History of Los Angeles county, Volume I, Part 5

Author: McGroarty, John Steven, 1862-1944
Publication date: 1923
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 564


USA > California > Los Angeles County > History of Los Angeles county, Volume I > Part 5


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Walworth, Mrs. Charles M., II, 471


Ward, Herbert L., III, 63


Ward, Victor L., II, 56


Vasey, Albert W., III, 472


Wardlaw, Charles T., II, 487


Vaughan, Earney B., III, 478


Vawter, Mrs. C. A., I, 408


Vawter, E. J., I, 408


Vawter, Edwin J., III, 365


Vawter, Eva, III, 365


Warner, Don Juan, I, 3


Warner, Elwin P., III, 369


Venice, I, 17


Warner, J. J., I, 7, 169


Venice banks, I, 57


Warner, Whitsel & Company, III, 369


Venice, Canal (illustration), I, 26


Warner, William H., II, 24


Warren, Charles S., I, 118


Warwick, Mrs. George N., II, 230


Washburn, W. J., I, 283


Water Board, I, 276


Venice High School, III, 128


Venice News, I, 114


Venice Scenes (illustrations), I, 440 Venice Township, I, 16


Water supply, I, 191


Venice Vanguard, I, 114


Water supply system, San Gabriel, I, 403 Waterman, Isaiah J., III, 20


Watson, Harry B., III, 245


Watson, James A., I, 73


Watson, Mary C., II, 191


Watson, Minnie H., II, 337


Watts, I, 17; population, 23; banks, 54, 57


Watts, I, 494, 495


Watts, Charles H., I, 407


Wattson, Henry A., II, 149


Wattson, Mary A., II, 150


Weaver, Blanche, II, 157


Weaver, Caroline B., II, 177


Weaver, Martha C., II, 155


Weaver, William K., II, 176


Weberg, Karl J., II, 324 Weberg, Emma A., II, 324


Volunteer Fire Company, Angeles, 1873, I, 199 Votaw, Elmer J., III, 47


Los


Webster, Elmer E., III, 33 Weddington, Fred, III, 350 Weekly Rescue, I, 111


Vack, Albert, II, 494


Valdez, Antonio, I, 174


Valdez, Lucian, I, 279


Valencia orange production, I, 477 Vallejo, M. G., I, 9


Walnut growing (illustrations), I, 472 Walnuts, I, 477


Van Nuys, I. N., I, 186


Van Nuys News, I, 114


Van Waters, Miriam, II, 136


Wardman, Aubrey, III, 62 Waring, John L., III, 371 Warner, Alfred, II, 25


Warner, Bion S., II, 468


Venice Canal (illustration), I. 441 Venice, population, I, 441; libraries, 442; churches, 442; city incorpo- rated, 442; city officials, 442.


Water distribution, first laying of iron pipe, I, 196


Water problem, I, 273


Verbeck, Blanche A. S. H., III, 44


Vernon, population, I, 23


Vetter, Joseph W., II, 518


Vickers, Myra B., II, 208


Views on Verdugo Road (illustration), I, 468 Vigare, Juan, III, 233


Vigare, Luz (Gonzales), III, 234


Vigilance Committees, I, 64


Vignes, Hippolite, II, 169


Vignes, Hannah W., II, 169


Vignes, Louis, I, 30, 33


Viney, Alvin W., II, 33


Viscano, Sebastian, I, 258


Vocational Schools, I, 284 Vogan, Allen G., II, 156 Volkmor, William, II, 117


Vejar, Ricardo, I, 31, 177


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INDEX


Weeks, Henry, I, 281 Wegener, Louise B., II, 321


Whittier College, I, 115, 473


Whittier district, I, 477


Wegener, Oscar G. P., II, 321


Whittier National Bank, I, 46 Whittier News, I, 114 Whittier Pacific Friend, I, 114


