USA > California > Alameda County > History of Alameda County, California. Volume I > Part 29
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first five were adopted and the last three failed of securing the approval of the voters of the state. The general election was held on November 7.
COURTHOUSE BONDS DEFEATED
The much-discussed question of building a new courthouse for Alameda County, which has been in the foreground more than once during the past decade or so, was given the acid test in a special elec- tion held on May 6, 1924. This election took place upon the same day set aside for the 1924 presidential primary. There were 90,062 votes cast upon the issue of floating $4,500,000 for the proposed new county building, and of that number 50,120 cast votes in favor of the bonds and 31,848 against. The 335 Oakland precincts gave 32,605 votes in favor of the bonds, with 16,236 opposing. In Berkeley the vote was 8,830 in favor and 9,017 against in the 106 precincts. Alameda voters cast 3,771 votes for and 2,632 votes against, in forty-five precincts. The nine Piedmont precincts gave 1,374 for the bonds and 681 against.
A second bond issue of $1,800,000 for the completion of the High- land Hospital, however, fared better than the courthouse bonds. Official totals gave 67,588 votes in favor of this issue and but 16,862 against. The Oakland majority was 41,301 to 9,038; Berkeley, 14,326 to 4,022; Alameda, 5,180 to 1,472; and Piedmont, 1,718 to 335.
There were two factions seeking support in the presidential prefer- ential primary. The Wood delegation, pledged to Hiram W. Johnson, received 33,393 votes in the county ; while the Crocker faction, pledged to Coolidge, won with 40,806 votes. The democrats of the county gave the Phelan faction, pledged to McAdoo, 8,378 votes; the Barlow dele- gation, unpledged, receiving but 1,940 votes.
THE ELECTION OF 1924
The registration for the county experienced a big increase for the 1924 elections over the ones two years previous. For the general election the county had enrolled 199,832 voters. The number in Oak- land was 124,262; in Berkeley, 38,539; in Alameda, 15,399; and in Piedmont, 3,899. One of the principal contests in the primary of August 26th was that between Albert E. Carter and James H. Mac- Lafferty for the congressional nomination for the Sixth District. Carter won, 29,870 to 27,337. Two candidates filed for the republican nom- ination for state senator, Thirteenth District. E. H. Christian received
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3,631 votes and Frank M. Carr 3,545. No one ran against Senator Arthur H. Breed in the Fifteenth District. But one candidate filed in both the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-eighth Assembly Districts, Homer R. Spencer and J. Croter having the field to themselves. Three men sought the nomination in the Thirty-fourth District, William P. Jost leading Edwin H. Williams and L. J. Toffelmier. The vote in the Thirty-seventh District was 6,276 for Edward J. Smith, 4,422 for Aaron Turner, and 310 for Frederick Dubovsky. Eugene W. Roland secured the nomination in the Thirty-seventh District, defeating Walter H. Fiebling, Henry A. Viera and Nels P. Sorensen. The official canvass in the Thirty-ninth District gave Frank W. Anderson 1,707; John Gelder, 1,647; and Nicholas Meinert, 1,001. Harold W. Cloudman secured the nomination in the Fortieth District, leading Chris B. Fox by slightly over three hundred votes. Mrs. Anna L. Saylor again re- ceived the indorsement of the Forty-first District, winning over Irving Whitney by 260 votes out of a total of over ten thousand.
Ralph V. Richmond had the campaign to himself in the First Dis- trict for county supervisor. Redmond C. Staats, Stuart B. Bowles and Ernest S. Leslie sought the nomination in the Fourth Supervisorial District, Staats leading and Bowles also qualifying for the finals. In the Fifth District J. F. Mullins won the election over John H. Nedder- man and Juanita Nedderman.
