USA > West Virginia > Kanawha County > Charleston > History of Charleston and Kanawha County, West Virginia and representative citizens > Part 21
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157
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
2 Jackson, Warren Miller, Rep., Ripley. Jackson, H. W. Huey, Rep., Ravens- wood.
I
Jefferson, C. M. Wetzel, Dem., Millville.
5 Kanawha, R. M. Hudnall, Dem., Cedar Grove.
Kanawha, A. M. Belcher, Dem., Charles- ton.
Kanawha, Peter Carroll, Dem., Charles- ton.
Kanawha, F. N. Carr, Dem., Charleston. Kanawha, H. D. Currie, Dem., Charles- ton.
I Lewis, E. A. Brannon, Dem., Weston.
I Lincoln, M. D. Good, Dem., Griffittisville.
I Logan, R. E. Vickers, Dem., Chapmans- ville.
3 Marion, C. L. Shaver, Dem., Fairmont. Marion, W. B. Ice, Jr .. Dem., Barracks- ville.
Marion, J. Robert Burt, Dem., Manning- ton.
2 Marshall, C. A. Barlow, Rep., Benwood. Marshall, E. F. Moore, Rep., Mounds- ville.
2 Mason, A. A. Parsons, Dem., Leon.
2 Mason, Chas. S. Edwards, Dem., Mason City.
2 Mercer, F. M. Steele, Rep., Elgood. Mercer, B. W. Pendleton, Dem., Prince- ton.
I Mineral, Jas. C. Liller, Rep., Keyser.
I Mingo, Wells Goodykoontz, Rep., Will- iamson.
2 Monangalia, S. L. Wildman, Rep., Mor- gantown.
Monangalia, D. H. Courtney, Rep., Mor- gantown.
I
Monroe, Clarence Syneres, Dem., Peters- town.
I Morgan, V. E. Johnson, Rep., Berkeley Spgs.
2 McDowell, G. T. Enling, Rep., Key- stone.
McDowell, Jas. A. Strother, Rep., Welch.
I Nicholas, F. N. Alderson, Dem., Rich- wood.
4 Ohio, Nelson C. Hubbard, Dem., Wheel- ing.
Ohio, Dr. Harry Hubbard, Dem., Wheel- ing.
Ohio, C. G. Whitham, Dem., Wheeling. Ohio, Thos. L. Padden, Dem., Wheeling.
I Pendleton, J. D. Keister, Dem., Brandy- wine.
I Pleasants, R. L. Pemberton, Dem., St. Marys.
I Pocahontas, Jno. A. Mclaughlin, Dem., Marlinton.
2 Preston, S. C. Felton, Rep., Whetsell.
Preston, S. L. Cobun, Rep., Masontown.
I Putnam, Ben Morris, Dem,. Winfield.
I Raleigh, Geo. W. William, Dem., Beck- ley.
I Randolph, Jno. T. Davis, Dem., Elkins.
2 Ritchie, J. C. Lacy, Dem., Ellenboro. Ritchie, Newton Law, Rep., Cairo.
2 Roane, W. W. Ogden, Dem., Newton. Roane, H. D. Wells, Dem., Spencer.
I Summers, A. P. Pence, Dem., Pence Spgs.
I Taylor, T. P. Kenny, Dem., Grafton.
I Tucker, R. J. Clifford, Dem., Hambleton.
2 Tyler, Riley McIntire, Dem., Alvy. Tyler, A. A. Meredith, Dem., Sisters- ville.
I Upshur, H. F. Ours, Rep., Buckhannon.
I Webster, W. S. Wysong, Dem., Webster Spgs.
2 Wayne, Frank W. Terill, Dem., Wayne. Wayne, W. W. Marcum, Dem., Ceredo.
2 Wetzel, Septimus Hall, Dem., New Mar- tinsville.
Wetzel, J. F. Throckmorton, Dem., Lit- tleton.
I Wirt, W. T. Owens, Dem., Elizabeth.
3 Wood, A. G. Patton, Dem., Parkersburg. Wood, L. H. Jeffers, Dem., Mineray Wells.
Wood, J. K. Jolly, Rep., Parkusby.
I Wyoming, H. W. Sanders, Dem., Oceana.
