USA > Arkansas > Biographical and historical memoirs of northeast Arkansas : comprising a condensed history of the state biographies of distinguished citizens a brief descriptive history of the counties, and numerous biographical sketches of the prominent citizens of such counties. V. 1 > Part 1
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Gc 976.7 B523n v.1 1620742
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02293 5685
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/biographicalhist01unse
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BIOGRAPHICAL
VD HISTORICAL
MEMOIRS
00 OF 00
NORTHEAST ARKANSAS.
COMPRISING
A Condensed History of the State, a Number of Biographies of Distinguished Citizens of the same, a Brief Descriptive History of each of the Counties named herein, and numerous Biographical Sketches of the Prominent Citizens of such Counties.
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ILLUSTRATED.
CHICAGO, NASHVILLE AND ST. LOUIS: THE GOODSPEED PUBLISHING CO. 1889
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PREFACE.
HIS beautiful volume has been prepared in response to the popular demand for the preservation of local history and biography. The method of prep- aration followed is the most successful and the most satisfactory yet devised -the most successful in the enormous number of volumes circulated. and the most satisfactory in the general preservation of personal biography and family record, conjointly with local history. The number of volumes now being distributed seems fabulous. Careful estimates place the number circulated in Ohio at 50,000 volumes; Pennsylvania, 60,000; New York. 75.000; Indiana, 40,000; Illinois, 40,000; Jowa, 30,000; Missouri, 25,000; Kansas. 20,000; Tennessee, 20,000; Kentucky, 25,000; Georgia, 20,000; Alabama, 20,000. and all the other States at the same proportionate rate. The entire State of Arkansas has as yet scarcely been touched by the historian, but is now being rapidly written.
The design of the present extensive biographical and historical research is to gather and preserve in attractive form, while fresh with the evidence of truth, the enormous fund of perishing occurrence. In gathering the matter for the historical sketches of the counties. it was thought wisest, owing to the limited space, to collate and condense only the most valuable items, by reason of which such sketches are a credit to the book, and of permanent worth.
In the preparation of this volume the Publishers have met with nothing but courtesy and assistance from the public. Nothing promised is omitted, and much not promised is given. About fifty pages of State history were guaranteed; over twice that number are given. Special care was employed and great expense incurred to render the volume accurate. In all cases the personal sketches were submitted by mail, and in most instances were corrected and returned by the subjects themselves. Coming as they do from the most illustrious families of the State -all worthy citizens from the upper, middle and lower classes-they form in themselves the most complete account of the Northeast Counties ever written, and their great value to future generations will be warmly acknowledged by all thoughtful people. With many thanks to their friends for the success of such a difficult enterprise, the Publishers respectfully tender this fine volume to their patrons.
THE PUBLISHERS.
October, 1889.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Geology-Importance of Geologic Study-Area and Cli- mate-Boundaries-Principal Streams of the State- The Mountain Systems-The Great Springs-Diversity of Soils-Caves-The Mines, their Wonderful Deposits and Formations .9-18
CHAPTER II.
Archeology-Remains of Flint Arrow and Spear Heads. and Stone and Other Ornaments-Evidences of Prehis- toric People along the Mississippi-Mounds, etc., in Other Portions of the State -- Local Archaeologists and their Work-The Indians-Tribal and Race Character- isties-The Arkansas Tribes-The Cession Treaties- The Removal of the Cherokees, Creeks and Choctaws- An Indian Alarm-Assassination of the Leaders, etc., etc ... 19-23
CHAPTER III.
Discovery and Settlement-De Soto in Arkansas -- Mar- quette and Joliet-La Salle, Hennepin and Touti- French and English Schemes of Conquest and Dreams of Power -- Louisiana-The " Bubble" of John Law- The Early Viceroys and Governors-Proprietary Change of Louisiana -- French and Spanish Settlers in Arkansas -- English Settlers-A Few First Settlers in the Counties -The New Madrid Earthquake-Other Items of Inter- est. 24-34
CHAPTER IV.
Organization-The Viceroys and Governors -- The Attitude of the Royal Owners of Louisiana-The District Divided -The Territory of Arkansas Formed from the Territory of Missouri-The Territorial Government-The First Legislature-The Seat of Government-Other Legisla- tive Bodies-The Duello-Arkansas Admitted to State- hood-The Constitutional Conventions-The Memor- able Reconstruction Period-LegiMative Attitude on the Question of Secession -- The War of the Governors. etc., etc. .344-44
CHAPTER V.