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The thirteen republican presidential electors were given 81,454 votes in Alameda County at the general election of November 4. The demo- cratic electors received but 8,020; while the socialist electors, pledged to LaFollette, polled 41,442. The prohibitionists secured 1,592 votes. Albert E. Carter captured the right to represent the Sixth District in Congress, defeating John L. Davie, 68,547 to 42,873; with Herbert L. Coggins. in third place with 7,858 votes. Harry L. Davis was de- feated for state senator in the Thirteenth District by E. H. Christian; and in the Fifteenth District John O. Davis was defeated by the re- election of Senator Arthur H. Breed. William P. Jost in the Thirty- fourth Assembly District, Homer R. Spence in the Thirty-fifth, Eugent W. Roland in the Thirty-seventh, and Mrs. Anna L. Saylor in the Forty-first had no opponents. Edward J. Smith defeated Thomas Jefferson Oakes in the Thirty-sixth District; J. Croter de- feated Ben Kubly in the Thirty-eighth; George Fitzgerald lost to M.
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J. McDonough in the Thirty-ninth; and Harold C. Cloudman led J. E. Pemberton and Max Schevind in the Fortieth.
The voters in the First Supervisorial District returned Ralph V. Richmond, no other candidate filing. In the Fourth District Redmond C. Staats polled 21,786 votes to 14,495 cast for Stuart B. Bowles. John F. Mullins was reelected in the Fifth District. Judge A. F. St. Sure was elected associate justice of the District Court of Appeals for the term ending January 5, 1927. The number of votes cast for the full terms for the Superior Court were 84,120 for Judge Lincoln S. Church; 83,899 for Judge Fred V. Wood; 82,111 for Judge Joseph S. Koford; and 81,345 for Judge John D. Murphey. For the short term, Judge Fred V. Wood was given 79,132, and Judge John D. Murphey 74,988. There were eighteen questions voted upon at the general election.
PRIMARY ELECTION RESULTS OF 1926
There were 116,393 votes cast at the primary election of August 31, 1926, of which 99,444 were for republican candidates and 12,399 for the democratic ticket. Six men sought the republican nomination for governor, C. C. Young carrying Alameda County over Friend W. Richardson, 43,627 votes to 38,487. Rex B. Goodcell polled 15,007 votes in the county ; while W. D. Mitchell, Mayo Thomas and R. F. McClellan secured only 517, 303 and 301 respectively. Albert E. Carter had no opposition for renomination for Congress. T. C. West secured the nomination for state senator in the Fourteenth District over W. H. Graham and William H. Hollander. In the Sixteenth District Edgar S. Hurley was renominated, defeating Frank V. Cornish and Joseph L. Fainer. For the Assembly William P. Jost was unopposed in the Thirty-fourth District. The results in the other districts were: Thirty- fifth, Roy Bishop was nominated over H. M. Bradley in a close race; Thirty-sixth, Edward J. Smith over Clyde W. Deal and C. William Booth; Thirty-seventh, Eugene W. Roland over Harriet A. Haas, W. H. Fieberling and Harry F. Paplow; Thirty-eighth, J. Croter over Walter W. Feeley; Thirty-ninth, M. J. McDonough over William Mc- Farland; Fortieth, Harold C. Cloudman over George Gelder and Harold Everhart; Forty-first, H. C. Kelsey over J. O. Davis and F. W. Creely.
Judge William H. Waste was given 78,682 votes for the nomina- tion for chief justice of the Supreme Court. For the full terms of the Superior Court Judge T. W. Harris polled 75,013 votes; Judge John J.
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Allen, 76,696; and Judge James G. Quinn, 77,549. For the short term Judge Allen was given 76,714 votes.
The only contests for county offices were those for auditor, sheriff, assessor, district attorney, public administrator and for supervisor from the Third District. For auditor E. F. Garrison polled 60,062 votes to 32,039 cast for Lawrence J. Hills. Sheriff Frank Barnet led B. F. Becker, Piedmont chief of police, 47,195 votes to 39,225 in the primaries ; while Charles W. Culver polled 22,459. This made necessary a second campaign between Barnet and Becker for the general election. Louis J. Kennedy defeated Harry G. Williams for assessor, 54,939 to 47,401. In a three-cornered race for district attorney Earl Warren defeated Preston Higgins and T. L. Christianson. Albert E. Hill won the nomi- nation and election for public administrator over George E. Sheldon. In the race for supervisor from the Third District the voters returned William J. Hamilton over John H. Walker.
