Memorial record of Alabama. A concise account of the state's political, military, professional and industrial progress, together with the personal memoirs of many of its people. Volume I, Part 1

Author: Taylor, Hannis, 1851-1922; Wheeler, Joseph, 1836-1906; Clark, Willis G; Clark, Thomas Harvey; Herbert, Hilary Abner, 1834-1919; Cochran, Jerome, 1831-1896; Screws, William Wallace; Brant & Fuller
Publication date: 1893
Publisher: Madison, Wis., Brant & Fuller
Number of Pages: 1164


USA > Alabama > Memorial record of Alabama. A concise account of the state's political, military, professional and industrial progress, together with the personal memoirs of many of its people. Volume I > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131


الإسجدا


IC 976.1 151 7.1 1143050


SENEAT ARV ATTESTION


E


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02022 357 1


.


.


Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016


https://archive.org/details/memorialrecordof00tayl


-


Memorial Record


+ +


+ +


ALABAMA


A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE STATE'S POLITICAL, MILITARY PROFESSIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS, TOGETHER WITH THE PERSONAL MEMOIRS OF MANY OF ITS PEOPLE.


IN TWO VOLUMES. 1


ILLUSTRATED.


1


VOLUME I.


MADISON WIS., BRANT & FULLER; 1893.


COPYRIGHT, 1893, BY BRANT & FULLER.


Democrat Printing Co., Madison, Wis.


CONTENTS. 1143050


VOLUME I.


CHAPTER I .- POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE STATE. By Hannis Taylor, Mobile.


Page


Page.


Page.


The Modern Conception of the State Defined


17


Spanish Discovery, Conquest and Settlement 21


Annexation of the Mobile Dis- trict


32 The French Colony in Marengo From 1802 to 1860 50 49


English Settlements on the At- lantic 21 The Three Settlements Bound French Discovery, Conquest and Settlement 25 32 The Legislative Power 58 27 up in the Mississippi Territory Bienville, the Founder of Mobile The Judicial Power 63 and New Orleans 33 Secession and Civil War 65 Reconstruction at Washington. 82


Florida and her Boundaries


Georgia and her Territorial Claims 29


The Mississippi Territory, 1798- 1917


33


Reconstruction in Alabama 86


Alabama Redeemed


29


CHAPTER II .- MILITARY HISTORY OF THE STATE. By Gen. Joseph Wheeler, Wheeler.


Page.


Page.


Page.


Early Wars


95


Jackson's Exploits 102


Treaties


103


The Cavalry 126


The French 98


The Civil War


106


The English 99


Aaron Burr


100


Alabama Troops in the War of Secession. 107


CHAPTER III .- THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATION. By Willis G. Clark, Mobile. Page. Page,


Page.


Colonial and Territorial Periods 154


University of Alabama 155


Administration of Dr. Basil Manly 157


The Agricultural and Mechani- cal College. 172 The Medical College of Ala- bamna 175


Institutes for Deaf, Dumb and Blind 178


Private


and Denominational


Rehabilitation of the University 163


Schools


209


CHAPTER IV .- STATE INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS. By Willis G. Clark, Mobile.


Page


Page.


Page.


Agriculture


217


Steel 256


General Products


218


Coal


257


The Cotton Belt


220


Manufacturers 286


Lime 298


The Mineral Belt


221


Cotton and Paper Mills.


287 Miscellaneous Manufacturing


The Tennessee Valley


222


General Progress


289


Industries 299


The State in General


223


List of Cotton Factories. 290


Forestry, Naval Stores and


Mines and Mining


233


Woolen Goods. 291 Lumber 303


The Precious Metals.


235 Cotton Compresses 295


Naval Stores 306


Copper


241


Cotton Seed Oil 295


Shingles. Staves 308


Lead


246


Cotton Gins 296


Yellow Pine Lumber Mills Tri- butary to Mobile 311


Iron 217


Hard Woods 317


CHAPTER V .- RAILROADS AND NAVIGATION. By T. H. Clark, Montgomery.


Page.


Early Means of Traffic-Water Craft


318


Triumph of Railroads 322


State


323


Railroads. 321


Statistics, etc 323


CHAPTER VI .- FINANCE AND BANKING. By Thomas H. Clark, Montgomery.


Page.


Page.