Advancement of the State-Misconceptions Removed- Effects of Slavery upon Agriculture -- Extraordinary Improvements Since the War-Important Suggestions
-Comparative Estimate of Products-Growth of the Manufacturing Interests-Wonderful Showing of Ar- kansas-Its Desirability as a Place of Residence-State Elevations .45-50
CHAPTER VI.
Politics -- Importance of the Subject-The Two Old Schools of Politicians-Triumph of the Jacksonians -Early Prominent State Politicians-The Great Question of Secession -- The State Votes to Join the Confederacy --- Horror of the War Period-The Reconstruction Distress -The Baxter-Brooks Embroglio .. . . . .... .52-55
CHAPTER VII.
Societies, State Institutions, etc. -- The Ku Klux Klan- Independent Order of Odd Fellows -- Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons-Grand Army of the Republic-Bu- reau of Mines-Arkau-as Agricultural Associations- State Horticultural Society - The Wheel-The State Capital-The Capitol Building-State Libraries -- State Medical Society -- State Board of Health-Deaf Mute Institute-School for the Blind- Arkansas l'maria Asylum - Arkansas Industrial University-The State Debt 56 -64
CHAPTER VIII.
The Bench and Bar-An Analytic View of the Profession of Law-Spanish and French Laws-English Common Law-The Legal Circuit Riders-Territorial Law and Lawyers-The Court Circuits-Early Court Others- The Supreme Court -- Prominent Members of the State Bench and Bar-The Standard of the Execution of Law in the State. . .. .. $5-73
CHAPTER IX.
The Late Civil War-Analytical View of the Troublons Times-Passage of the Ordinance of Secession-The Call to Arms-The First Troops to Take the Field-In- vasion of the State by the Federal Army -Sketch of the Regiments-Names of Officer-Outline of Field Oper- ations-Cleburne and Yell -Extracts from Private Memoranda-Evacuation of the State-Re-occupation -The War of IS12-The Mexican War-Standard of American Generalship.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER X.
Public Enterprises -- The Real Estate Bank of Arkansas- State Roads and Other Highways --- The Military Roads -Navigation within the State from the Earliest Times to the Present-Decadence of State Navigation-Steam- boat Racing -- Accidents to Boats-The Rise and Growth of the Railroad Systems -- A Sketch of the Different Lines-Other Important Considerations .. .82-87
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CHAPTER XI.
The Counties of the State-Their Formation and Changes of Boundary Lines, etc .- Their County Seats and Other Items of Interest Concerning them-Defunct Counties -New Counties-Population of all the Counties of the State at every General Census .. 87-92
CHAPTER XII.
Education -The Mental Type Considered-Territorial Schools, Laws and Funds-Constitutional Provisions for Education-Legislative Provisions -- Progress since the War - The State Superintendents - Statistics- Arkansas Literature-The Arkansaw Traveler ..... .93-97
CHAPTER XIII.
The Churches of Arkansas-Appearance of the Mission. . aries-Church Missions Established in the Wilderness -- The Leading Protestant Denominations-Ecclesiasti. cal Statistics -- General Outlook from Religious Standpoint. .98-101
CHAPTER XIV.
Names Illustrious in Arkansas History-Prominent Men- tion of Noted Individuals-Ambrose H. Sevier-Will- iant E. Woodruff - JJohn Wilson -John Hemphill- Jacob Barkman-Dr. Bowie-Sandy Faulkner-Samuel H. Hempstead-Trent. Williams, Shinn Families, and Others-The Conways -- Robert Crittenden-Archibald Yell-Judge David Walker-Gen. G. D. Royston -> Judge James W. Bates 102-112
CHAPTER XV.
Greene County-Physical Features -- Stream>-Forests- Kind of Soil-Agricultural Products-Stock Interests- Real and Personal Property-Population-Railways- Era of Settlement -- A Noted Hunter-Acts of the Coun- ty Board-County Seat and Buildings-Officers-Polit- ical Outlook-Legal Matters-Military Affairs-Munic. ipalities-Schools-Churches-Biography .113-1>8
CHAPTER XVI.
Clay County-Location and Description-Drainage-Tim. ber-Soil-Natural Resources -- Live Stock-Taxation -- Population-Railroad ---- Settlement -- County Organiza- tion-Change of Name- The County Divided .- Public Buildings-County Officers -Politie -- The Courts- Legal Executions-The Civil War-Towns and Villages -. Newspapers-Education and Religion- - Biographical Sketches
CHAPTER XVII.