THE REPUBLICAN COUNTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE
The following republican leaders were selected by the voters of the party at the primary election to constitute the Republican County Cen- tral Committee :
Thirty-fourth Assembly District : Hal P. Angus, Hayward; New- ton W. Armstrong, San Leandro; Emanuel George, Alvarado; W. T. Knightly, Hayward; and Edward K. Strobridge, Hayward.
Thirty-fifth District: Carl Allison and Thomas R. Brown, of Oak- land; and Harry A. Borchert, Ralph T. Boyd, Frank W. Hally and Ernest J. Probst, of Alameda.
Thirty-sixth District : E. J. Adams, W. E. Adams, Fred D. Alex- ander, Thomas Anderson, Charles E. Armstrong and W. E. Dean, all of Oakland.
Thirty-seventh District: Ada B. Allen, Robert G. Arlett, Robert G. Atkinson, William F. Bilger, H. T. Hempstead, Vance McClymonds and A. Vander Naillen, all of Oakland.
Thirty-eighth District : Harry Adams, E. B. Clark, George B. Cox and M. Gross, all of Oakland.
Thirty-ninth District : John F. Bradley, E. J. Carey, Gerald Lawlor, Walter J. Taylor and Clifford Wixson, all of Oakland.
Fortieth District : John P. Brennan, Berkeley; Fred M. Brown, Al- bany; George Curtis, Oakland; Harry V. Greenwood, Albany; and Edward Mansfield Berkeley.
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Forty-first District : Edwin H. Andrews, Oscar T. Barber, Ida M. Blochman, C. M. Boynton, T. E. Caldicott, Walter A. Gompertz, Elmer E. Nichols and Anna L. Saylor, all of Berkeley.
Upon organization of the central committee, A. Vander Naillen was chosen chairman; W. T. Knightly, vice chairman; W. E. Adams, secre- tary ; and Robert G. Arlett, treasurer.
RESULTS OF THE 1926 GENERAL ELECTION
The county gave C. C. Young a splendid majority for governor over his two opponents at the general election of November 2, 1926. He polled 85,412 votes, to 32,686 cast for Justis S. Wardell and 5,221 for Upton Sinclair, the latter running on the socialist ticket. Frank C. Jordan's majority for secretary of state was even greater over Milton Bryan and James P. M. Jensen. T. C. West had a clear field for the State Senate from the Fourteenth District. In the Sixteenth District Edgar S. Hurley defeated Frank V. Cornish. There was only one can- didate for the Assembly from each of the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth districts; Wm. P. Jost, Roy Bishop, Edward J. Smith, Eugene W. Roland, J. Croter and M. J. McDonough being the men honored. In the Fortieth District Harold C. Cloudman defeated J. E. Pemberton, and in the Forty-first H. C. Kelsey defeated J. O. Davis.
Judge William H. Waste was assured of his election with no oppo- nent running against him for the Supreme Court. Judges James G. Quinn, John J. Allen and T. W. Harris were reelected for full terms to the Superior Court, and John J. Allen for the short term ending Jan- uary 3, 1927.
The only contest for a county office was between Burton F. Becker and Frank Barnet, the former beating the man who had held this office for twenty years, by a vote of 65,231 to 51,719. Other county officials chosen were David E. Martin, superintendent of schools; George E. Gross, clerk; E. F. Garrison, auditor; Gilman W. Bacon, recorder; George A. Posey, surveyor ; Fred W. Foss, treasurer ; Louis J. Kennedy, assessor ; Earl Warren, district attorney; Edward T. Planer, tax col- lector ; Albert E. Hill, public administrator ; Grant D. Miller, coroner ; Charles W. Heyer, supervisor, Second District; and William J. Hamil- ton, supervisor, Third District. The new county charter was adopted by a vote of 44,277 to 36,671.
