USA > Arkansas > Biographical and historical memoirs of eastern Arkansas, comprising a condensed history of the state, a number of biographies of distinguished citizens of the same, a brief descriptive history of each of the counties named herein, and numerous biographical sketches of the prominent citizens of such counties. > Part 64
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Of cotton, that grand agricultural product, immense quantities are annually procured. It is the only money-making crop which the people of this county handle at the present time, while the peculiar adaptability of the soil (a rich alluvial deposit of sand and sandy loam) makes it highly profitable. As scarcely one twentieth of the avail- able land is under cultivation the capacity of the county is susceptible of a vast increase.
The luxuriant vegetation of natural grasses affords excellent grazing for horses, cattle and sheep. Corn, which thrives throughout the county, affords a nutritious food for stock. So far there are not many regularly established stock farms, but the business is beginning to develop. The mildness of the climate saves the great expense of costly stables, which falls so heavily on farmers of the North and East. At the same time stables sufficient to protect against the rain and spells of
comparatively cold weather are not to be dispensed with by wise farmers. Raising hogs is also profit- able, but there are not nearly enough raised to supply the home demands.
The value of the lumber-producing trees of Crittenden County is extensive and almost incalcu- lable. This source of wealth remains to-day almost untouched, and only awaits the introduction of saw-mills and means of transportation to place hundreds of millions of feet of valuable lumber on the markets of the world. There are, throughout all sections of this locality, large areas of forests of cypress, oak of many kinds, ash, pecan, hick- ory, cottonwood, sycamore and many others that may be profitably employed in various articles of manufacture and commerce. There are yet but few saw-mills in this county, and still fewer stave and bucket factories, while there is an abundance of the best timber in the world for use for those purposes.
The rich and fertile county of Crittenden is situated in the eastern part of the State of Arkan- sas, and is bounded on the north by Poinsett and Mississippi Counties, on the east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Tennessee and Mis- sissippi, on the south by the Mississippi River and on the west by Lee, St. Francis and Cross Coun- ties. It extends for seventy miles north and south along the river, and has an area of 660 square miles. The country is of an alluvial deposit and stretches a solid expanse of rich bottom land. There are many ridges that are above overflow, but by far the greater part of the county is subject to inun- dation from the annual river floods. Tyronza Bayou, in the northwestern part, is a navigable stream, and Lake Grandee, which communicates with the Mississippi at Mound City, is plied by small steamboats during periods of high water.
Reference has already been made, in a general way, to the county's share in the results following the war of 1861-65. During that conflict, in pro- portion to its population, Crittenden sent more men to the field, perhaps, than any other county in Arkansas, while among these soldiers were many who won distinction for their valor on the battle- field, and shed glory on their name at home; also
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giving an enviable distinction to their county in the annals of the Confederate cause.
Maj. J. F. Earle, early in 1861, raised a cav- alry company of State troops. After a short time this company was turned over to the Confederate Government and attached to the army of Gen. Hardee, at Pocahontas. This company was in the Hardee division all through the war, and was in many severe battles.
O. P. Lyles enlisted in this company, but was detached after three months; he then returned to Crittenden County, and raised a company, known as Lyles company. This company joined the Twenty-third Arkansas Regiment, Infantry. This company was in the battles of Corinth, Iuka, Davis' Bridge, Plaines Store (La.), siege of Port Hudson, and many minor engagements and im. portant campaigns.
At Tupelo, the company was reorganized, and attached to Maury's division. Here its captain, O. P. Lyles, was made colonel, serving as such for two months, and was then put in command of a brigade, and sent to Louisiana to aid Gen. Vil- lipig. The General died soon after Lyle's arrival, and Gen. Bealle was put in command of all the troops. The boys were then called the Fourth Arkansas Brigade. Bealle was succeeded by Gen. Gordon, and soon after that began the siege of Port Hudson, which continued fifty-one days and nights.
