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الإسجدا
IC 976.1 151 7.1 1143050
SENEAT ARV ATTESTION
E
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02022 357 1
.
.
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/memorialrecordof00tayl
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Memorial Record
+ +
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ALABAMA
A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE STATE'S POLITICAL, MILITARY PROFESSIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS, TOGETHER WITH THE PERSONAL MEMOIRS OF MANY OF ITS PEOPLE.
IN TWO VOLUMES. 1
ILLUSTRATED.
1
VOLUME I.
MADISON WIS., BRANT & FULLER; 1893.
COPYRIGHT, 1893, BY BRANT & FULLER.
Democrat Printing Co., Madison, Wis.
CONTENTS. 1143050
VOLUME I.
CHAPTER I .- POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE STATE. By Hannis Taylor, Mobile.
Page
Page.
Page.
The Modern Conception of the State Defined
17
Spanish Discovery, Conquest and Settlement 21
Annexation of the Mobile Dis- trict
32 The French Colony in Marengo From 1802 to 1860 50 49
English Settlements on the At- lantic 21 The Three Settlements Bound French Discovery, Conquest and Settlement 25 32 The Legislative Power 58 27 up in the Mississippi Territory Bienville, the Founder of Mobile The Judicial Power 63 and New Orleans 33 Secession and Civil War 65 Reconstruction at Washington. 82
Florida and her Boundaries
Georgia and her Territorial Claims 29
The Mississippi Territory, 1798- 1917
33
Reconstruction in Alabama 86
Alabama Redeemed
29
CHAPTER II .- MILITARY HISTORY OF THE STATE. By Gen. Joseph Wheeler, Wheeler.
Page.
Page.
Page.
Early Wars
95
Jackson's Exploits 102
Treaties
103
The Cavalry 126
The French 98
The Civil War
106
The English 99
Aaron Burr
100
Alabama Troops in the War of Secession. 107
CHAPTER III .- THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATION. By Willis G. Clark, Mobile. Page. Page,
Page.
Colonial and Territorial Periods 154
University of Alabama 155
Administration of Dr. Basil Manly 157
The Agricultural and Mechani- cal College. 172 The Medical College of Ala- bamna 175
Institutes for Deaf, Dumb and Blind 178
Private
and Denominational
Rehabilitation of the University 163
Schools
209
CHAPTER IV .- STATE INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS. By Willis G. Clark, Mobile.
Page
Page.
Page.
Agriculture
217
Steel 256
General Products
218
Coal
257
The Cotton Belt
220
Manufacturers 286
Lime 298
The Mineral Belt
221
Cotton and Paper Mills.
287 Miscellaneous Manufacturing
The Tennessee Valley
222
General Progress
289
Industries 299
The State in General
223
List of Cotton Factories. 290
Forestry, Naval Stores and
Mines and Mining
233
Woolen Goods. 291 Lumber 303
The Precious Metals.
235 Cotton Compresses 295
Naval Stores 306
Copper
241
Cotton Seed Oil 295
Shingles. Staves 308
Lead
246
Cotton Gins 296
Yellow Pine Lumber Mills Tri- butary to Mobile 311
Iron 217
Hard Woods 317
CHAPTER V .- RAILROADS AND NAVIGATION. By T. H. Clark, Montgomery.
Page.
Early Means of Traffic-Water Craft
318
Triumph of Railroads 322
State
323
Railroads. 321
Statistics, etc 323
CHAPTER VI .- FINANCE AND BANKING. By Thomas H. Clark, Montgomery.
Page.
Page.
Page
Financial History of Alabama .. 329
Branch Banks
335
Liquidation 340
Banking and Currency System. 330
Schemes of Office Seekers 336
War Appropriations. . .
341
The State Bank 331
The Crisis 337
Repudiatiou 342
Capital Stock of State Bank 333
Wreck of the Bank 333
Reconstruction Period 312
Management of State Bank ... . .
334
Plots to Defraud 339
Settlement of the State Debt ... 343
PERSONAL MEMOIRS.
Page.
Page.
Page.
