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USA > Florida > A Catholic history of Alabama and the Floridas Volume 1 > Part 1
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23
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HIOLIC HISTORY OF MA AND THE FLORIDAS
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US 21060.6
Darbard College Library
HAR
ET
RI
EMI
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CHRISTO
ECCLESIA
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IS
FROM THE BEQUEST OF
JOHN HARVEY TREAT OF LAWRENCE, MASS. (Class of 1862)
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A CATHOLIC HISTORY
OF ALABAMA AND THE FLORIDAS
BY A MEMBER OF THE ORDER OF MERCY AUTHOR OF "THE LIFE OF CATHARINE MC AULEY," "LEAVES FROM THE ANNALS OF THE SISTERS OF MERCY," ETC.
VOLUME I
NEW YORK P. J. KENEDY & SONS PUBLISHERS TO THE HOLY APOSTOLIC SEE 1908
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JAN 16 1919 LIBRARY
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Copyright, 190S. P. J. KENEDY & SONS, NEW YORK.
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DEDICATION
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CATHOLIC HIERARCHY AND CLERGY THE SUCCESSORS OF THE HUMBLE, SAINTLY APOSTOLIC MEN WHO, IN THE PAST LABORED SO ZEALOUSLY AND FAITHFULLY AMID PRIVATIONS AND HARDSHIPS INNUMERABLE EVEN TO THE SHEDDING OF THEIR BLOOD TO PROPAGATE THEIR FAITH IN ALABAMA AND THE FLORIDAS THIS WORK COMMEMORATING THE GLORIOUS DEEDS OF THESE NOBLE PIONEERS OF CATHOLICITY IS MOST REVERENTLY INSCRIBED IN THE HOPE THAT THEIR SUCCESSORS MAY BRING BACK TO THE FOLD OF CHRIST THE STRAYED SHEEP LIVING IN THE REGIONS SANCTIFIED BY THEIR PRAYERS AND LABORS
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DEDICATION.
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PREFACE.
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CHAPTER I.
Antiquity of the story of Alabama .- Early Records wanting .- De Soto's baptism of fire with Pizarro .- Sweet-sounding name on the Great Seal .- Celebrated for extraordinary valor .- Opinion of an Indian scholar .- De Soto athirst for greater fame .- The Emperor honors him .- On condition of convert- ing the natives .- His star in the ascendant .- The first horses in America .- He sails for Cuba with his bride .- Nuptial re- joicings .- Mauvila .- Garcilasso de las Vegas .- Sounding v as b condemned by the Spanish Academy .- Terrible battle .- Bancroft's opinion .- A Pyrrhic victory .- Mrs. Semple's remi- niscences .- Baptized by Bishop Portier .- Beauties of Clarke County.
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CHAPTER II.
Sad details .- Hopeless illness of De Soto .- Pious Preparation for death .- Like the Lives of the Saints .- Touching circumstances. -Far from the scene of their glory and disasters .- The pros- trate warrior .- His holy death .- Zeal for the Indians .- Grief of his followers .- The dream of a dream .- The Body, the watchers .- They "steadfastly gazed on the face of the dead." -The oaken coffin .- In the Mississippi .- Beneath the shadow of the Cross .- The first Requiem .- A fountain, the poetry and legend .- Phantom Priests .- Beautiful traditions .- Lived and warred in barbaric glory .- No herald published the death of De Soto .- The faithful Isabella hears the sad news. Dies of a broken heart. The remnant.
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CHAPTER III.
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Piety of many Spaniards .- Family life .- Isabella the Catholic .- Her daughters emulated her virtues .- Like Alfred .- Pictu- resque insanity of Juana .- Catholics of the highest type .- Beautiful prayer .- A thoroughly Catholic enterprise .- " The salvation of a soul is worth more than the conquest of an empire."-Catholic homes .- At Avila .- John of the Cross .- St. Teresa's family .- Brothers in America .- Letter of the Saint .- The women of Avila beseech Marshal Serrano to spare the Convents. Life of St. Teresa .- IMPRIMATUR of Archbishop Vaughan 36
CHAPTER IV.