Capt. John B. Baxter, who commanded a com- pany from Monroe County, was also in this fort during the siege. On one occasion he was directed by Col. O. P. Lyles to hold a point called the cita- del, and informed by the Colonel that the enemy had already tunneled under him for eighty feet, and might at any time explode the mine beneath him. Having warned him of the danger, he elected to go himself, saying he "might as well brook danger as any of his men." He held the position that night, and the next night the surrender oc- curred. Col. Lyles was informed by the Federals that they were to have exploded the mine at 12 o'clock the next night, but he (Lyles) had planted a barrel of powder to have blown them up at 10 o'clock.
After the surrender the officers were sent to New Orleans and Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie, while the privates were allowed to return home on parole.
Capt. Crump, of Crittenden County, did good work at Belmont, where he was wounded, and de- serves special mention. [A fuller account will be found in his biography. ] Various other companies secured troops from this county, operating mostly on police duty and home defense. Of the men who so nobly and promptly responded to the call for troops from Crittenden County, about one-half fell in battle, or died in the hospital, or upon the march. The county officers of Crittenden County, at the present time, (1889), are: Judge, S. A. Martin; county clerk, Samuel Keel; sheriff, W. F. Werner; treasurer, A. H. Ferguson; coroner, C. E. Rasberry; surveyor, Ed. Cheatham; assessor, W. J. Harden; representative in the State legislature, Asa Hodges. Some of the former county officers are also here appended.
County judges: D. H. Harrig, Charles Black- more, A. B. Hubbins, H. O. Oders, W. C. Trice, T. M. Collins (4), W. B. Hay, A, Mensinger, John Thorn, B. C. Crump, J. A. Alexander, W. P. Farnum, William Rives, G. W. Duke, J. F. Bar- ton, Asa Hodges, A. B. Gatlin, T. L. Daugherty, R. B. Barton, J. H. Williams, Daniel W. Lewis and S. A. Martin.
Clerks: J. Livingston, S. R. Cherry, J. H. Wathen, J. Broadenax, W. Armistead, W. P. Cherry (5), S. T. Gilbert, J. J. Lyles, O. P. Lyles, J. F. Earl, J. Swepston, D. W. Lewis, T. W. Gibbs, A. H. Ferguson, David Ferguson and Sam Keel.
Sheriffs: W. D. Ferguson (served for twelve years), J. S. Neely, F. B. Read, C. Stubble, G. W. Underhill, C. J. Bernard, B. C. Crump (served for ten years), J. G. Berry, J. S. Halloway, J. T. Grooms, W. D. Hardin, E. B. Lewis, W. F. Beat- tie, J. Swepston (14) and W. F. Werner.
Treasurers: A. B. Hubbard (1), F. B. Read, G. S. Fogleman (served for twenty years), R. C. Wal- lace, B. Westmoreland, W. D. Hardin, Samuel Floyd, W. F. Werner and A. H. Ferguson.
Surveyors: S. A. Cherry, F. B. Read, R.
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
Wallace, R. R. Williams, J. Bayless, J. Earle, A. Jones, J. C. Duncan, W. Fullwood, Q. M. Bel- lows, E. T. Wimpey, L. B. Hardin, R. Mosely, J. Brown, R. Henderson (12), A. Martin, S. A. Martin, Russ Davis and Edward Cheatham.
Coroners: W. Goshen, William Cherry, O. Wal- lace, John Tory, J. Withworth, H. Bacon, G. McMullen, J. B. Lewis (2), Joshua Hicks, T. M. Peak, John Peak, J. Markham, Wm. Maggerson, P. H. Berry, R. Hood, J. A. Lyles, J. W. Jones, P. Houston, M. L. Johnson, Jeff Rives, S. N. W. Whitting (6), B. Westmoreland, John Terry, S. R. Rushing (11), Shipp Cobb, J. Smith, D. Sumrell (15), C. E. Rasberry and Eli Jackson.
Assessors: B. C. Crump, A. J. Haynes (7), W. L. Copeland, Jubilee Adams, G. W. Oglesby, L. P. Berry, J. Wofford, H. Waterford, R. Y. Logan, J. R. Rooks and W. J. Harden.
