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Gc 979.1 F22h v. 5 1714348
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
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n
Stean's Pass by Moonlight in 1868.
HISTORY
OF
ARIZONA
BY
THOMAS EDWIN FARISH, ARIZONA HISTORIAN
VOLUME V
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
1918
COPYRIGHTED 1918, BY THOS. EDWIN FARISH, ARIZONA HISTORIAN
THE FILMER BROTHERS ELECTROTYPE COMPANY TYPOGRAPHERS AND STEREOTYPERS SAN FRANCISCO
1714348
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
STEAN'S PASS BY MOONLIGHT . Frontispiece
JOHN A. RUSH
Facing Page
31
PHILIP DRACHMAN Facing Page 32
APACHE PASS FROM FORT BOWIE. Facing Page 102
FIRST GRANITE GORGE, GRAND CANYON Facing Page 122 JAMES WHITE. Facing Page 144
MAJ. J. W. POWELL Facing Page 169
CHAS. A. SHIBELL . Facing Page 318
(iii)
CONTENTS.
VOLUME V.
CHAPTER I.
THE FOURTH LEGISLATURE. PAGE
Members of-Message of Governor McCormick-Report of Territorial Auditor-Memorials to Congress-Laws Passed by Legislature-Capital Located at Tucson-McCormick Elected Delegate to Congress-Boards of Supervisors Au- thorized to Create School District-Edward J. Cook, Biog- raphy-John A. Rush, Biography-Philip Drachman, Biog- raphy
1
CHAPTER II. THE FIFTH LEGISLATURE.
Convening of - Governor's Message - Memorials - Resolutions --- Death of Henry Jenkins-Murder of A. M. Erwin by In- dians-Treasurer's Estimate of Expenses-Contention Be- tween Arizona and California as to Boundary Line-Appoint- ments by Governor-Report of Territorial Auditor-Report of Territorial Treasurer-Indebtedness of Territory ..... 33
CHAPTER III. THE FIFTH LEGISLATURE (Continued).
Acts Passed by-Dancing Licensed-Act to Establish Public Schools-Text of-Act Locating Territorial Prison at or Near Phoenix
63
CHAPTER IV. WHAT CONGRESS DID FOR ARIZONA.
Collection District Proposed-Improvements on Colorado River Indian Reservation-Speech of Delegate Bashford Upon- Debate Upon-Amendment to Postal Bill-Delegate Bash- ford's Speech Upon-Acts of Third, Fourth and Fifth Legislatures Legalized-Sixth Legislature Held at Tucson
(v)
88
vi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER V. EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS.
PAGE Kansas Pacific Railway's Expedition for Southern Railway to Pacific Coast-Story of by William A. Bell-Fort Bowie- Murders by and Adventures with the Indians. . .. 100
CHAPTER VI. EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS (Continued).
Passage Through Grand Canyon of James White, Prospector- Personnel of Prospecting Party-Attacked by Indians- Part of Party Killed-Making of Raft by White and One Companion-Voyage Through Canyon-White's Companion Drowned-White Continues Alone-Experience With In- dians-Arrival at Callville 122
CHAPTER VII. EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS (Continued).
Story of White's Trip Made Official U. S. Senate Document- Article by Thomas F. Dawson-Statement in Rocky Mountain Herald-White's Own Statement-Corroborative Evidence-White's After Life 144
CHAPTER VIII. EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS (Continued).
Major Powell's First Exploration of the Grand Canyon- Cataract Canyon-Description of Walls of Canyon-Three of Party Leave and Go Overland-End of First Explora- tion-Mormons-Approximate Distance by River-Major Powell's Second Exploration of the Grand Canyon-White's Story Branded Fabrication by Dellenbaugh. 169
CHAPTER IX. THE MILITARY.
General Mason's Report-Different Indian Tribes-Forts in Arizona-General MeDowell's Report-Praise for Arizona Volunteers-Expeditions Against Indians-Conditions in Arizona by Major-General Halleck 183
CHAPTER X. THE MILITARY (Continued).