" They must conform themselves to the divine will."-Answer to prayer .- Incidents .- " Pray to God for what you need."- Ojeda enters a monastery .- " The Protector of the Indians."- Las Casas, a Bishop .-. Beautiful Cuscos .- Bishop Juarez .- De Luna .- Evils exaggerated .- Good minimized .- " Honey from the rock."-" Oil from the flint stone."-Washington Irving on the Priests .- Santa Fe .- Simon Rodriguez writes to King John 43
CHAPTER V.
About Melendez .- Goes with Philip II. to England .- Marriage of Queen Mary Tudor .- Her holy death .- The Queen's Chair in Winchester .- Melendez founds St. Augustine .- Holy aspira- tions .- The first Jesuit .- The achievements of the pioneers .- The Spaniards, the first Apostles .- Gabotas .- On a mission of mercy .- A general massacre .- Total want of care and nour- ishment .- Burnt at the stake on Palm Sunday .- Arms stacked before the church .- Mercy of the Viceroy .- The earliest priestly explorer .- Wonders he accomplished .- Lay Brothers and Brothers of Third Orders aid the Clergy .- Negro receives the habit .- An Indian also .- Incessant labors of the Francis- cans .- Santa Elena .- The Indian world was their parish .... 47
CHAPTER VI.
Melendez recalled to Spain .- He wanted to return to his Indians .- The Invincible Armada .- His holy death .- Invasion of the Huguenots .- They gave no quarter to priests .- Thirty-nine
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missionaries put to death .- Barbarities of Sorie .- At Havana .- Melendez set his mark on Florida .- Ponce de Leon and the Fountain of Youth .- Everglades .- Bright skies and salubrious air .- Father Cancer scalped by the savages .- Many slain by the pagans .- Brighter days .- Radiations from Santa Elena .- The River of the Holy Ghost .- The Silver Spring .- To restore strength to his tottering limbs and light to his faded eyes .- " Bimini! where none grow old."-A Radiant Easter Sunday. -Sweet herbs and tisanes .- The Spaniards thought the New World was made for themselves .- Treasure galleons .- Yellow bars and ingots .- Balboa
CHAPTER VII.
The Blood of the Martyrs .- English and apostate Indians .- Fiendish Cruelty .- The leader of the outrages .- Governor Moore .- Some murderers captured .- Converted by Father Roger .- Holy death .- A Shifting City .- Cardinal Borgia .- Bishop Durango .- " By good example and good works."- Missioners everywhere .- Indian before the pine cross ; Black Robe pouring on his head the waters of regeneration .- Pioneers, First settlers .- Irving's estimate of Isabella
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CHAPTER VIII.
Turnbull of infamous memory .- Commissioned in England .- Brings out 1500 immigrants .- The champion promise- breaker .- Heroism of Father Camps .- Minorcans rise against their oppressors .- They abandon New Smyrna .- Revolting cruelties .- Sorrowful procession .- Turnbull rides after them .- Monette's remark .- Bishops Pellicer and Manucy, descendants of the brave carpenter, Pellicer .- Count Arthur O'Neil, gov- ernor of West Florida .- " Where the rivers wander o'er sands of gold !"-Compelled to migrate in a body .- Inventory .- Persecution .- Merciful regulations of the Council of Nice .- A dry Mass .- A nautical Mass .- Providing for the hearing of Mass .- Holy oils for the Sacraments of Confirmation, Baptism, Holy Orders, and Extreme Unction .- Supplied with the Consent of the Catholic King .- British Honduras .- The Thir- teen States .- Father Carroll empowered in 1784 .- The Negro. -Slavery .- Convent marriage .- A bower of roses .- New Year's Day .- Louis and Constance .- Slaves in Rhode Island. -Bishop Berkley.