Edward J. Tyrrell and Howard L. Bacon were elected justices of
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the peace for Oakland, defeating W. J. Hennessey and Victor A. Dunn. The totals for these four men were 36,909, 32,041, 30,024 and 26,867 in the order named. Harry W. Pulcifer was elected justice of the peace for Oakland Township; and Herbert D. Wise for Brooklyn Township. Alameda Township elected Elmer E. Johnson again. W. J. Gannon and Jacob Harder, Jr., were chosen to that office in Eden Township; G. S. Fitzgerald in Murray Township; and P. C. Quinn in Pleasanton Township. Four candidates sought the two vacancies in Washington Township. The final vote showed 1,211 for Allen G. Norris, 1,272 for Joseph A. Silva, 867 for B. C. Mickle and 828 for Manuel D. Silva. Robert Edgar, for the City of Berkeley, and Edward J. Silver, for the City of Alameda, were without rivals in the general election.
Henry Seeban, in Murray Township, and Albert E. Vervais, in Pleasanton Township, were elected constables. The latter defeated L. E. Van Patton. Two constables were chosen in each of the remaining townships. Those elected follow, the individual votes being given in cases where more than two candidates ran: Oakland Township: H. T. Hempstead and Walter J. Taylor. Brooklyn Township: W. C. Allen and Thomas D. Carroll. Alameda Township: Charles J. W. Deuser, 6,584; Al Kihn, 5,244; and Charles E. Keyes, 3,643. Eden Township: A. J. La Cunha, 3,793; M. Valance, 2,951 ; and Milburn E. Jones, 2,554. Washington Township: Thomas Silva, 1,278; Manuel J. Bernardo, 1,053; Albert L. Juhl, 989; and J. L. Ramsell, 983.
CHAPTER XII THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AN OBSCURE BEGINNING-THE COLLEGE OF CALIFORNIA INCORPOR- ATED-UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CREATED BERKELEY BUT A SCATTERED SETTLEMENT-EARLY REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY- UNIVERSITY EXPANDED UNDER PRESIDENT GILMAN-WILLIAM T. REID BECOMES PRESIDENT-THE PHOEBE A. HEARST SCHOLAR- SHIPS-FIRST HIGH SCHOOLS ACCREDITED-DONATION OF NEW DORMITORY FOR WOMEN-FIFTY-NINTH BIRTHDAY-DEATH OF PRESIDENT WHEELER-A. P. GIANNINI MAKES LARGE GIFT
Remarkable as the growth of the Eastbay region has been, it posses- ses an institution within its borders which has by far exceeded the ad- vancement of its modern cities. From an obscure birth, from a begin- ning more humble than can be found in the commencement of most educational institutions, the University of California has outstripped colleges and universities much older, until today it leads all in point of number enrolled. Our metropolitan rise has been rapid; but our univer- sity has set a pace that we cannot approach in city building. This fore- most position among the colleges of the world has not been accidental or without reason. It has been due to a combination of conditions and factors which have not existed in their entirety in the history of most institutions of higher learning. The university is located in the heart and center of the fastest-growing metropolitan area of the nation; it is blessed by the most delightful climate of the nation. It has been always aided by the finances of a progressive citizenship that fully real- izes the importance of liberal support to its educational institutions; and has been augmented by most careful administrative supervision supplemented at all times by a most brilliant faculty. These are some of the outstanding features which readily come to mind to explain the reasons for a growth and development unprecedented by that of any other college or university. The University of California today is one of the greatest assets of the state. It is more; it is one of the great
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HORATIO STEBBINS
ISAAC H. BRAYTON
S. H. WILLEY
FRED M. CAMPBELL
SHERMAN DAY
PIONEERS IN EDUCATIONAL WORK
22V1
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assets of the nation and of the world. Its fame, and carried with it, California's fame, have been borne to all parts of the nation and to all corners of the world.
