USA > California > Nevada County > Bean's history and directory of Nevada County, California. Containing a complete history of the county, with sketches of the various towns and mining camps also, full statistics of mining and all other industrial resources > Part 22
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The Grass Valley Daily Union was started on the 28th of October, 1864, by Blumenthal & Townsend. The latter got out of the establishment after a brief and inglorious career, and the firm was changed to Blumenthal & Bennett. Ben- nett soon left, and a short time afterward the paper went into the hands of Shane & Shearer. Shane & Miller became proprietors April 1st, 1865. Miller conducted the paper for a time, and took in B. F. Gwynn as a partner, the latter purchasing Miller's interest in the fall of 1866. Gwynn sold the Union to C. H. Mitchell and Wm. S. Byrne in October, 1866, since which time to the present it has been con- ducted under the firm name of Byrne & Mitchell. The Union is the largest daily in Nevada county, has one of the best job offices in the interior, and the paper is independent in politics and devoted to local interests.
GO TO B. GAD'S CLOTHING EMPORIUM.
GO TO NO. 4 MILL STREET, GRASS VALLEY, AND SEE DIXON.
MINES AND MILLS OF GRASS VALLEY.
SKETCH OF THE MILLS ..
Allison Ranch.
Situated on the Allison Ranch mine, was erected in 1856 and commenced running in October of that year, with eight stamps, to which four more were added in 1863. The mill now runs twelve stamps, is run by a 35-horse power engine, and when employed crushes for its owners, the Allison Ranch Mining Company. Blanket process. This is an excellent mill.
Byers.
Owned by John Byers, and erected on South Wolf Creek, three miles and one-half southeast of Grass Valley, this year. Hlas eight wooden-stem stamps, which are run by water power.
Cambridge.
Located on Howard Hill, at the Cambridge mine. Erected in 1866, at an expense of about $12,0010. Runs ten revolving, 900-pound stamps, the motive power of the engine being 35-horse. Capable of crushing nineteen tons of quartz in twenty-four hours. Blanket process. Owned by W. E. Dean, D. W. C. Rice, W. H. V. Cronise, A. C. Peachy, Con. Reilly, and others, who also own the Cambridge mine. The Cambridge mill crushes exclusively for the company.
Coe Company's,
This mill was completed on the Coe mine in 1865. The crushing is on a now plan-new at least for this place, being on the centrifugal principle. The amalga- mating process is the Ryerson. The mill, owned by Messrs. Coc & Davis, of San Francisco, has not been tested to any great extent, and we are consequently unpro- pared to speak of its merits.
Empire Company's.
This magnificent mill, which is unquestionably the finest quartz mill in Northern California, was erected in 1866, on Ophir Hill, at a cost of $100,000. Runs thirty stamps, is propelled by an engine of eighteen inch cylinder and forty-two inch stroke, and the capacity of the mill is sixty tons per day. The main building is one hundred feet in length and ninety feet in width, with a boiler house eighteen by thirty feet. All the improvements in gold-saving, such as the newest styles of pans, settlers, etc., are here used. The Empire mill is owned by the Empire Min- ing Company, consisting of Captain S. W. Lee, of Grass Valley, J. P. Pierce, A. L. Morrison and A. H. Houston, of San Francisco.
Eureka.
This mill, situated on the Eureka mine, and owned by the Eureka Company, was put up in 1865 at a cost of about $20,000. It runs twenty revolving stamps, is capable of crushing fifty tons per day, and crushes exclusively for the Eureka mine. This is an excellent mill.
Gold Hill.
This mill, situated on the west bank of Wolf Creek, Grass Valley, was erected in 1852, by the Gold Hill Company. It has twenty revolving stamps, (substituted in 1863 and 1864 for old square stamps,) being propelled by a one hundred-horse power engine, and is capable of crushing from forty to fifty tons of rock in twenty-
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LAMBS WOOL AND COTTTON HOSE-ENGLISH MANUFACTURE-AT B., GAD'S.