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First glimpse of Florida .- Mystic Music of Pascagoula .- " Round towers of other days."-Fort McRae .- The Navy Yard .- Fires. -View from the Old Fort .- Behind you .- Palmetto .- Ocean of molten silver .- San Miguel .- Redolent of poetry and ro- mance .- " When I was young a poet sang of me." 78
CHAPTER X.
Pamphilo de Narvaez, first Register .- Not the Fortunate Islands .- Converts .- Señor Guzman godfather .- Victories of Galvez .- Bishop Cyrillo .- No freedom from Lord Thurlow .- Historian of Mississippi .- Quoted by Shea .- " Extreme extremities."-A sea of glass mingled with fire .- New parishes .- Father Velez. -Death of Father Camps .- War with the English .- What might have been.
CHAPTER XI.
Iberville at Pensacola .- At Biloxi .- First Mass, April 19, 1700 .- Better without grounds than without altars .- Not commercial enterprise, but religion .- In advance of civilization .- Treasure- galleons of Spain .- Chickasaws summoned to a Conference .- Mosquitoes worse than the plagues of Egypt .- Cause much swearing .- A wonderful change .- La Salle .- The Copper-hand, Faithful Tonti .- Picturesque Hennepin .- The broken heart. -The Cross and the Te Deum .- An elephant through the eye of a needle .- Sad death .- Did evil spirits guard the Mississippi ? 90
CHAPTER XII.
" Treasures of the Deep."-The Coral cays of the Carribean .- Shod-mule track from Vera Cruz to Mexico .- Road of the Incas .- Affording passage to Apostolic men .- A Sainted teamster .- Died at Pueblo .- The Lemoyne Brothers .- Mer- chant prince born a peasant .- Magician of finance .- Welcome immigrants .- Daring feats of the runners .- Missionaries easily found their flocks .- The Name of Jesus allured them .- Wonderful walkers .- The dog-teams .- Curious anecdote ...... 98
CHAPTER XIII.
More about mosquitoes .- Would rather be devoured by lions .- Boils lanced .- The Plague of the Passes .- The ugly fashion of
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wearing patches concealed the bites .- Bienville's country. house. - Fireflies. - Divisions and subdivisions. - Gravier praises Bienville .- Death of King Charles III .- Services for his soul .- Margil at Natchitoches .- Districts .- Increase in pop- ulation. - Priests .- Iberville .- Deaths .- " Prosperity founded on smoke," Charles I .- Fires .- Claims of the Church .- Hum- boldt on Alexander VI. 103
CHAPTER XIV.
Names and Offices of the early priests 110
CHAPTER XV.
The well under the hickory tree .- Flood .- French and Spanish sing the hymns of the Church .- Bienville's knowledge of the Indians .- Birch canoes, Calabash rafts .- " A pass over the whole system."-Peltries from the land of the patient back .- The bell of the fig-tree .- Ambition to bring souls to God .- In the shade of the Ceiba tree .- The only way to convert the Indians .- Beautiful picture by Prescott .- Olmedo .- War-cry, Sant Iago !- The expiring age of chivalry .- Where the light lingered longest
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CHAPTER XVI.
Biloxi, first capital .- Details .- Renounce all that is transitory .- Without earthly comfort .- Registers .- Sufferers in a holy cause .-- A wolf in sheep's clothing .- Bishop of Babylon .- Mobile, a parish, July 20, 1703 .- De la Vente, Huve, Davion,-Vicar of KEBEC .- Bienville receives the Taensas .- Death of Louis XIV. -Of his queen .- The most influential woman in French history. -" I have a great devotion to Extreme Unction."-" I have spared others; I never spared myself."-Death of Bishop St. Valier .- Later priests .- Progress in Mobile .- Church dedicated. -Galvez styles it " La Purissima."-Registers original .- A prodigy of ignorance .- Fleurian, a royal Councillor. 116
CHAPTER XVII.