Report of Colonel Jones, Inspector-Remoteness of Arizona Bar to Frequent Inspections-Recommends Separate Mili- tary District for Arizona and Concentration of Troops- Also Recommends More and Better Buildings-General McDowell's Remarks on Colonel Jones' Report-Statement of Conditions
206
vii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XI.
THE MILITARY (Continued). PAGE
General Orders as to Location of Troops in Arizona-Remarks of General McDowell-Easy Times for Government Con- tractors-General Gregg Orders That All Indians Off Reservations be Treated as Hostiles-Interference With Order by Indian Agent Dent-General Gregg's Order Countermanded by General McDowell-General McDowell Criticised by Governor McCormick-General MeDowell's Second Annual Report - Reports Expeditions Against the Indians
236
CHAPTER XII. THE MILITARY (Continued).
Major-General Halleck's Report for 1867-68-Describes Con- ditions in Arizona-Urges That More Troops be Sent to Arizona-Expeditions Against Hostile Indians-Frequent Desertions of Soldiers-Report of Brigadier-General Thomas E. Devin of Expedition Against the Hostiles .... 261
CHAPTER XIII. INDIAN TROUBLES.
Attack on T. Lambertson-Killing of Henry Twaddle-Kill- ing of Gonzales-Attack on LeRoy Jay and William Tre- han-Fight With Frenchmen on Hassayampa-Attacks in and Around Wickenburg-Jackass Smith-Expedition of Lieut. Cradlebaugh Against Indians-Jackson McCracken's Plight-Killing of George Bowers-Experience of "Jeff" Davis-Orick Jackson Describes Conditions-Thomas Thomp- son Hunter's Description of Conditions-Hostilities at Fort Bowie-Killing of Commander of Post-Murder of Col. Stone and Escort-Duel Between Keeper of Station and One of Cochise's Band-Murder of Mail Carrier Fisher-Attack on W. A. Smith and Companions-Depredations Around Tucson-Camp Grant Massacre-Mrs. Stephen's Fight With Indians-"Miner" Editorial on Situation-W. M. Saxton Killed
CHAPTER XIV. INDIAN TROUBLES (Continued).
Indian Question not Solved-General Mason Succeeded by Colonel Wallen and Colonel Lovell-General Gregg and General Crittenden Succeed Colonels Wallen and Lovell- Arizona Declared Military District by General Halleck- General McDowell Makes Visit to Arizona-Raids and Massacres Continue-Expedition by General Gregg-At-
279
viii
CONTENTS.
PAGE
tack on Miller's Ranch-Bravery of Mrs. Miller-A. M. Erwin, Member of Legislature, Killed by Indians-General Ord Succeeds General McDowell-Charles Spencer and Party Attacked by Indians-Expedition by General Alex- ander-La Paz Threatened by Indians-Attack Upon Joseph Melvin and J. P. Gibson-Josiah Whitcomb and Party Attacked by Indians-George D. Bowers and Party Attacked, Bowers Killed-Begole and Thompson Attacked, Thompson Killed-Fight at Burnt Ranch-Jake Miller Kills Indian Chief and Saves Ranch and Stock- E. A. Bentley, Editor and Proprietor of "Miner" Killed by Indians-Murders and Raids in Southern Part of Arizona Detailed by Charles A. Shibell-Sol Barth's Experience With Cochise 297
CHAPTER XV. PROGRESS OF THE TERRITORY.
Building Boom in Tucson-Leading Merchants-Indian Raids- A. J. Doran's Experience With Pah-Utes-Loyalty of In- dians-Biography of J. W. Sullivan-His Early Experiences in the Territory-Biography of John H. Marion 327
HISTORY OF ARIZONA. VOLUME V.
HISTORY OF ARIZONA.
CHAPTER I. THE FOURTH LEGISLATURE.