Wells, Fargo & Company, 1, 191


Wells, George W., II, 396


Wells, Richard H., III, 510


Welsh, Joseph, II, 38


Wendt, Julia B., II, 218 Wendt, William, II, 218


Widney, J. P., I, 169


West, Samuel H., III, 248


Widney, Robert M., I, 74


West Adams Park, Los Angeles


(illustration), I, 14


Wiggins, Archie N., III, 228


Westergard, William, III, 308


Wiggins, Frank, I, 353


1


Westlake Park, I, 338


Westlake School of Music, II, 318


Wharton, Charlotte C., II, 402


Wharton, Luther F., II, 401


Whealton, Louis N., III, 476


Wheat, I, 23, 29, 197


Wheat, James E., II, 504


Wheeler, J. O., I, 308


Whipple, Mrs. Charles L., III, 175


Whipple, Clarence, II, 527


Whipple & McDonald, II, 527


White, David H., II, 94


Willis, Harper K., III, 170


Willmore City, I, 417


Wills, Yvonne D., III, 11 Wilmington, banks, I, 53, 57 Wilmington, I, 109, 193, 218, 444


Wilmington, I, 445; churches; 446; lodges, 446; newspaper, 446; library, 446; first called "San Pedro New Town," I, 446; then "New San Pe- dro," I, 446 Wilmington Express, I, 114


Wilmington Journal, I, 114, 446


Wilson, Annie, I, 186 Wilson, Atlas L., III, 36


Wilson, B. D., I, 7, 9, 170, 171, 186, 225, 245, 246, 325, 370 Wilson, Benjamin D., I, 31, 171


Wilson, Bingham T., III, 415 Wilson, Catherine A., III, 36 Wilson, Christopher N., I, 78


Wilson, Emmett H., I, 283


Wilson, Jim, III, 327


Wilson, John T., III, 141


Wilson, Mary A., II, 150 Wilson, R. D., I, 31 Windham, Charles H., II, 10 Wine, I, 165 Wine industry, I, 31 Wine making, I, 193 Wingard, Arthur J., III, 64 Wingert, Jefferson G., III, 212


Williams, Carle L., III, 319


Williams-Dimond Line, I, 262


Williams, E. A., III, 266


Williams, Hannah, II, 169


Williams, Isaac, I, 15, 171, 177


Williams, Jean, II, 532


Williams, John R., III, 417


Williams, Theodorick A., II, 130


Willis, Charles A., III, 313


Willis, George F., II, 56


White, Glade L., III, 292 White Home City, I, 504 White, James, I, 435


White, Richardson D., III, 408


White, Stephen M., I, 76, 200 White, Stephen M., III, 83 White, Thomas J., I, 31


White, T. J., I, 306 Whiting, Samuel, I, 12 Whitney, J. P., I, 298 Whitsel, John M., III, 370 Whitsett, William P., III, 235 Whittier, I, 17; population, 23; banks, 1, 46, 57 Whittier, pioneer oil fields at, I, 60 Whittier Street Scene (illustration). I, 476


Whittier, I, 473; Quakers' first settlers, 473; oil, 473; schools, 473; banks, 473; lodges, 473; industries, 474; newspapers, 474; churches, 474; lodges, 474; municipal history, 475; city officials, 475; parks, 475; hospi- tals, 475; library, 476; banks, 476; agricultural products, 476; schools, 474; fruit industry, 473-474 Whittier State School, I, 477 Whittier, John G., I, 474 Whittier Citrus Fruit Growers' Asso- ciation, I, 473


Whittier Savings Bank, I, 47


Whittier Township, I, 16


Whittier Vegetable Growers' Associa- tion, I, 473 Wicks, M. L., I, 37


Widney, R. M., I, 116, 186


Western Hardwood Lumber Com- pany, III, 506 Western Pacific Railroad, I, 36 Western Savings Bank, Long Beach, I, 45


Wild geese, I, 186


Wild oats, I, 179 Wilhart, Louis, I, 31, 64


Wilkey, Roscoe S., II, 405 Wilkinson & Scott Company, II, 65 Wilkinson, William B., II, 65