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four hours. Under the new management, important improvements have been made in the mill, such as adding new boilers, introducing rotary stamps, etc. This mill, which bears a first-rate reputation, is now owned by Hooper, Cronise, and others, and crushes rock from the owners' ledge, on Gold and Massachusetts Hills, and also does an extensive business in crushing custom rock.
Hartery,
Located on the Hartery ledge, about two miles south of Grass Valley. Erected in 1866 at an expense of about $10,000. Runs eight stamps, by steam power, and can crush ten tons of rock in twenty-four hours. Amalgamating done in the bat- teries. Built for the purpose of crushing the rock of the Hartery Company. Mill owned by E. Mclaughlin, Joseph O'Keefe and William Loutzenheiser, who also own the Hartery mine.
Ione.
Erected in 1866, at an expense of $10,000. Runs ten revolving stamps, is run by a 40-horse power engine, and is capable of crushing eighteen tons of rock in twenty-four hours. Blanket process, and copper plates and pans used. Situated on the Ione Company's mine, about two miles in a southeasterly direction from the town of Grass Valley, and is employed in crushing rock for the Ione Company.
Lady Franklin.
Located in Boston Ravine; was erected in 1856 by Rush & Laton, and is now owned by John R. Rush. Runs eight wooden stamps, Is propelled by a 35-horse power engine, and can crush twenty tons of rock in twenty-four hours. Does custom work.
Larimer's.
Situated on Wolf Creek, a short distance below Grass Valley. Erected in 1851. Runs nine square-stem stamps, is propelled by water power, and is capable of crushing fourteen tons of quartz every twenty-four hours. Amalgamating princi- pally done in the batteries. This mill does custom work, and is owned by John W. Larimer.
Laton & Son's.
On Union Hill, north bank of Middle Wolf'Creek, about two miles in an easterly direction from Grass Valley, was built in 1865, and cost about $10,000. Runs eight stamps, propelled by a 20-horse power engine. Capacity, fifteen tons of rock every twenty-four hours. Blanket process in use, though the principal part of the gold is saved on copper plates. This mill, which is owned by B. B. Laton of Grass Valley, and C. A. Laton of San Francisco, is a custom mill.
Lucky.
On Howard Hill, on the Lucky mine, about two miles east of Grass Valley. Erected in October, 1866, at an expense of $13,000. Runs fifteen revolving stamps, of about nine hundred pounds each, and can crush thirty tons of quartz in twenty-four hours. Amalgamating done in the batteries, and blankets also used. Run by a 50-horse power engine. Crushes for the company. Owners, Hamilton McCormick, E. A. Tompkins, W. D. Goldsmith, D. E. Osborn, G. W. Topliffe, Michael Williams, Ed- ward Nuttall, and W. R. Taylor, who also own the Lucky mine.
Merrimac.
Located on Merrimac Hill, about two miles and a quarter from Grass Valley, ou the Merrimac mine. The mill was erected in 1864, and the first crushing was done in January, 1865. It has ten revolving stamps, weighing about eight hundred pounds each ; is propelled by a 30-horse power engine, and is capable of crushing fifteen tons of rock in twenty-four hours. The amalgamating is done in the bat- teries. The mill crushes for its owners, Thomas Findley, Henry Scadden, Joseph Woodworth, George D. Roberts, and A. E. Head. Cost of mill, about $15,000.
Norambagua.
Situated on Wolf Creek, near the Norambagua mine, four miles south of Grass Valley. This mill, which is moved by water power, running ten stamps, and capa-
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GRASS VALLEY TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY.
ble of crushing fifteen tons of quartz in twenty-four hours, was built in 1851. Crushes rock from the Company's ledges-the Norambagua and Lone Jack. The amalgamating is done principally in the batteries, copper plates and riffles also being used. The sulphurets here have paid as high as two hundred dollors a ton. Norton's pans are used for grinding tailings. It is owned by A. C. Peachy, Judge Hoffinan, W. H. V. Cronise, William Campbell, Alexander Stoddard, and others, who purchased the Norambagua mill and mine, last summer, for $100,000.
