of savages .* There were no accounts at all, besides these, of the extensive region of the upper lakes; while of the valley of the upper Mississippi, nothing whatever was known.
FIRST EXPLORATION OF THE NORTHWEST.
The history of Wisconsin commences with the recital of the indomitable perseverance and heroic bravery displayed by its first visitant, John Nicolet. An investigation of the career of this Frenchman shows him, at an early age, leaving his home in Normandy for the new world, landing at Quebec in 1618, and at once seeking a residence among the Algonquins of the Ottawa river, in Canada, sent thither by the governor to learn their language. In the midst of many hardships, and surrounded by perils, he applied himself with great zeal to his task. Having become familiar with the Algonquin tongue, he was admitted into the councils of the savages.
The return of Nicolet to civilization, after a number of years immured in the dark forests of Canada, an excellent interpreter, qualified him to act as government agent among the wild western tribes in promoting peace, to the end that all who had been visited by the fur-trader might remain firm allies of the French. Nay, further: it resulted in his being dispatched to Nations far beyond the Ottawa, known only by heresay, with whom it was believed might be opened a profita' le trade in furs. So he started on his perilous voyage. Ile visited the Ilurons, upon the Georgian bay. With seven of that Nation, he struck boldly into wilds to the north- ward and westward never before visited by civ- ilized man. Ile paddled his birch canoe along
*Compare Champlain's Voyages, 1632, and his map of that date; Sagard's, Histoire du Canada: Le Jeune Relation, 1632.
-
19
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.
the eastern coast of Lake Huron and up the St. Mary's Strait to the falls. He floated back to the Straits of Mackinaw, and courageously turned his face toward the west. At the Sault de Ste. Marie, he had-the first of white men-set foot upon the soil of the northwest.
Nicolet coasted along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, ascended Green Bay, and finally entered the mouth of Fox river. It was not until he and his swarthy Hurons had urged their frail canoes six days up that stream, that his western exploration was ended. He had, mean- while, on his way hither, visited a number of tribes; some that had never before been heard of by the French upon the St. Lawrence. With them all he smoked the pipe of peace; with the ancestors of the present Chippewas, at the Sault; with the Menomonees, the Winneba- goes, the Mascoutins, in what is now the State of Wisconsin; with the Ottawas, upon the Man- itoulin Islands,and the Nez Perces, upon the east coast of Lake Huron. He made his outward voyage in the summer and fall of 1634, and re- turned the next year to the St. Lawrence. He did not reach the Wisconsin river, but heard of a "great water" to the westward, which he mistook for the sea. It was, in fact, that stream, and the Mississippi, into which it pours its flood.
"History cannot refrain from saluting Nicolet as a distinguished traveler, who, by his explora- tions in the northwest, has given clear proofs of his energetic character, and whose merits have not been disputed, although, subsequently, they were temporarily forgotten." The first fruits of his daring were gathered by the Jesuit fathers, even before his death; for, in the autumn of 1641, those of them who were among the Hurons at the head of the Georgian bay of Lake Huron, received a deputation of Indians occupying the "country around a rapid [now known as the 'Sault de Ste. Marie'], in the midst of the channel by which Lake Superior empties into Lake Huron," inviting them to visit their tribe. These "missionaries were not displeased
with the opportunity thus presented of knowing the countries lying beyond Lake Huron, which no one of them had yet traveled;" so Isaac Jogues and Charles Raymbault were detached to accompany the Chippewa deputies, and view the field simply, not to establish a mission. They passed along the shore of Lake Huron, northward, and pushed as far up St. Mary's strait as the Sault, which they reached after seventeen days' sail from their place of starting. There they-the first white men to visit the northwest after Nicolet-harrangued 2,000 Chippewas and other Algonquins. Upon their return to the St. Lawrence, Jogues was captured by the Iroquois, and Raymbault died on the 22d of October, 1642,-a few days before the death of Nicolet .*
WISCONSIN VISITED BY FUR TRADERS AND JESUIT MISSIONARIES.