MEMBERS OF-MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR MCCORMICK -REPORT OF TERRITORIAL AUDITOR-MEMO- RIALS TO CONGRESS-LAWS PASSED BY LEGIS- LATURE-CAPITAL LOCATED AT TUCSON-Mc- CORMICK ELECTED DELEGATE TO CONGRESS- BOARDS OF SUPERVISORS AUTHORIZED TO CRE- ATE SCHOOL DISTRICT - EDWARD J. COOK, BIOGRAPHY-JOHN A. RUSH, BIOGRAPHY- PHILIP DRACHMAN, BIOGRAPHY.
The Fourth Territorial Legislative Assembly convened at Prescott on the 4th day of Septem- ber, and ended on the 7th day of October, 1867. The following were the members of the Council and the House of Representatives :
COUNCIL.
Name,
Residence. Occupation. Age. Where Born.
(Yavapai County) John W. Simmons, Daniel S. Lount, Lewis A. Stevens,
Prescott,
Agua Caliente, Prescott,
Farmer, 56 Tennessee.
Miner, 47 Canada West.
Farmer, 52 Mississippi.
(Mohave County) William H. Hardy,
Hardyville,
Merchant, 45 New York.
(Pah-Ute County ) Octavius D. Gass, Callville,
Ranchero,.
39 Ohio.
(Yuma County)
Alexander McKey, La Paz,
Miner, 40 Kentucky.
(Pima County)
Merchant, 55 Massachusetts.
Daniel H. Stickney, Tucson,
Lawyer, 31 New York.
Mortimer R. Platt, Tucson,
Henry Jenkins, V-1 (1)
Tubac,
Lawyer,
55 New York.
2
HISTORY OF ARIZONA.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Name.
Residence. Occupation. Age. Where Born.
(Yavapai County)
James S. Giles,
Prescott,
Farmer,
31 Delaware.
John A. Rush,
Prescott,
Lawyer, 48 Missouri.
John H. Matthews,
Kirkland Valley,
Farmer, 47 Alabama.
Edward J. Cook,
Prescott,
Merchant, 42 Alabama.
Andrew Cullumber,
Walnut Grove,
Farmer, 52 Ohio.
John T. Dare,
Prescott,
Printer, 26 New York.
(Mohave County)
Nathaniel S. Lewis,
Hardyville,
Miner, 37 Indiana.
(Pah-Ute County) Royal J. Cutler,
St. Joseph,
Farmer, 39 New York.
(Yuma County)
Oliver Lindsey,
La Paz,
Farmer, 32 New York.
G. W. Hanford, John Henion,
Williams Fork,
Miner,
(Pima County)
Charles W. Lewis,
Tubac,
Farmer, 40 Virginia.
John B. Allen,
Tucson,
Merchant, 49 Maine.
Marvin M. Richardson, Tubac,
Merchant, 41 New York.
Underwood C. Barnett, Tucson,
Farmer, 35 Arkansas.
Francis M. Hodges,
Tucson,
Merchant, 29 Missouri.
Solomon W. Chambers, Calabazas,
Farmer,
45 Ohio.
Philip Drachman, Tucson,
Merchant, 37 Poland.
All the members of the Council attended, but G. W. Hanford and John Henion, elected from Yuma County as Representatives, failed to put in an appearance.
The Legislature organized by the election of Octavius D. Gass, of Pah-Ute County, as Presi- dent, and Almon Gage, as Secretary of the Coun- cil, and Oliver Lindsey, of Yuma County, as Speaker, and Follett G. Christie as Chief Clerk of the House.
In his message to the Legislature Governor McCormick called attention to the fact that the Wallapais, the Pah-Utes, and a portion of the Yavapais were on the warpath, and that it was necessary that additional forces should be sent to the Territory. He also urged a separate mili-
Eureka,
Miner, New York.
3
THE FOURTH LEGISLATURE.
tary department for the Territory. In this con- nection he said :
"The system of small, temporary posts, by which at least one-half the troops in the Terri- tory are now rendered unavailable, will doubt- less be set aside; a few forts will be established at points chosen by those familiar with the dis- tricts, from actual observation, from which troops can be hurled in force against any part of the Indian country and kept there until the end sought is fully attained ; co-operative move- ments will be made from various parts of the Territory ; raiding parties will be promptly fol- lowed to their retreats however remote, and the service instead of being so generally irksome and profitless as to provoke even good soldiers to desertion, will have the fascination which always attends formidable and successful mili- tary movements.