North Star.
At the French Lead, about two miles south of Grass Valley. Erected in 1866, on the mine of the North Star Company, at a cost of $30,000. Runs sixteen stamps, with a 50-horse power engine, and is capable of crushing twenty-four tons of quartz every twenty-four hours. Crushes for the North Star Company. Owners, John C. Coleman, Edward Coleman, William Hoskin, W. H. Rodda, John Rodda, Josiah Rodda, James Dodds, Richard Kitto, William Dunston, and Thomas Harper, who are owners of the North Star mine.
Osborn Hill.
This mill, on Osborn Hill, about two miles southeast of Grass Valley, was erected in 1861, at an expense of about $22,000. It has three batteries of five stamps each, and is run by a 50-horse power engine, which is capable of running double the present number of stamps. The mill can be used either for dry or wet crushing. Capacity, twenty tons of quartz (wet crushing) in twenty-four hours, and ten tons by the dry crushing process. Owned by the Osborn Hill Company, who purchased this mill and the Osborn Hill mine, from Joseph Woodward and George Voges, last winter.
Perrin's.
Owned by Joseph Perrin, and situated near Wolf Creek Station, about five miles south of Grass Valley, is a saw and quartz mill combined, and is propelled by water power. Was built in 1864; the stamps, five in munber, being added in 1865. First crushing in January, 1865. This mill, capable of crushing twelve tons of rock in twenty-four hours, is engaged on quartz from the Slate ledge, owned by Perrin & Colvin, and located near Forest Springs.
Rocky Bar.
Erected in 1856, on Massachusetts Hill, by the Mount Hope Company, of which Michael Brennan was agent at the time. Is a sixteen-stamp mill, being run by two engines, each 35-horse power. The mill, which is now crushing rock for the New York Hill Company, is capable of crushing forty tons of rock in twenty-four hours. Blanket process used. The Rocky Bar mill cost upward of $20,000. Owned by the Rocky Bar Mining Company.
Sebastopol.
This mill, originally located at Sebastopol Hill, was removed to the present lo- cality, Boston Ravine, in October, 1863. It runs twelve revolving stamps, is pro- pelled by a 30-horse power engine, and can crush twenty-five tons of rock in twenty-four hours. The Sebastopol mill-one of the best custom mills in the township-cost about $25,000. It is owned by Benjamin McCauley, the Watt Brothers, and Mrs. John Connolly. Blanket process used in this mill.
Smith & Northey's.
On Little Wolf Creek, about one mile and one-half from Grass Valley. Erected in 1864. Runs eight square-stem stamps, cach weighing nine hundred and fifty pounds, the motive power being a thirty-horse power horizontal engine. Blanket process adopted, the interior arrangements being similar to those of the Sebastopol mill, with the exception that arastras are used for grinding sulphurets and amal- gamating rusty gold instead of pans. The mill is capable of crushing sixteen tons of rock in twenty-four hours. Principally engaged on custom work. Owned by Robert Smith, John Smith, Edward Northey, and Henry Morgan.
Stockton's. On South Wolf Creek, about twelve miles from Grass Valley, is the ledge of
NECK TIES, SILK AND LINEN HANDKERCHIEFS, AT B. GAD'S.
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Stockton & Co., who crush their own rock with an arastra, the machinery being propelled by water power.
Union Hill.
On Union Hill, about two miles from Grass Valley, erected in July, 1860. Runs twenty stamps, having a fourteen inch engine with two boilers. Capacity, forty tons of quartz in twenty-four hours. This mill, one of the best in Nevada county, cost $21,000. Crushes rock for the owners of the Union Hill mine and mill, con- sisting of G. D. Roberts, William McCormick, J. H. Gashwilder, and T. Findley.
SKETCH OF THE MINES.
Eureka Hill.