In the Territorial legislature Crittenden Coun- ty was represented by the following named: In 1827, John Johnson; 1829, W. D. Ferguson; 1831, James Livingston. In the council during these years, G. C. Barfield, E. H. Bridges and W. W. Elliot served.
In 1836 the Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union of States, and Crittenden, since that time has sent the following members to the Gen- eral Assembly:
Senate: In 1836-40, W. D. Ferguson; 1842-44, A. G. Greer; 1844-45, P. G. Rives; 1846-53, G. W. Underhill; 1854-61, Thomas B. Craighead; 1865, T. Lamberson; 1866-67, O. P. Lyles; 1873, Asa Hodges; 1874-75, J. M. Pollard and C. L. Sulli- van; 1879-81, R. G. Williams; 1883-85, R. F. Crit- tenden; 1887-89, Riddick Pope.
House: In 1837-38, C. N. Blackmore and J. N. Calvert; 1838, W. C. Trice and L. H. Bedford; 1840, T. M. Collins and A. J. Greer; 1842-43, Thomas M. Collins and P. G. Rives; 1844-49, Thomas M. Collins; 1852-53, J. A. Lovejoy; 1854- 55, James F. Barton; 1856-57, Henry B. Edmon- son; 1858-59, O. P. Lyles; 1860-61, B. L. Arm- strong; 1864-65, F. Thrusby; 1866-67, R. C. Jones; 1868-69, Asa Hodges; 1871-73, Adam John- son; 1874, S. P. Swepston and J. F. Smith; 1875, W. L. Copeland; 1877, James Wofford; 1879, A.
C. Brewer; 1881, R. F. Crittenden; 1883, Daniel Lewis; 1885, Asa Hodges; 1887, S. S. Odom; 1889, Asa Hodges.
Many of the men who have served Crittenden County in these various official capacities, whether in State or in county positions, have been men of rare personal attainments and ability, highly edu- cated and intelligent, some absolutely self-made, as Asa Hodges, who, from youth has been the archi- tect of his own fortune. He served in the house of the General Assembly in 1868-69, was elected to the State senate in 1873 and while still a member of that body, was elected to the National Congress. Few men with brighter minds than Mr. Hodges are found in any land, none with a more patriotic devotion to his country. Conservative in his views, he is never blinded by trifles which float in the atmosphere of party strife, but always seeks with the mildest measures harmonious adjustment for the good of all. In his declining years his power- ful mind still retains the activity of younger days, and Crittenden County had no better man than he to return to the General Assembly in 1888, at which election he received a large majority of votes, and the earnest support of the county's best citizens.
In 1832 the United States Government con- structed a road west from Memphis to Little Rock, over which they moved the Indians from the States east of the Mississippi River. It passes west through Crittenden County a length of twenty-six miles, and immediately after its construction be- came the grand highway for emigration to all west- ern points. This was the only passage through the Wilderness, as the Mississippi bottoms were called at that time, and Texas received its flood of pioneers from over this highway, as did Kansas, Nebraska and Western Missouri; so from the time of its completion till 1860 there was hardly a day of any month in all those years, but what, from any point along its path, long trains of wagons could be seen slowly wending their way beneath the overhanging trees, and through the swamps that often lay for many miles along their track.
Crittenden County is well supplied with rail- roads, having in the aggregate about seventy-one
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miles of track belonging to three different lines of roads, all passing through its territory and termin- ating at the river opposite Memphis.
The first road constructed through the county was the Memphis & Little Rock. It is nineteen miles long, passing southwest from Hopefield through Mound City and Proctor Township.
The Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railroad, completed in 1883, passes from West Memphis northwest through Mound City, Jasper, Wappanocca and Fogleman Townships, and has a length in this county of twenty-six miles.
The Memphis or Bald Knob branch of the Iron Mountain Railroad was completed through Critten- den County in 1888; it also has a length here of twenty-six miles, and traverses west from West Memphis, through Mound City, Jasper and Jack- son Townships.
