USA > Arkansas > Biographical and historical memoirs of northeast Arkansas : comprising a condensed history of the state biographies of distinguished citizens a brief descriptive history of the counties, and numerous biographical sketches of the prominent citizens of such counties. V. 1 > Part 54
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F. & A. M., in Stone County, and has been sec- retary of the same several times. He is also a member of Spring River Lodge No. 49, K. of P.,
at Mammoth Spring, and is vice-chancellor. He and wife are members in good standing in the Baptist Church.
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CHAPTER XVI !!.
CRAIGHEAD COUNTY-LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION-STREAMS AND DRAINAGE-TIMBER AND SOIL-RE- SOURCES AND PRODUCTIONS-LIVE STOCK-PROPERTY, REAL AND PERSONAL-POPULA- TION-RAILROADS-SETTLEMENT-COUNTY ORGANIZATION-COUNTY SEAT-COUNTY
BUILDINGS-LOCAL OFFICERS-POLITICS-THE COURTS-THE CIVIL WAR- TOWNS AND VILLAGES-COUNTY BIOGRAPHY-EDUCATION-RELIGION.
They shunned not labor when 'twas due, They wrought with right good will; And for the homes they won for them. Their children bless them still .- Anon.
RAIGHEAD COUNTY, situ- ated in Northeastern Arkan- sas, is bounded on the north by Lawrence and Greene Counties, Ark., and Dunklin County, Mo. : east by Mis. sissippi County, south by Poinsett and west by Jackson County, Ark. Its length east and west is forty- two miles, and the width at different places is twelve, eighteen and twenty- one miles, including lakes, river-beds and sloughs. Its entire area is 710 square miles, or 454, 400 acres, of which 405, 430 are under taxation. and of the whole area less than one-tenth is im- proved.
tersection of Cache River, in Range 2 east; thence up-stream with its meanders to the line dividing Townships 15 and 16; thence east on the township line to the St. Francis River in Range 7: thence up-stream, with the meanders thereof, to the line dividing Sections 17 and 20, in Township 16. Range 7; thence east to the line dividing Ranges 7 and 8; thence south on the range line to the line dividing Townships 12 and 13: thence west on the township line to the Fifth Principal Meridian: thence north on the meridian line to the place of beginning.
Crowley's Ridge, from its continuation in Greene County, crosses the west central portion of Craighead in a southerly direction. being twelve miles or more in width at the northern boundary. and first widening and then narrowing down to a width of only about three miles near the southern line. The lands on the ridge are gently rolling. and gradually slope down to the level or bottom-
The boundary lines are as follows: Commenc- ing on the Fifth Principal Meridian at the inter- section of the line dividing Townships 14 and 15 north: thence east on the township line to the in- ; lands on either side. The low or Hat and much of
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
the swamp and overflowed lands, the latter consti- tuting a large percentage of the area of the county, will eventually become superior for farming and grazing purposes, when the timber shall have been cleared away and the drift removed from the water- courses.
The St. Francis River flows from north to south across the eastern portion of the county, entering it over Section 6. in Township 15, Range 7, and over Sections 1 and 2, in Township 15, Range 6. This stream varies in its width from a half mile to three miles. Its bed covers large tracts of land along its original channel which were sunk in the earthquakes of 1811-12; and thus becoming covered with water they have since been known as the "Sunk Lands." Other tracts lying east of the St. Francis River were sunk in the same earthquakes, and are also called by a similar name. Clay, Greene and other counties in North- eastern Arkansas were likewise affected by these earthquakes. All that portion of Craighead Coun- ty lying east of Crowley's Ridge is drained by the St. Francis River and its numerous tributaries. Cache River enters from the north at the north- west corner of Section 2, Township 15, Range 2, and flows in a southerly and southwesterly direc- tion, leaving the county a short distance east of its southwest corner. With its tributaries it drains all that territory lying west of Crowley's Ridge.
The water supply for all purposes is abundant. A number of good springs-especially on Crow- ley's Ridge- are found, and a liberal supply of good well water can, at all places, be obtained at an average depth of about thirty feet, without blast- ing or boring through rock. Indeed from wells, cisterns and springs, besides the streams, an abun- dant supply of water may be had for every needed purpose.
