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FRANK C. MERRITT
HISTORY
of
Alameda County CALIFORNIA
BY FRANK CLINTON MERRITT
EUREKA.
VOLUME I Illustrated
CHICAGO, ILL. THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1928
To Those Sturdy Pioneers of '49 and Later Days; To Those Who Since That Time Have Contributed to the Building of a Great County and Cities; To Those Who Have Made Our Local History One of Splendid Achievement; and to Those Who Are Now Contributing to That History; And to the Memory of All Such This Work is Most Sincerely Dedicated. X 979.465 M 553- 285568
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INTRODUCTION
Voltaire once said that "history is little else than a picture of human crimes and misfortunes." If Voltaire's statement is true then the base, niggardly and sordid mind has much material to read in these times, for many works are published annually which are termed his- torical. Whether or not he wrote that as his sincere personal belief I do not know. However, I cannot accept that statement as a true definition of history. Events of the centuries do not prove, to my mind, that there has been more of crime and more misfortune than there has been acts of greatness, of noble deeds, and of worthy purposes and accomplishments. The individual actuated by crime, or the nation given over to lawlessness, cannot long survive. Neither offers the inspiration to secure a permanent place in history.
I cannot think that the chronicle of our national existence is "little else than a picture of human crimes and misfortunes." I know it is not so. The nations which have in turn earned the greatest notice from historians, which have stood on top of the mountains of achievements and looked down upon the other peoples of the globe, have been the ones which earned their enviable place through noble deeds and glorious accomplishments. Their affluence was not due to crimes and misfortunes. This was true when world power flitted about in Asia centuries ago, before there was a Western civilization. It was equally true when Africa swayed the known world. No less true was it during Rome's world-reign. There was little history to be written during the ten centuries when there was no outstanding nation. When world power was re-born in Europe it was because human greatness and goodness again appeared, and history could again be written. And now as world power comes to our own great nation it does so because of a glorious history, a history in which human initiative, ingenuity and greatness, tempered with justness, has been mingled with all the better actions of human endeavor and life. Destiny does not hold out greatness to any nation or people whose history is replete with nothing but crimes and misfortunes.
V
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INTRODUCTION
If Voltaire was right, then the history of California and of Alameda County can be briefly related. If he was right, then much of what we have had written about us is anything but history. If he was right, then I have failed to write a history of the county which we love so dearly ; and I do not know what you may call it. If you believe history to be what his statement terms it, you will not desire to read further. You can here close the book, and seek your history in more sordid publications.
I like to think that the city, county, state or nation which has the most interesting history is the one which has an outstanding record for human achievement-a political unit which has taken a lead in culture, education, the arts, inventions, industrial growth, justice, and all that goes to make up the best things in human thought and action. This chronicle, therefore, will not be one to fulfill the definition quoted; but on the other hand will record the events of a county and its cities which have done their part in furnishing a generous quota to make our national history as we now find it. Crimes and misfortunes will creep into any accurate history, but they are mere incidents. They do not form the greater portion of the story.
Far-sighted and unselfish men and women have lived in Alameda County, and have devoted their intelligent energies and abilities to aid our marvelous progress. Their acts, lives and achievements are history to me. Many have been born here, many have come to share our en- viable advantages, who have "gone up stream" to fame and fortune; and I believe that the things which they have done should receive recog- nition. There are many now with us who have won high places in the history of our county, state and nation. I believe that these men and women, and the events which they have brought about or helped create or complete are entitled to the recognition given herein that posterity shall not forget. And if this be not history, then I ask indulgent readers to apply the most favorable term which may come to mind.
Memories are faulty and liable to err and forget. We may readily recall recent events with something bordering upon accuracy and com- pleteness; but with the lapse of a few years important happenings and prominent personages become blurred, and, perhaps, even forgotten in the busy events of life. We owe a duty to those who have built great cities and a great county to preserve a record of what they have done. There is the same duty to observe in respect to those who are now doing those things which are resulting in local advancement. There would be little incentive to serve one's country and fellow man, and
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INTRODUCTION
little reward, perhaps, if there were not occasionally someone to take upon himself the task of trying to preserve the record. I do not believe that there is anyone selfish enough to deny the tribute earned and due those who have made our local history.