Autauga county
315
Clay county
644
DeKalb county. 929
Baldwin county
376
Cleburne county
651
Elniore county
933
Barbour county
394
Coffee county
654
Escambia county 951
Bibb county
478
Colbert county 686
Etowah county 1010
Blount county
499
Conecuh county 700
Fayette county 1022
Bullock county
514
Coosa county .. 722
Franklin county 1027
Butler county
551
Covington county
744
Geneva county 1031
Calhoun county
581
Crenshaw county
766
Greene county. 1042
Chambers county
624
Cullman county 798
Hale county 1053
Cherokee county
635 Dale county 802
Henry county
1022
Chilton county.
612 Dallas county 841 Jackson county
1131
Tin
216
Flouring and Grist Mills. 296
The Alabama Hospital for the Insane 179
The Public School System ..
...
181
Normal Schools 197
Administration of Dr. Garland 159
City and Town Schools 204
The Reconstruction Period 161
The Infantry 107
De Soto - The Indians - The Spanish 95
Mexican War 104
The Artillery 1344
Review of the Civil War in
Alabama
137
Massacres 101
Louisiana Purchase and Subse- quent Bonndary Disputes with Spain 30
Alabama Territory, 1817-1819 ... 43
Admission of the State of Ala- bama, 1819 44
Early Influences which Shaped Legislation 47
12.00
Page.
Page.
Plank Roads
The Railroad System of the
Rolling Mills, Foundries and Machine Shops 298
· INDEX.
VOLUME I.
Page.
Page.
Page.
Adams, J. A
802
Boyd, C. L ...
103
Crenshaw, E.
554-
Adamns, W. Y ..
1010
Bradley, J. J.
403
Crenshaw, W. H
553
Agnew, A. W.
1022
Bradley, J. W
Crew, J. S ..
726
Alexander, M.
394
Bradley, W. E
1076
Crews, J. E.
411 811
Allen, J. B.
Brislin, D
846
. Crim, G. S.
811
Almon, E B
686
378
Crook, E. F.
589
Almon, G. C.
Brock, F. P
626
Crook, J. M.
590
Alston, A. H.
Brooks, M. F.
954
Crook, S. M.
592
Alstou, J. M.
Browder, J. D 1051
Cross, W. C ...
1057
Anderson, A. W. S 1042
723
Crymes, A. C.
521
Anderson, J. H.
1131
Brown, W. D .. 705
Cub mann, J. G ..
798
Audrews, A. S.
1053
5)1
Culver, I. F
523
Andrews, W. D.
397
Bruce, L. M
724
Cunningham, G. A.
856
Arends, J. N.
951
656
Curry, T. W.
955
Archer, B L ..
1011
380
Daniel, T F.
774
Archibald, J. H.
1043
Bullock, E. C.
404
Darby, J. I ..
Atkins, V. B.
844
Bullock, W. I.
Darby, J. W
Austin, W. A.
Burch, S. G
Dawsey, J. F.
Aycock, W. B 1072
Burgamy, W. T
771
Dawsey, T. J.
Ayers, T. W
584
Burnett, J. D
706 Dawson, N. H. R
Bailey, J. D.
766
Burnett, J. F.
635 Davidson, J. L ..
Bain, C. L
Bush, T. G
585
Davidson, R. J ..
856
Baker, D. H 1011
Butt, R. L
Davie, J
412
Baker, J
1073
847
Davis, J. F. M.
Baldwin, B. J
Byars, W. G.
502 Davis, J. W.
Baldwin, E
Byrd, A. B.
803 Davis, R. L
Balleuger, W.
501
804
Davis, W. B.
Barnes, J. M
Callahan, T. J
502
Davison, J. M.
Barnett, W. W
Callaway, D. M ..
849
Dean, E ...
Barrow, D. S.
744
Caldwell, G ..
Baskin, W. C
1012
Canning, M.
953
Carmichael, A. H.
691
Dent, S. H .
Bates, A. W
478
Carmichael, J. H.
658 Diamond, J. M.
Battle, J. K
398
Carmichael, J. M.
806
Dickinson, A. J
Batson, J. P
722
Carroll, M ..
809
Dominick, G. J.
Beach, II. M
1025
587 Donald, J. G.
Beall, J. W
769
Cecil, R.
Donehoo, F G
Beard, J. B
Chadwick, S. W
1055
Dortch, J B ..
Beard, W.