Fulton County -- It- Formation, Organisation and Officer- -Its Capital and Building --- Political Record-The Bench and Bar-Situation of the County-Important Statistics for the Instruction of Innmigrants-Real and Personal Taxation - Aggregate Population - Educa- tional and Religionis Advancement-Selected Family Records -- The Great Rebellion-Municipal Organiza- tions .. .250-309
CHAPTER XVIII,
Craighead County-Location and Description -Streams and Drainage -- Timber and Soil -- Resources and Pro. ductions-Live Stock-Property, Real and Personal- Population -- Railroads-Settlement -- County Organiza- tion-County Seat --- County Building ---- Local Officers --- Polities -- The Courts-The Civil War -Towns and Village-County Biography-Education-Religion- Other Items. .. 809-363
CHAPTER XIX.
Randolph County-The Pioneer --- The County Porausland Organized -- Seat of Jusfire -- Buildings -- Local Officer- -Elections -- Natural History-Water-courses -- Miner- als, Soil, etc .- Wood Supply - Vegetable and Other Products - Statistics -Taxables-The Ceasus-Public Highways-The Great War-Low and Lawyers-In- struction - Morals - Towns and Villages - Salvato Biography .. .361-45
CHAPTER XX.
Mississippi County - Location. Boundary, Topography. etc .- The Expedition of De Soto into Mississippi County -- Towns-Settlements by Lova! Names-Settet Societies - Military Affairs of the County-The Ummi -. ing of the Colored People-Officers of the County- Public Building-Population-Local Statistics-Coup. ty Organization-Levies-Schools and Churches-Si- lected Biographical Sketches 445-500
CHAPTER XXI.
Poinsett County-The Records of the Courts-Formation of the County and Selection of the Seat of Law-List of Local Officers-Election Statistics-Centers of Popy. lation-Societies, etc .- Local instruction-Moral OF- ganizations-The Southern Confederacy-The County Bounded-It- Topography and Geology-It - Wondering! Soil and its Products-Population-Railroads --- Names of Early Settlers-Private and Family Records .. .. STUR2:
CHAPTER XXII.
Independence County-Formation and Organization- Public Structures-Catalogue of Othigh -- The Fran chi-e- Administration of Law -The Coming of the Pin. herr-Location of the County -li- Water cours- Numerous Personal and Business Sketches-Fiber and Mannes-Land . and Crops -Coupe Returne-Mail road-Religious Growth- Town-Popular lastruction -- War Record -- Facts and Statistic. 421-135
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CHAPTER XXIII.
Sharp County - Location and Topography-The Water Supply-Minerals, Timber and Soil-Prodnets -- Valua- tion of Property - Public Highways -- Population -- Erection of the County-The Legal Center-County Buildings - Days of the Pioneers-Law and Equity Practiced-The Struggle over Slavery and Secession- Villages Located and Described -- School Statistics- Church People -Catalogue of County Officers-Per- sonal and Business Memoranda-Elections. ....... 729-761
CHAPTER XXIV.
Lawrence County-Period of Settlement-The Mound Builders-Boundary of the County-Topography- Rivers or Creeks-Timber, Soil and Products-Minerals and Other Resources-Live Stock -- Taxables-Popula- tion - Railroads -Legal Matters -The Civil War -- School Affairs-Church Strength-The County Cre- ated-Its Officers, Buildings and Seat of Justice- Political Statistics - Towns and Villages - Personal Notices .762-831
CHAPTER XXV.
Jackson County -- Act of Creation-Seat of Justice Lo- cated-County Structures -- Official Catalogue-Votes and Voters-The War of 1861-65-The Administration of Justice -Church Denominations Represented -- School Matters Outlined-Names of the Early Settlers --- The County Located-Topography-Streams-Timber -- Soil-Resources -- Property Valuation - Railroads- Population-Towns and Villages -- Personal Memoirs 882-916
CHAPTER XXVI.
Izard County-The Arrival of the Settlers-Circuit and Probate Courts - Military Memoirs -The County Formed-The County Seat Located-Public Buildings Erected-Election Returns-Church Organizations- Towns and Villages-Educational Development-The County Bounded-Statistics Showing its Desirability as a Place of Residence-Population -- Biography . . 917-951
PORTRAITS.
19. 2K
Elisha Baxter between 72-73
John K. Gibson.
between 504-305
John B. Driver.