"It has lately been alleged abroad that Ari- zona is a vortex into which the greater portion of the available military material upon the Pacific Coast disappears. Taking into consid- eration the vast extent of the country, and the agility of the hostile Indians, the number of troops now here is comparatively small, amount- ing in the district of Prescott, to less than one man to one hundred square miles. If the Terri- tory is in any sense a vortex it has been made so through the unfortunate system to which I have referred, and against a continuation of which economy and reason most earnestly protest. Yet with the greatly increased efficiency of the troops already here, which must come should the Territory be made a distinct Department, some
4
HISTORY OF ARIZONA.
addition to the force will be required in order to secure the early attainment of peace, and, in accordance with the popular wish, I have lately made a vigorous appeal to the Department com- mander for more regulars, and also renewed my application to the War Department (based upon the memorial of the Second Assembly), for authority to raise a regiment of Territorial volunteers to serve for the term of two years.
"An Act of Congress adopted at the late spe- cial session (in July) provides a commission to select permanent reservations for all the Indian tribes now occupying the Territories east of the Rocky Mountains, and if said Indians fail to remove to the reservations the Secretary of War is authorized to accept the services of mounted volunteers from the Governors of the several States and Territories, not exceeding four thou- sand men in number; and for such term of ser- vice as in his judgment may be necessary for the suppression of Indian hostilities.
"I do not understand that this law is appli- cable to Arizona, although our necessity is, and I venture to say will be much greater than that of any of the Territories east of the Rocky Mountains; and I think it will not be difficult under a proper representation of facts by you (through our Delegate in Congress) to have its provisions for our benefit. I will not here en- ter into an argument to establish the advantage of securing a native regiment, but be content with the assertion that while highly appreciating the efficiency of the regulars in the battles named, and giving them all deserved credit, I am still of the opinion that no troops can begin
5
THE FOURTH LEGISLATURE.
to cope with the Apaches and other hostile Indians of this Territory in their mountain fast- nesses so successfully and at so little cost as the volunteers.
"That the General Government will listen to our reasonable and necessary appeal for a sepa- rate Department, and for more troops, I most sincerely hope; for with affairs as they now exist here and have existed since the Territory came under the American flag, 'patience has ceased to be a virtue.' It will be alike unjust to the people who have come here expecting protec- tion, to the thousands eager to settle here, to the officers sent here to establish civil law and order, and highly discreditable to a government more able than ever before to give security for life and property to all its citizens, if relief is not speedily granted.
"While the war in the East continued it was not to be expected that much attention would be given to the frontier, but now there would seem to be no excuse for neglect to overcome the one great barrier to our prosperity, unless, as it is sometimes asserted, the Government does not deem the country worthy of occupation and de- velopment. Those who are familiar with its rare mineral resources, its rich fertile valleys, its unrivalled pastoral lands, its equable and salutary climate, its genial skies, and all its capabilities and possibilities, taken as a whole (notwithstanding its large extent of desert and mountain), consider the assertion absurd. Ari- zona will compare favorably in all respects with any of the mineral-bearing Territories of the Union, while in climate it possesses a decided
6
HISTORY OF ARIZONA.
advantage over all. To those who have here found homes and health, who are endeared to the country by years of sacrifice and by friend- ships here formed, whose beloved dead here 'sleep the sleep that knows no waking,' the hostility of a few thousands of abject wild men, but a single remove from the brute creation, who should not be allowed to stay the march of civil- ization for a day, and who if properly dealt with would melt before the strong arm of the Govern- ment like snow beneath the noonday sun, is alike repulsive and intolerable.
