USA > Alabama > Memorial record of Alabama. A concise account of the state's political, military, professional and industrial progress, together with the personal memoirs of many of its people. Volume I > Part 13
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The Sixth Alabama was organized at Montgomery in May, 1861, and ordered first to Corinth, then to Virginia, where it passed the fall and winter in the vicinity of Manassas Junction, and reorganized the follow- ing spring, enlisting for the whole of the war. Its first serious fighting
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was at Seven Pines, where it suffered terribly, losing 102 of its number, six of them being the following officers: Col. James J. Willingham, Maj. S. Perry NeSmith, Capt. Matthew Fox, Capt. Augustus S. Flournoy. Capt. John B. McCarthy, Capt. W. C. Hunt and Capt. Thomas Bell. Its muti- lated columns passed with great distinction, but with additional suffering, through the battles of Mechanicsville, Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill, Boons- boro, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Winchester. A number of its men were captured at Cedar Creek. Moving back to Petersburg, it was placed in Fort Mahone, exposed to continual fire, until its eighty men, under Lieut .- Col. Culver, surrendered at Appomattox. Besides the officers already mentioned, the regiment lost many others. Lieut. - Col. A. M. Gordon was killed at Chan- cellorsville, Adj. J. Whit Thomas at Spottsylvania; Adj. Edgar Watson at Farmville, and Capt. W. C. Hunt at Cedar Creek.
The Seventh Alabama was organized at Pensacola in 1861, and re- mained there on duty until November, when it was ordered to Chatta- nooga, and the following month to Bowling Green, from where it fell back to Corinth. Its colonel, S. A. M. Wood, was promoted to the com- mand of a brigade, and as the time of most of the companies expired in the spring of 1862, the regiment was disbanded, the mass of the men entering other organizations. The mounted company from Montgomery and Autauga, under Capt. Jesse J. Cox, and some others of this regi- ment. took part in the battle of Shiloh.
The Eighth Alabama was the first regiment from the state to enlist for the whole war. Its field officers were appointed by the war depart- ment, its colonels being successively John A. Winston, Young L. Ragston and Hilary A. Herbert. After remaining about eleven months at York- town, it was placed in Gen. Pryor's brigade and fought with severe losses in the battles of Williamsburg and Seven Pines. It was then placed in Gen. Wilcox's brigade, fought at Mechanicsville, and lost half its number in the victorious assault at Gaines' Mill. It was still further mutilated in its combat with Meagher's Irish brigade at Frazier's Farm; but, add- ing new recruits, marched toward the Potomac and was held in reserve at second Manassas. It took part in the capture of Harper's Ferry and fought obstinately at Sharpsburg. At Salem Church it assisted in driv- ing back the Federal assault. It was in the battles of Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and second Cold Harbor. It participated in . the capture of the "Crater," at Deep Bottom, attempted to dislodge the enemy from their position on the Weldon railroad, and assisted in the repulse of the Federals on the plank road below Petersburg. It is said that some of the veterans wept like children at the announcement of the surrender, and tore their old battle flag into shreds to keep as mementos. Of the officers, Col. Thomas E. Irby was killed at Williamsburg, Maj. Duke Nall died of wounds received at the Wilderness, Capt. Thomas Phe- lan and Capt. G. W. Hannon were killed at Gaines' Mill; Capt. Robert T.
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McCrary was killed at Salem; Capt. Lewis A. Livingston, wounded at Gettysburg, died in prison; Capt. Leonard F. Summers and Capt. Patrick Loughy were killed at Seven Pines; Capt. Henry McHugh was killed at Gettysburg, and Capt. M. E. McWilliams died in the service.