STATE AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
West Virginia Governors :- Arthur I. Bore- man, Republican; William E. Stevenson, Re- publican; John J. Jacob, Independent ; Henry Mason Mathews, Democrat; Jacob B. Jackson, Democrat; E. Willis Wilson, Democrat; A. Brooks Fleming, Democrat ; WV. A. MacCorkle,
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HISTORY OF KANAWHA COUNTY
Democrat; G. W. Atkinson, Republican ; A. B. White, Republican; W. M. O. Dawson, Repub- iican; and W. E. Glasscock, Republican.
West Virginia Congressmen, including Ka- awha District :- Kellian V. Whaley, Daniel Palsley, John S. Witcher, Frank Hereford, John E. Kenna, C. P. Snyder, J. D. Alderson, I. H. Huling, C. P. Dorr, D. E. Johnson, Joe H. Gaines, A. B. Littlepage.
U. S. Senators, West Virginia :- Waitman T. Willey, P. G. Van Winkle, A. I. Boreman, H. G. Gaines, A. T. Caperton, Samuel Price,
Frank Hereford, J. N. Camden, J. E. Kenna, C. J. Faulkner, S. B. Elkins, N. B. Scott, C. W. Watson and W. E. Chilton.
Kanawha County in the state government- Governors, E. W. Wilson, W. A. MacCorkle and G. W. Atkinson.
Secretaries of State-Charles Hedrick, H. I. Walker, W. E. Chilton.
Attorney General-C. C. Watts.
Treasurer-Peter Silman.
State Librarians-John L. Cole, E. L. Wood, P. S. Shirkey, S. W. Starke and J. C. Gilmer.
CHAPTER IX
CHARLESTON-THE COUNTY SEAT
Col. Bullitt's Survey-Lewisburg Established-Construction of Fort-The Beginning of Growth -Growth of Population-Early Designations of Charleston-Legal Tender-First White Child Born-Charleston Legally Established-Its Condition in 1794-The Only Good In- dian-Tragedy of White Man's Fork-Thomas Teays Saved by an Indian-Murder of the Morris Girls-Charleston's First of Things- Legislation Relative to Charleston-West Virginia Decisions-Charleston in 1836-1838-Court House-Charleston as the State Cap- ital-Chamber of Commerce-Water and Electric Light Plant-City Officials-Population.
THE BULLITT SURVEY
It seems that in dealing with this locality we should begin with Col. Thomas Bullitt, who was the first one to see that its location was a good one. He was born in 1730, in Prince William County. In July, 1754, he was a Captain with Washington at the Great Mead- ows, (but not making hay). In 1756 he was at Winchester, on May Ist, and on Jackson's river in July and in November back at the Fort Cumberland, and in 1758 he was a cap- tain in Major Andrew Lewis's command, and when they captured Fort du Quesne, he was called the "bold and ardent bullitt." In 1759 he was at Winchester, guarding ammunition provisions and wagons with a very few men, when he was attacked, defeated and lost heav- ily.
In 1760 he was made a surveyor and as- signed to work on the Ohio. In 1773 he was on the Kanawha and there were with him others going to Kentucky: to wit: James Douglas, James Harrod, John Fitzpatrick, James San- dusky, Isaac Hite, Abraham Haptonstack, Abram Senous and John Cowan, and this year he made surveys for Frankfort and Louisville. He made a survey on Kanawha of 1,030 acres above Elks mouth and 1,240 acres below the mouth of Elk. He also owned a square of land of 2,618 acres opposite St. Albans. His
will was probated in Faquier in 1778, and the patent for the 1,030 was given to Cuthbert Bul- litt in 1779, and Cuthbert's will was recorded in Prince William in 1781, and he gave the 1,240 to his four daughters. The 1,030 acres Cuthbert conveyed by deed dated Dec. 28, 1787 to George Clendenin, a copy of which is found in 10 W. Va. Reports 404.
In the patent it says the survey was made in May, 1775 and the grant in 1779; and while on the subject of title, we might add, that Clen- denin conveyed to Joseph Ruffner and he to his sons, and much of it is yet in the Ruffner family.