Chapman, W. H ..
Doster, C. S. G.
Beck, W. G ..
746
Chisholm, J. C.
Doster, O. C ..
813
Beeson, W. B.
Chitwood. W. P.
Doster, S. J.
Bell, H. M. 1023
Douthit, W. H.
Bell. J. T
399
Clark, W. G.
660 Dowdell, J. R
Bentley, A. D
723
Clayton, H. D
Dowling, G. P.
Bentley, J. S.
722
Clemmons, W. F
Dowling, D. Y.
Benton, S. E.
Clopton, R. W.
Dowling, J. W
Betts, J. F.
Cochrau, L. L.
929
Downing. E
958
Bickley, E. L.
Cody, J. M.
Doyle, J. M
Biggers, L. J
Coffey, W. A
11:5
Drake, R W
Bishop, C. H
Collins, C. W
1056
Diewry, J. W.
Blake, W. H.
Collins. J. T.
1057
Drewry, J. W.
Blakey, R O
Coleman, T. W.
Drury, J. F
962
Bledsoe, J. M.
Comer. G. L
409
Duggar, R. H.
1059
Bledsoe, N. M.
515
Compton, J. C.
853 Dugger, H ... Dugger. G. W 479
1060 1061 710
Blue, J. D ..
654
Cooper, W. P.
583
Dyer, E. F ...
776 381
Blue, P.
517
Copeland, W. P.
410 Earle, F ..
Blunt, T
Cornelius, H. M
1015 Ellingtin, J. M.
Boazman, T ..
Costello, P D
661
Ellis, W. L. .
349
Bodenheimer, L
518
Covington, P. F.
810
Emmons, J. D. 963
Espy, J. S.
1086
Craig, G H.
854
Espy, T. M
1087
Borland, E. J
1033 Crawford, A. C.
1077 Evans & Co., H. H. 1061
Bouldin, V ....
Crawford, A. D
725 Evans, R. D. 646.
636
Bowls, P. D.
703 Crawford, J. W.
1080 Ezzell, J T. 1028
Boyu, A.
40t Crawford. S. H., Mrs 480
Farley, J. G. 643
Boyd, A.
1133
Crenshaw, A. 553
Feagin, J. M
521
Bowdoin, D. T
655
Crawford, J. R
1078
Ewing, R. T.
Book Co , Selma.
918
Cox. C. M.
663
Borders, A. J. H
585
Bledsoe, W. C.
6:24
Cooper, J. D ..
Blount, J. G ..
1014
Cooper, S. J.
693 Duke, A. G.
817 816 818
Bevans, J .. . 1013 Cody, F. M.
772 Downing, W. W
962
657
805
504 1058 1085 420
845
1052
1132
1056
1013
692
('lark, E. T ..
588
814 482 628
407
1034
1135
702
Cassaday, B. F.
850
701
700
659
592 345 7.5 414 956 514 812 627 417 748
Bryant, A. W
1081
1028
555
933
1034
1082
1083 859 481
584
519
Butler, W. S.
612
376
Byrd, T. A.
767
1031
5:20 850
Dean, J. J., Sr Denson, N. D ..
Bass, J. L ..
395
396
Browu, J. A
Crim, J. D.
Alldredge. P. G. 499
Bridges, J. M.
847
1131
Broadbeck, E.
1027
Broughton, J. T.
Brnuson, J. P
865 1058 556 503 866 346
514
400
644
1032
625
1134
vii
INDEX.
Page.
Page.
Page.
Fiulay, D. H
778
Howle, W. H.
651
McDonald, F. C.
784
Finlay, W. A.
964
Howison, A P.
487
McDonald, T. S
731
934
Howison family
484
McEwen, G. W
732
749
Hudson, F. N ..
506 McGowan, T. G
385
Flournoy, S. J
421 Huggins, J.
1063
McGuire. J H.
1024
Flowers, F. A.
560 Hughes, C. W ..
McIntosh, N.
755
Flowers, J. J.
558
Hughes, W. M ..
597
Mckenzie, B. B.
567
Flowers, J. D.
559
Hughs, J. J.
1036
McLauchlin, W. C
1037
Flowers, W. H,, Sr
557
Hunt, H. J.
384
McLeod, D
443
Flowers, W. M.