There have been four admirable histories of the county published. The first one was by William Halley in 1876. The next one was in 1883, by M. W. Wood. The third one was in 1907, "Oakland and Environs," by J. M. Guinn. In 1914 Joseph E. Baker published his history of the county. Each covered the flow of events up to the time of publication; and my chief aim has been to avoid repeating much of the details of earlier events contained and mentioned in those books, but to confine my efforts to a more thorough consideration of the period since 1914. It has been a considerable task to seek out, sift, and com- plete the material found; but it has been a pleasant one because I have lived here and watched our growth and advancement, and have come in contact with, or know of, the many unselfish and progressive persons who have helped make, and who are now making, our history what it is. Many historical events are contained in the reference and biographical volume which should not be overlooked, some perhaps placed there in preference to being inserted in the first volume. I sincerely hope that the aim to preserve these happenings is a just in- centive for the publication of this work.
Oakland, California, June, 1928
FRANK CLINTON MERRITT.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
DOWN TO STATEHOOD
RESUME OF EARLY EXPLORATIONS-SAN JOSE MISSION ESTABLISHED- RUSSIANS SETTLE IN CALIFORNIA-AN AMERICAN CAPTURES MON- TEREY - THE DAYS OF FREMONT AND THE "BEAR FLAG" - PICO'S ADDRESS-GENERAL VALLEJO'S IDEAS-SONOMA CAPTURED ---- IDE'S PROCLAMATION-SLOAT'S PROCLAMATION-CALIFORNIA BECOMES A STATE- SPANISH, MEXICAN, MILITARY AND EARLY STATE 21 GOVERNORS
CHAPTER II EARLY LAND GRANTS AND PIONEER SETTLERS
A WONDERFUL TRANSFORMATION-EARLY EXPLORERS AND SETTLERS- FIRST AMERICAN EMIGRANTS-SPANISH AND MEXICAN LAND GRANTS -SUMMARY OF LAND CLAIMS AND GRANTS-AN EARLY PETITION- ROBERT LIVERMORE FIRST ANGLO-SAXON-OTHER EARLY ARRIVALS- IN EDEN TOWNSHIP-WILLIAM HAYWARD ARRIVES IN 1851-EARLY LODGES AND CHURCHES OF EDEN TOWNSHIP-MURRAY TOWNSHIP SETTLEMENTS-LIVERMORE THE SECOND SETTLER-PLEASANTON- EARLY SETTLEMENTS OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP 62
CHAPTER III
PIONEER DAYS OF OAKLAND, BERKELEY, ALAMEDA
PERALTA GRANTED A PRINCELY ESTATE-AMERICAN VISITORS AND EARLY SETTLERS-OAKLAND FOUNDED-CARPENTIER SECURES THE WATER-FRONT-THE FIRST SCHOOL-IN THE DAYS BEFORE THE FER- RIES-OAKLAND BECOMES A CITY-THE FIRST NEWSPAPER-EARLY RAILROAD HISTORY-EARLY PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS-CITY HALL BUILT-FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOLS-SOCIETIES, LODGES AND CHURCHES
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CONTENTS
-EARLY MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS-PIONEER BUSINESS CONCERNS -EARLY HISTORY OF THE OAKLAND LIBRARY-CITY OFFICIALS TO 1884-CLINTON AND SAN ANTONIO, THEN BROOKLYN, THEN EAST OAKLAND-LOCATION OF MILLS COLLEGE-EARLY DAYS OF BERK- ELEY-THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF, DUMB AND BLIND-PIONEER CHURCHES AND LODGES OF BERKELEY-ALAMEDA, CITY AND TOWNSHIP - ALAMEDA INCORPORATED - PIONEER 95 CHURCHIES, LODGES AND BUSINESS FIRMS.