Page


Financial History of Alabama .. 329


Branch Banks


335


Liquidation 340


Banking and Currency System. 330


Schemes of Office Seekers 336


War Appropriations. . .


341


The State Bank 331


The Crisis 337


Repudiatiou 342


Capital Stock of State Bank 333


Wreck of the Bank 333


Reconstruction Period 312


Management of State Bank ... . .


334


Plots to Defraud 339


Settlement of the State Debt ... 343


PERSONAL MEMOIRS.


Page.


Page.


Page.


Autauga county


315


Clay county


644


DeKalb county. 929


Baldwin county


376


Cleburne county


651


Elniore county


933


Barbour county


394


Coffee county


654


Escambia county 951


Bibb county


478


Colbert county 686


Etowah county 1010


Blount county


499


Conecuh county 700


Fayette county 1022


Bullock county


514


Coosa county .. 722


Franklin county 1027


Butler county


551


Covington county


744


Geneva county 1031


Calhoun county


581


Crenshaw county


766


Greene county. 1042


Chambers county


624


Cullman county 798


Hale county 1053


Cherokee county


635 Dale county 802


Henry county


1022


Chilton county.


612 Dallas county 841 Jackson county


1131


Tin


216


Flouring and Grist Mills. 296


The Alabama Hospital for the Insane 179


The Public School System ..


...


181


Normal Schools 197


Administration of Dr. Garland 159


City and Town Schools 204


The Reconstruction Period 161


The Infantry 107


De Soto - The Indians - The Spanish 95


Mexican War 104


The Artillery 1344


Review of the Civil War in


Alabama


137


Massacres 101


Louisiana Purchase and Subse- quent Bonndary Disputes with Spain 30


Alabama Territory, 1817-1819 ... 43


Admission of the State of Ala- bama, 1819 44


Early Influences which Shaped Legislation 47


12.00


Page.


Page.


Plank Roads


The Railroad System of the


Rolling Mills, Foundries and Machine Shops 298


· INDEX.


VOLUME I.


Page.


Page.


Page.


Adams, J. A


802


Boyd, C. L ...


103


Crenshaw, E.


554-


Adamns, W. Y ..


1010


Bradley, J. J.


403


Crenshaw, W. H


553


Agnew, A. W.


1022


Bradley, J. W


Crew, J. S ..


726


Alexander, M.


394


Bradley, W. E


1076


Crews, J. E.


411 811


Allen, J. B.


Brislin, D


846


. Crim, G. S.


811


Almon, E B


686


378


Crook, E. F.


589


Almon, G. C.


Brock, F. P


626


Crook, J. M.


590


Alston, A. H.


Brooks, M. F.


954


Crook, S. M.


592


Alstou, J. M.


Browder, J. D 1051


Cross, W. C ...


1057


Anderson, A. W. S 1042


723


Crymes, A. C.


521


Anderson, J. H.


1131


Brown, W. D .. 705


Cub mann, J. G ..


798


Audrews, A. S.


1053


5)1


Culver, I. F


523


Andrews, W. D.


397


Bruce, L. M


724


Cunningham, G. A.


856


Arends, J. N.


951


656


Curry, T. W.


955


Archer, B L ..


1011


380


Daniel, T F.


774


Archibald, J. H.


1043


Bullock, E. C.


404


Darby, J. I ..


Atkins, V. B.


844


Bullock, W. I.


Darby, J. W


Austin, W. A.


Burch, S. G


Dawsey, J. F.


Aycock, W. B 1072


Burgamy, W. T


771


Dawsey, T. J.


Ayers, T. W


584


Burnett, J. D


706 Dawson, N. H. R


Bailey, J. D.


766


Burnett, J. F.


635 Davidson, J. L ..


Bain, C. L


Bush, T. G


585


Davidson, R. J ..


856


Baker, D. H 1011


Butt, R. L


Davie, J


412


Baker, J


1073


847


Davis, J. F. M.


Baldwin, B. J


Byars, W. G.


502 Davis, J. W.


Baldwin, E


Byrd, A. B.


803 Davis, R. L


Balleuger, W.


501


804


Davis, W. B.


Barnes, J. M


Callahan, T. J


502


Davison, J. M.


Barnett, W. W


Callaway, D. M ..


849


Dean, E ...


Barrow, D. S.


744


Caldwell, G ..


Baskin, W. C


1012


Canning, M.