Weitz, Louis, II, 388 Wellborn, Olin, II, 228


xlii


INDEX


Winstead, George M., III, 393


Winston (Dr.), I, 306


Wireless telegraph, I, 218


Wirsching, Carlota V., II, 189


Wirsching, Robert E., II, 189


Wiseman, Ada P., III, 10


Wolfskill, William, I, 7, 30, 33, 169, 175, 177 Wolfskill, Will, I, 193


Woman's Twentieth Century Club, Eagle Rock, I, 469


Women in early days, customs, cloth- ing, I, 165 Wood, Arthur D., II, 48


Wood, Mrs. Charles M., II, 234


Wood, Francis G., III, 452


Wood, George H., III, 150


Wood, Louisa G., III, 302


Wood, William F., III, 301


Wood, Winifred E., III, 453


Woodard, Bert P., III, 402


Woodbury, Valentine, III, 527


Woodley, F. E., I, 19


Woods, James, I, 325


Woodward, Hattie, III, 106


Woodward, Theophilus H., III, 105


Wool boom, 1871-72, I, 199


Woolwine, T. L., I, 19


Workman Family, I, 7


Workman, George B., III, 460


Workman, W. H., I, 357


Workman, William, I, 170, 225, 248, 370, 376


Worsham, Margaret B., II, 105


Worsham, William G., II, 105


Wright, Corinne K., III, 246


Wright, Frank W., III, 101


Wright, Henry W., I, 19


Wright, Julian C., II, 521 Wright, William B., Jr., III, 423


Yale, Alford E. W., III, 341 Yank-na, I, 148


Yarnell, Jesse, I, 408


Yokohoma Specie Bank, Los Angeles, 1, 42 Yorba, Bernardo, I, 176


Yorba, Jose A., I, 232


Young, Andrew, III, 494


Young, Charles W., III, 514


Young, Edison J., III, 378


Young, Ewing, I, 169, 171


Young, Thomas C., III, 518


Young Men's Christian Association (illustration), I, 327


Young Men's Christian Association, Long Beach, I, 419


Young Men's Christian Association, Ocean Park, I, 441


Young Men's Christian Association Building, Pomona (illustration), I, 429 Young Women's Christian Association, Long Beach, I, 419 Yutahs, horse thieves, I, 175


Zalvadea, Jose M., I, 4, 5 "Zanjas," I, 191


Zehner, Edward D., III, 534


Zimmer, Mary S., III, 498


Zimmer, Nathan W., II, 440


Zimmer, William W., III, 498


Zinfandel grapes, I, 33


Zorraquinos, Juan, III, 238


Zorraquinos, Mary E., III, 239 Zunis, I, 130


G


SAN FERNANDO MISSION


History of Los Angeles County


CHAPTER I


DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT AND ORGANIZATION


It was only a half century after the discovery of America by Columbus that California was discovered by white men. It was during 1542, when Carbrillo, a Portuguese sailor, in Spanish ships under the flag of Spain, sailed up from Old Mexico, landing his little fleet of galleons in what is now famous as the harbor of San Diego and six days later he landed in the harbor of San Pedro, Los Angeles County of today. The exact date was September 28, A. D. 1542, or three hundred and eighty years ago. This great explorer, as if in the hands of Providence or Fate, after looking upon this fair country sailed here and there along the coast and in making back to the quiet shelter of Santa Barbara channel, he fell ill of a fever and died and was tenderly buried on the sunny isle of San Miguel, not realizing the vastness and importance of his discovery on the California coast. It should be remembered, too, that it was two hundred and thirty- nine years after the discovery of California that Los Angeles city was founded. The start toward Christian civilization in this county and com- monwealth was made in 1769-seven years prior to the Declaration of Independence by the Colonists of the Atlantic coast. It was during 1769 that we first learn of the renowned Fray Junipero Serra, that noble Fran- ciscan who planted the Cross of Christianity in the sunny valleys of which this volume will treat. In brief it may be stated that the Catholic Church came here to christianize the native Indians and to colonize California as a Spanish province. It was they who founded the numerous Missions up and down the coast in California, including famous San Gabriel of this county.