CHAPTER IV THE COUNTY'S EARLY HISTORY
THE ACT CREATING ALAMEDA COUNTY - THE FIRST ELECTION - PIO- NEERS OF THE TIME-COURT OF SESSIONS MEETS-ALVARADO LOSES COUNTY SEAT- THE FIRST COUNTY SUPERVISORS-FINED FOR BULL- FIGHTING-THE LARGEST TAXPAYERS OF 1859-THE CIVIL WAR PE- RIOD-THE CENTRAL PACIFIC ENTERS OAKLAND-OAKLAND SE- CURES THE COUNTY SEAT-FIRST LOCAL OPTION FIGHT-EARLY BOARDS OF SUPERVISORS-EARLY-DAY LEGISLATORS-OTHER COUNTY OFFICERS OF PIONEER DAYS-NOTARIES PUBLIC OF PIONEER DAYS- POSTMASTERS OF COUNTY, 1870 AND 1875 163
CHAPTER V AN OLD COUNTY BUSINESS DIRECTORY
LARGE LAND OWNERS OF 1876-BUSINESS DIRECTORY OF OAKLAND TOWNSHIP-OF ALAMEDA TOWNSHIP-OF EDEN TOWNSHIP-OF BROOKLYN TOWNSHIP-OF MURRAY TOWNSHIP-OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP 188
CHAPTER VI THE CITY CHARTER OF 1888
FIFTEEN FREEHOLDERS CHOSEN - WILLIAM CHAUNCEY BARTLETT JAMES A. FOLGER-VOLNEY DELOS MOODY-JOHN R. GLASCOCK- HOWELL A. POWELL-E. J. PRINGLE-WARREN OLNEY-CHARLES D. PIERCE-CITY BOUNDARIES OF 1891-DIVISION INTO WARDS-OFFI- CERS AND ELECTIONS 203
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER VII OAKLAND IN THE NINETIES
WONDERFUL CHANGES IN THIRTY-FIVE YEARS-CITY SCHOOLS OF 1895-THE UNIVERSITY AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS- LAND VALUES-PUBLIC PARKS, LAKE MERRITT-HARBOR IMPROVE- MENTS-THE WATER SUPPLY OF 1895-THE LIGHTING SYSTEM- RAILROADS AND STREET CAR SYSTEMS-THE BANKS OF 1895- NEWSPAPERS OF THE DAY-THE LIBRARY AND READING ROOMS- MANUFACTURING-CHURCHES, SOCIETIES AND CLUBS-PASTORS OF THE EARLY NINETIES. .215
CHAPTER VIII THE BUSINESS SECTION IN 1896
THE MACDONOUGH THEATRE-BROADWAY, WEST SIDE, FROM THIR- TEENTH TO FOURTEENTH-BROADWAY, EAST SIDE, FROM TWELFTH TO THIRTEENTH-WEST SIDE OF BROADWAY, TWELFTH TO THIR- TEENTH-EAST SIDE OF BROADWAY, ELEVENTH TO TWELFTH-THE BROADWAY BLOCK-THE EVERTS AND BENITZ BLOCKS-ACROSS FROM THE EVERTS AND BENITZ BUILDINGS-EAST SIDE OF BROADWAY, NINTH TO TENTH STREETS-ACROSS THE STREET-THE BLAKE AND MOFFIT BLOCK-ON THE WEST SIDE- EAST SIDE OF BROADWAY, SEVENTH TO EIGHTH-ON THE WEST SIDE-WASHINGTON STREET- WASHINGTON STREET, BETWEEN EIGHTH AND NINTH-FROM NINTH TO TENTH-WASHINGTON STREET, TENTH TO ELEVENTH- BETWEEN ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH STREETS-WASHINGTON STREET, THIRTEENTH TO FOURTEENTH-THE CENTRAL BANK BUILDING-CROSS STREETS BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND BROAD- WAY-THE PLAYTER BLOCK-SAN PABLO AVENUE 237
CHAPTER IX OAKLAND FROM 1905 TO 1915
TEN YEARS UNDER MAYOR MOTT-SUMMARY OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS - RECOVERY OF THE WATER-FRONT-HARBOR DEVELOPMENTS-BUILD- ING OPERATIONS OF TEN YEARS - NEW CITY CHARTER ADOPTED - STREET AND SEWER IMPROVEMENTS - PARKS AND BOULEVARDS -