953


Carmichael, A. H.


691


Dent, S. H .


Bates, A. W


478


Carmichael, J. H.


658 Diamond, J. M.


Battle, J. K


398


Carmichael, J. M.


806


Dickinson, A. J


Batson, J. P


722


Carroll, M ..


809


Dominick, G. J.


Beach, II. M


1025


587 Donald, J. G.


Beall, J. W


769


Cecil, R.


Donehoo, F G


Beard, J. B


Chadwick, S. W


1055


Dortch, J B ..


Beard, W.


Chapman, W. H ..


Doster, C. S. G.


Beck, W. G ..


746


Chisholm, J. C.


Doster, O. C ..


813


Beeson, W. B.


Chitwood. W. P.


Doster, S. J.


Bell, H. M. 1023


Douthit, W. H.


Bell. J. T


399


Clark, W. G.


660 Dowdell, J. R


Bentley, A. D


723


Clayton, H. D


Dowling, G. P.


Bentley, J. S.


722


Clemmons, W. F


Dowling, D. Y.


Benton, S. E.


Clopton, R. W.


Dowling, J. W


Betts, J. F.


Cochrau, L. L.


929


Downing. E


958


Bickley, E. L.


Cody, J. M.


Doyle, J. M


Biggers, L. J


Coffey, W. A


11:5


Drake, R W


Bishop, C. H


Collins, C. W


1056


Diewry, J. W.


Blake, W. H.


Collins. J. T.


1057


Drewry, J. W.


Blakey, R O


Coleman, T. W.


Drury, J. F


962


Bledsoe, J. M.


Comer. G. L


409


Duggar, R. H.


1059


Bledsoe, N. M.


515


Compton, J. C.


853 Dugger, H ... Dugger. G. W 479


1060 1061 710


Blue, J. D ..


654


Cooper, W. P.


583


Dyer, E. F ...


776 381


Blue, P.


517


Copeland, W. P.


410 Earle, F ..


Blunt, T


Cornelius, H. M


1015 Ellingtin, J. M.


Boazman, T ..


Costello, P D


661


Ellis, W. L. .


349


Bodenheimer, L


518


Covington, P. F.


810


Emmons, J. D. 963


Espy, J. S.


1086


Craig, G H.


854


Espy, T. M


1087


Borland, E. J


1033 Crawford, A. C.


1077 Evans & Co., H. H. 1061


Bouldin, V ....


Crawford, A. D


725 Evans, R. D. 646.


636


Bowls, P. D.


703 Crawford, J. W.


1080 Ezzell, J T. 1028


Boyu, A.


40t Crawford. S. H., Mrs 480


Farley, J. G. 643


Boyd, A.


1133


Crenshaw, A. 553


Feagin, J. M


521


Bowdoin, D. T


655


Crawford, J. R


1078


Ewing, R. T.


Book Co , Selma.


918


Cox. C. M.


663


Borders, A. J. H


585


Bledsoe, W. C.


6:24


Cooper, J. D ..


Blount, J. G ..


1014


Cooper, S. J.


693 Duke, A. G.


817 816 818


Bevans, J .. . 1013 Cody, F. M.


772 Downing, W. W


962


657


805


504 1058 1085 420


845


1052


1132


1056


1013


692


('lark, E. T ..


588


814 482 628


407


1034


1135


702


Cassaday, B. F.


850


701


700


659


592 345 7.5 414 956 514 812 627 417 748


Bryant, A. W


1081


1028


555


933


1034


1082


1083 859 481


584


519


Butler, W. S.


612


376


Byrd, T. A.


767


1031


5:20 850


Dean, J. J., Sr Denson, N. D ..


Bass, J. L ..


395


396


Browu, J. A


Crim, J. D.


Alldredge. P. G. 499


Bridges, J. M.


847


1131


Broadbeck, E.


1027


Broughton, J. T.


Brnuson, J. P


865 1058 556 503 866 346


514


400


644


1032


625


1134


vii


INDEX.


Page.


Page.


Page.


Fiulay, D. H


778


Howle, W. H.


651


McDonald, F. C.


784


Finlay, W. A.


964


Howison, A P.


487


McDonald, T. S


731


934


Howison family


484


McEwen, G. W


732


749


Hudson, F. N ..


506 McGowan, T. G


385


Flournoy, S. J


421 Huggins, J.


1063


McGuire. J H.