These various lines of railroads represent in value about one-half of the taxable property of the county.
In Crittenden County there are twenty-one school districts, in all of which school is held dur- ing several months of the year.
The county examiner's report of 1888 shows a total enrollment of 3,570 children of school age.
To employ teachers for the education of this large school population the county has abundant funds, for while the amount expended for teach- ers' salaries in 1888 was $9,874 the income from various sources was $16,934, leaving a balance in the hands of the county treasurer of over $7,000. With this large sum, and with the interest that the people of the county are taking in educational matters, it will be plainly seen that Crittenden County will soon have as good schools as any county in the State.
The Methodist Church of Marion was organ- ized many years ago by some of the old pioneers of this section. In 1879 a fire in the town de- stroyed this church, soon after which the ladies of Marion, taking the matter in hand, were instru- mental in raising funds for the erection of another edifice. The new building was completed a year or so later; it is a tasty and ornamental structure, costing about $800. Mr. Smith and Dr. Whitsitt,
superintended the work, and lent such assistance as was needed from time to time.
In May, 1889, Col. J. F. Smith, and others started the Marion Reform, a weekly newspaper, whose purpose was to improve and elevate the morals of the citizens, and improve the intellect- ual condition of the people generally. A paper published by the colored people at Marion, called the Marion Headlight, had been in circulation for about two years, and was outspoken, and strenu- ous in inciting the colored people to discontent and discord. The promoters of the reform advocated a practice of fair and just dealing, showing the colored people, that as peace was their everlasting hope, its preservation was equally essential to all, both white and black. Mr. W. M. Holmes, the present publisher, has had it in charge but a short time, yet he is building his publication into a cred- itable county newspaper, and one that is destined to wield decided influence.
There are no towns in Crittenden County that can be properly so called except Marion, the county seat. This village is situated fourteen miles north- east of Memphis, and five miles directly west from the Mississippi River. The settlement near here was made early in the nineteenth century by Augustine Grandee, who settled on a lake that still bears his name. Around this old Spaniard's settlement soon clustered others, seeking favorable situations for a home, till, in 1826, when the com- missioners appointed by the county court to select a site for the seat of justice for the county, chose this point; so on the banks of Lake Grandee, which is navigable in high water, the town of the future seat of justice was laid out. The alternate lots of twenty acres were deeded to Crittenden County by Marion Tolbert and wife, Temperance, and the name Marion given to the town was likely bestowed in honor of Mr. Tolbert. A postoffice was soon established, and the first postmaster was (upon the authority of Mr. William Vance) Sam Gilbert. Among the early merchants was Capt. McAlister.
The principal industries now in the place are represented by the following: General stores, James Bassett, William M. Bingham, Lewis & Newman, Raymond Henderson, A. F. Ferguson, Samuel D.
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HISTORY OF ARKANSAS.
Bassett, J. R. Chase, T. Ankrun and J. F. Smith; lawyers, L. P. Berry, R. F. Crittenden; physi- cians, W. M. Bingham, T. O. Bridgforth, W. R. Barton; blacksmith, G. W. Hunter; cotton-gins, Asa Hodges, J. F. Smith, S. C. Cox, R. H. Weaver, Sam Keel and John Burns. There is one white and one colored Methodist Episcopal Church, and three Baptist colored Churches in the place. C. L. Lewis is postmaster. The city officers elected in April, 1889, were: L. D. Blann, mayor; C. L. Lewis, recorder; L. P. Berry, James Bassett, James Brooks, A. W. Mathews, J. S. Smith, aldermen; John Painter, marshal, Frank Forrest, deputy marshal.
Marion is surrounded by a magnificent stretch of cultivated land, thousands of acres surrounding it on every side, while along the military road the plantations extend unbroken to the river, or for more than five miles. In the immediate vicinity are some of the largest and finest cotton planta- tions to be found in the South.