AN OBSCURE BEGINNING
One must go back to the very beginning of Oakland in considering the history of the University of California, back to the time when it was a financial problem to maintain even the elementary country schools of pioneer villages for a few weeks or a very few months each year- back to the era when there were no high schools in the bay section. The University of California was an outgrowth of the old College of Cali- fornia, and that last named seat of learning was an offspring of the College School. Rev. Samuel H. Willey, a young graduate of Dart- mouth College, came to San Francisco from New York on the first steamer which left the eastern port after the discovery of gold in Cali- fornia. He became interested in a movement to establish a college; but we must pass over these attempts and a period of three or four years until the arrival of Henry Durant, who later admitted that he came "with the purpose of founding a university fully formed in his mind." Durant was born in Acton, Massachusetts, June 17, 1802; and graduated from Yale in 1827. He arrived in San Francisco on May day, 1853. Immediately after his arrival, a joint meeting of the Congregational Association of California and the Presbytery of San Francisco was held at Nevada City, and it was decided to establish a school in Oakland, with Mr. Durant in charge. In June, therefore, Mr. Durant opened his school in a former fandango house, located on the corner of Fifth Street and Broadway. Broadway was then the only thoroughfare of consequence (as far as it then extended) in a settle- ment of but a few hundred population. Durant's school started with three students. His rent was one hundred and fifty dollars a month, and this had to be paid in advance and in gold coin. In like specie, and in an equal sum, he paid a man and his wife who took care of the build- ing and did the housework and cooking. Funds were raised by sub- scriptions, and the financial difficulties were often most pressing and depressing. However, slow as its growth was, funds were finally raised to secure, if not entirely pay for, a more permanent site, consist- ing of the four blocks bounded by Twelfth, Fourteenth, Franklin and Harrison streets. There the "Academy" moved and remained until it
COLLEGE SCHOOL, OAKLAND, 1861
(Courtesy of the Oakland Museum)
UNIVERSITY GROUNDS, LOOKING SOUTH, 1875
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grew into the College School, then into the College of California; and for four years the University of California was maintained upon that ground which is now in the heart of Oakland's business district. Rev. Samuel B. Bell, pastor of the First Presbyterian church, was of great assistance during the early struggles of the College and at the time when this site was secured. Durant might have failed but for Bell's aid.
THE COLLEGE OF CALIFORNIA INCORPORATED
The College of California was incorporated April 13, 1855, under the laws of the state, with the following trustees: Frederick Billings, Sherman Day, S. H. Willey, T. D. Hunt, Mark Brummagim, Edward B. Walsworth, Joseph A. Benton, Edward McLean, Henry Durant, Francis W. Page, Robert Simson, A. H. Wilder and Samuel B. Bell. However, the College of California was not yet ready to function, for there were no students prepared to enter as freshmen; and the College School was continued to fill in the gap. The intervening years were also used in seeking funds; and Rev. Willey was one of the chief fac- tors in this direction. In the summer of 1860 there was a freshman class ready for the College of California, and it thereupon began its formal existence. Its faculty consisted of Rev. Henry Durant; Rev. Martin Kellogg, then pastor of the Congregational Church in Grass Valley; Rev. I. H. Brayton; William K. Rowell; and Charles L. Des Rochers. Of the ten students registered as freshmen, Jose M. Y'Banez was also listed as instructor in Spanish. Thus the College of Arts of the University of California, extended to the College of Letters and Science, has had a continuous existence from the year 1860.
In March, 1862, Rev. S. H. Willey was elected vice president of the College, and a larger building was erected through funds raised by friends of the institution. The first class was graduated in June, 1864. Rev. Durant was principal of the College School from 1853 to 1860. He was succeeded by Rev. I. H. Brayton, who continued until 1869, assisted by Frederick M. Campbell as vice principal, and also by Rev. E. G. Beckwith in the later years of the existence of the College of California. During the existence of the College of California it had acquired a 160-acre tract of land of rare beauty, and an ideal college site, four or five miles north of Oakland-today the site of the great university.
JOHN LE CONTE
HENRY DURANT
WILLIAM T. REID
HORACE DAVIS
MARTIN KELLOGG
EDWARD S. HOLDEN
DANIEL C. GILMAN
EARLY PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CREATED
In 1867, the directors of the Agricultural, Mining and Mechanical Arts College had provisionally selected a tract of land for their pros- pective college a mile or so north of the Berkeley holdings of the College of California. About this time it became apparent to the minds of those most active in the affairs of the College of California that the financial burdens of maintaining a growing institution through private munificence were great, indeed. The happy thought of turning the College into a state institution grew out of the needs of the day; and education had friends and leaders, not only in the faculty and trustees of the College, but on the outside and in various parts of the state. With such leaders as Frederick F. Low, who was governor of Cali- fornia from 1863 to 1868, Dr. Stebbins, Professor Durant, John W. Dwinelle, John B. Felton, Professor Willey, Hon. Henry Robinson, state senator from Alameda, and others, a plan was soon evolved. When Henry H. Haight became governor in 1869, he recommended the pas- sage of a law organizing a state university. Hon. John W. Dwinelle introduced such a bill on March 5, 1868, in the state assembly. On March 21 it had passed both houses ; and on March 23, 1868, the charter of the university was signed by Governor Haight.