The Ninth Alabama was organized at Richmond, Va., in May, 1861, moved to Winchester, was brigaded under Gen. Kirby Smith, and lay at Manassas until March, 1862. Gen. J. H. Forney of Calhoun succeeded to the command of the brigade until relieved by Gen. Wilcox. The regiment was under fire with slight losses at Yorktown, Williamsburg and Seven Pines. It suffered severely at Gaines' Mill and Frazier's Farm, was under fire at second Manassas, and shared in the investment of Harper's Ferry. At Salem it lost heavily in a successful assault, and suffered great loss at Gettysburg. It was also in the battles of the Wilderness, Appomattox and second Cold Harbor. After serving in the trenches of Petersburg nearly nine months, it surrendered at Appomattox. Its first colonel was Cadmus M. Wilcox of Tennessee, afterward a distinguished major-general. Adjt. James W. Wilson and Capt. John Rayburn were killed at Sharpsburg; Capt. W. C. Murphy, at Salem; Capt. Thomas H. Hobbs and Capt. E. Y. Hill, at Gaines' Mill; Capt. John Chisholm, captured at Gettysburg, died at Fort Delaware.
The Tenth Alabama was organized at Montgomery, May, 1861, was sent to Virginia and brigaded under Gen. Kirby Smith, and was doing detatched duty when it was attacked with severe loss at Drainesville. It was under artillery fire at Yorktown, and fought at Williamsburg and Seven Pines. It took a conspicuous part in the battles of Gaines' Mill and Frazier's Farm, losing over 200 men, and also lost heavily at second Manassas. It was under fire at Harper's Ferry, and in the thickest of the fight at Sharpsburg. It was also engaged actively on the Rappahannock, suffering lightly at Hazel river and Fredericksburg; but it lost terribly at Salem, Gettysburg, second Cold Harbor, and in the fights around Petersburg. Ten officers and 208 men were left to surrender at Appo- mattox. Two of its colonels were the brothers John H. and William H. Forney, both wounded in the service, and both promoted. Two other of the Forney brothers fought gallantly during the war, the younger, Col. George H. Forney of the First Confederate battalion, falling at the battle of the Wilderness. Col. John J. Woodward, Capt. William Lee and Capt. Robert W. Cowan of the Tenth were killed at Gaines' Mill; Lieut .- Col. James B. Martin at Talladega; Lieut .- Col. James E. Shelley, Capt. George P. Brown and Capt. Henry N. Coleman at Petersburg; Capt. Walter Cook at Salem,; Capt. Richard C. Ragan at Spottsylvania; Capt. George C. Whatley at Sharpsburg; and Capt. Pickens W. Black at Cold Harbor.
The Eleventh Alabama was enlisted in 1861, at Lynchburg, Va., and was brigaded at first under Gen. Kirby Smith, later under Gen. Forney and Gen. Wilcox. Its first severe action was at Seven Pines, where its gallant and distinguished colonel, Sydenham Moore, fell mortally wounded.
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At Frazier's Farm, in company with several other regiments, it charged with bayonets across an open field, losing 182 of its number, Capts. Hol- combe, McMath, Bell, Parker and Bratton, being among the slain. It was in the battles of second Manassas, Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Salem and Gettysburg, wintered in 1863-64 near Orange Court House, was at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, the Crater, Burgess' Mill, the struggles around Petersburg, and surrendered at Appomattox. Lieut :- Col. Stephen H. Hale was killed at Gaines' Mill; Adjt. R. Y. Ashe and Capts. Cadell and Brazelton at Petersburg; Capt. James at Cold Har- bor, and Capt. Harris at the Crater.
The Twelfth Alabama was organized at Richmond, July, 1861, and moved toward the Potomac. It was briagded under Gen. Ewell, and later under Gen. Rodes. It was under fire at Yorktown and Williamsburg; and at the battle of Seven Pines stormed the position held by Casey's divi- sion. It was in the fights before Richmond, the battle of Malvern Hill, the advance into Maryland, the battles of Boonsboro, Sharpsburg, Fred- ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Brandy Station and Gettysburg, covering the rear in the latter place. It wintered near Orange Court House, and was afterward engaged at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Winchester and Petersburg, about fifty being left to surrender at Appomattox. Col. Rob- ert T. Jones, Capt. Robert H. Keeling, and Capt. C. A. Darwin were killed at Seven Pines; Col. B. B. Gayle at Boonsboro; Capt. Thomas Fitzgerald and Capt. Henry W. Cox at Chancellorsville; Capt. E. Tucker and Capt. D. H. Garrison at Sharpsburg; Captain Davis at Gettysburg; Capt. J. McCassells at the Wilderness; Capt. John Rogers at Spottsylvania; and Capt. A. Majors at Snicker's Gap.