Marion Lodge No. 3114, K. of H., was organ- ized by the Rev. Mr. Futrell, about 1885. Some of the original members were: C. L. Lewis, A. S. Grigsby, Sam Bassett, James Bassett, A. H. Fer- guson, J. R. Chase and J. H. Smith.
In 1883 the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gal- veston Railroad was completed to the bank of the Mississippi River opposite Memphis. The com- pany at once built a station and made railroad yards, to which Gen. Nettleton gave the name of West Memphis.
In 1870 Robert and Hope Vance settled on about 600 acres that had been bought by their father, William Vance, for his children. This was all wild land, and the Vance boys built a log-cabin in which they "bached."
In 1875 Robert built a neat frame residence, which now stands opposite the railroad station. Up to the completion of the railroad these were the only houses at this point.
In 1884 Robert, Frank and Arthur Vance con- ceived the idea of laying out a town here. All the buildings erected there have been built on this site or on the land of Hope Vance, which has been laid out as an addition to the town.
In 1888 the Memphis branch of the Iron Mount- ain Railroad was completed to West Memphis, and the trains cross on the Kansas City transfer boats.
There are three stores there now, conducted by Winchester Bros., Richard Bros. and C. B. Gwin.
The St. Louis Wood & Willow Factory have just completed their large manufacturing estab- lishment here, and in the near future will give em- ployment to a large force of hands.
In 1885 a postoffice was established and Robert Vance was appointed first postmaster; he has since held the commission and had charge of the office.
The present population is about 200, but on the completion of the Memphis bridge, now in the course of erection, it will offer great opportunities for business investment.
In the early history of this county Mound City was one of its important points. It waslocat- ed on the Mississippi, a few miles above Memphis, and was made the terminus of the military road. Early in 1850 and 1860 there were several stores here, and immediately after the war they did an extensive trade, it being the distributing point for all the interior country. There were several large hotels, only one of which is standing now, and that is a ruin. In 1865 the steamboat Sultana, crowded with discharged Federal soldiers returning home, blew up in the channel in front of Mound City. It was a horrible accident, in which it is estimated that 2,000 people lost their lives. The boat sank in the channel, and around the old hull a bar soon began to form. It enlarged from year to year, and soon changed the channel of the river. The bar thus formed about the sunken hull is now an island of considerable size, and completely shuts off Mound City from the river. So, as it has no river trade, and the railroads taking the freight to the in- terior, it is now nothing more than the barest re- membrance of what it used to be. There is one store here, kept by John Malone, who is also post- master. Several large and fertile plantations are around this old place.
The village of Crawfordsville is situated in the eastern part of Jackson Township, in the western part of Crittenden County. It is in the center of
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a farming district that was settled many years ago, and surrounded by some of the choicest and most productive lands in the State. It is a great cotton- producing section, and since the completion of the Memphis branch of the Iron Mountain Railway it is rapidly growing into an active business center.
There is a larger area of arable land about Crawfordsville than in any other part of the county.
The business interests consist of four general stores, conducted by A. R. Strong, J. H. Williams & Bro., Arthur Blann and R. G. Logan; one saloon by A. M. Gibson; two steam cotton-gins by Mrs. Jenkins and Mr. Swepston.
A white Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and several churches for the colored people are found, besides two schools for the colored children and one for the white. B. M. Williams is the postmaster, and the village has a population of about 200 souls.
Edmond M. Apperson, Jr., an enterprising citizen of Proctor Township, owes his nativity to the State of Kentucky, where he was born, in Shelby County, August 25, 1858, being the son of J. W. and Margaret A. (Thomas) Apperson, na- tives of Tennessee and Kentucky, respectively. J. W. Apperson was connected with the business house of E. M. Apperson, Sr., at Memphis, Tenn., prominent wholesale grocers, cotton factors and commission merchants, and met his death at the battle of Shiloh. Mrs. Apperson continued to re- side in Memphis after her husband's demise, and gave her children liberal advantages for obtaining an education. By her union with Mr. Apperson she became the mother of three children: Edmond M., Jr., Bertha (wife of C. H. Bond, of Cuero, Tex.) and John W. (traveling salesman). Ed- mond M., Jr., passed his boyhood days in the schools of Memphis, and at the age of fifteen en- tered the college at Lexington, Va., a well-known and popular military institution. At the expiration of three years he accepted a position as shipping clerk in the firm of E. M. Apperson & Co. In 1886 he was united in matrimony with Miss E. D.