This hill, through which the Eureka vein runs, is about one mile and one-fourth from the town of Grass Valley. It was originally known as Eureka Mountain, the first location being made February 7th, 1851. The Eureka, which, as far as devel- oped, has proved itself the richest gold mine in the world, is among the earliest quartz locations of this township, but its richness, notwithstanding it had been worked by various parties for a number of years, was not fully developed until the winter of 1863. The mine was owned at various times by B. L. Lamarque, Geo. D. Roberts and William Chollar, who failed to find it profitable ; Lamarque, who had purchased the interests of the other partners, finally selling the mine in 1857 to Fricot, Ripert and Pralus, for a comparatively small sum. During the years from 1857 to 1863, the ledge was worked to a perpendicular depth of forty-eight fect, and during this period large quantities of quartz were taken out, none of which paid largely, while the greater portion of the rock failed to pay crushing expenses. Becoming satisfied at last that the ledge was really a good cne, Fricot & Co. com- menced sinking a vertical shaft in 1863, completing it to a depth of one hundred feet in 1864. The vein at this depth was large and well defined, showing an ex- cellent quality of quartz. The company in sinking this shaft took out sufficient money to pay the expenses of erecting hoisting and pumping works, building the present magnificent mill, all at an expense of over $60,000, besides giving numer- ous handsome dividends to the three partners. From 1863 up to the sale of the mine, in the fall of 1865, the Eureka continued to pay largely, but the figures we have not been able to obtain. The vein runs in a southeasterly and northwesterly direction, pitching west of south at an angle of about seventy-eight degrees, the upper wall being syenite, the lower wall greenstone. The lowest level reached, which is now being worked, is at a perpendicular depth of four hundred and twenty feet, on which drifts have been run from the foot of the shaft about three hundred feet, one hundred and fifty feet each way, showing a vein averaging three feet in width and yielding rock which averages $48 per ton. The Eureka sulphurets, which are among the richest in Nevada county, are saved by the company, and are worked by Mr. Deetken, for the owners, who uses the Plattner, or as it is more gen- erally called, the chlorination process. The sulphurets are divided into three grades or classes, being numbered 1, 2 and 3; No. 1 paying at the rate of $400 per ton, No. 2, $300, and No. 3, $214. The sulphurets are worked to within five per cent. of fire assay. Since the present owners purchased the Eureka, in the fall of 1865, as already stated, when they paid $100,000 in gold coin of the United States for it, to Fricot & Co., new machinery has been added, the working greatly increased, and
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GRASS VALLEY TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY.
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an immense amount of first-class ore has been taken out. The gross yield of the mine for 1866 amounted to $596,053, the dividends during the same period being at the rate of $30,000 per month, or $360,000 for the year. With sulphurets on hand unworked and with expenditures for machinery and improvements about the mine, the figures show actual dividends paid by the Eureka in 1856 amounting to $433,000, or $32,000 over the purchase money. A one-fortieth interest sold in 1836 for $17,500. The mill has crushed on an average one thousand tons of quartz rer mouth during the present year, and the monthly dividends have averaged $30,000. The monthly expenses of running the Eureka, not including repairs of machinery, etc., are $18,000. Working at the present time about one hundred and sixty men. A new incline shaft was recently commenced, which will be completed during the present season, and which will greatly facilitate the working of this extraordinary mine. The shaft is being raised from the three hundred foot level, and is being sunk from the surface at the same time. There are eighteen hundred feet in the claims. The owners of the Eureka, the best gold mine we have heard of in modern times, are J. B. Dickinson, Thomas Hope and Benjamin Silliman, of New York, Edwin Hull, W. 1I. V. Cronise, John C. Winans, Milton Bulkley, James Freeborn, A. J. Pope, Robert F. Morrow, N. J. Hall, George W. Beaver, L. S. Adams, and Francis Borton, of San Francisco, William Watt, Robert Watt, J. Fricet, A. Pralus and S. Ripert, of Grass Valley.