1024


Flowers, F. A.


560 Hughes, C. W ..


McIntosh, N.


755


Flowers, J. J.


558


Hughes, W. M ..


597


Mckenzie, B. B.


567


Flowers, J. D.


559


Hughs, J. J.


1036


McLauchlin, W. C


1037


Flowers, W. H,, Sr


557


Hunt, H. J.


384


McLeod, D


443


Flowers, W. M.


559


Hunt, R. C


1139


McLeod, J.


733


Fonville, J. C.


593


Hutchison, W. J


672


McMillan, J.


984


Forrester, B. A


10×8


Irwin, R. W.


1095


McPherson, L.


509


Fort, B. J ...


866


Ivey, J. W .


781


M ·· Queen, J. P


1019


Fort, L. P


869


Ivey, M ..


533


McRae, C. M


535


Foshee, S. J


965


Ivey. W. R.


1139


McTyer, J. F


414


Foster, G. W


1136


Jack, J. M ..


1064


Mc Whorter, H. P


931


Foster, J. A


422


Jackson, A. J


975


Maas, A.


885 884


Foster, S. J.


528


James, J. M.


507


Mabry, A. G ..


886


Fowler, J L


1091


Jerkins, W. J


1095


Mabry, S ..


445


Fowlkes, A. M.


869


Johnson, J. J


1036


Mahan, W. H.


Franklin, C. H.


531


Jones, A. W


879


Mallory, H. S. D


Frasier, D, J


483


Jones, E. G.


727


Malone, H H.


Freeman, J. F.


936


Jones, J. .


727


Marbury, J. H


353


Freeman, T. R


425


Jones, J. C.


7:27


Margart, F. S


447


Fuller, S. L


800


Jones, R. A


1140


Martin, A. L ..


Furniss, J. P


871


Jordan, J. M


1029


Martin, J. E ..


Gaboury, J. A.


594


Judkins, G. B.


939


Martin, H. H


Gaddis, W. P


936


Kelley, G. W


823


Martin, M .


448


Gaither, G. F


1015


Kendrick, J. E.


782


Maund, W. T


1105


Gale. F. P


929


Kennedy, A. E . Mrs.


488


May, D. G.


828


Galloway, T. C.


1016


Kennedy, J. S. & E


489


Mayo, C. Y., Sr


Galt, E. P.


872


Killeorew, T. J.


824


Mayo, C. Y., Jr


Gantt, P. J.


751


King, F. R.


694


Meadow, A. E.


Gantt, R. R


750


King, P. S


694


Meritte, F. M.


Gardner, J. S.


483


Kirk, W. F


1141


Merrill, J. B.


Garland. J. B.


426


Kirkpatrick, S ..


881


Merrill, T. L .-


785


Garrett, J. W.


Kohn, S


Merrill, W. J


786


Gasque, W. H


382


Kolb, L. W


826


Meyer, M. J ..


889 603


Gay, S ...


Koonce, W. C.


1098


Miller, J. N. 1030


Gay, S. G.


Knight, L S


Miller, J. T.


Gibson, L. B.


646


Knowles, W. T.


752


Miller, R. H.


756


Gill, W. B.


875


Knox, J. B


598


Glover, W ..


595


Knox, R. H.


643


Godwin, J. D


Lackey, W. M


Millikin, W. W


Goree, J. L.


Lamar, J. I. .


Milstead, A. J


941


Graham, W. P


583


Lancaster, J. A


940


Mixson, B. H


675


Graves, B.


428


Lane, M. H .


599


Mixson, W. C.


676


Graves, E.L.


430


Laney, Z. W., Sr


1099


Green, P. B


930


Landerdale, A. R


728


Green, W. B.


596


Lauderdale, J ...


882


Griffin, W. S.


Lawrence, G. D. W


639


Griffith, R. G.


Lawrence, J


637 638


Moore, J. B.


Grimmett, T. H


Lawson. A


1065


Moore, H. D.


Grisham, J. S


693


Lazenby, E. M.


Moore, R. H.


Gunter, R. C.


1137


Lazenby, G .:.


563


Moore, W. H.


Hadley, J ..


Ledbetter, W. G.


600


Mooring, J. S


Hall, T A.


Lee, A. V


49


Moragne, J. M.


Ham, P. J.