Jeffies, and to their union two children have been born: William J. and Edmond M. (who died in 1888). Mr. Apperson and Mr. Jeffies are the own- ers of 240 acres of valuable land, as mentioned in the sketch of Mr. Jeffies. Politically the former is a Democrat and exerts considerable influence in the county during election. He comes from one of the oldest families to settle in Memphis, and is a man whom it is a pleasure to meet. Popular in business and social circles, he is well worthy the confidence and esteem reposed in him by the entire com- munity.
Maj. James F. Barton (deceased), whose portrait appears in this volume, was one of the most prom- inent citizens of this county as well as of the State. The Barton family is one that is well known in con- nection with the history of Arkansas, and is of English-Irish lineage. The first history that we have of them is a Barton, whose given name is un- known, that came to this country and settled in Charlotte County, Va., long before the Revolution- ary War, where his son, James Barton, is supposed to have been born, and he is known to have immigrated to Abbeville District, S. C. He also had a son, James, who was born February 22, 1772, in Charlotte County, Va. He left his native State in 1784, going to South Carolina with his father, where he remained for ten years, when he married and went to Mercer County in 1794; in 1796 to Barren County, where he died September 24, 1846. He was a self-made man, having started with little but his hands, and a determined mind to make his fortune, which he did, for he was very wealthy when he died. He was an earnest worker in the Christian Baptist Church, very charitable, of a pushing and energetic turn of mind. James Barton, son of the above, was born July 5, 1794, in Mercer County, Ky., and in 1823 he moved to Henry County, Tenn., where he remained till 1835, when he moved to Tipton County, Tenn., where' he died March 5, 1852. James Forbes Barton, son of the above and subject of our sketch, was born in Henry County Tenn., December 7, 1824. He went to Barren County, Ky., where he reached his ma- jority, and received the last years of his educational training. While in this county he was married
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December 7, 1847, to Frances B. Edmunds, who was born December 7, 1831. In 1850 they moved to Texas, but at the request of his father returned in 1852, and settled in Crittenden County, where he purchased large tracts of land, on which he made many valuable improvements. He also en- gaged in steamboating, and having become very prominent in politics was elected to the legislature and was afterward county and probate judge. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was a sympathizer of the Union, but when the South seceded, he took sides with his State and joined the Confederate army, and after casting his lot with the South, he took active part and served with great credit. He organized a company in Crittenden County, of which he was made captain of the rank of major. He was assistant quartermaster under the then chief quartermaster of the Trans-Mississippi De- partment, Maj. John D. Adams, of Little Rock, Ark. He held the position of collector of cotton- tax till 1863, when he was recommissioned to or- ganize a battalion in the Confederate States. Going into the service as a captain in Col. Dobbin's reg- iment, he was commissioned by the department to go into Georgia to secure arms for the soldiers. After making four trips, he secured enough arms to equip nearly all of Gen. Price's army, previous to the last raid through Missouri, Kansas and In- dian Territory. Near the close of the war he was made major, which office he filled till the close, when he surrendered at Mound City, this county, in 1865. During the war the Federal troops burned his home, leaving his family in very destitute cir- cumstances, having neither food nor clothing. The war ended, he returned to his family and took act- ive part in righting the wrongs brought on by the long contest. He held the office of county judge till the reconstruction, when he was disqualified. He then moved to Memphis, Tenn., where he owned considerable property, and lived there till his death, which occurred October 11, 1873, of yellow fever. While in Memphis he became very promi- nently engaged in the manufacture of cotton-seed oil, and was the cause of the establishing of the second cotton-seed-oil mill in the city of Memphis, and at the time of his death was super-
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