The Thirteenth Alabama, organized at Montgomery in July, 1861, was at once sent to Virginia and lay at Yorktown until the following spring. It was warmly engaged at Seven Pines, suffered severely in front of Richmond, took part in the first Maryland campaign, losing at Boonsboro and Sharpsburg, and witnessed the frightful repulse of Burnside at Fred- ericksburg, but suffered lightly on that occasion. Its colonel, B. D. Fry, led the brigade in the celebrated assault on Hooker at Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg, its colors were planted on the crest of the ridge, where they were torn to shreds and the regiment itself badly mutilated. After passing the winter in camp, it took part in the battle of the Wilderness and in the operations around Petersburg; and 100 surrendered at Appo- mattox. Maj. John T. Smith was killed at Chancellorsville; Adj. John Pentz at Sharpsburg; Adj. L. P. Broughton at the Wilderness: Capt. James D. Clark at Mecahnicsville; and Capt. R. N. Cook at second Cold Harbor. Many officers and men were wounded and captured at Gettysburg.
The Fourteenth Alabama was organized at Auburn, August 1, 1861, went first to Huntsville, then to Virginia, and fought at Williamsburg, Seven Pines and Mechanicsville. It was almost annihilated at Frazier's
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MEMORIAL RECORD OF ALABAMA.
Farm and Malvern Hill, making the most desperate charges and losing many of its officers. It fought at Sharpsburg, Salem and Gettysburg, wintered near Orange Court House, and suffered severely at the Wilder- ness, Spottsylvania and in the many struggles around Petersburg. It surrendered, seventy or eighty strong, at Appomattox. Lieut .- Col. David W. Baine and Capt. James S. Williamson were killed at Frazier's Farm, many others being wounded: Maj. R. A. McCord was killed at Chancel- lorsville; Capt. J. F. Wallace lost his life on picket duty on the Mata- pony, Capt. W. C. Allen and Capt. J. L. Craig died in the service; Capt. C. H. Lambeth was killed at the Wilderness; Capt. J. T. Bell at Mechan- icsville, and Captain E. Folk at Petersburg.
The Fifteenth Alabama was organized at Fort Mitchell in 1831. and was at once ordered to Virginia and brigaded under Gen. Crittenden, later under Gen. Trimble. Remaining in Gen. Jackson's division, it was en- gaged at Front Royal, Winchester, Cross Keys, Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill and Hazel river. It lost heavily at second Manassas, and was in the bat- tles of Chantilly, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg. Suffolk, Gettysburg, Battle Mountain, Chickamauga, Brown's Ferry, Lookout Valley, Knoxville and Bean's Station; and suffered severely at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Hanover Junction and second Cold Harbor. At Deep Bottom, one-third of its men engaged were killed. Capt. Weems was mortally wounded at Gaines' Mill, and Capt. John A. Oates died of wounds received at Gettys- burg; Capt. P. V. Guerry was killed at Cold Harbor; Capt. J. H. Ellison and Capt. H. C. Brainard at Gettysburg; Capt. B. A. Hill at: Fussell's Mill; Capt. Glover at Petersburg; Capt. Frank Park at Knoxville, and Capt. Hill at Cross Keys. Nearly all its officers were wounded in differ- ent battles, and beside the men killed in battle, 440 died in the service.
The Sixteenth Alabama was organized at Courtland, August, 1861, and Was ordered to Knoxville and placed in Gen. Zollikoffer's brigade. It fought with severe loss at Fishing Creek, was transferred to Gen. Wood's brigade and was warmly engaged at Shiloh. It was in the fight at Triune and suffered terribly at Murfreesboro. It also fought with distinguished gallantry at Chickamauga. After the affair at Missionary Ridge, it win- tered at Dalton, was with the western army and lost heavily at Jones- boro and Atlanta. It moved with Hood into Tennessee and fought bravely at Franklin and Nashville. Many of its officers were wounded and cap- tured in these two severe engagements. The regiment numbered less than a hundred when it surrendered at Goldsboro. Adj. Brice Wilson was killed at Franklin, Col. Fred A. Ashford and Capt. Robert McGregor at Nashville.