The College of California had offered to transfer all its property to the University of California and to disincorporate. The transaction was carried out as planned. The College of California was in debt to the extent of some $49,000. But it had the down-town Oakland property, a library of 10,000 volumes, and the Berkeley site, valued as high as $160,000. The state secured transfers of all, and in return the old College was liberated from its debt and thus permitted to disincorporate. It was originally planned to open the University of California in 1868, but the task of organizing in a period of ninety days was too great, and a request was made that the College of California continue for another year. This was done, and the Board of Regents were given time to continue their work of securing a faculty and of making all prepara- tory plans. The board's first selection for the faculty was Professor John Le Conte. They next elected Professor Kellogg, still with the College of California; then R. A. Fisher, as professor of chemistry, mining and metallurgy ; and next Joseph Le Conte, as professor of geol- ogy, botany and natural history. Academic seniority at the University, therefore was John Le Conte, Kellogg, Fisher, and Joseph Le Conte. During the summer of 1869 the initial faculty of the University was
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THE LICK OBSERVATORY FROM THE NORTHEAST, 1895
THE BACON ART AND LIBRARY BUILDING, 1895
SOUTH FRONT, CHEMISTRY BUILDING, 1895
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HISTORY OF ALAMEDA COUNTY
completed by the selection of Paul Pioda, E. S. Carr, William Swinton, W. T. Welcker, Frank Soule, Jr., and R. E. Ogilby.
Plans of having buildings ready on the Berkeley site for the open- ing of the first college year were delayed; and when the first year opened on September 23, 1869, it was in the old buildings in Oakland. The faculty numbered ten, and there were but twenty-five students enrolled. Classes were taught there until the first class was graduated in 1873. Professor John Le Conte was named on June 14, 1869, to discharge the duties of president of the University in the absence of a permanent president, and he continued as such until the election of Henry Durant as president on August 16, 1870. Durant considered that he earned his retirement after two years' service as president; and resigned; and on November 7, 1872, Daniel C. Gilman was inaugurated as such in Oakland. Prior to the selection of Durant as president, the office had been extended to Gen. George B. McClellan, who declined. Daniel C. Gilman had also declined a first invitation in June, 1870. Durant wanted to retire to private life, but Oakland wanted to bestow further honors on the man who had done so much for education. The city chose him as its mayor in March, 1873; and reelected him in 1874, by a unanimous vote. But he passed away before his second term of office had expired.
BERKELEY BUT A SCATTERED SETTLEMENT
Berkeley-named, it is said at the suggestion of Frederick Billings on May 24, 1866, in honor of Bishop George Berkeley-was but a tiny and distant settlement when the University was moved in 1873. There were but a few houses on Choate Street, at the end of the car line; and a few scattered residences. These included the Willey home at Col- lege Avenue and Dwight Way; the Simmons home at the end of Pied- mont Avenue; the "Berkeley Farm;" the residences of Leonard, Haste, Shattuck, Hillegass, and a few others. It was then a long trip to San Francisco; either by way of the slow bob-tail car to Oakland, or through the aid of an omnibus to the ferry at "Ocean View," other- wise known as "Jacob's Landing," and later as West Berkeley. But since the opening of the Institute for the Deaf and the Blind on October 20, 1869, (moved from San Francisco, where it was established April 30, 1869) and since the removal of the University to the new location in 1873, Berkeley has grown so rapidly that present-day residents can- not visualize the small village of fifty years ago. There were no churches in Berkeley in 1873, and members of the faculty and student
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