There were with Geo. Clendenin, also his father Charles, and his brother William, Rob- ert, Alexander Clendenin and also Josiah Har- rison, Francis Watkins, Shadrack Harriman. Chas. McClung, John Edwards, Lewis Tack- ett, John Young, James Hale and others con- tinued to come.
It was in 1788 that George Clendenin began to construct the fort on the 1,030 acres and it was the 1,030 acres covered with elm, syca- more, beech and such like trees that had to be removed, and some of them used to build the fort, to be thick enough to stop a bullet and there was no saw mill.
GROWTH OF CHARLESTON
Charleston was said to have begun to grow
159
160
HISTORY OF KANAWHA COUNTY
May I, 1788. It was located on the east bank of the Kanawha river, immediately above the mouth of Elk River, which empties into the Kanawha. There has always been a little ir- regularity as to the points of the compass at this point. We speak of North Charleston and if you proceed in same direction across Elk, there it is called West Charleston or the West End, and if you go across the Kanawha, they call it South Charleston; so that, in fact, the compass seems to have nothing to do with the naming of names. Charleston was started be- fore the county was organized, that is the town began to grow, while the county was made Oct. 5, 1789.
It is said that there were seven houses made in 1790, and probably this is all that were then
The growth in population of Charleston has been about as follows :
From 1778 to 1790 35
From 1790 to 1800 60
From 1805 to 1810 100
From 1810 to 1820 500
From 1820 to 1830 750
From 1830 to 1840 1,200
From 1840 to 1850. 1,500
From 1850 to 1860 1,800
From 1860 to 1870 4,000
From 1870 to 1880
4,500
From 1880 to 1890 8,000
From 1890 to 1900 11,099
From 1900 to 1910 23,000
There were two streets laid off, running up from Elk, to where Capitol street now is, and
2 mile
1240A
1030A.
KANAWHA
RIVER.
BULLITT SURVEYS .
THE BULLITT SURVEYS.
Thomas Bullitt made two surveys at the Mouth of Elk on the Kanawha-one above and one below Elk, both of which are covered by the city of Charleston (Surveys were Steps to be Taken Preparatory to obtaining).
needed. The fort could hold all that came, but the houses were more comfortable.
Charleston is in line of 3812º north latitude which is the same as San Francisco, St. Louis, Washington, D. C. yet we are a little south of the center of the state. There is no prospec- tive rival in any other city, unless it is Kanawha City and that will be absorbed or Kanawha City will absorb Charleston, and they will make one good large city. So far as town room is concerned, we are surrounded by an "embar- rassment of riches." All of Kanawha City on the south, all creation on the north and west, so that there is no lack of rooin.
there were cross streets on the lots between. This map was made by the surveyor of Green- brier County, a Mr. Welch. There was sub- sequently another map found in William Clen- denin's possession with the streets somewhat extended, but practically the same. The houses at first located were about as this, to wit :
One on the upper corner of Kanawha and Truslow; one at the upper corner of Kanawha and Court; one between Alderson and Sum- mers on Kanawha; one at N. W. corner of Kanawha and Summers; one at N. W. corner of Kanawha and Capitol; one at N. E. corner of Kanawha and Hale.
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
In 1789 when the county was organized, there were seven houses. In 1798 there were about twelve, from 1803 to 1810, about twenty. The town had no name specially. It was called "The Town at the Mouth of Elk," and was sometimes known as "Clendenn Settlement" or his Fort. The pound, shilling and pence, English money, was used in Kanawha until the dollar and cents were used in 1799. But there was not sufficient money in Virginia to answer the purpose of trade and business, and tobacco was made a legal tender and thus used. The assessor's books show the use of English money for some years after the county was organized and the calculation is not now easy, nor was the payment of taxes with tobacco, nor with money.
General Lewis Ruffner was the first white child born in Charleston and he was born Oc- tober 1, 1797. Joseph Ruffner came from the valley of Virginia and started from his farm with a view of investing in iron lands in the Alleghanies. He met Col. John Dickinson and learned of the great salt springs at the mouth of Campbell's Creek on the Kanawha and also learned that said salt was on Col. Dickinson's 502 acres, and Ruffner purchased the same in the year 1793. He then went on and when he saw the Clendenin 1,030-acre tract, with the county and town started, he purchased that also. This was the beginning of the Kanawha Ruffners, and there has never been any end.