Abjurations of heresy .- Visitation by Bro. Raphael .- Lack of holy oils .- Endoyer .- Jesuit recalled to New Orleans .- Jesuits in Mobile .- Roche à Davion .- Father Ferdinand .- Other priests. Registers in Spanish .- Kindness of priests to each other .-
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Death .- Many Acadians .- Not to care for the soul of his neighbor was to put his own in jeopardy .- Father de Beaubois vanishes from History .- Madame de Bore, a pupil of St. Cyr. -Mosquitoes again .- Biloxi. 122
CHAPTER XVIII.
The prophetic wail of the Indian maiden .- The mist which shrouds the river .- History .- The tulip mania .- The South-Sea Bubble. -Like the gourd of the Prophet .- Guthrie .- Wax myrtle. -Hewers of wood and drawers of water .- They serve their purpose .- " Irish priests of great repute," from Spain .- The O'Connor Bishops take special interest in the weaker races .- As do all the Bishops .- Salamanca a royal College .- Founded by Philip II .- Partly endowed from the estate of the famous chieftain, O'Sullivan Beare .- Present Rector, Father O'Doherty. -Decorated by the King of Spain .- Father Hennepin .- Chaplain to Condé's soldiers .- Travels .- Not allowed to return
128 to Canada .- Name stamped on Minneapolis
CHAPTER XIX.
Two meek men in a frail canoe .- Membre's Relations .- Labors of Davion .- Another martyr .- City of Rosalie .- Sun-worshipers. Human victims .- By land and water .- Sale of liquor to the Indians .- Not allowed in Arizona .- A priest at Villa Gayoso .- Irish priests .- The stars and stripes .- Love for the Spaniards. -A fine organ destroyed .- Relic of the beheaded King of France .- The Spirit above .- Tormada .- Priests render heroic service .- Mission by Father Timon .- First priest ordained .- Dr. Carroll receives the Pallium .- Letter of Bishop Cheverus -Consecration of Bishop de Neckère .- Father Jean-Jean flees. -Order of Mercy .- U. S. Government sends money through this Order to rescue from captivity Americans in the piratical States of Barbary .- Indians love the French .- Jesuits and Lazarists .- Mr. and Mrs. Pierce Connelly .-- Good deeds of Seraphine Ray .- Signor Inglesi .- Charlevoix .- Bishop Chanche .- Ilis death 133
CHAPTER XX.
Death of Father Blondin .- Don Jose Vidal .- Father Vidal .- Gave his patrimony to the poor .- Bell given by Prince Tor-
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lonia of Rome .- Anecdote .- Gift of Miss Emily Harper .- Heirlooms .- The greatest living Latinist .- Telemachus .- Christ Church a landmark, 1805 .- Visit of Lafayette .- He calls on Père Antoine, April 13, 1825 .- The Courier .- A man of '76 .- Paintings from Cardinal Fesch .- Bishop Conwell baptizes a Prince .- Ex-King of Spain godfather .- He gave the Bishop a ring that had been worn by Cardinal Ximenes .- Bishops Rosati and Portier invited to the Baltimore Council .- Bishops call on the Signer .- Charles Carroll described by his granddaughter, Miss Emily Harper .- Prejudice .- Heroic pa- tience of Archbishop Carroll and St. Alphonsus .- The Society of Jesus restored .- Death of Archbishop Carroll .- Letter .... 142
CHAPTER XXI.
Charlevoix's plea for Louisiana bring the Jesuits to its aid .- Ursu- lines arrive at the Mississippi-The welcome of Father de Beau- bois .- Sketch of the arrival of the Ursuline Sisters .- Madeleine Hachard's description of New Orleans .- The Sisters begin their work .- Massacre by the Natchez Indians
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CHAPTER XXII.
Corner-stone .- Sodality in New Orleans, 1730 .- Much good done. -Death of the Ursuline Superior .- Her labors for New Orleans .- " Not lost but gone before."-Details .- " The first fruits of the Spirit."-Funeral .- Madeleine Hachard dies sud- denly, 1760 .- Daily preparation for death .- Sister Angelica welcomes the Acadians .- Charity bursts open the cloister door .- An aged Portress .- Scenes of a day that is done .- Sir Thomas Dongan issues a Charter of Liberties .- Mother Du- chesne .- Picture of a Vision .- The Hope of Christians. .. 152
CHAPTER XXIII.