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CONTENTS
PLAYGROUNDS-GROWTH OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS-PUBLIC MUSEUM ESTABLISHED-CIVIL SERVICE REORGANIZATION-OTHER CITY DE- PARTMENTS 261
CHAPTER X THE OAKLAND POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS
EARLY DAYS - THE DEPARTMENT UNDER MAYOR SPAULDING, 1872 -
THE JULY RIOTS- DEATH OF CAPTAIN RAND, 1877-THE DEPART- MENT IN THE LATE '70S-THE DEPARTMENT IN 1880-THE PER- SONNEL IN 1886-THE NEW CHARTER OF 1889-THE POLICE FORCE IN 1890-"POLITICS" AND THE FORCE-THE POLICE DEPARTMENT FROM 1905 TO 1915-ROSTER OF THE DEPARTMENT, MAY 1, 1916- THE DEPARTMENT IN 1928. 279
EARLY HISTORY-ORGANIZATION OF A PERMANENT DEPARTMENT, 1869 -THE DEPARTMENT IN 1872-DESTRUCTIVE FIRES OF EARLY DAYS -THE DEPARTMENT IN 1879-FIRE LIMITS OF 1890-THE DEPART- MENT. 1905-1915-FURTHER GROWTH. 1915-1928 301
CHAPTER XI COUNTY ELECTIONS SINCE 1914
THE 1914 PRIMARY ELECTION-THE GENERAL ELECTION OF 1914 THE 1916 ELECTIONS-THE 1918 PRIMARY ELECTION-RESULTS OF THE GENERAL ELECTION-THE 1920 PRIMARY ELECTION-THE GENERAL ELECTION OF 1920-VOTERS REJECT CITY-COUNTY PROPOSALS-THE 1922 PRIMARY CONTEST-THE GENERAL ELECTION OF 1922-COURT- HOUSE BONDS DEFEATED-THE ELECTIONS OF 1924 PRIMARY ELEC- TION RESULTS OF 1926-THE REPUBLICAN COUNTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE-RESULTS OF THE 1926 GENERAL ELECTION. 318
CHAPTER XII THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AN OBSCURE BEGINNING-THE COLLEGE OF CALIFORNIA INCORPOR- ATED-UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CREATED-BERKELEY BUT A SCATTERED SETTLEMENT-EARLY REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY- UNIVERSITY EXPANDED UNDER PRESIDENT GILMAN-WILLIAM T.
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CONTENTS
REID BECOMES PRESIDENT-THE PHOEBE A. HEARST SCHOLAR- SHIPS-FIRST HIGH SCHOOLS ACCREDITED-DONATION OF NEW DORMITORY FOR WOMEN-FIFTY-NINTH BIRTHDAY-DEATH OF PRESIDENT WHEELER-A. P. GIANNINI MAKES LARGE GIFT. 336
CHAPTER XIII ALAMEDA COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
PREPAREDNESS-DRIVES FOR FUNDS-HOSPITALITY FOR SOLDIERS AND SAILORS-PATRIOTIC RALLIES-WORK OF WOMEN-THE AMERICAN RED CROSS-FOOD CONSERVATION-WAR WORK AND ALLIED ORGAN- IZATIONS-SHIPBUILDING~OTHER INDUSTRIES-TRANSPORTATION -THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-WELCOME TO THE PACIFIC FLEET-VISIT OF PRESIDENT WILSON. 359
CHAPTER XIV ALAMEDA COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR WITH THE COLORS