"Whatever the conclusions of Congressional committees, or of special commissioners, after hurried and superficial visits to the plains, or the theories of well meaning philanthropists, to those who have lived among the Indians, who have dealt with them, who know their innate treachery, who are familiar with their barbarous deeds, who comprehend their low nature and in- stincts, it is folly to talk of expecting good re- sults from a persuasive policy. The Indian of to-day, whatever he may have been in the past, is not to be bound by treaties, annuities, or by favor of any kind unless first made clearly to understand that the white man is his master, and intends to be such for all time. For this reason it is idle, as I have already asserted, 'to talk to the Apache (or to any hostile Indian), of reservations, while he feels any security for life or property outside of them.' Yet at the same time, so far from urging extermination which is supposed by many to be the war cry of all Arizonians, I have favored reservations, pro- vided the Indians placed upon them can and will
7
THE FOURTH LEGISLATURE.
be kept there. To allow them to go and come at will is to subsist and equip them for robbery and murder. This has been clearly and sadly dem- onstrated. A system of reservations is needed here quite as much as in the Eastern territories. 'One Indian,' as a competent writer upon Indian affairs asserts, 'requires for his maintenance, by his methods of living, as much territory as will support a thousand men who live by civilized methods, and when by the natural flow of popu- lation, the thousand civilized men require for their homes the place roamed over by one Indian, it is justice to all men that he should give way.'
"He must do so, and his only security is upon a reservation, where, as his highest motive is to get something to eat without labor, he will be well accommodated, and in time may be taught habits of industry, although the task will be a difficult one. Excepting those long since pro- vided in this Territory for such really friendly tribes as the Pimas and Maricopas, there is but one reservation, that at Half Way Bend upon the Colorado River above the town of La Paz, for the proper preparation of which, for the re- ception of such of the river and other Indians disposed to peace as now have no fixed homes, an appropriation of fifty thousand dollars has been made by Congress and is now being ex- pended by the Indian Superintendent, who also has an appropriation this year of seventy thou- sand dollars for the general care of the friendly Indians throughout the Territory. While the reservation upon the Colorado will probably be sufficient for the river Indians and those who
8
HISTORY OF ARIZONA.
may be forced upon it from the country between the Colorado and the Verde, there should in my judgment, be an extensive reservation provided somewhere in the eastern portion of the Terri- tory, perhaps upon the upper Gila, for such of the Apaches as may sue for peace. At each res- ervation there should be a sufficient strength of troops to make escape on the part of the Indians an utter impossibility, and trade and inter- course by the whites, if allowed at all, should be guarded by regulations calculated to prevent fraud and demoralization."
In regard to mines and mining, Governor Mc- Cormick said :
"The appearance of sulphurets in many of the lodes opened in Central Arizona necessitates the provision of new machinery for the reduction and separation of the ores, and until this can be supplied most of our quartz mills will be idle. Parties who have made tests of the sulphurates, upon a small scale, pronounce them exceedingly rich and have no doubt they can be worked in large quantities to great advantage." He also said :
"Operations upon the copper mines at Will- iams' Fork, which have been generally sus- pended during the summer owing to the remark- ably low price of copper and for other reasons, will, I am informed, be renewed upon a large scale during the present fall and ensuing winter.
"In Southern Arizona the Indian disturb- ances and other causes, as here, have to a great degree interrupted operations in the mines, but their owners have not lost confidence in their
9
THE FOURTH LEGISLATURE.
wealth, and are eager to proceed in their de- velopment at the earliest practicable moment.
"The proposed opening of the port of Lib- ertad, in Sonora, will, it is believed, render the shipping of copper ore from Southern Arizona a profitable enterprise, and otherwise prove a source of great advantage to the people of that part of the Territory who cherish a lively hope that the government, having extended its lines upon the north, will take measures to acquire a portion of Sonora, at least sufficient to bring the ports of Libertad and Guaymas under the American flag; an acquisition of territory likely to prove far more profitable to the Union than that recently secured, and absolutely essential to the proper development of a large and impor- tant part of Arizona."