Lee, E. L


Moren, Mrs. M. F


Hamil, A. F


711


Lee, M. J.


673


Morgan, J. T.


Hannon, W. P


LeGrand, J. M


Morris, J. E.


Harkness, R


LeGrand, W C


600


Morris, E. G ..


Harold, A ...


Leigh, N. R ..


976


Morrisette, F. S


Harold, G. C.


Morrisette, J.


Harrell, L ..


560


Levy, E. S


884


Mosely, W. J


Harris, J. P


Lewis, B. H


753


Moxley, D. N


788


Harris, N.


Lindsey, W. H.


827


Mullen, A. J ..


893 716


Helton, J


1092


Livingston, A. R.


729


Murphy, S. S. Murphy, W. N.


1051


Henderson, C. D.


Lloyd, C. C


601


1109


Henderson, S. C.


Lloyd, G. W


Neal, W. A.


652 735


Herring, B. W


Logan. S. D


Nelson, R. M


894


Herrington, J.


Long, B. F.


Newman, R.


1111


Hickman, P. N


Long, J. B.


Newton, C. A


717


Hill, A. C.


Long, J. H ..


Newton, W. F


1110


Hill, B. A.


Lovelace, E. M.


Nicholson, W. J


494


Hill, J. S ..


1138


Lowry, J. B. .


Hobbs, E. H.


879


McAdory, P. J


729


450


Hobdy, R. L


582


McCain, R ..


602


607


Hodges, J.


1035


McCall, T. M ..


Noble, J. W 606


Holley, F. M.


1094 McClure, B. F. .


Noble, S ..


608 610


Holloway, R.


669


McCormick, G. C 448 Nolen, R. S 736


Horton, A


1045


McCreary, J. A. 715


Northen, T


648


Horton, E. B


713 McDaniel, M. L 1016


Northington, W. T ...


354


Hutchinson, N. O


670


McMillan, E. S ..


986


Forney, W. H.


Foster, J. W


1090


James, F. A.


1065


Maas. S ...


1102 982 1104


983 984 492 1106 652


Gatchell, E. S.


873


Koonce, J. S.


1097


Micon, B ..


874 874


783


932


Miller. W. G . 1066 1038 1107 Milligan, F. J


427 937


617 939


Montgomery, D. M. 1050 Montgomery, J. N. Moody, A. L. Moody, F. I .. 890 695 1108 Moon, W. H. 734 696


Griffith, T. J.


505 629


562


383 876 665


938 1044 967 966 Leslie, G.


1100


891 386 677 604 1017 493 892 509 604 1067 1066 757


Hawkins, H.


430


Little, J. G ..


564


Murdock, W. I.


968 971


Henry, G. P


973


Locke, A. J.


Neighbors, J. H.


1093 974 667


1101


1045 668


442


978 491 Nix, I. R.


Nix, W. H .. Noble, J., Sr


713 1024


Holloway, J. W


780


McCord. Z. D. & Bro 730 Noble, W.


601 440 490


443


596 506


Lawrence, R ..


1141


600


1138 1062


664


882


492


888 981


Fitzpatrick, P. Fletcher, A. J.


1047


viii


INDEX.


Page.


Page.


Page.


Oates, E


1112


Sanders, I. M.


719


Walker, C. E


1124


Oates, W. S.


1113


Sanford, J. B


1026


Walker, R. H.


1:27


Oliver, J. M.


630


Saunders, E. A


1117


Walker, W. A


548


O'Neal, W. C


1114


Sawyer, C. D


681


Wallace, T. C.


497


Orman, W. A


1030


Scarbrongh, A. B.


616


Wall, J. H.


840


Owen, B ...


653


Schieffelin, W. L.


388


Ward, J. B.


1128


Owens, J. D.


568


Schoolar, M. C


495


Ware, H


618


Owens. S. W


649


Schwarz, I ..


914


Warren, W. H.


683


Padgett, J. M.


957


Schweizer, J. L.


916


Watt, J. S ..


640


Painter, W. R


830


Searcy, G. W.


576


Weatherly, W. H.


620


Palmer, C. R.


697


Seawright. G. A


577


Weaver, D. F.


621


Palmer. J. B.


610


Sessions, H. M.


837


Weedon, H. M


468


Parish, T. R.


451


Sharp, S.


389


Weil, D ..


1071


Parker, A. G.