MILITARY PARTICIPATION-MOBILIZATION OF THE NATIONAL GUARD- THE 159TH : FROM CAMP KEARNEY TO FRANCE-AFTER THE ARMI- STICE-OAKLAND WELCOMES THE 159TH-"CALIFORNIA 363RD"- ALAMEDA COUNTY BOYS IN THE 91ST DIVISION-THE 143RD FIELD ARTILLERY, U. S. A .- WELCOME OF THE 143RD FIELD ARTILLERY- THE "CALIFORNIA GRIZZLIES" OR THE 144TH U. S. FIELD ARTILLERY -THE FORTIETH DIVISION-12TH UNITED STATES INFANTRY-THE EIGHTH DIVISION - AMERICAN DECORATIONS FOR VALOR - THE COUNTY'S BRAVE DECORATED-THE COUNTY'S HONOR ROLL-"OUR DEAD" .443
CHAPTER XV METROPOLITAN GROWTH OF 1925
LONG STRIDES MADE TOWARD METROPOLITAN DESTINY-MANY NEW INDUSTRIES COME-SUMMARY OF YEAR'S ACTIVITIES-PRINCIPAL NEWS EVENTS OF THE YEAR-HARBOR ENGINEERS MAKE REPORT- MORE PUBLIC BUILDINGS STARTED AND COMPLETED-FIRST PRES-
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CONTENTS
BYTERIAN CHURCH CELEBRATES ITS 73RD ANNIVERSARY-ROCK- RIDGE CLUBHOUSE DEDICATED-OAKLAND PIONEERS HAS MANY OLD RESIDENTS-MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE ELECTS OFFICERS- PLANS ANNOUNCED FOR SQUARE BUILDING-JULY'S BUILDING PERMITS BREAK RECORD-ALAMEDA BELT LINE CHANGE AUTHORIZED-TAX RATE FIXED-ATHENS ATHLETIC CLUB DEDI- CATED-NEW SCHOOL FOR BERKELEY-HARBOR BONDS CARRY- UNIVERSITY FOOTBALL TEAM FINALLY BEATEN . 502
CHAPTER XVI PIEDMONT
EARLY DAYS-THE PERALTA GRANT- THE COMING OF WALTER BLAIR- A PLEASURE RESORT-THE FIRST SCHOOL-THE FIRST RAILWAY - THE "SILK FARM"-A CITY OF HOMES 529
CHAPTER XVII THE NEW COUNTY CHARTER
COUNTY CHARTER PROPONENTS BECOME ACTIVE-CHARTER ADOPTED AT GENERAL ELECTION-NAME AND RIGHTS OF THE COUNTY-BOARD OF SUPERVISORS-GENERAL POWERS OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS -COUNTY OFFICERS OTHER THAN SUPERVISORS-TOWNSHIP OFFI- CERS-DUTIES OF OFFICERS-ROADS AND HIGHWAYS-CIVIL SERVICE -LABOR-BUDGET-ANNUAL AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS-APPRAISAL OF PROPERTY-MUNICIPAL FUNCTIONS-RECALL-MISCELLANEOUS- CHARTER BECOMES OPERATIVE
537
CHAPTER XVIII THE YEAR 1927
BUILDING OPERATIONS IN THE EAST BAY DURING 1927-NEW LIGHT- ING SYSTEM INSTALLED-SUMMARY OF AIRPORT ACTIVITIES AND OTHER UNDERTAKINGS-PROGRESS ON WATER SUPPLY-NEWS EVENTS OF THE YEAR-POLITICAL CHANGES-THE ANNUAL NEW INDUSTRIES LUNCHEON-AIRPORT COMMITTEE APPOINTED-COM- MUNITY CHEST DRIVE-HOLY REDEEMER COLLEGE DEDICATED-NEW
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CONTENTS
SCHOOL BUILDINGS DEDICATED-CAPWELL COMPANY MERGES WITH EMPORIUM-THE "TRIBUNE" EXTENDS ITS HOLDINGS-AIRPORT ASSURED,' PORT COMMISSION NAMED-THE CARQUINEZ BRIDGE DEDICATED-THE WHITNEY CASE REAPPEARS-COURT CLEARS WAY FOR WAR MEMORIAL-CORNERSTONE OF SCOTTISH RITE TEMPLE LAID-MANY CHANGES IN OAKLAND'S OFFICIAL FAMILY-PIONEERS DIE- TRAFFIC COMMITTEE GIVES RECOMMENDATIONS-ALAMEDA'S NEW HOTEL OPENED-TAX LEVIES FIXED-FOURTEENTH STREET WHARF COMPLETED-WATER BONDS CARRY-AGRICULTURAL SUR-
VEY OF THE YEAR 554
CHAPTER XIX THE FLIGHT OF THE AGE