559
Hunt, R. C
1139
McLeod, J.
733
Fonville, J. C.
593
Hutchison, W. J
672
McMillan, J.
984
Forrester, B. A
10×8
Irwin, R. W.
1095
McPherson, L.
509
Fort, B. J ...
866
Ivey, J. W .
781
M ·· Queen, J. P
1019
Fort, L. P
869
Ivey, M ..
533
McRae, C. M
535
Foshee, S. J
965
Ivey. W. R.
1139
McTyer, J. F
414
Foster, G. W
1136
Jack, J. M ..
1064
Mc Whorter, H. P
931
Foster, J. A
422
Jackson, A. J
975
Maas, A.
885 884
Foster, S. J.
528
James, J. M.
507
Mabry, A. G ..
886
Fowler, J L
1091
Jerkins, W. J
1095
Mabry, S ..
445
Fowlkes, A. M.
869
Johnson, J. J
1036
Mahan, W. H.
Franklin, C. H.
531
Jones, A. W
879
Mallory, H. S. D
Frasier, D, J
483
Jones, E. G.
727
Malone, H H.
Freeman, J. F.
936
Jones, J. .
727
Marbury, J. H
353
Freeman, T. R
425
Jones, J. C.
7:27
Margart, F. S
447
Fuller, S. L
800
Jones, R. A
1140
Martin, A. L ..
Furniss, J. P
871
Jordan, J. M
1029
Martin, J. E ..
Gaboury, J. A.
594
Judkins, G. B.
939
Martin, H. H
Gaddis, W. P
936
Kelley, G. W
823
Martin, M .
448
Gaither, G. F
1015
Kendrick, J. E.
782
Maund, W. T
1105
Gale. F. P
929
Kennedy, A. E . Mrs.
488
May, D. G.
828
Galloway, T. C.
1016
Kennedy, J. S. & E
489
Mayo, C. Y., Sr
Galt, E. P.
872
Killeorew, T. J.
824
Mayo, C. Y., Jr
Gantt, P. J.
751
King, F. R.
694
Meadow, A. E.
Gantt, R. R
750
King, P. S
694
Meritte, F. M.
Gardner, J. S.
483
Kirk, W. F
1141
Merrill, J. B.
Garland. J. B.
426
Kirkpatrick, S ..
881
Merrill, T. L .-
785
Garrett, J. W.
Kohn, S
Merrill, W. J
786
Gasque, W. H
382
Kolb, L. W
826
Meyer, M. J ..
889 603
Gay, S ...
Koonce, W. C.
1098
Miller, J. N. 1030
Gay, S. G.
Knight, L S
Miller, J. T.
Gibson, L. B.
646
Knowles, W. T.
752
Miller, R. H.
756
Gill, W. B.
875
Knox, J. B
598
Glover, W ..
595
Knox, R. H.
643
Godwin, J. D
Lackey, W. M
Millikin, W. W
Goree, J. L.
Lamar, J. I. .
Milstead, A. J
941
Graham, W. P
583
Lancaster, J. A
940
Mixson, B. H
675
Graves, B.
428
Lane, M. H .
599
Mixson, W. C.
676
Graves, E.L.
430
Laney, Z. W., Sr
1099
Green, P. B
930
Landerdale, A. R
728
Green, W. B.
596
Lauderdale, J ...
882
Griffin, W. S.
Lawrence, G. D. W
639
Griffith, R. G.
Lawrence, J
637 638
Moore, J. B.
Grimmett, T. H
Lawson. A
1065
Moore, H. D.
Grisham, J. S
693
Lazenby, E. M.
Moore, R. H.
Gunter, R. C.
1137
Lazenby, G .:.
563
Moore, W. H.
Hadley, J ..
Ledbetter, W. G.
600
Mooring, J. S
Hall, T A.
Lee, A. V
49
Moragne, J. M.
Ham, P. J.
Lee, E. L
Moren, Mrs. M. F
Hamil, A. F
711
Lee, M. J.
673
Morgan, J. T.
Hannon, W. P
LeGrand, J. M
Morris, J. E.
Harkness, R
LeGrand, W C
600
Morris, E. G ..
Harold, A ...
Leigh, N. R ..