The Idaho Company's claims, consisting of thirty-one hundred feet on the vein, begin at the cast line of the Eureka, on the left bank of Wolf creek. At the west line of the Idaho the lode crosses the creek and runs into a spur of the ridge divid- ing Little and Middle Wolf creeks, and thence into the main ridge. The lode has been distinctly traced for about one thousand feet, and can afterward only be traced by the country formation. Located in 1863. A law suit prevented the development of the mine for more than a year. Late in the fall of 1864 the company commenced sinking a shaft on the creek, near the line of the Eureka, and developed a large vein of quartz, twenty inches in thickness, which increased as depth was attained. This was merely a prospect shaft. Under the superintendency of Edward Coleman the plant for the permanent shaft and machinery were made on the south side of the creek thirty feet above vertically south from the croppings. This shaft was sunk to a perpendicular depth of almost one hundred and thirty feet, and a level was run almost twenty feet toward the lode, which has not yet been struck. The company stopped work when winter set in, but will resume operations this season. They will undoubtedly find a large vein, as the croppings immediately opposite the shaft are two feet in width, showing free gold. The Idaho is owned by Thomas Findley, M. P. O'Conner, Edward Coleman, Wm. Young, Capt. L. W. Coe, and others.
The Maryland claims begin at the east line of the Idaho, running two thousand feet on the lode. A chimney of the Eureka appears on these claims, at which point the company have sunk a shaft forty-five feet deep, and have also made sur- face excavations. The lode in the Maryland claims only crops out for about two hundred feet, and then disappears. Owned by R. A. Fisher, E. W. Maslin and S. P. Dorsey. 1
Beyond the Maryland, on the line of the Eureka, is the Grass Valley Consolidated Company's mine, more generally known as the O'Connor, a history of which will be found under the head of " Union Hill."
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GRASS VALLEY TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY.
One feature of the Eureka vein is the directness of its course, never varying, so that aside from the formation of the country indicating its course, it may be traced by conipass.
On the west of the Eureka are the Roannaise claims, embracing two thousand feet on the lode, commencing at a large out-crop on the flat west of the Eureka Hill, at the west line of the Eureka claim. The lode maintains its size. An eighty foot shaft sunk, but no rock crushed. Quartz highly charged with sulphurets. Sold by Fricot, Ripert and the Pralus brothers to a New York company, about one year ago, for $25,000. No machinery erected yet. The conformation of the country is suclı, after the Roannaise croppings disappear, as to prevent the lode from being traced distinctly.
The Coe Company, the Pendleton and the Moss companies, each having a large ledge on their claims, are supposed to be on the line of the Eureka lode.
North of the Eureka lie the Hayward or Richardson lode, the Golden Rule, Golden Gate, Alabama, Baltimore, Last Chance, Mobile, and other quartz veins.
Massachusetts Hill,
That the distant reader, unfamiliar with the magnitude of our early mining en- terprises may understand, if possible, the amount of labor expended, the weary years consumed in opening, developing and carrying out to a successful termination the working of a large quartz mine, we reproduce, with a few alterations, the his- tory of the Massachusetts Hill, or as it is commonly known, the Watt mine, which appeared in the Directory of Grass Valley Township for 1865. The Massachusetts Hill having been a representative mine, and having yielded, up to the time Watt, O'Keefe & Co. worked out the vein to their square boundary lines, a little more than one year ago, three million dollars, and its general history being the history, save in minor details, of other first-class quartz mines in this township, we give it without further excuse or explanation :
The hill lies about three-fourths of a mile southwest of Grass Valley. The first quartz discovery on Massachusetts Hill was made early in January, 1850, a short time after the first quart discovery on Gold Hill. Massachusetts Hill was named by William Chollar, who figured extensively in its early history. M. E. Baxter was the first Recorder, and the name of Wm. Chollar is the first on the records of Massachusetts Hill. The first records of the hill bear the date of January 13th, 1851, from which we quote :
The lot shall be staked off with one stake at each corner, and the fifth one in or near the center, with the number and name of owner, and said lot shall be recorded when taken up; and if sold, shall be transferred to the purchaser, and if any lot or lots are not worked by May 1st, 1851, they shall be considered forfeited.