97-98
H. M. MeVeigh
5-8-582
W. H. Cate
122-123
James T. Henderson
612-618
S. S. Semmes
66
146-147
B. A. Bugg. 636-637
G. W. Hurley
170-171
T. L. FMusgrave ..
660-661
H. C. Dunavant
194-195
William T. Huddleston 654-685
J. A. Lindsay
218-219
J. W. Rhodes TOS-709
Capt. Dan Matthews
242-243
F. G. MeGavock.
J. L. Abernethy
266-267
B. F. Jones. .
756-151
A. L. Cissell
290-291
W. J. Erwin.
750-551
J. W. Parish.
314-315
E. J. MeGavock
804-505
L. A. Morris.
338-339
J. H. McGavock
828-929
James Rutherford
362-363
D. L. Ferguson.
W. K. Harrison
396-397
V. Y. Cook
D. C. Montgomery.
420-421
R. W. Friend. ..
900-901
W. D. Jones
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444-445
J. F. Davis.
915-910
T. D. Culberhouse
468 469
Lieut. E. M. Ayres
930-931
Dr. Elliott Hickman.
492-493
J. W. Uzzell
945-140
F. M. Wayland ..
516-517
Elliot H. Fletcher
540-541 W. A. Townsend ..
975-976
James F. Jernigan
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ISTORY . OF .
RKANSAS.
CHAPTER I.
GEOLOGY-IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGIC STUDY-AREA AND CLIMATE-BOUNDARIES-PRINCIPAL STREAMS OF THE STATE-THE MOUNTAIN SYSTEMS -- THE GREAT SPRINGS-DIVERSITY OF SOILS- CAVES-THE MINES, THEIR WONDERFUL DEPOSITS AND FORMATIONS.
Such blessings Nature pours, O'erstocked mankind enjoys but half her stores .- Young.
HE matter of first impor- tance for every civilized peo- ple to know is the economic geology of the country they inhabit. The rocks and the climate are the solution in the end of all problems of life, as they are the prime sources from which all that human beings can possess comes. The measure of each and every civilization that has adorned the world is in exact de- gree with the people's knowledge of the natural laws and the envi- ronments about them.
The foundation of civilization rests upon the agriculturists, and nothing can be of more importance to this class than some knowledge of what materials plants are composed, and the source from whence they de- rive existence; the food upon which plants live and grow; how they are nourished or destroyed; what plant food is appropriated by vegetation itself, without man's aid or intervention, through the natural operations in constant action. The
schools will some day teach the children these use- ful and fundamental lessons, and then, beyond all peradventure, they will answer very completely the lately propounded question: "Are the public schools a failure?" The knowledge of the ele- mentary principles of the geology of this country is now the demand of the age, made upon all na- tions, in all elimes.
The character of vegetation, as well as the qualities of the waters and their action upon vege- table and animal life, is primarily determined by the subjacent rocks on which the soil rests. Earth and air are but the combinations of the original gases, forming the solids, liquids and the atmosphere' surrounding the globe. The soil is but the decomposed rocks-their ashes, in other words, and hence is seen the imperative necessity of the agriculturist understanding something of the rocks which lie beneath the land he would success- fully cultivate. He who is educated in the simple fundamental principles of geology - a thing easier to learn than is the difference in the oaks and pines of the forest-to him there is a clear comprehension of the life-giving qualities stored in the surface rocks, as well as a knowledge of the minerals to be
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
found in their company. A youth so educated possesses incomparable advantages over his school companion in the start of life, who has concentrated his energies on the classies or on metaphysical sub- . jects, whether they enter the struggle for life as farmers, stock raisers, miners or craftsmen. It is as much easier to learn to analyze a rock, min- eral or soil, than to learn a Greek verb, as the one is more valuable to know than the other. All true knowledge is the acquirement of that which may aid in the race of life, an education that is so prac- tical that it is always helpful and useful.
The geology of Arkansas, therefore, so far as given in this chapter, is in fact but the outline of the physical geography of one of the most interest- ing localities of the continent, and is written wholly for the lay reader, and attempted in a manner that will reach his understanding.
Within the boundary lines of the State are 53, - 015 square miles, or 33,948,800 acres. It has 3,868,800 more acres of land than the State of New York, and multiplies many times the com- bined natural resources of all the New England States. It has 2, 756 miles of navigable rivers.