The timber here is not unlike that of Clay and Greene Counties. On the ridge nearly all species of oak, gum, poplar, some pine, hickory, ash, etc., are common, while on the lower lands the oaks, gum, cottonwood, cypress, hickory, a little wal- nut, tupelo, etc., abound. The poplar and walnut have been largely cut out, but of several other varieties, especially oak, gum and cypress, a seem-
ingly inexhaustible supply, excellent for saw tim- ber, remains; rail and building timber and wood for fuel are sufficiently plenty to last for years.
The county has a variety of soil from the poor- est "pipe" or white clay to the richest black sandy loam. Of the former there is but little. With proper cultivation all soils produce well. Experienced farmers claim that clover grows lux- uriantly on all except the white clay lands, where its roots heave out by the action of the winter frosts. However, on these lands herds-grass, or red top, stands through the winters, and succeeds well. The soil in general is thoroughly adapted to the raising of Indian corn, wheat, oats, cotton and all kinds of vegetables, also clover and the tame grasses, and tobacco. Fruits common to this latitude thrive splendidly.
At this time lumbering is one of the leading industries and greatest sources of income to the community. Two stave factories and about fifteen saw-mills are within the county, engaged in pre- paring lumber for shipment, and many logs are rafted out on the river ways. The largest revenue to the farmers is from the raising of cotton and corn, which yield probably a nearly equal crop. Some of the saw-mills have cotton-gins and grist- mills attached.
The census of 1880 shows that there were 1,130 farms in Craighead County, and 37,678 acres of improved lands. From these the vegetable pro- ductions for the year 1879 were as follows: In- dian corn, 367,451 bushels; oats, 20,260 bushels; wheat, 15,552 bushels; hay, 206 tons; cotton, 4,374 bales; Irish potatoes, 4,806 bushels: sweet potatoes, 9,715 bushels: tobacco, 24.942 pounds. In the growing of tobacco the report shows that Craighead ranked as the sixth county in the State, notwithstanding its small population and small area of improved lands. These figures will be interesting to compare with the forthcoming cen- sus of 1890, which will show a large increase in improvements, and a corresponding advance.in vegetable productions.
The same census gives the live stock within the county in number as follows: Horses, 1,817: mules and asses, 778; neat cattle, 10,691; sheep, 2,615:
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hogs, 20,182. The returns as indicated on the ' sured of the certain success of proper application assessment books for 1888 are: Horses, 2,541; and industry. mules and asses, 967; cattle, 12,191; sheep, 2,217; In 1860 the population of Craighead County was 3,066, of whom 88 were colored; in 1870, 4,577, with 253 colored; in 1880, 7,037; colored, 261. There is no means of obtaining the popula- tion of the county at this writing, but it is safe to estimate it at much more than double that of 1880. hogs, 15,053. By comparison it is seen that since 1580 the number of horses has more than trebled, the number of mules, asses and cattle has largely increased, while there has been a small decrease in the number of sheep, caused, probably, by the re- duction in the price of wool.
The showing of the census of 1890 will be of much advantage to this territory.
In 1880 the taxable wealth of the county was assessed as follows: Real estate, $535,611; per- sonal property, $280,625; a total of $816,236, on which taxes for State, county and all purposes, to the amount of $11,450, were charged. In 1888 real estate, including the railroads, was assessed at $1,817,464, and the personal property at $821,- 264, making a grand total of $2,638,728, with $40,841.33 as the total amount of taxes charged. These figures demonstrate the great increase in taxable wealth. The personal property alone now exceeds in value the entire taxable wealth of the county in 1880-conclusive proof of the wonder- ful and rapid development of the resources of the county.
The railroads, which constitute large propor tions of the taxable wealth, were assessed in 1888 as follows: Helena Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, $181,000; St. Louis, Arkan- sas & Texas, $238,637.52; Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis, $283, 212.95; total, $702,850.47. All of this has been added to the county since 1880. Craighead has no bonded debt, but has a floating debt, on outstanding warrants, of about $7,500, which will soon be canceled.