976
Morrisette, F. S
Harold, G. C.
Morrisette, J.
Harrell, L ..
560
Levy, E. S
884
Mosely, W. J
Harris, J. P
Lewis, B. H
753
Moxley, D. N
788
Harris, N.
Lindsey, W. H.
827
Mullen, A. J ..
893 716
Helton, J
1092
Livingston, A. R.
729
Murphy, S. S. Murphy, W. N.
1051
Henderson, C. D.
Lloyd, C. C
601
1109
Henderson, S. C.
Lloyd, G. W
Neal, W. A.
652 735
Herring, B. W
Logan. S. D
Nelson, R. M
894
Herrington, J.
Long, B. F.
Newman, R.
1111
Hickman, P. N
Long, J. B.
Newton, C. A
717
Hill, A. C.
Long, J. H ..
Newton, W. F
1110
Hill, B. A.
Lovelace, E. M.
Nicholson, W. J
494
Hill, J. S ..
1138
Lowry, J. B. .
Hobbs, E. H.
879
McAdory, P. J
729
450
Hobdy, R. L
582
McCain, R ..
602
607
Hodges, J.
1035
McCall, T. M ..
Noble, J. W 606
Holley, F. M.
1094 McClure, B. F. .
Noble, S ..
608 610
Holloway, R.
669
McCormick, G. C 448 Nolen, R. S 736
Horton, A
1045
McCreary, J. A. 715
Northen, T
648
Horton, E. B
713 McDaniel, M. L 1016
Northington, W. T ...
354
Hutchinson, N. O
670
McMillan, E. S ..
986
Forney, W. H.
Foster, J. W
1090
James, F. A.
1065
Maas. S ...
1102 982 1104
983 984 492 1106 652
Gatchell, E. S.
873
Koonce, J. S.
1097
Micon, B ..
874 874
783
932
Miller. W. G . 1066 1038 1107 Milligan, F. J
427 937
617 939
Montgomery, D. M. 1050 Montgomery, J. N. Moody, A. L. Moody, F. I .. 890 695 1108 Moon, W. H. 734 696
Griffith, T. J.
505 629
562
383 876 665
938 1044 967 966 Leslie, G.
1100
891 386 677 604 1017 493 892 509 604 1067 1066 757
Hawkins, H.
430
Little, J. G ..
564
Murdock, W. I.
968 971
Henry, G. P
973
Locke, A. J.
Neighbors, J. H.
1093 974 667
1101
1045 668
442
978 491 Nix, I. R.
Nix, W. H .. Noble, J., Sr
713 1024
Holloway, J. W
780
McCord. Z. D. & Bro 730 Noble, W.
601 440 490
443
596 506
Lawrence, R ..
1141
600
1138 1062
664
882
492
888 981
Fitzpatrick, P. Fletcher, A. J.
1047
viii
INDEX.
Page.
Page.
Page.
Oates, E
1112
Sanders, I. M.
719
Walker, C. E
1124
Oates, W. S.
1113
Sanford, J. B
1026
Walker, R. H.
1:27
Oliver, J. M.
630
Saunders, E. A
1117
Walker, W. A
548
O'Neal, W. C
1114
Sawyer, C. D
681
Wallace, T. C.
497
Orman, W. A
1030
Scarbrongh, A. B.
616
Wall, J. H.
840
Owen, B ...
653
Schieffelin, W. L.
388
Ward, J. B.
1128
Owens, J. D.
568
Schoolar, M. C
495
Ware, H
618
Owens. S. W
649
Schwarz, I ..
914
Warren, W. H.
683
Padgett, J. M.
957
Schweizer, J. L.
916
Watt, J. S ..
640
Painter, W. R
830
Searcy, G. W.
576
Weatherly, W. H.
620
Palmer, C. R.
697
Seawright. G. A
577
Weaver, D. F.
621
Palmer. J. B.
610
Sessions, H. M.
837
Weedon, H. M
468
Parish, T. R.
451
Sharp, S.
389
Weil, D ..
1071
Parker, A. G.
832
Shaw, A ..
457
Wellborn, C. B.
469
Parker, J. H
943
Shivers, S. B
916
Wells, J. C
843
Parker, J. W.
834
Shorter, E. S., Sr
457
Wells, K.