It had a population in 1880, as shown by the census, of 802,525. Of these there were 10,350 foreigners and 210,666 colored. In 1820 the Ter- ritory had a population of 14, 255; in 1830, of 30,- 338; in 1840, of 97,554; in 1850, of 209,897; in 1860, of 435,450; in 1870, of 481,471. (This was the Civil War decade.) In 1885 the popula- tion had advanced about 200,000 over the year 1880, or was near 1,000.000. In 1887 it reached the figures of 1,260,000, or an increase of more than a quarter of a million in two years, and there is reason to believe this increased ratio will pass beyond the two million mark in the next census. At least, an increase of one hundred per cent in the ten years is indicated. Keeping in mind that there are no great populous cities in the State, it will be known that this has been that healthy in- crease of population which gives glowing promises for the future of the State. Here the agricultural districts, and the towns and cities, have kept even pace, while in some of the leading States of the Mississippi Valley the great cities have grown
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while the rural population has markedly decreased. These are serious problems to reflective minds in those States where the cities are overgrowing and the country is declining. Happily, Arkansas is troubled with no such indications of the disturbed natural distribution of its people. The State, since it emerged from the dark and evil days of civil war and reconstruction, has not only not been advertised in regard to its natural resources, but has been persistently slandered. The outside world, more than a generation ago, were plausibly led to believe the energy of its citizens was justly typified in the old senseless ballad, "The Arkan- saw Traveler," and the culture and refinement of its best people are supposed to be told in the witty account of Judge Halliburton's " First Piano in Arkansas." The ruined hopes, the bankrupted fortunes and the broken hearts that are the most recent history of the Western deserts, form some of the measure the poor people are paying for the de. ceptions in this regard that have been practiced upon them. These silly but amusing things have had their effect, but they were pleasant and harm- less, compared to th . latest phase of pretexts for persistent publications of the cruelest falsehoods ever heaped upon the heads of innocent men. But. in the end, even this will do good; it is to be seen now among the people. It will put the people of the State upon their mettle, resulting, if that is not already the fact, in giving it the most orderly, law abiding, peaceful and moral people of any equal district of the Union.
The State is in the central southern portion of the great Mississippi Valley, and in climate, soil, rocks, minerals and water may well be designated as the capital of this "garden and granary of the world," with resources beneath the surface that are not, taken all together, surpassed on the globe. Its eastern line is the channel of the Mississippi River "beginning at the parallel 36 of north lati- tude, thence west with said parallel to the middle of the main channel of the St. Francois (Francis) River: thence up the main channel of said last men- tioned river to the parallel of 36° 30' of north lati. tude; thence west with the last mentioned parallel. or along the southern line of the State of Missouri,
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
to the southwest corner of said State; thence to be bounded on the west to the north bank of Red River, as designated by act of Congress and treat- ies, existing January 1, 1837, defining the western limits of the Territory of Arkansaw, and to be bounded west across and south of Red River by the boundary line of the State of Texas as far as the northwest corner of the State of Louisiana; thence easterly with the northern boundary line of said last named State to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi River; thence up the middle of the main channel of said last mentioned river, including an island in said river known as Belle Point Island, and all other land as originally surveyed and included as a part of the Territory, or State of Arkansas, to the 36° of north latitude, to the place of beginning."*
The State includes between its north and south boundary lines the country lying between parallel of latitude 33º north, and parallel of latitude 36° 30' north, and between its east to west lines the country between longitude 90° and a little west of longitude 94° 30'. Its geographical position on the continent assures the best conditions of tem- perature, salubrity and rainfall, this being shown by the absence of the intense heat and the cold storms of the higher latitudes and the drouths of the west.
From the meteorological reports it is learned that the average rainfall in the State during June, July and August is sixteen inches, except a narrow belt in the center of the State, where it is eighteen
* The above descriptive boundary lines are in the au- thoritative language of the State Constitutional Conven- tion. To understand the south and west lines necessitates a reference to the treaties and acts of Congress. The fol- lowing would simplify the descriptive part of the west and south lines: Beginning at the southwest corner of Missouri, or in the center of Section 19, Township 21, Range 34 west of the fifth principal meridian line, thence in a straight line south, bearing a little east to strike the east line of Section 4, Township 8 north, Range 32 west; thence in a straight line south, bearing a little west to where the line strikes Red River in Section 14. Township 13 south, Range 33 west; thence along said river to the southwest corner of Section ?, Township 14 south. Range 28 west; thence south to the northwest corner of the north- east quarter of Section 18. Township 20 south, Range 28 west ; thence east along the 33- of latitude to the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River; thence up said river to the place of beginning. The State lines run with the lines of latitude and the meridional lines, and not with the government survey lines.
inches, and a strip on the western portion of the State, where it is from eight to fourteen inches. Accurate observations covering fifteen years give an average of seventy-five rainy days in the year.
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