Prejudice against the Jesuits .- The Superior Council follows the evil example of France .- Chapels destroyed .- Crimes of the Jesuits .- A foregone conclusion .- Jesuits make a spirited de- fense .- Nothing but edification, results .- They are deprived of house and home .- The chief people lavish kindness on them .- Goodness of Monsieur MacCarty .- The Capuchins overwhelm them with favors .- Continued marks of friendship .- The Jesuits show much gratitude .- The Jesuits suffered every in- dignity .- Five Capuchins for 4,000 people .- Odious vice of
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ingratitude .- The dust of Father Ferdinand .- A contrast to the " Home of the Happy."-The Ursulines could write another "Evangeline."-" A few acres of snow."-The King refuses to keep Louisiana .- His letter to Gov. Abbadie .- Ulloa driven from New Orleans .- A murderous act .- Dagobert receives O'Reilly .- A grand military function .- O'Reilly's acts .- Proofs of his genius .- " Flee, .gentlemen !"-The retributive justice of God .- Incidents .- Miniatures of O'Reilly .- Said to resemble Washington .-- Birth and early education .- Success in the Spanish army .- Saves the life of Carlos III .- Michaud's opinion .- O'Reilly and his friend, Pollock .- O'Reilly averts a famine .- His manners perfect. 1 58
CHAPTER XXIV.
O'Reilly's administration .- Concordia .- Loss of the Jesuits de- plored by the Ursulines .- A tiny Babe .- College of Orleans .- Lakanal .- He goes to Mobile .- The Vine and the Olive .- De- mopolis .- School in the Ursuline grounds .- Acadians charged with ingratitude .- Indians in Congress .- They promise not to scalp white captives .- Blacks and Browns.
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CHAPTER XXV.
Trinity College .- The King of Spain sends Irish priests to Florida. -Much good done by Philip II .- Irish boys find in Spain " a refuge from famine and danger."-"The Olive branch."- Strictness of religious Orders in Spain .- Emigrés .- Cahildo .- No relaxation in O'Reilly's atmosphere .- His successor ...... 174
CHAPTER XXVI.
Père Dagobert .- Ecclesiastical Superiors .- Mons. Vezin, a model Christian .- O'Reilly's administration not complained of .- Da- gobert fond of singing .- O'Reilly's fine social qualities .- "God is the true Patron of honest people."-Francisco Bou- ligny .- Mrs. Baldwin, née Bouligny .- O'Reilly's letters greatly to his credit .- Always ready to oblige and do favors .- Convent ceremonies .- Insurrection of San Domingo .- The aged René Mesnard was lost in the forest .- His cassock and breviary kept as amulets among the Indians .- The churches Crown property. -Never claimed by State .- Bishop Cyrillo buried Dagobert .- Left nothing undone for his immortal soul .- Strange stories
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about Père Dagobert .- Tintin Calandro's music .- " When the weather is warm and sweet."-At midnight the dead arise .- They shake off the cerements of the grave .- The Feast of the dead .- Our Lady of the Snow .- Artificial snow .- These wierd times have passed away .- Liberas, Requiems, Mass .- The dead no more greet the dead .- A Queen of Spain asked a Pope to open a College for Irish youths .- Calle del Corazon .- High School 179
CHAPTER XXVII.
Guzman godfather .- Details .- Victories of Galvez .- Catholic re- ligion restored. - New Register. - Contents. - Cyrillo .- He awaited funds for transportation .- Received none 187
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Missionaries live in their canoes .- As in Central America .- Sale of Tafia. 189
CHAPTER XXIX.