644
Parker, H. T.
988
Sikes. T. A .. .
793
Whaley, M ..
512
Parker, H. Z.
833
Sims, J. M.
578
Weed. J. H.
841
Patterson, T.
452
Simmons, G. L
761
Whetstone, J. H.
622
Peacock, B. F.
611
Simpson, C. M ..
738
Whitby, T. P .:
927
Peacock, G ...
896
Slack, J. C
1020
Whips, E, W
1143
Peagler, T. W
570
Slaughter, J. N.
Whorton, A. U. R
513
Pendrey, J. F.
757
Slaughter, H. W
390
Wiggins, C. L ..
1008
Pendrey, J. P
789
Smith, A. L
617
Wilkinson, J. A.
1608
Penick, W S
944
Smith, A. Y.
361
Wilkinson, J. E
374
Pennington, T. J
737 Smith, F. L.
375
Peters, R. F.
1025
Smith, M. A.
Williams, J. N
470
Peterson, F. M.
1067
Smith, M. A ...
Williams, T ..
950
Pettus, E. W ..
900
Smith, W. D. & M. M.
Williamson, D. N.
640
Pettus, F. L
904
Smitherman, T. J ..
Willis, J. J. S.
474
Phillips, E. A.
649
Smyth, E. T.
Wilson, J. J.
622
Phillips, G ..
905
Snead, C. E.
Wilson, J. J.
Phillips. G. W
611
Snell, L. D.
Wilson, J. W
Pitts, P. H.
906
Sowell, C. L.
Wimberly, M.
582
Winn, J. J.
476
Pratt, D., Jr.
359
Sowell, T. S
Wise, W. B.
684
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Spence, J. K.
Wood, B. F.
641
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Spigener. G. C.
Wood, W ..
1129
Prescott, J. L.
Spiller, W. K.
Woodruff, N.
928
Prestwood, J. A.
Sport, W.
Woods, R. W.
1027
Price, J. H ...
612
Stallings, J. F
579 Wright, R. E.
550
Pridgen, W. W
989
Standifer, J, H
1022 Yeager, W. W
498
Proctor, J. A.
Standifer, L. J.
Young, E. B., Sr
477
Pruett, W. H.
Standifer, W. S.
'1021
Pugh. J. L.
455
Stephens, W. L
1142
Purcell, H ....
1115
Sterne, I
918
Quarles, W. W
Sterne, S
917
Quillian, T. L.
Stevens, T. M.
1004
Quin, W. E.
933
Stewart, C. F
460 919
Rand, P N. G.
698
Stewart, J. L.
462
Randolph, G. B
613
Stewart, J. L ..
762
Rankin, C. F.
992
Ray, J. J.
1025
Rea, B. F.
632
Reid, J. C.
912
392
Reynolds, F. L
1040
Straughn, T W
764
Burnett, J. D 707
Clayton, H. D
406
Compton, J. C 852
Dawson, N. H. R. 858
Dent, S. H 416
Doster, C. S. G
347
Dowling, J. W
819
Downing, E
959
Fowlkes, A. M.
868
Franklin, C. H
530 970
Jones, A. W.
878
Lee, A. V
438
Robinson, E. H
Tipton, W. J
921
Lovelace, C. M
979 352
Rose, T. L
574
Trawick, T. A .. .
1123 Mckenzie, B. B.
566
Peacock, G
897
Roulhac, T. R.
Trimby, W. H
Pratt, M. E
356
Rousseau, J. P
Tulane, H. B
Quarles, W. W.
908 537
Roy, J. W.
Turnipseed, D. C.
544 Rankin, C. F.
993
Rozell, J. W.
650
Turpin, L. W.
Rea,.B. F .....
633
Tuttle, E. F
Richardson, J. C.
572
Ullman, W.
Smith, M A.
364
Van Pelt, A. C.
581
Sowell, C. L Tulane, H. B
998 948
Vardaman. J. F
743 682
Turnipseed, D. C
545
Russell, A ....
511
Wadsworth, E
1070
Wadsworth, W. W
371
Rutledge, A. V.
792 Wadsworth, W. W 370 Wailes. W. E 924
Sadler, T. W
360 Wailes, W. E.
925
Walker, R. H 1126
Sammons, W. F
836
Walker, B. A.