AIRPORT HAS BROUGHT FAME TO OAKLAND-DOLE ANNOUNCES PRIZES- MAJOR IRVING ENTERS RACE-MARTIN JENSEN AND HIS TROUBLES- THREE ENTRIES CRASH BEFORE RACE-FLYERS SELECT THE OAKLAND FIELD- THE BIG DAY ARRIVES-TWO CRASH ON TAKE OFF-MISS DORAN TRIES AGAIN-GOEBEL ARRIVES FIRST-LONG SEARCH FOR MISSING FLYERS-SOMETHING ABOUT THE FLYERS-THE MAITLAND AND SMITH FLIGHTS. 602
CHAPTER XX INDUSTRIAL GROWTH FOLLOWING THE WAR
INDUSTRIAL AND BUILDING SUMMARY OF THE WAR PERIOD-BANKING RECORD OF 1918-"TRIBUNE" MOVES TO NEW HOME-SIXTY NEW INDUSTRIAL PLANTS IN 1919-FEDERAL CENSUS OF 1920-INDUS- TRIAL GROWTH OF 1920-TWENTY-SEVEN SHIPS LAUNCHED DURING THE YEAR-THE YEAR 1921-BUILDING RECORD OF THE YEAR- MANUFACTURING STATISTICS ANNOUNCED-THE YEAR 1922-THE 1923 BUILDING RECORD-INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CONTINUES DUR- ING 1924 .616
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXI 1928, THE PRESENT YEAR
54,000 SCHOOL CHILDREN-MILLER GIFT TO UNIVERSITY-SWAN AND WHITTHORNE BUY STORE-COLBOURN OUSTER FAILS-ANOTHER ART "WAR"-GROUND BROKEN FOR NEW CAPWELL STORE-FERRY "PERALTA" MEETS WITH STRANGE ACCIDENT-FINAL REUNION AT ST. MARY'S COLLEGE-DISCUSS INTERCOUNTY TUNNELS-LAST PIPE LAID FOR NEW WATER LINE-NEW BABY HOSPITAL DEDICATED- COMMUNITY CHEST RAISES QUOTA - BERKELEY CHURCH OBSERVES FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY - STRINGHAM APPOINTED ON UTILITY BOARD-NEW LADIES' RELIEF HOME FOR AGED DEDICATED-PORT .636 IMPROVEMENTS
CHAPTER XXII RECENT CITY ELECTIONS
OAKLAND ELECTIONS SINCE 1904-CITY ELECTIONS OF BERKELEY- TEN BOND ISSUES FAIL IN BERKELEY-BERKELEY ADOPTS CITY MANAGER PLAN - PRESENT BERKELEY OFFICIALS AND BOARDS -ALAMEDA CITY ELECTIONS-ANOTHER CHARTER ADOPTED BY ALAMEDA-PRESENT OFFICIALS OF ALAMEDA-MUNICIPAL ELEC- TIONS OF PIEDMONT-PIEDMONT ADOPTS NEW CHARTER-SAN LEANDRO ELECTIONS OF LAST TWENTY YEARS-THE ALBANY ELEC- TIONS SINCE INCORPORATION-ALBANY ADOPTS A CHARTER-HAY- WARD CITY ELECTIONS-EMERYVILLE ELECTIONS-PLEASANTON ELECTIONS-LIVERMORE CITY ELECTIONS .647
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Mission San Jose, built after Earthquake of 1869 23
Mission San Jose, Founded June 11, 1797. 23
Founders of the County-Many prominent in Politics-Duncan Cameron,
E. O. Crosley, Thomas A. Smith, William Meek, Wm. W. Crane, Jr., A. M. Church, E. H. Dyer, A. M. Crane, Socrates Huff 75
In and about Mount Eden, 1898-Views. 81
Principal Alameda County School buildings, 1898. 85
The Giersberg Vineyard, near Livermore 89
The Paris Vineyard. 89
The Gregory House, Centerville 93
Residence of E. H. Dyer, Alvarado, 1898 93
Oakland's first School building. 103
Southwest corner Twelfth and Broadway, Oakland, 1870. 103
The "Liberty", first locomotive used on San Francisco and Oakland railroad, 1863 115
Oakland's first railroad station and first gas light.