Charleston was established by Act of Assem- bly Dec. 19, 1794. . "It was enacted that forty acres of land, the property of George Clendenin, at the mouth of Elk River, in the County of Kanawha, the same as laid off into lots and streets, shall be established as a town by the name of "Charles Town," and Reuben Slaugh- ter, Andrew Donnally, Sr., William Clendenin, John Morris, Sr., Leonard Morris, Geo. Alder- son, Abram Baker, John Young and William Morris, gentlemen, are appointed trustees."
Says John P. Hale : "On the 19th of Decem- ber, 1794, the legislature of Virginia for- mally established the town, and fixed its name as 'Charlestown.' It is a curious fact that, although the legislature had officially estab- lished the county, in 1789, as 'Kanhawa,' and now the town, in 1794, as 'Charlestown,' both
names by common consent, became changed- one to 'Kanawha' and the other to 'Charleston.' How, why or when, nobody knows. Some years ago there was much trouble and annoy- ance about our mail matter, growing out of the confusion of the post-office names of our Charleston, and Charlestown, Jefferson county. With a view to remedy this, a public meeting was called here to discuss the propriety of changing the name of our town from Charles- ton to 'Kanawha City.' It was warmly dis- cussed, but defeated, mainly on the sentimen- tal ground that it would be sacrilege to abol- ish the name of the dear old pioneer who had shed his blood and risked his life here, "in an early day," among the Indians; had founded the town, given it his own name, and built a fort to protect and defend his neighbors as well as himself, etc. Sentiment prevailed, and the name remained unchanged; but the writer took some pains to look up the early history of the settling and naming of the town. It was soon discovered that the founder's name was George, not Charles.
This somewhat staggered the sentimental- ists, but they recovered, saying that George was a very modest gentleman, and, instead of tak- ing it himself, he had conceded the honor of the name to his brother, whose name was Charles; and they clinched this by quoting Howe, who, in his History of Virginia, so states; and other historians all follow Howe. But a further investigation of the family rec- ords showed that George had no brother Charles; then it was conjectured that the name was probably given in honor of his son Charles, but a still further investigation of the family genealogies proved that he had no son. After much search of records, and tracing of tradi- tions among the old timers, the writer has but recently arrived at the facts of this case through Mr. C. C. Miller, of Mason county, a descendant of the Clendenins. He says the town was named by George Clendenin, the founder, in honor of his father, whose name was Charles. He was an elderly gentleman, who came here with his sons, died in the Clen- denin block house, and was buried near the up- per end of the garden.
162
HISTORY OF KANAWHA COUNTY
CHARLESTON IN 1794.
There was a court, a court house, a jail and other like conveniences and accommodations for civilized man, there was a fort, stockade and block-house for the benefit of Indians and other uncivilized men. There was plenty of water and wood, a very little salt, no coal (visible), and in the upper end of the county there were farms with everything thereon that a farm ought to have, there were fishes in the river, and bears in the woods with other animals which hunters like to find; and this year we hear the good news that in the wars between the white and red soldiers the Indians are glad to make peace and that the heretofore eternal, skulking, scalping Indian will bother the peo- ple no more.
We cannot avoid thinking that an Indian is a very poor citizen. Bears, wolves, wild cats, snakes and objectionable "varmints" are bad enough but they are no meaner than, or by no means so bad to have around as, an Indian, and whoever it was that said that there was but one good Indian, was about right when he made it perfectly plain that the good one was the dead one.
It may have been intended that the people of the earth were to live together on the face of the planet, and it can be done, but the In- dians were an exception. It was the delight of the Indian to find unprotected white people, people that had no gun. They had their own, and it was useless to preach peace-you'd got to die. Cruelty was the Indian's most agree- able pastime.
We must not omit the case of the "White Man's Fork." About 1780 some Indians made their way into Greenbrier and there were among others killed, John Pryor, Hugh McIver, Henry Baker and the Bridges brothers, one of their wives, and some other women, and some chil- dren taken prisoners.