These formed all the laws of Massachusetts Hill which existed up to April 23d, 1851, when at another miners' meeting the laws were revised and these amend- ments added :
Voted-That all new claims located may be one hundred square feet, not to in terfere with present claims.
Voted-That all old claims be recorded by the 10th of May, or be forfeited.
At another meeting the laws were more fully elaborated, and in the revised code the claims were laid out thirty by forty feet ; and till April 13th, 1851, no alteration was made. The laws enacted on April 13th, 1851, allowing each claimant or claimants one hundred square feet to the claim, remained unchanged till the gene- ral district laws were passed in 1852, at which latter period claims were authorized to be one hundred feet on the ledge, with all the dips and angles.
B. GAD'S, CORNER MAIN AND MILL STREETS, GRASS VALLEY.
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In the winter of 1850 the first quartz mill was erected by two Germans. It was a small, rude affair, run by water power, and stood near the site now occupied by the Lady Franklin mill, in Boston Ravine. It scarcely saved gold from specimens, and was, of course, soon abandoned. The next mill, a decided improvement on its predecessor, was built by Bacon and others, and stood where the Sebastopol mill now stands. Considerable gold was saved, but not enough to satisfy the too san- guine hopes of the quartz miners. Bacon's mill crushed custom rock, charging at the rate of twenty dollars per ton.
Massachusetts Hill was worked at an early day to the water level, by several parties. Delano & Co., who were extensively interested on the hill, sold out in 1851 to Dr. J. C. Delavan, an agent of a New York company, known as the Rocky Bar, this company supplanting the Sierra Nevada Company. Delavan, as agent of the new company, erected a small mill on Wolf Creek, at the base of Massachusetts Hill. This mill was a system of wheels running in a circular box, crushing the rock on the principle of an old-fashioned bark mill. It proved a failure. Dr. Del- avan was succeeded as superintendent by a Mr. Whitney, totally inexperienced in milling and mining matters. He was soon succeeded by Mr. Seyton, who opened the mine and took out a large quantity of gold. Michael Brennan, whose tragic history we give below, succeeded Seyton as superintendent in 1856. In June, 1855, the Company took out a large quantity of ore which averaged seventy dollars to the ton. The name was changed to Mount Hope Company, an incorporated concern- Brennan, a member of the original company, having been sent out from New York as superintendent. In sinking on a stringer he took out enough gold to pay the stockholders a dividend of one per cent. on a million dollars. Elated with his suc- cess, he built the Rocky Bar mill, put on expensive mining machinery, and sunk the celebrated Brennan shaft, which last piece of work cost over thirty thousand doliars. Brennan worked the stringer down to a depth of about two hundred and sixty feet, finding it, on the whole, a very unprofitable job. In addition to the investments made on Massachusetts Hill, he had erected machinery on New York and Cincinnati Hills, both of which enterprises proved failures. He had borrowed large sums of money from Andre Chavanne, giving Mr. C. a mortgage on the property. At last, driven to desperation by a combination of business reverses, and in a morbidly insane mood, he committed the crime of murder and suicide. On Sunday, February 21, 1858, Brennan, his wife and three children-embracing the entire family-were found dead at the family residence. The corpse of the mur- derer and suicide, Brennan, lay on the floor of his parlor, that of his wife on a sofa in the same room, while the three lifeless children were in adjacent rooms. Prussic acid, which Brennan had procured in San Francisco and Sacramento, had been the agency in this wholsale life destruction. By Brennan's side was found a loaded pistol, cocked, with which, it is reasonable to suppose, he either intended to take his life in case he failed with the poison, or designed using should any parties detect him in his fiendish act and attempt the frustration of his horrible scheme. He left a letter explaining the cause of his terrible act, complaining of his bad luck, asserting that he could not bear the thought of leaving his wife and children to buffet disgrace and poverty, also expressing regret that he was unable to take his mother and a sister in Europe, who were dependent upon him for a mainten- ance, with him on his long journey. Brennan, who was an Irishman by birth, was a man of extensive erudition, and for several years was connected editorially
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