832


Shaw, A ..


457


Wellborn, C. B.


469


Parker, J. H


943


Shivers, S. B


916


Wells, J. C


843


Parker, J. W.


834


Shorter, E. S., Sr


457


Wells, K.


644


Parker, H. T.


988


Sikes. T. A .. .


793


Whaley, M ..


512


Parker, H. Z.


833


Sims, J. M.


578


Weed. J. H.


841


Patterson, T.


452


Simmons, G. L


761


Whetstone, J. H.


622


Peacock, B. F.


611


Simpson, C. M ..


738


Whitby, T. P .:


927


Peacock, G ...


896


Slack, J. C


1020


Whips, E, W


1143


Peagler, T. W


570


Slaughter, J. N.


Whorton, A. U. R


513


Pendrey, J. F.


757


Slaughter, H. W


390


Wiggins, C. L ..


1008


Pendrey, J. P


789


Smith, A. L


617


Wilkinson, J. A.


1608


Penick, W S


944


Smith, A. Y.


361


Wilkinson, J. E


374


Pennington, T. J


737 Smith, F. L.


375


Peters, R. F.


1025


Smith, M. A.


Williams, J. N


470


Peterson, F. M.


1067


Smith, M. A ...


Williams, T ..


950


Pettus, E. W ..


900


Smith, W. D. & M. M.


Williamson, D. N.


640


Pettus, F. L


904


Smitherman, T. J ..


Willis, J. J. S.


474


Phillips, E. A.


649


Smyth, E. T.


Wilson, J. J.


622


Phillips, G ..


905


Snead, C. E.


Wilson, J. J.


Phillips. G. W


611


Snell, L. D.


Wilson, J. W


Pitts, P. H.


906


Sowell, C. L.


Wimberly, M.


582


Winn, J. J.


476


Pratt, D., Jr.


359


Sowell, T. S


Wise, W. B.


684


Pratt, D ..


Spence, J. K.


Wood, B. F.


641


Pratt, M. E ..


Spigener. G. C.


Wood, W ..


1129


Prescott, J. L.


Spiller, W. K.


Woodruff, N.


928


Prestwood, J. A.


Sport, W.


Woods, R. W.


1027


Price, J. H ...


612


Stallings, J. F


579 Wright, R. E.


550


Pridgen, W. W


989


Standifer, J, H


1022 Yeager, W. W


498


Proctor, J. A.


Standifer, L. J.


Young, E. B., Sr


477


Pruett, W. H.


Standifer, W. S.


'1021


Pugh. J. L.


455


Stephens, W. L


1142


Purcell, H ....


1115


Sterne, I


918


Quarles, W. W


Sterne, S


917


Quillian, T. L.


Stevens, T. M.


1004


Quin, W. E.


933


Stewart, C. F


460 919


Rand, P N. G.


698


Stewart, J. L.


462


Randolph, G. B


613


Stewart, J. L ..


762


Rankin, C. F.


992


Ray, J. J.


1025


Rea, B. F.


632


Reid, J. C.


912


392


Reynolds, F. L


1040


Straughn, T W


764


Burnett, J. D 707


Clayton, H. D


406


Compton, J. C 852


Dawson, N. H. R. 858


Dent, S. H 416


Doster, C. S. G


347


Dowling, J. W


819


Downing, E


959


Fowlkes, A. M.


868


Franklin, C. H


530 970


Jones, A. W.


878


Lee, A. V


438


Robinson, E. H


Tipton, W. J


921


Lovelace, C. M


979 352


Rose, T. L


574


Trawick, T. A .. .


1123 Mckenzie, B. B.


566


Peacock, G


897


Roulhac, T. R.


Trimby, W. H


Pratt, M. E


356


Rousseau, J. P


Tulane, H. B


Quarles, W. W.


908 537


Roy, J. W.


Turnipseed, D. C.


544 Rankin, C. F.


993


Rozell, J. W.


650


Turpin, L. W.


Rea,.B. F .....


633


Tuttle, E. F


Richardson, J. C.


572


Ullman, W.


Smith, M A.


364


Van Pelt, A. C.


581


Sowell, C. L Tulane, H. B


998 948


Vardaman. J. F


743 682


Turnipseed, D. C


545


Russell, A ....


511


Wadsworth, E


1070


Wadsworth, W. W


371


Rutledge, A. V.