.A short time thereafter, William Griffith, and his family were killed and there was one lad, his son, that was made a prisoner by them. There were two came down the river with the boy and they made their way up Elk river, when it was discovered and made known. There was John Young, Ben Morris, William
Arbuckle and Robert Aaron, who took their guns and followed up some creek, out to the west of Elk-some unknown and unnamed stream, they came up to the camp of the In- dians, they fired on them and killed one and the other made his escape, and young Griffith was secured and taken back with the white men. The man that was killed, although disguised as an Indian was a white man-a dead one, too. This creek was ever known as the "White Man's Fork" and it was the fork of Aaron Fork of Littly Sandy. Long live the names of the men that killed that scoundrel white man that was willing to take unto himself the nature of an Indian.
Just one more, about Thomas Teays, who was captured by Indians in 1782. It was pro- posed to take him to Sandusky to be burned with William Crawford, but there was one In- dian in the meeting that recognized Teays, to whom Teays had shown some favor, and his in- fluence in Teays' behalf secured his release. Just one lone Indian, who had manifested some gratitude! We would not take one grain of good from any one-glad to credit one Indian with a spark of mercy to one who had showed it to him. We would like to record another, but we can but recall the two girls of Henry Morris, who went out to drive in the cows and both were killed; which deed so roused in Henry Morris eternal hatred to all Indians that he never again let one live; he treated them as the man did in the show, when he saw the snakes. "He always killed them whenever he saw 'em."
CHARLESTON'S "FIRST OF THINGS"
"They were such men, take them for all in all, We shall not look upon their like again."
This is what Dr. Hale said of the people of Charleston and Kanawha county, when he wrote his "Trans-Allegheny Pioneers."
I refer to his book for the following state- ments :
The first pottery factory for milk crocks, whiskey jugs, etc., was by Stephen Shepperd, about 1818.
Mr. Gabriel Garrau was the first to carry on the hatters trade; he began about 1816 and we
AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
163
should guess he was also the last, but he was not. James Truslow was the first tailor, about 1815. The first shoemaker was George Mitchell, about 1815. The first cart and wagon makers began among the salt furnaces. There were no mosquitoes, nor mosquito bars until 1840. Volney visited Charleston in 1776 and by Audubon, in 1812. Albert Gallatin and De Witt Clinton located lands in this county "in early days." "Old Greasy" was the name
sale liquor house was by S. Strauss & Co. in 1876. The first wholesale shoe house was by Jelenko and Loeb, in 1877. The first hearse and dray was by Noah Colley soon after 1830, previous to this, transportation was by oxen, and pack-horses. The first public school build- ing was erected in 1870 on State Street. The first wharf-boat was established by H. W. Good- win in 1865. The first machine barrel fac- tory was started by Morgan and Hale in 1872.
FRONT & STEET, 35 BANK. SAKENNAWA 5 9043970
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PLAT OF CHARLESTON, AS LAID DOWN BY THE CLENDENINS, SHOWING THE STREETS AND LOTS.
given to Kanawha river, on account of the oil, petroleum, seen on the surface of the river.
Charleston and Cincinnati were settled in the same year, 1788, the former in May and the latter in December.
Near Kanawha & Goshorn streets there was an ancient cemetery of some primitive race. This was exposed by the caving in of the river bank. The first wholesale grocery was by Ruby and Hale in 1872. The first wholesale dry goods house was by Jelenko Bros. in 1874. The first wholesale hardware house was by W. F. & J. H. Goshorn, in 1875. 11
The first foundry and machine shops erected in 1871. The first woolen-mill by Rand and Minsker, in 1866. The temporary capitol was erected in 1871, the permanent capitol in 1885. The first steam brick machine was introduced in 1870. The first natural gas well in town, was bored in 1815 by Capt. Jas. Wilson and was the first in America, as far as heard from. The Charleston Extension Co. bought the Cox farm, and sold it in lots in 1862. J. B. Walker purchased the land below Elk in 1871 and laid it off in lots. The Glen Elk Co. purchased and
The first whole -. sold, up Elk in 1881 on the west side of Elk.