No better argument than the facts and figures mentioned, coupled with the mild and genial climate where extremes of heat and cold are never felt, and where the people are hospitable and gen- erons - constituting excellent society - can be offered in favor of inducing immigration. Here the moral, sober and industrious man can find and obtain everything so desirable. and while, per- haps, one may not rise by magie to positions of affluence or perfect independence, he may be as-
The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Rail- road, completed in 1883, enters the county near the northwest corner, and runs in a southeasterly direction through and across by way of Jonesboro and Nettleton. The length of its line within the boundary is twenty-six miles and 4, 266 feet. The Helena Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad enters on Section 3, Township 15, Range 5, and runs thence in a southerly direc- tion, bearing slightly to the westward, clear across the county by way of Nettleton. three miles southeast of Jonesboro. Its length is twenty and sixty-four one-hundredths miles. The St. Louis, Arkansas & Texas Railroad reaches the county line by the side of the Helena Branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Rail- road, which it follows for several miles; then turn- ing to the westward, it passes through Jonesboro, and afterward runs in a southwesterly direction through the remainder of the county. Its length is twenty-eight miles and 1,953 feet. The combined length of the main lines of these three railroads within the county is seventy five miles and 4,318 feet. These railroads give an advantageous outlet to all points of the compass. But few counties, even in old settled communities are so favored with railroad and shipping facilities.
Entrance into the territory composing Craig- head County began about the year 1830. and among the first settlers was a Mr. Martin, who chose a location some five miles south of the present site of Jonesboro. He was probably the first permanent resident. Other very early set- tlers were Rufus Snoddy, Daniel O'Guinn. Yancey Broadaway and Joshua Grinder. John Hamilton. Asa Puckett and Eli Quarles settled in the Broad. away settlement, a few miles west of the site of Jonesboro. Uncle Jack Pearce, John and Thomas
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Simmons took up their residence in the Grinder settlement, a few miles southwest of that place. Perry Osborn, James Stotts. Hardiman Puryear and his son, William, the latter now living near Jonesboro; D. R. Tyler, the McCrackens, Elias Mackey, Henry Powell and William Q. Lane were : all pioneers to this locality. In 1840, John An- derson and his son, John S., the latter now living in Jonesboro, settled on Big Creek, in the north- west part of the county. Christopher and George Cook located on the same creek. The Puryears in 1840 made a home in the southern part.
William Puryear opened the first store in the county at his present home near Jonesboro, haul- ing his goods from Memphis. He gave $8 per sack for salt, the sacks weighing from 200 to 250 pounds each, and for many other necessaries of life corresponding prices were paid. During one season, about the year 1854, his purchase of furs from the pioneer settlers and subsequent sales amounted to $3,700. In "early days," every- thing was of a primitive order. The pioneers wore their homespun clothing, also making garments out of the skins of animals. Many of the women had no shoes to wear except moccasins, made of skins with the flesh side turned out, and on fre- quent occasions the men attended religious services barefooted, and the women with moccasin shoes on. None but the survivors can form a proper concep- tion of the hardships endured by the pioneer set- tlers. Prior to the war period immigration to the new territory was extremely slow, and during that time it was at a standstill. Afterward it was re- newed, but did not increase very perceptibly until the completion of the railroads, since which time it has been quite rapid. As the county is new and but a small portion improved. there is room and excellent opportunities for thousands more to ob- tain homes within its borders.
The county of Craighead was organized in ac- cordance with an act of the legislature of the State, approved February 19, 1859. Thomas B. Craig- head, then representing Mississippi and Critten- den Counties in the Senate, was opposed to the bill creating the new county, while William A. Jones, representing St. Francis and Poinsett Coun-
ties in the same body, was its principal supporter. The bill was called up for passage when the form- er was absent from his seat, and upon returning. he found that it had been passed, and that his own name had been inserted in the space left blank for the name of the county.
In 1883, the legislature, upon the solicitation of certain individuals in the eastern part, divided the county into two judicial districts, the Western, to be known as the Jonesboro district, and the East- ern, as the Lake City district. The range line be- tween Ranges 4 and 5 was made the dividing line. Two years later (in 1885) the legislature changed the line between the districts to the range line dividing Ranges 5 and 6, and in 1887, it passed another act by which Sections 5. 6, 7, 8, 17, 18 and 19, in Township 13, Range 6, were taken from the Eastern and attached to the Western district. The probability is that the districts will, ere long, be abolished and the county placed as it formerly was, under the management of one seat of justice.