792 Wadsworth, W. W 370 Wailes. W. E 924


Sadler, T. W


360 Wailes, W. E.


925


Walker, R. H 1126


Sammons, W. F


836


Walker, B. A.


797


Williams, J. N.


471


Reynolds, O. M.


615


Reynolds, R. J


1115


Reynolds, S. K.


387


Tarver, J. M. .


543


Reynolds, W


$14


Taylor, W. W


765


Richardson, J. C.


573


Richardson, W. H.


1018


Riley, M .


759


Ritter, C.


913


Thrasher, J. T


1120


Robbins, C. W


996


Thrower, S. S .


795


Henderson, S. C


Roberts, W. D.


835


Thweatt, J. M.


464


Robertson, W. H


456


Tipton, F.


920


Robinson, H. B.


Tomberlin, D. J.


465


Marbury, J. H


Ross, R. L.


698 699 760


Rowan, P


615 359


Rucker, A. W


946 542


Rumph, C. W.


Rumph, J. D.


541


Rush. R. A ..


914 679


Rushing, F. M


Vaughan, A


921 949


Tullis, J. W


466 Rainer, J. H.


379


Zurmehly, S. L.


1141


Rainer, J. H.


536


Stewart, H. H.


Stollenwerck, F


579


Stokes, R. E.


1119 391


Stokes, S. E.


Stone, F. S., Sr


Reynolds, J. H. 540


1005


Strong, W. H .. Suttle, J. L.


496 720


Taliaferro, C. T.


Thompson, J. M.


Thompson, W. R.


369 1006 462


Thornton, W. H


1021


453


Young, E. B., Jr 478


Zundel, C. F ...


475 801


Pope, B. F


1018


Sowell, J ...


1001


1002 741


357 358


368


1142


678 758


794


990


741 Wilkinson, W. F


838


365


366


496


617


1020


840


999


PORTRAITS.


946 510


Treadwell, H. P.


1041


1069 1122 922


909 791


739


-


MEMORIAL RECORD


OF


ALABAMA.


CHAPTER I.


POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE STATE. BY HANNIS TAYLOR, MOBILE. L.


THE MODERN CONCEPTION OF THE STATE DEFINED - SPANISH DISCOVERY, - CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT - THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS ON THE ATLANTIC - FRENCH DISCOVERIES, CONQUEST AND SETTLEMENT - FLORIDA AND HER BOUNDARIES - GEORGIA AND HER TERRITORIAL CLAIMS - LOUISIANA PURCHASE AND SUBSEQUENT BOUNDARY DIS- PUTES WITH SPAIN - ANNEXATION OF THE MOBILE DISTRICT - THE THREE SETTLEMENTS BOUND UP IN THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY - BIENVILLE, THE FOUNDER OF MOBILE AND NEW ORLEANS - THE MIS- ISSIPPI TERRITORY, 1798-1817 - ALABAMA TERRITORY 1817-19 - ADMIS- SION OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA, 1819 - EARLY INFLUENCES WHICH SHAPED LEGISLATION - THE FRENCH COLONY IN MARENGO - FROM 1820 TO 1860 - THE EXECUTIVE POWER - THE LEGISLATIVE POWER - THE JUDICIAL POWER - SECESSION AND THE CIVIL WAR - RECON- STRUCTION AT WASHINGTON - RECONSTRUCTION IN ALABAMA - ALA- BAMA REDEEMED.


GREAT French orator has told us that "words are things," and to this the philologist may add that, like all other human things, they are subject to the endless variations which are brought about by the changes of time, place, and circum- stance. To the student of the science of politics this truth is of paramount importance, for the reason that the cardinal terms in which he has to deal often represent in one age a train of ideas which completely vanish in another. Of this fact the word "state" may be used as a typical illustration. As employed in modern times the word "state" presents to the mind a political conception which a statesman of the ancient world could hardly have grasped, for the 2


1


1


18


MEMORIAL RECORD OF ALABAMA.