ELK RIVER
MAIN
STREET
Madenek
Hanimam 6
John Edwards
John Edwards &
GREAT KENNAWA,
164
HISTORY OF KANAWHA COUNTY
The Brooks property, on which was the Clen- denin block-house, was sold in lots in 1859. The first dry-docks were established by J. J. Thaxton & Co. in 1873 at the mouth of Elk. The first Opera House was built in 1873, and called the "Cotton Opera House." The first mayor of Charleston was Jacob Goshorn in 1861. The first ice factory was by Lieut. Staunton, erected in 1885. The water-works, by Col. E. L. Davenport was begun in 1885. Ward's patent tube boiler was established by Chas. Ward in 1883. The Kanawha Military School was established by Major Thomas Sny- der in 1880. The U. S. Post Office building was completed in 1884. The Ohio Central Railroad was completed in 1884. In 1875 Judge Lynch held his first court here, and Es- tep, Dawson and Hines on December 24th, at night, (by about 300 men), were taken to Campbell's Creek and hung. Kanawha river improvement was begun by the United States in 1873. Brick pavement on Summers street was laid in 1873. Chesapeake & Ohio Rail- road opened for travel in 1873. The Hale House was opened in January, 1872 and de- stroyed by fire in 1885. In May, 1871, Charles- ton was lighted by gas. Spring Hill Cemetery was established in 1871. The first steam ferry was established in 1871. The streets of the city were given new names and recorded in 1871. The highest water known in the Kana- wha river, was in 1861, and the next highest in 1878. The most violent hurricane was in 1844; its mark was left from central Kentucky to central Pennsylvania. Cholera visited Charleston in 1832 and again in 1849. High water was around the Court House in 1822. The Elk Log Boom was constructed in 1869 by Huling Brokerhoff & Co. The Keystone Bridge was built in 1873, destroyed by ice gorges in 1879, and rebuilt in 1882. The Sus- pension Bridge across Elk was built in 1852. Ferries across Kanawha were established in 1820. The first ferry was by Geo. Clendenin in 1794, across Elk and Kanawha river ; John and Langston Ward in 1809 lived on the South Side and ran a ferry, from Ferry Branch to mouth Elk, on either side. The Bank of Vir- ginia established a branch in 1832. The first
Brass Band was established in 1858 by Prof. Carl Fine. The first newspaper was in 1819. The first Post Office was April 1801, the first post master was Edward Graham. The next was Francis A. Du Bois, Jan. 1, 1803, then William Whittaker, Oct. 1, 1808 and was for years managed by James A. Lewis. The of- ficial name of the postoffice was "Kanawha Court House" until Sept. 30, 1879. The first blacksmith was John Greenlee, and Jack Neal the second. The first school teachers were: H. P. Gaines, next Levi Welch, then Jacob Rand, followed by James A. Lewis, Lewis Ruffner and Ezra Walker. Mercer Academy was built in 1818. The first Drug Store was by Dr. Rogers, father of Dr. J. H. Rogers in 1825. The first Undertaker was S. A. Skees in 1869. The first tan-yard was by William Blaine, be- low Elk "in early days." The first fruit trees were brought by Fleming Cobb. Anne Bailey brought the first pair of geese from Lewisburg. The first watch and clock-maker was in 1808, Thomas Mathews, Sr. He said the first set- tlers were all healthy, peaceable, moral and happy, until the doctors, lawyers and preachers came; then they began to get sick, to quarrel and law, and developed all sorts of meanness. The mail came from Lewisburg every two weeks, until 1810 on horse-back. The price of whiskey and peach brandy, per gallon $2.00 in 1820. The first resident physician was Dr. Eoff, in 1811, then Dr. W. W. Thompson and Dr. Spicer Patrick, came in 1816. The first taverns were the Boston tavern and the Griffith tavern both on Kanawha Street. Dr. Henry Ruffner was the first Presbyterian preacher in 1816. Rev. Asa Skinn was the first regular Methodist preacher for the circuit. The Bibby Flooring Mill was operated by Joseph Bibby in 1837. The first Saw Mills were on Two-Mile of Elk between 1815-1820.
It is claimed that John Welch was a hatter and his shop was a log house, on the corner of Kanawha and Truslow street.
That Buster's Tavern was on the upper cor- ner of Kanawha and Court. The proprietor's name was Thos. Buster and his house was the most noted house between Richmond and the Ohio river ; and now it appears that Ellis Brown
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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS
kept a hatter shop where Dr. Roger's Drug Store has been so long. And John Hart also was a hatter.
Griffith's Tavern was where Frankenberger's store now is.
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