115
Old City Hall, Oakland. 121
Broadway north from Thirteenth, Oakland, 1869
129
Oakland-From an early painting
129
Telegraph Road, looking south from Junction and Broadway, Oakland, 1869. 139
San Pablo Road, Oakland
139
Fourteenth and Broadway, old Oakland.
143
First Congregational Church.
Trinity M. E. Church
Baptist Church. 151
First Presbyterian Church.
St. Mark's Episcopal Church.
St. Joseph's Catholic Church.
Bird's-eye view of Berkeley, 1898
154
City Hall and School buildings, Alameda, 1898.
159
Some of the framers of the Charter of 1888-Portraits. 205
Oakland Schools of the early nineties 217
An Oakland ship yard in 1896. 221
Coal Bunkers, Foot of Webster Street, Oakland, 1896. 221
Boating on Lake Merritt, 1896 221
A Bird's-eye View of Oakland, from a lithograph of 1893 223
City Hall, Oakland, 1893. 227
Oakland from the Masonic Temple tower in 1895 227
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ILLUSTRATIONS
229
Channing Way, from East Shattuck Avenue, Oakland, 1895
Fulton Street, north from Dwight Way, Oakland, 1895. 229
Looking up Twelfth Street, Oakland, 1895 229
Oakland Churches, from pictures taken in 1893. 233
235
View on Thirteenth Street, Oakland, 1896.
235
Fourteenth Street, Oakland, 1896.
235
St. John's Episcopal Church, Oakland, 1896.
239
Oakland Bank of Savings
239
The Union National Bank.
239
The Park Block.
239
The Old Playter Block.
239
The Blake and Moffitt Building
239
The Macdonough Building and Theatre
East side of Broadway at Fifteenth Street, Oakland, 1896; Hotel Albany on left, Winter's Hotel on right 245 245 251
The Northeast corner of Broadway and Fourteenth Street, Oakland, 1896
Tenth and Washington Streets, 1892. 251
The Cape Ann Bakery. 251
Home of the "Oakland Tribune" in Early 1905
251
The Everts Block 251
Washington Street, West Side, from Twelfth to Thirteenth, Oakland, 1896,
Masonic Temple at Twelfth. 257
Washington Street, West Side, from Eighth to Ninth, Oakland, 1896, Three
Story Winsor Hotel at corner of Ninth. 257
Washington Street, West Side, from Tenth to Eleventh, Oakland, 1896, Hotel Crellin on left, Salinger's Department Store on right 257
Oakland skyline with Lake Merritt in foreground.
281
Chief Adelbert Wilson and his staff in a new Pope-Hartford police auto- mobile in 1910.
281
Adelbert Wilson, chief of police, 1906-1912. 295
295
Captain J. Frank Lynch, Central Police division, Oakland.
295
Walter Joseph Petersen, Chief of Police, 1912-1915, 1916-1917
Donald L. Marshall, chief of Oakland police, addressing throng gathered to welcome Capt. Charles A. Lindbergh. 297
Lieutenant of Police Charles Hemphill, Head of Traffic Dept. 297
315
Sam Short, Retired Chief Engineer Oakland Fire Dept.
Horse-drawn "Steamer" of the old days. 315
Pioneers in Educational Work-Horatio Stebbins, Isaac H. Brayton, S. H. 337
Willey, Fred M. Campbell, Sherman Day 339
College School, Oakland, 1861.
University Grounds, looking South, 1875 339
269
Policeman Richard B. Richardson, killed on duty .