THE OLD CATHOLIC MISSIONS


The first three Missions determined upon by the authorities of the Catholic Church to be established within what is now California were San Diego, Monterey and San Buenaventura. The College of San Fernando furnished ten new priests for five additional missions to be established. On May 21, 1771, they arrived at Monterey on board the ship San Antonio. The five proposed missions were: San Gabriel, San Luis Obispo, San Antonio, Santa Clara and San Francisco. For the San Gabriel Mission,


Vol. I-1


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HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY


President Junipero Serra appointed the friars Angel Somera and Pedro Benito Cambon. At San Diego, there was some delay on account of the illness of some of the priests, as well as a few desertions from among the soldiers. Finally, on August 6th, Somera and Cambon, with an escort of ten soldiers and a supply train of mules under four muleteers-about twenty persons in the command-left San Diego for the purpose of found- ing the San Gabriel Mission, taking the general route now used by the present Santa Fe railway line from San Diego to Los Angeles. It had been designed to locate the Mission on the Santa Ana River, but not finding a suitable place, they went on to the San Miguel River, which later was called San Gabriel, from the Mission founded. Here they selected the site, still known as the Old Mission, where a few adobe ruins were standing only a few years ago. It was near an Indian village, eleven miles east of the city of Los Angeles, on lands later owned by Richard Garvey, which is a number of miles from the present Mission buildings and the city of San Gabriel, now made famous the world over by McGroarty's Mission Play, of which mention will be made later in this work. The Indians were quite numerous and at times very hostile, yet in a manner were drawn toward the white race and liked many of their superior qualities and cus- toms. On September 8, 1771, the Cross was raised and the regular cere- monies for such an occasion were enacted which constituted the founding of "San Gabriel Archangel." The Indians helped in the construction of the buildings of this Mission, consisting of the usual square stockade with the wooden houses and church building within the enclosure.


These temporary buildings and the site in general not proving suitable, the mission was removed in August, 1776, about one league, to the present site, and there a chapel was first built, but later was replaced by an adobe building one hundred and eight feet long and twenty feet wide. The present stone church was commenced in 1794 and completed about 1806, it being the fourth erected for this Mission. The Mission attained its greatest influence in about 1817, when there were 1,701 neophytes in the Mission fold. The largest grain crop ever harvested there was in 1821, when almost thirty thousand bushels of wheat were gathered. The number of Mission cattle was then 26,000. Historian Bancroft says of this Mission that the total number of baptisms was 7,854, of which 4,355 were Indian adults and 2,459 were Indian children. The deaths were 5,655, of which 2,916 were Indian adults and 2,363 Indian children. In 1834, the year in which the Missions were secularized, its neophyte population was 1,320.


The missionaries of San Gabriel founded a station at old San Ber- nardino about 1820. It was mostly an agricultural station and ranch head- quarters. The buildings there were destroyed by the Indians in 1834. Hugo Reid, who lived many years among the San Gabriel Indians, learned of them their first impressions of the Spaniards. He says: "The Indians were sadly afraid when they saw the Spaniards coming on horseback. Thinking them gods, the women ran to the brush, and hid themselves, while the men put out the fires in their huts. They remained still more impressed with this idea, when they saw one of their guests take up a flint, strike fire and commence smoking, having never seen it produced in this simple manner before. An occurrence, however, soon convinced them their strange visitors were, like themselves, mortals, for one of the Spaniards


3


HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY


leveled his musket at a bird and killed it. Although greatly terrified at the report of the piece, yet the effect it produced of taking life led them to reason, and deduced the impossibility of the 'Giver of Life' to murder animals as they themselves did, with bows and arrows. They consequently put them down as human beings, 'of a nasty white color and having ugly blue eyes.' This party was a small one and soon left. They offered no violence, they were in consequence not disliked.


"The whites made them a number of presents prior to using any means to convert them ; the presents were never refused, but only those consisting of goods were put to any use whatever. All kinds and classes of foods and eatables were rejected and held in abhorrence. Instead, therefore, of partaking of them they were buried secretly in the woods. Two old Indians, not long since dead (1889), related to me the circumstance of having once assisted when boys to inter a quantity of frijol (an Indian corn) just received from the whites. Some length of time afterward, being out in the woods amusing themselves, they came where these articles had been deposited. Their surprise knew no bounds to now behold an infinity of stalks and plants unknown to them protruding through the earth which covered the seed. They communicated the fact at home; their story was verified by others, and the wizards duly pronounced the whites witch- crafts."