The Seventeenth Alabama, organized in Montgomery in August, 1861, was sent to Pensacola, and took part at the bombardment of that place. It was then sent to Tennessee and was in the battle of Shiloh, where it suf- fered severely. In the autumn of 1862 it was in Mobile in charge of eight batteries, on the shores of the bay, and remained there until March,
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1864, when it was ordered to Rome, Ga. It was in the campaign from Dalton to Jonesboro, fighting almost daily, often with severe losses. From Resaca to Lovejoy Station, its entire loss was 400. Moving into Tennessee with Gen. Hood, it lost very heavily at Franklin, and many were captured at Nashville. The remnant was consolidated with several other regiments under Col. Holcombe and surrendered at Greensboro, N. C. Capt. Thomas Ragland of this regiment was killed at Atlanta, and most of the other officers were wounded or captured in the different battles.
The Eighteenth Alabama was organized at Auburn, September, 1861, and field officers were appointed by President Davis. It went first to · Mobile, was then ordered to Corinth, and took part in the battle of Shiloh the first day, being detailed to escort the captured division of Gen. Prentiss to the rear. It was sent back to Mobile and remained there until the spring of 1863. At the battle of Chickamauga, it was terribly
mutilated. It went through the Dalton-Atlanta campaign, losing nearly half its number and rendering very effective service. At Franklin, Tenn., many of its members were captured. Early in 1865 it was ordered to Mobile and participated in the defense of Spanish Fort. Upon the evac- uation of that place it escaped, and finally surrendered at Meridian, May, 1865. Its first colonel, the distinguished Edward C. Bullock, died in the service. He was succeeded by Col. Eli S. Shorter, a very prominent Alabamian, a member of congress before the war, and after the war a can- didate for governor. . He was in turn succeeded by Col. James T. Holtz- claw, who was severely-it was at first thought mortally-wounded at Shiloh. He soon after became a general and won great distinction. Lieut .- Col. Richard F. Inge and Capts. Justice, Stringer, Hammond, Fielder and Mickle, were killed at Chickamauga.
The Nineteenth Alabama was organized at Huntsville, August, 1861, and was ordered to Mobile. It remained there three months, and at Pens- acola two weeks, being then sent to Corinth. At Shiloh it lost more than 200 in killed and wounded. It went with Gen. Gardner into Ken- tucky, and afterward fought at Murfreesboro, losing about one-fourth its strength, again suffering heavy loss at Chickamauga. Wintering at Dalton, it was in the Georgia campaign and was badly cut up before Atlanta. It followed Hood into Tennessee and lost severely at Franklin. Consoli- dated with two other regiments, it surrendered at Bentonville, about seventy-six strong. Its first colonel was Joseph Wheeler, who after the battle of Shiloh was transferred to a cavalry command and promoted, and finally became the senior cavalry general of the Confederate army. He was succeeded in command of the Nineteenth by Col. McSpadden. Capt. R. J. Healy was killed at Murfreesboro; Capt. William D. Mckenzie at Corinth; Capt. Ed. Thornton at Jonesboro, and Capt. Nathan J. Venable at Marietta.
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MEMORIAL RECORD OF ALABAMA.
The Twentieth Alabama was organized at Montgomery, September 16, 1861, and spent several months in Mobile. The following winter it was sent to Tennessee. It went with Gen. Kirby Smith into Kentucky, and was in pursuit of Gen. Sill on Salt river and joined Gen. Bragg just after the battle of Perryville. It was sent to Vicksburg, fought with severe loss at Port Gibson, was in the siege of Vicksburg and surrendered with the fortress. It was exchanged, and, joining Bragg, fought at Missionary Ridge and took part in the campaign from Dalton to Atlanta. It suf- fered severely at Rocky Face, Kennesaw and Jonesboro, lost a great number at Nashville and fought at Kinston and Bentonville, surrendering about 165 strong at Salisbury. Its first colonel, Robert T. Jones, was transferred to the Twelfth Alabama and was killed at the battle of Seven Pines. His successor, Col. Isham W. Garrott, was killed .at Vicksburg, and Capt. Jack Ayres was killed at Jonesboro.