About two years after the county's organization, the site of Jonesboro was selected for the permanent seat of justice, and before long a two-story frame court-house, with the county offices below and the court room above, was erected on the public square, where the present one stands. This building stood until February 14, 1869, when it was consumed by fire. A company of the State Militia, who had lodged in it the previous night (fire being discov- ered shortly after their departure), were charged by some with having set it on fire. while others. more charitably inclined, deemed the burning a re- sult of unintentional carelessness. A frame store building on the west side of the square, was then rented and used as a court-house, until 1876, when it also was burned. Marion Sanders was indicted for the destruction of this building, was tried. found guilty. and sentenced to serve a term of two years in the penitentiary. A similar building was then erected on the same ground, and used as a court-house until 1878. when it was consumed in a general fire, in which eight buildings were destroyed. In these several fires the early public records of the county were all destroyed. The present court-house was completed in the summer
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of 1886, by the contractor, W. C. Clark, of Little Rock, at a total cost of $16,500. It is a substan- tial two- story brick structure, with five rooms and a fire proof vault for the records on the first floor, and the court and jury rooms on the second. It is finished in modern architectural style, with a tower and town clock, and is a handsome, attrac- tive building.
The only jail the county has ever had is a small log building, a portion of which is still standing a little distance north of the northwest corner of the public square. The seat of justice for the Lake City district is at the town of Lake City, where the county owns no buildings, but rents a small frame building for a court-house.
The following is a list of the names of the of- ficers of Craighead County from its organization, with the date of their terms of service.
Judges: Isham Fuller, 1859-60; Sam P. Trice, 1860-62; A. C. Huston, 1862-64; J. S. Anderson, 1864-66; J. M. Curnutt, 1866-67 ;* James Carson, 1867-72; J. H. West, 1874-76; W. S. Stephens, 1876-80; J. M. Raines, 1880-82; L. W. Loftis, 1882-86; J. H. Edwards, present incumbent, first elected in 1886.
Clerks: L. H. Sutfin, 1859-64; F. M. Davis, instead of Sutfin, from January, 1864; A. Lynch, 1864-66; L. H. Sutfin, 1866 to October, 1867; R. H. Mckay from October, 1867 to 1872; J. C. Knight, 1872-76; Jacob Sharp, 1876-86; J. H. Mangrum, present incumbent, first elected in 1886.
Sheriffs: William T. Armstrong, 1859-60: W. T. E. Armstrong, 1860-62; William Puryear, 1862-65; W. T. E. Armstrong from January, 1865 to 1866; J. G. Wood, 1866-67; W. H. Nes- bitt, 1867-72: Samuel Nash, 1872-74; D. H. Thorn, 1874-80; William T. Lane, present in- cumbent, first elected in 1880, and re-elected, has since served continuously.
Treasurers: Thomas Nelson, 1859-60; S. W. Chisenhall, 1860-64; C. Sharp, 1864-65; L. W. Loftis, 1865-68; T. S. Ray, 1868-74: E. Watkins, 1874-78; A. S. Nash, 1878-80; J. M. Minton, 1850-82: W. F. Little, 1882-86; J. D. C. Cobb,
* James Carson from October, 1867, vice Curnutt, re- moved.
1886-88; G. W. Cook, present incumbent, elected in 1888.
Coroners: R. H. McCoy. 1859-60; Uriah Kel- lar, 1860-64; L. W. Loftis, 1864-65: J. H. Gam- ble, 1865-68; J. Hargraves, 1868-71: J. H. Steph- ens, 1871-72; John Tanehill, 1872-74: A. N. Couch, 1874-76; R. Robertson. 1876-78; A. N. Couch, 1878-80; H. Dorton, 1880-86: David Cal- vert, 1886-S8; M. D. Willey, present incumbent, elected in 1888.
Surveyors: J. N. Burk. 1859-62; S. M. Oden, 1862-64; A. J. Barnett. 1864-66: E. A. Albright, 1866-68: Joseph Newson, 1872-73; J. W. New- son, 1873-78; W. M. Armstrong, 1878-80; T. M. Boyd, 1880-82; G. B. Hopkins, 1882-84: T. M. Boyd, 1884-86; J. H. Burk. present incumbent, first elected in 1886.
Assessors: W. T. E. Armstrong, 1868-72: D. M. Goodman, 1872-73; C. W. Covender, 1873- 74: J. M. Raines, 1874-76; J. R. Ruffin, 1876- 78; J. Broadaway, 1878-84; R. L. Collins, present incumbent, elected in 1884, re-elected and served continuously since.