Bishop Blanc gave a retreat and a mission .- Trustees submit .- King Louis Philippe offers eight places in the Seminary of Bordeaux for students .- Advantages of Mobile .- All can make a living there .- The people were pious .- A vicariate as large as France .- Le Sueur .- Mass under the shady magnolia. Vestments, the skins of beasts .- The Indians kept the Faith. -Bishop Portier's first Mass on his return .- His disciples weep at the contrast .- Good health of the Ursulines .- Of their chaplains .- Also of their household .- Father O'Reilly of St. Augustine wills property for a Visitation Convent .- Kind- ness of the Bishop .- " I am with you."-A terrific storm .- No life lost .- Many injured by flying slates, etc .- The Noche triste. The Bishop consoles them .- Words of cheer .- They build a church .- A cloud .- A pillar of fire .- Convent in ashes .- Mary Campbell .- Prophetic words .- Cure d'Ars .- Bishop dies .-- Civil war .- New Convent .- Mother d'Arreger .. . .. 190
CHAPTER XXX.
More Missionaries .- Father de la Croix .- Pietus Belgarum erexit. -The children .- Bishop Portier buys more land .- To carry out the Bishop's prophecy .- Mobile blockaded .- In want of food
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and clothing .- Sisters go to New Orleans for relief .- Under a neutral flag .- Captain arrested .- Interview with General Banks. -War times .- Outlook gloomy .- The worst over .- Two nuns go to France .- Paris, Boulogne, Lyons, Dijon, etc., Miss Young's choice of schools .- Angela Johnson .- Remark of the Archbishop .- His sudden death .- The see of Natchez .- Religion flourished under Archbishop Blanc .- He breaks his leg while hastening to the sick.
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CHAPTER XXXI.
Visitation nuns erect a convent .- The exquisite Church of the Sacred Heart .- Foundation in humiliation and suffering .- Fifty years ago .- Church begun in 1894 .- " Education without religion worse than ignorance."-Friends of Napoleon, 1817 .- " The more godless schools we open, the more jail room shall werequire."-Yellow fever .- Bishop England's devotion to the stricken .- Grand Coteau .- A prediction .- The Indian Laws .- Indians always among the whites-Father Loras .- Saving a soul by every stroke of the paddle .- Crosses .- Father Bazin, Bishop of Vincennes .- Dagobert .-- Hurricane and fire .- Transfers .- Almonaster's Cathedral .- The taking of Louisiana by O'Reilly and the marriage of Almonaster's daughter, the grandest ceremonies in early days .- Pontalba Buildings .- Sereno .- Coat of arms over graves. - Tolling bells in memory of Almo- naster .- Louis Philippe in New Orleans .- Yo el Rey .- Death of Almonaster .- Buried in Cathedral. 203
CHAPTER XXXII.
Michael Portier goes with Bp. Dubourg to America .- Attacked by yellow fever .- Opens school .- Chosen bishop .-- New Orleans, the most important diocese next to New York .- Great increase, but non-Catholic .- Bp. Portier gets help from Europe .- Father Jean-Jean hiding .- Ceremonies .- Italian priests .- Seraphine Ray .- Her brilliant reception .- Her experience with Madame Mère and the Court Ladies .- " Vanity of Vanities."- "The Curran of the Alabama bar."-Thanks of the King .- Guizot. 213
CHAPTER XXXIII.
In watery regions .- Awful conflagrations .- " A thousand years scarce serve to form a state, An hour may lay it in the dust." --
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The Havana Bishopric .- Poor sailors' hospital destroyed .- Rebuilt by Almonaster .- City nearly destroyed again .- Sketch of Peñalvert .- Carondelet's letter .- The Church seemed a failure here .- Virtue not left to be its own reward .- Zeal of the new Bishop .- Descendants of those who drove out the Jesuits .- Mother Ramos defends Cyrillo .- Professions .- New Cathedral blessed Dec. 24, 1794 .- Civil and ecclesiastical au- thorities .- Blessed Sacrament carried to the new Church .- Te Deum by the whole congregation .- All congratulate Don Andres Almonaster .- His glory excites envy .- The King de- fends him .- " Such is my royal will.".
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