Very faint, indeed, are the gleams which break in upon the darkness surrounding our knowledge of events immediately following the visit of Nicolet, in what is now the State of Wisconsin. That the Winnebagoes, soon after his return, made war upon the Nez Perces, kill- ing two of their men, of whom they made a feast, we are assured .* We also know that in 1640, these same Winnebagoes were nearly all destroyed by the Illinois ; and that the next year, the Pottawattamies took refuge from their homes upon the islands at the mouth of Green bay, with the Chippewas.t This is all. And had it not been for the greed of the fur trader and the zeal of the Jesuit, little more, for many years, probably, would have been learned of the northwest. However, a ques- tioning missionary, took from the lips of an Indian captainį "an account of his having, in the month of June, 1658, set out from Green Bay for the north, passing the rest of the sum- mer and the following winter near Lake Supe- * History of the discovery of the northwest by John Nico- let in 1634, with a sketch of his life, by C, W. Butterfield, Cincinnati. Robert Clarke & Co., 1881.
* Le Jeune, Relation, 1636.
+ Col. Hist. New York ix, 161.
* Not "captive, " as some local histories have it.
20
HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.
rior ; so called in consequence of being above that of Lake Huron. This Indian informed the Jesuit of the havoc and desolation of the Iro- quois war in the west ; how it had reduced the Algonquin Nations about Lake Superior and Green bay. The same missionary saw at Que- bec, two Frenchmen who had just arrived from the upper countries with 300 Algon- quins in sixty canoes, laden with peltries. These fur traders had passed the winter of 1659 on the shores of Lake Superior, during which time they made several trips among the surrounding tribes. In their wanderings they probably vis- ited some of the northern parts of what is now Wisconsin. They saw at six days' jour- ney beyond the lake toward the southwest, a tribe composed of the remainder of the Hurons of the Tobacco Nation, compelled by the Iroquois to abandon Mackinaw and to bury themselves thus deep in the forests, that they could not be found by their enemies. The two traders told the tales they had heard of the ferocious Sioux, and of a great river upon which they welt-the great water of Nicolet. Thus a knowledge of the Mississippi began to dawn again upon the civilized world."*
The narratives of the Indian captain and the two Frenchmen induced further exploration two years later when Father Rene Menard attempted to found a mission on Lake Superior, with eight Frenchmen and some Ottawas. Ile made his way in 1660 to what is now Keweenaw, Mich. He determined while there to visit some IIu- rons on the islands at the mouth of Green bay. He sent three of his companions to explore the way. They reached those islands by way of the Menominee river, returning to Keweenaw with discouraging accounts. But Menard re- solved to undertake the journey, starting from the lake with one white companion and some Hurons ; he perished, however, in the forest, in what manner is not known, his companion reaching the Green bay islands in safety. White men had floated upon the Menominee, * History Northern Wisconsin, p. 39.
so that the northeastern part of what is now Wisconsin, as well as its interior by Nicolet in 1634, had now been seen by civilized white mant.
FOUNDING OF JESUIT MISSIONS IN WISCONSIN.
In August, 1665, Father Claude Allouez embarked on a mission to the country visited by Menard. Early in September he had reached the Sault de Ste. Marie, and on the first day of October, arrived in the bay of Chegoimegon, at a village of Chippewas. Here he erected a chapel of bark, establishing the first mission in what is now Wisconsin to which he gave the name of the Holy Spirit. While Allonez had charge of this field, he either visited or saw, at Chegoimegon, scattered bands of Hurons and Ottawas ; also Pottawat- tamies from Lake Michigan, and the Sacs and Foxes, who lived upon the waters of Fox river of Green bay. He was likewise visited by the Illinois, and at the extremity of Lake Superior he met representatives of the Sioux. These declared they dwelt on the banks of the river "Messipi." Father James Marquette reached Chegoimegon in September, 1669, and took charge of the mission of the Holy Spirit, Allouez proceeding to the Sault de Ste. Marie, intending to establish a mission on the shores of Green bay. He left the Sault Nov. 3, 1669, and on the 25th, reached a Pottawattamie cabin. On the 2d of December he founded upon the shore of Green bay the mission of St. Francis Xavier, the second one established by him within what are now the limits of Wisconsin. Here Allouez passed the winter. In April, 1670, he founded another mission; this one was upon Wolf river, a tributary of the Fox river of Green bay. Here the missionary labored among the Foxes, who had located upon that stream. The mission, the third in the present Wisconsin, he called St. Mark.
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