Representatives: Z. Stoddard was the first rep- resentative of Craighead County, and J. A. Meek is the present one.
The political aspect of Craighead County may be seen by reference to the number of votes cast at the September election in 1888, for the candi- dates for governor, as follows: James P. Eagle. Democrat, 1,386; C. M. Norwood, combined op- position, 662. The number of votes cast in the county at the November election in 18SS, for the presidential candidates, were: For Cleveland, 1,212; for Harrison, 217; for Streeter, 147.
Upon the organization of the county the courts were held, as provided in the creating act. at the store-house of William Puryear, at his pres- ent residence near Jonesboro, where future ses- sions were held until the site for the seat of justice was selected and a court-house erected.
The county court holds its regular sessions at Jonesboro, commencing on the first Mondays of January, April, July and October of each year, and continuing as long as the business requires. It has jurisdiction over the county business in both
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judicial districts, but does not meet in the Lake City district.
The regular sessions of the probate court are held in the Jonesboro judicial district, commenc- ing on the second Mondays of January, April, July and October of each year, and in Lake City judicial district, commencing on the fourth Mon- days of the same months. It continues " from day to day until the business is disposed of."
The regular sessions of the circuit court for the Jonesboro district commence on the sixth Monday after the first Monday of February and August of each year, and for the Lake City district, on the fifteenth Monday after the first Monday of the same months .* This court has fortunately never been overburdened with criminal trials in this county, because of the absence of unlawful citizens. A few murders have been committed, but no legal executions have followed. Some years ago a negro murdered Miss Mattie Ishmael at her father's house, a few miles north of Jonesboro. He and three other negroes, accessaries, were arrested and given a preliminary trial before a justice of the peace. From the evidence it appeared that the negroes had contrived to steal money which they thought to be in Mr. Ishmael's house, and that the young lady, being the only one at home, was killed to enable them to accomplish the act. The justice of the peace found sufficient evidence to hold the negroes for the action of the grand jury, whereupon the citizens seized and hanged them until they were dead.
The legal bar of Craighead County is composed of the following-named attorneys: J. C. Brook- field, W. H. Cate, T. P. McGovern, J. C. Haw- thorn, J. A. Meek, S. A. Warner, N. J. Thompson, Will A. May, W. A. Maywood, W. W. Nisbett, L. J. Wear, E. W. Hillis, E. M. Roleson, H. J. Smith. Additional mention of the members of the bar is made on other pages.
At the outbreak of the War of 1861-65, the citizens of Craighead County in their actions pur- sued the course most natural for them. Being emigrants, or their descendants, from Tennessee
and other Southern States, they were almost unan- imously in favor of the Southern cause, and conse- quently did what they could in its behalf, by fur nishing soldiers for the Confederate army. The first company in the county was organized in 1861. and was commanded by Capt. J. M. Pollard. It served in the Thirteenth Arkansas Infantry. The next company, raised in the winter of 1862-63, was commanded by Capt. J. D. Hillis. It served in Col. O. P. Lyle's Twenty-third Arkansas Infantry. The next company was that of Capt. M. A. Adair. which served in Col. Young's regiment of Arkan- sas infantry. Another, commanded by Capt. J. G. Wood, was raised in Craighead and Greene Coun- ties, but mostly from the former. It served in a battalion of Col. Kitchens' regiment of Arkansas troops. Another company raised in 1864 in this and Jackson and Woodruff Counties, by Capt. J. B. Hillis, had about one-fourth of its men from this county. A few individuals joined companies or- ganized outside. No body of troops were organ- ized here for the Federal army. A few individu- als may have joined regiments from the North after their removal from this locality.
The only action that took place within the county during the war, was a fight at Jonesboro in 1863, between two companies of Confederate troops, commanded, respectively, by Capts. Adair, of Craighead, and Allen, of Clay Counties, and a de- tachment of a Federal regiment, commanded by Col. Daniels. The latter had stopped in the town and were attacked by their enemies, and driven out. In the contest about thirty were killed aud wounded, principally Federals. A portion of Mar- maduke's army moved through the county, on his retreat from Missouri, and some Federal commands also passed through. It was, however, not much over-run, and did not suffer from the devastations of war such as fell to the lot of many other coun- ties within the State. Among the recent immigrants from the North are many ex-Federal soldiers, and their friendly intercourse shows that the battle-ax has long since been buried.
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