reason that the political organization which we call the state had in the ancient world no existence. If we turn to Greece, in which the science of politics was born, in order to ascertain the elements of political organ- ization which there existed when authentic history begins, we find that the only conception of the state with which the Greek was familiar was embodied in the independent city which stood toward all other cities as a sovereign commonwealth whose internal affairs were regulated by its own domestic constitution. To the Greek mind the state, the city com- monwealth, was an organized society of men dwelling within a walled city, with a surrounding territory not too large to allow its free inhabit- ants to habitually assemble within its walls, to discharge the duties of . citizens. When we pass from the Greek to the Italian peninsula, we there find the idea of the city commonwealth to be the leading political idea, although the conception of the state as an independent city was never carried out with the same completeness in Italy as in Greece, for the reason that the Italian cities, which were generally smaller than those of Greece, manifested a greater willingness to join together in confedera -* tions. And yet it was upon the soil of Italy that a group of village communities grew into a single independent city that centralized within its walls the political power of the world. The way in which Rome accomplished this marvelous result was by departing from the exclusive policy of the Greek cities, and by extending the right of Roman citizen- ship alike to her conquered enemies and her faithful allies. In the end, a right so widely bestowed became of course utterly worthless; but the theory upon which the right was conferred was never for a moment lost sight of. The freeman who received the franchise of the Roman city could only enjoy it within her own walls; it was only within the local limits of the ruling city that the supreme powers of the state could be exercised. And so, whether we take for illustration the exclusive Greek city, or the great Latin city extending its franchise to all the world, the ancient conception of the state as the city commonwealth stands forth clearly and distinctly defined.


Out of the settlements made by the Teutonic nations upon the wreck of the Roman empire has gradually arisen the modern conception of the state as a nation occupying a definite area of territory with fixed geo- graphical boundaries-the state as known to modern international law. In the Mediterranean peninsulas the resultant of a union of tribes was the city commonwealth: in Teutonic lands the resultant of a union of tribes was not a city at all, but a nation. In ancient Greece and Italy the city became the heart, the center, of social and political life; while in coun- tries inhabited by the Teutonic race the idea of the city never became dominant. It must not be supposed, however, that the new unit of organi- zation which arose out of a union of Teutonic tribes at once ripened into the full modern conception of the state as a nation possessing a definite portion of the earth's surface, with fixed geographical boundaries. The


19


POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE STATE.


fact must be borne in mind that the primary bond which united the people who composed a Teutonic nation was a personal one-the national king was first, among the people, the embodiment of the national being, but not the king of a particular area or region of territory. Alaric was king of the Goths wherever the Goths happened to be, whether upon the banks of the Tiber, the Tagus, or the Danube. The general nature of the transition whereby this primitive notion of tribal sovereignty was grad- ually superceded by that of territorial sovereignty has been described as a movement from personal to territorial organization; from a state of things in which personal freedom and political rights were the dominant ideas to a state of things in which those ideas have become bound up with and subservient to the possession of land. The new conception of terri- torial sovereignty, which thus grew out of "the process of feudalization," did not become established, however, until after the breaking up of the empire of Charles the Great, out of whose fragments have arisen most of the states of modern Europe. The completion of the transition is marked by the accession of the Capetian dynasty in France. Hugh Capet and his descendants were kings in the new territorial sense; they were kings who stood in the same relation to the land over which they ruled as the baron to his estate, the tenant to his freehold. The form thus assumed by the monarchy in France was reproduced in each subsequent dominion established or consolidated; and thus has arisen the state system of mod- ern Europe, in which the state, as the nation, endowed with territorial sovereignty, is the basis of all international relations. Thus did the modern conception of the state receive its final form in "the process of feudalization" through which the Teutonic nations passed after their settlements within the limits of the Roman empire.


Only in the light of what has now been said as to the historical origin of the modern state is it possible clearly to understand the process through which the Teutonic invaders, who came into Britain between the middle of the fifth century and the end of the sixth, and there built up that strange political organism known as the English kingdom, whose distinctive political features have been reproduced in the constitution of every state in the American union. All the evidence tends to show that the Teutonic invaders came into Britain in disconnected bands, more or less numerous, each under its own leader, who singled out some special district of country for conquest and settlement. After the native popu- lation had been either expelled or exterminated, within the limits which the conquerors had made their own, the whole fabric of Teutonic life was replanted in a practically free and unincumbered soil. The village com- munity which appears in Germany as the mark, reappears as the tun or township in Britain, where it becomes "the unit of the constitutional machinery." The tun-moot elected its own officers, and also provided for the representation of its interests in the courts of the hundred and shire, where the gerefa and four discreet men appeared for the township. In




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