797
Williams, J. N.
471
Reynolds, O. M.
615
Reynolds, R. J
1115
Reynolds, S. K.
387
Tarver, J. M. .
543
Reynolds, W
$14
Taylor, W. W
765
Richardson, J. C.
573
Richardson, W. H.
1018
Riley, M .
759
Ritter, C.
913
Thrasher, J. T
1120
Robbins, C. W
996
Thrower, S. S .
795
Henderson, S. C
Roberts, W. D.
835
Thweatt, J. M.
464
Robertson, W. H
456
Tipton, F.
920
Robinson, H. B.
Tomberlin, D. J.
465
Marbury, J. H
Ross, R. L.
698 699 760
Rowan, P
615 359
Rucker, A. W
946 542
Rumph, C. W.
Rumph, J. D.
541
Rush. R. A ..
914 679
Rushing, F. M
Vaughan, A
921 949
Tullis, J. W
466 Rainer, J. H.
379
Zurmehly, S. L.
1141
Rainer, J. H.
536
Stewart, H. H.
Stollenwerck, F
579
Stokes, R. E.
1119 391
Stokes, S. E.
Stone, F. S., Sr
Reynolds, J. H. 540
1005
Strong, W. H .. Suttle, J. L.
496 720
Taliaferro, C. T.
Thompson, J. M.
Thompson, W. R.
369 1006 462
Thornton, W. H
1021
453
Young, E. B., Jr 478
Zundel, C. F ...
475 801
Pope, B. F
1018
Sowell, J ...
1001
1002 741
357 358
368
1142
678 758
794
990
741 Wilkinson, W. F
838
365
366
496
617
1020
840
999
PORTRAITS.
946 510
Treadwell, H. P.
1041
1069 1122 922
909 791
739
-
MEMORIAL RECORD
OF
ALABAMA.
CHAPTER I.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE STATE. BY HANNIS TAYLOR, MOBILE. L.
THE MODERN CONCEPTION OF THE STATE DEFINED - SPANISH DISCOVERY, - CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT - THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS ON THE ATLANTIC - FRENCH DISCOVERIES, CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT - FLORIDA AND HER BOUNDARIES - GEORGIA AND HER TERRITORIAL CLAIMS - LOUISIANA PURCHASE AND SUBSEQUENT BOUNDARY DIS- PUTES WITH SPAIN - ANNEXATION OF THE MOBILE DISTRICT - THE THREE SETTLEMENTS BOUND UP IN THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY - BIENVILLE, THE FOUNDER OF MOBILE AND NEW ORLEANS - THE MIS- ISSIPPI TERRITORY, 1798-1817 - ALABAMA TERRITORY 1817-19 - ADMIS- SION OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA, 1819 - EARLY INFLUENCES WHICH SHAPED LEGISLATION - THE FRENCH COLONY IN MARENGO - FROM 1820 TO 1860 - THE EXECUTIVE POWER - THE LEGISLATIVE POWER - THE JUDICIAL POWER - SECESSION AND THE CIVIL WAR - RECON- STRUCTION AT WASHINGTON - RECONSTRUCTION IN ALABAMA - ALA- BAMA REDEEMED.
GREAT French orator has told us that "words are things," and to this the philologist may add that, like all other human things, they are subject to the endless variations which are brought about by the changes of time, place, and circum- stance. To the student of the science of politics this truth is of paramount importance, for the reason that the cardinal terms in which he has to deal often represent in one age a train of ideas which completely vanish in another. Of this fact the word "state" may be used as a typical illustration. As employed in modern times the word "state" presents to the mind a political conception which a statesman of the ancient world could hardly have grasped, for the 2
1
1
18
MEMORIAL RECORD OF ALABAMA.