The Twenty-first Alabama was mustered into service in October, 1861, at Mobile. and remained in the vicinity of that city until the following spring, when it was ordered to Corinth. It took part in the battle of Shiloh, where it lost about one-fourth, and was publicly complimented for bravery. It fought at Farmington with slight loss, and returned to Mobile, where it did garrison duty. Two of its companies were stationed at Fort Powell, weher they withstood a bombardment of two weeks from five gun-boats and six mortar-boats attempting to force an entrance to Grant's pass. Six of the companies were captured at Fort Gaines, and two at Fort Morgan, but those at Fort Powell blew up the post and evacuated. The men captured at Fort Gaines were exchanged; the re- mainder of the regiment formed part of the garrison of Spanish Fort. It finally surrendered, about 250 strong, in Sumter county, May, 1865. Many of the members of the Twenty-first were artisans from Mobile, and were frequently detailed to assist in government work. While this reg- iment was at Mobile, Lieut. Dixon, a Kentuckian of Capt. Cothran's Mobile company, and several of his men, volunteered to man a sub-marine torpedo boat. They proceeded to Charleston and from there went to sea one night and blew up the Housatonic of the Federal blockading squad- ron; but the brave crew all perished in their own boat, which sank alongside the enemy.
The Twenty-second Alabama was organized at Montgomery in Novem- ber, 1861, was first encamped at Mobile, and was then sent to Tennessee, where it took part in the battle of Shiloh with severe loss. Placed in Gen. Gardner's brigade, it went into Kentucky and fought at Mumfords- ville, Perryville, and afterward at Murfreesboro. It was in the splendid line which assaulted Rosecrans' army at Chickamauga, and here it lost very heavily, five color-bearers being included in its killed. It wintered . at Dalton, and took part in the Georgia campaign of 1864, losing heavily at Atlanta and Jonesboro. It fought at Franklin and Nashville, was then transferred to North Carolina and skirmished with Thomas' advance,
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fighting at Kinston and Bentonville. Consolidated with the remnants of three other regiments, it finally surrendered at Greensboro, N. C., in April, 1865. Col. John C. Marrast died in service; Col. Benj. R. Hart and Capt. Thomas M. Brindley were killed near Atlanta; Lieut .- Col. John Weedon and Capt. James Deas Nott were killed at Chickamauga; Capt. Abner C. Gaines was killed at Shiloh, and Capt. Ben. B. Little at Jones- boro.
The Twenty-Third Alabama was organized at Montgomery in No- vember, 1861, and spent the winter at Mobile. It was then moved into east Tennessee, where it performed arduous duty in Stephenson's division in the Kentucky campaign. In December, 1862, it was trans- ferred to Vicksburg and was hotly engaged at Port Gibson, where it lost heavily. At Baker's Creek some of its men were captured. It was in the fight at Big Black Bridge, and the regiment, being left behind by over sight, for twelve hours resisted the whole Federal army. Retiring into Vicksburg it shared in the siege and surrender; paroled and ex- changed, it rejoined the army of the Tennessee after the battle of Chicka- mauga, took part at Missionary Ridge and wintered in Dalton. It was in Sherman's front all the way to Atlanta, and suffered heavily at Jonesboro. It was with Hood in Tennessee, guarded the rear of the retreating army and moved into the Carolinas. It fought Sherman from Branchville to Bentonville, and finally surrendered at Salisbury. Its first colonel. Franklin K. Beck, was killed at Resaca; Maj. A. C. Roberts at New Hope; Capt. Rutherford at Jonesboro; Capt. John Stevens at Port Gibson, and Capt. F. Butterfield at Atlanta.