Captain Bodie Wallman, Captain of Inspectors, Oakland police. 295
William J. Lutke, Chief Engineer, Fire Department, 1928 315
The Oriental Block
The Blake Block 251
ILLUSTRATIONS
xix
Early Presidents of the University of California (Portraits) 341
Lick Obsevatory from the Northeast, 1895. 343
The Bacon Art and Library Building, 1895 343
South Front, Chemistry Building, 1895. 343
Mining and Civil Engineering Building, 1895 347
South Hall, 1895 347
North Hall, 1895. 347
The Harmon Gymnasium 349
Stephens Union Building 349
Library 349
Mechanics Building 351
Agriculture Hall
351
Mining Building
351
California Institution for the deaf and the blind, 1895. 355
California School for the blind.
355
John L. Davie, Oakland's war-time mayor.
361
The Parr Terminal on Oakland's Water-front. 361
Sun Porch, Red Cross Canteen on Oakland Mole. 369
Alameda County Red Cross Workers bidding local boys good bye. 369
Alameda County Red Cross Workers greeting wounded soldiers 377
"Service" from the Oakland and Alameda Red Cross Canteen. 377
Wounded Soldiers in front of Canteen-enroute to Letterman Hospital 393
Wounded men at breakfast in Oakland Canteen 393
Harmon Bell, Food Administrator for Oakland. 397
Luther Burbank teaching school children war garden work 397
Aeroplane view of Bethlehem Shipbuilding plant. 407
Triple launching at the Moore shipyards, March 14, 1918.
413
Benjamin Ide Wheeler, President U. of C., 1899-1919 419
Henry Morse Stephens, students' friend. 419
Memorial Stadium at the University of California. 419
President Woodrow Wilson, guest of U. of C., Sept. 18, 1919. 437
President Wilson Visits Oakland in 1919 437
Veterans Memorial Buildings; Alameda, Oakland, Berkeley. 441
The 159th Infantry Greeted on Broadway. Oakland's largest crowd. 451
The Defenders' Recreation Club, War Camp Community Service, Thirteenth and Harrison Streets, Oakland. 453
Oaklanders Greeting the 159th Infantry in 1919. 453
"Victory Chorus" at Lakeside Park. Oakland During the Reception to 159th Infantry 455
Mrs. G. H. Morrison, American Red Cross, welcoming a returning soldier. 477
Oakland Red Cross Workers in front of Canteen 477
Boys of the 143rd Field Artillery returning to the East Bay 481
Looking north at Broadway from Syndicate Building. Oakland. 503
United States Veterans' Hospital, Livermore. 513
Overhead Cable Car, one of the first street cars in Piedmont 535
Quadruple launching at the Bethlehem shipyards. 407
XX
ILLUSTRATIONS
The Piedmont Fire Department in 1912-with only one engine. 535
City Hall, Oakland. 555
City Hall, Berkeley 559
Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley
563
East Fourteenth Street, San Leandro
567
Annual Rodeo at Livermore. 573
Airplane view of Livermore 573
Telegraph Avenue, Berkeley. 581
First Street Cars from Oakland to Hayward, 1892.
581
Elks Club Building, Oakland 587
Scottish Rite Temple, Oakland. 587
Doorway to proposed City Hall, San Leandro
593
Oakland Skyline from Estuary 595
Hayward, 1870 and B Street, Hayward looking north, 1927. 599
CHAPTER I
DOWN TO STATEHOOD
RESUME OF EARLY EXPLORATIONS-SAN JOSE MISSION ESTABLISHED- RUSSIANS SETTLE IN CALIFORNIA-AN AMERICAN CAPTURES MON- TEREY - THE DAYS OF FREMONT AND THE "BEAR FLAG" - PICO'S ADDRESS-GENERAL VALLEJO'S IDEAS-SONOMA CAPTURED-IDE'S PROCLAMATION-SLOAT'S PROCLAMATION-CALIFORNIA BECOMES STATE - SPANISH, MEXICAN, MILITARY AND EARLY STATE A GOVERNORS.
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