reason that the political organization which we call the state had in the ancient world no existence. If we turn to Greece, in which the science of politics was born, in order to ascertain the elements of political organ- ization which there existed when authentic history begins, we find that the only conception of the state with which the Greek was familiar was embodied in the independent city which stood toward all other cities as a sovereign commonwealth whose internal affairs were regulated by its own domestic constitution. To the Greek mind the state, the city com- monwealth, was an organized society of men dwelling within a walled city, with a surrounding territory not too large to allow its free inhabit- ants to habitually assemble within its walls, to discharge the duties of . citizens. When we pass from the Greek to the Italian peninsula, we there find the idea of the city commonwealth to be the leading political idea, although the conception of the state as an independent city was never carried out with the same completeness in Italy as in Greece, for the reason that the Italian cities, which were generally smaller than those of Greece, manifested a greater willingness to join together in confedera -* tions. And yet it was upon the soil of Italy that a group of village communities grew into a single independent city that centralized within its walls the political power of the world. The way in which Rome accomplished this marvelous result was by departing from the exclusive policy of the Greek cities, and by extending the right of Roman citizen- ship alike to her conquered enemies and her faithful allies. In the end, a right so widely bestowed became of course utterly worthless; but the theory upon which the right was conferred was never for a moment lost sight of. The freeman who received the franchise of the Roman city could only enjoy it within her own walls; it was only within the local limits of the ruling city that the supreme powers of the state could be exercised. And so, whether we take for illustration the exclusive Greek city, or the great Latin city extending its franchise to all the world, the ancient conception of the state as the city commonwealth stands forth clearly and distinctly defined.
Out of the settlements made by the Teutonic nations upon the wreck of the Roman empire has gradually arisen the modern conception of the state as a nation occupying a definite area of territory with fixed geo- graphical boundaries-the state as known to modern international law. In the Mediterranean peninsulas the resultant of a union of tribes was the city commonwealth: in Teutonic lands the resultant of a union of tribes was not a city at all, but a nation. In ancient Greece and Italy the city became the heart, the center, of social and political life; while in coun- tries inhabited by the Teutonic race the idea of the city never became dominant. It must not be supposed, however, that the new unit of organi- zation which arose out of a union of Teutonic tribes at once ripened into the full modern conception of the state as a nation possessing a definite portion of the earth's surface, with fixed geographical boundaries. The
19
POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE STATE.
fact must be borne in mind that the primary bond which united the people who composed a Teutonic nation was a personal one-the national king was first, among the people, the embodiment of the national being, but not the king of a particular area or region of territory. Alaric was king of the Goths wherever the Goths happened to be, whether upon the banks of the Tiber, the Tagus, or the Danube. The general nature of the transition whereby this primitive notion of tribal sovereignty was grad- ually superceded by that of territorial sovereignty has been described as a movement from personal to territorial organization; from a state of things in which personal freedom and political rights were the dominant ideas to a state of things in which those ideas have become bound up with and subservient to the possession of land. The new conception of terri- torial sovereignty, which thus grew out of "the process of feudalization," did not become established, however, until after the breaking up of the empire of Charles the Great, out of whose fragments have arisen most of the states of modern Europe. The completion of the transition is marked by the accession of the Capetian dynasty in France. Hugh Capet and his descendants were kings in the new territorial sense; they were kings who stood in the same relation to the land over which they ruled as the baron to his estate, the tenant to his freehold. The form thus assumed by the monarchy in France was reproduced in each subsequent dominion established or consolidated; and thus has arisen the state system of mod- ern Europe, in which the state, as the nation, endowed with territorial sovereignty, is the basis of all international relations. Thus did the modern conception of the state receive its final form in "the process of feudalization" through which the Teutonic nations passed after their settlements within the limits of the Roman empire.
Only in the light of what has now been said as to the historical origin of the modern state is it possible clearly to understand the process through which the Teutonic invaders, who came into Britain between the middle of the fifth century and the end of the sixth, and there built up that strange political organism known as the English kingdom, whose distinctive political features have been reproduced in the constitution of every state in the American union. All the evidence tends to show that the Teutonic invaders came into Britain in disconnected bands, more or less numerous, each under its own leader, who singled out some special district of country for conquest and settlement. After the native popu- lation had been either expelled or exterminated, within the limits which the conquerors had made their own, the whole fabric of Teutonic life was replanted in a practically free and unincumbered soil. The village com- munity which appears in Germany as the mark, reappears as the tun or township in Britain, where it becomes "the unit of the constitutional machinery." The tun-moot elected its own officers, and also provided for the representation of its interests in the courts of the hundred and shire, where the gerefa and four discreet men appeared for the township. In
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