The Twenty-fourth Alabama was organized at Mobile in August, 1861. and remained at Fort Morgan until the following spring. It was then moved to Corinth and was first under fire at Blackland and Farmington. It shared the privations of the Kentucky campaign, but was not actually engaged. It lost severely in the battle of Murfreesboro. and fought with distinguished gallantry at Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge. It wintered at Dalton and fought all the way from Crow Valley to Jonesboro. Moving into Tennessee it was in the battles of Columbia, Franklin and Nashville; then proceeding to the Carolinas it fought at Salisbury. It was consolidated. with two other regiments, and surrendered near High Point, N. C. Capt. W. B. Smith was killed at Murfreesboro, and Capt. William J. O'Brien Chickamauga. Capt. John B. Hazard, wounded and captured at Missionary Ridge, died at Johnson's island. Many of the other officers were wounded and several captured.
The Twenty-fifth Alabama was organized at Mobile, December, 1861, by the consolidation of two battalions. In the following spring it proceeded · to Tennessee and fought with some losses at Shiloh and Farmington. It was with Bragg in Kentucky, but did not take part in any serious action. Coming back, it passed through the battles of Murfreesboro, Chicka- mauga and Missionary Ridge, with severe losses. It recruited and win-
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tered at Dalton, then proceeded on the bloody track through north Geor- gia, making a gallant record, especially at New Hope. At Atlanta it lost very heavily, but captured two stands of colors and many prison- ers. It passed through the battles of Columbia, Franklin and Nashville with severe loss, but preserved its organization and proceeded to the Car- olinas, where it was for some time in Sherman's front. It was finally consolidated with four other regiments and surrendered at Goldsboro. Many of its officers were wounded and disabled. Capt. M. Harper was killed at Shiloh, and Capt. Archibald A. Patterson and D. P. Costello were killed at Murfreesboro.
The Twenty-sixth Alabama was organized at Tuscumbia in the summer of 1861, all its companies being from Fayette and Marion counties. Under instruction during the fall and winter, it was ordered to Yorktown in March, 1862, and was under fire with trifling losses for six weeks. It was led into line at the battle of Williamsburg by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston,_ and at Richmond was placed in Rodes' brigade. It was in the hottest of the fights at Seven Pines, Gaines' Mill, Frazier's Farm and Malvern Hill, losing nearly half its men in the various battles of this campaign; was in the van of the army as it moved over the Potomac, fought at Boonsboro and Sharpsburg, and wintered on the Rappahannock. It fought at Fredericksburg, and in the advance of Jackson's corps at Chan- cellorsville, Col. O'Neal leading the brigade. It took part in the battle of Gettysburg and skirmished at Kelly's Ford and Mine Run. During the winter the Alabama legislature petitioned to have this regiment sent home to recruit, and it remained a short time at Pollard. It was ordered to Dalton in the spring of 1864, and took an active part in the hostilities on the march to Atlanta. It went with Hood into Tennessee, and was badly cut up at Nashville, only a small remnant being left to surrender at Greensboro, N. C. Its first colonel, William R. Smith, resigned to fill a position in the Confederate congress, and was succeeded in the com- mand of the regiment by the gallant E. A. O'Neal, since governor of the state, who was badly wounded in the battles of Seven Pines, Boonsboro and Chancellorsville.
The Twenty-seventh Alabama was organized at St. Heinian, Tenn., in the winter of 1861; was ordered to Fort Henry and later to Fort Donel- son, where it was captured. A number of its men being in the hospitals escaped capture and joined a Mississippi regiment. The main body was exchanged in September and was ordered to Port Hudson, where it re- mained during the winter. At Baker's Creek it was warmly engaged, was in the trenches at Jackson, and in the retreat across the Pearl river. The regiment passed the winter at Canton, and in the spring, 1864, went to Tuscumbia to recruit. A detachment crossed the river and captured 100 prisoners. It was soon after ordered to Dalton and shared all the vicissitudes of the army of Tennessee during the Georgia campaign and the bloody battles in Tennessee in December, 1864. A small remnant
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