The Governor made the following reference to agriculture in the Territory :
"In the face of all the annoyances from the Indians experienced during the present season by our ranchmen, they have, with few excep- tions, the promise of large and excellent crops. It is found that the land improves by cultiva- tion, and that the soil in most of the valleys is of the richest character. Indian corn grows luxuriantly, and it is estimated that more will be produced in this military district this year than will be required for the use of the troops and the citizens. Contracts to supply the Gov- ernment have lately been let at prices less than those paid but a year since for the transporta- tion of grain from California.
"The fine farming valleys below the Gila are more productive than ever before, and it is
10
HISTORY OF ARIZONA.
clearly shown that not only corn and small grain, but fruits and vegetables of all kinds, will thrive in many parts of the Territory-while in sev- eral localities, cotton and tobacco have been raised with much success. Although discon- nected and generally in small parcels, the agri- cultural lands of the Territory, in the aggregate, amount to a large area, unusually large and fertile for what is commonly called a desert country.
"Their general cultivation, and the use of the extensive grazing lands, (abounding in grasses, nutritious at all seasons, ) which is only delayed by the insecurity of life and property, must, whenever practicable, so reduce the cost of living here as to make the Territory one of the most attractive upon the Pacific slope, and greatly facilitate all business pursuits.
"It has been well said, 'He who cultivates the land the best is likely to defend it the best,' and I look upon the care and enthusiasm with which our farmers follow their honorable and useful calling, (one of vital importance in connection with mining,) in constant risk and exposure, as the most hopeful feature in the present state of the Territory."
The Governor stated that there had been a very marked and gratifying improvement in the mail service in the Territory since the adjourn- ment of the last Legislature; that service be- tween San Bernardino and Prescott, and be- tween Salt Lake and Callville and Arizona City had been increased to a semi-weekly service; that the Overland, from the Rio Grande to the Pacific, via Tucson, had been re-established, and
11
THE FOURTH LEGISLATURE.
weekly service given, which was to be increased to three services a week in coaches, which, as the Governor said, "will afford the people of South- ern Arizona a great accommodation, and prove advantageous to the whole Territory." He recommended also an increase in the mail ser- vice to other points.
In reference to the public schools, he said :
"In the opinion of many of the people the time has come for some definite and liberal pro- vision for the establishment and maintenance of public schools in the Territory. In the larger settlements there are numerous children, and the thought of permitting them to grow up in ignorance is not to be tolerated, while to sus- tain private schools is an expense which in most cases the parents cannot afford. Section 11, Chapter XXIII, of the Code of the Territory provides as follows :
" 'Sec. 11. As soon as there shall have ac- cumulated sufficient funds, and a necessity exists therefor, the Legislature shall provide for a system of common school education, at the public expense, and may at any time authorize a tax to be levied by school districts for the sup- port of schools, until such system of common school education shall be established.'
"The First Assembly, by Act approved November 7th, 1864, appropriated a small sum for public schools in the towns of Prescott, Tuc- son, La Paz, and Mohave City, to be void and of no effect unless said towns, by taxation, appropriation or individual enterprise, in each case furnished a like sum of money.
12
HISTORY OF ARIZONA.
"If I am correctly informed none of the towns have complied with this requirement, and the funds of the Territory have not been used. The sums, however, are insufficient to be of more than temporary benefit and sufficient funds have not yet accumulated, as required by the section of the Code referred to, to sup- port a system of common school education, yet I think the popular sentiment will heartily sus- tain you in providing such a system and in authorizing the counties to levy a reasonable special tax for its support, according to the judgment of their Supervisors."
Speaking of the courts, the Governor said:
"Civil law and order reign throughout the Territory to a gratifying degree. The Courts are all well organized, and criminals are promptly arrested and punished, although here, as everywhere upon the frontier there are those who forget that 'liberty consists in the power of doing that which is permitted by the law,' who justify personal redress for wrongs and allow sympathy rather than evidence to control their judgment. This class is not large, however, and will diminish with every year as our popu- lation increases, and the importance of main- taining the dignity of the law under all circum- stances is better understood.
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