Don Juan Warner, a native of Connecticut, who came to Los Angeles in 1831, thus wrote in his History of Los Angeles County, published in 1876-Centennial year: "In less than sixty years from the founding of San Gabriel Mission, the herds of neat cattle, bands of horses, and flocks of sheep and goats, of the three Missions of this county, covered the major part of the land in Los Angeles County, and all that part of San Bernardino County lying south and west of the San Bernardino mountain range. The number of Indian converts in these three Missions was, in 1802, 2,674. In 1831 when these Missions had reached their highest prosperity the neophytes numbered more than four thousand. By the labor of the subjugated and converted Indians the missionaries planted orchards and vineyards and cultivated large fields of corn, wheat and barley, beans and other food vegetables. As soon after the founding of a mission as its circumstances would permit, a large pile of buildings in form of a quadrangle, composed of burnt brick, but chiefly of sun-dried ones, was erected around a spacious court. A large and capacious church, which usually occupied one of the outer corners of the quadrangle, was a neces- sary part of the pile.


"In this massive building covered with red tile, was the habitation of the friar, rooms for guests, and for the major-domos and their families, hospital wards, storehouses and granaries, rooms for the carding, weaving and spinning of woolen fabrics, shops for blacksmiths, joiners and car- penters, saddlers, shoemakers and soap boilers, and cellars for storing the products (wine and brandy) of the vineyards. Near the house of the friar and in front of the large building, another building of similar materials was placed and used as quarters for a small number-about a corporal's guard-of soldiers under command of a non-commissioned officer, to hold the Indian neophytes in check, as well as to protect the Mission from the attacks of hostile Indians. The soldiers at each Mission also acted as


.


4


HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY


couriers, carrying from Mission to Mission the correspondence of the government officers and the friars. These small detachments of soldiers, which were stationed at each Mission, were furnished by one or the other of the military posts at San Diego or Santa Barbara, both of which were mili- tary garrisons. At an early period in the history of San Gabriel, a water- power mill for grinding wheat was constructed and put in operation, in front of and near the Mission building. At a later date a new grist mill was built by the Mission and placed about two miles west of the Mission proper. This was also operated by water-power. The building in which was placed this mill later formed a part of the residence of E. L. Mayberry. A water-power saw mill was also built by this Mission, and was located at the last mentioned grist mill. These were the only mills made or used in California, either for grinding or sawing, in which water was the motive power, or in which a wheel was used for more than half a century after the founding of the first Mission in Continental California. In these two grist-mills the revolving mill-stone was upon the upper end of a vertical shaft, and water-wheel on the lower end, so that the revolution of the stone was no more frequent than that of the water-wheel.


"Of the products or manufactures of those Missions, during the sover- ยท eignty of Spain over California, very little was exported, being mostly consumed by those who belonged to the Mission, or by the inhabitants of the town of Los Angeles, and the stock-breeders in the country adjacent."


The great earthquake in 1812, which overthrew the church at San Juan Capistrano, was also felt at San Gabriel. The church building was cracked, the steeple fell and images inside were broken ; the friars' residence was also materially injured.


It was under the rule of Father Jose Maria Zalvadea, who came from the San Fernando Mission in 1806, that the Mission here attained its greatest prosperity. One historian describes him as being "a man of powerful mind, ambitious as powerful and cruel as ambitious." It was he who planted the vineyards, intersected with fine walks, shaded by fruit trees of every description, and rendered still more lovely by interspersed shrubs. He laid out the handsome orange gardens, fruit and olive orchards ; built the mill and mill-dam ; made fences and placed hedges of rose bushes round the fields, and especially at Mission Square, where he had a famous flower garden in which was a sun dial and a charming fountain supplied with waters from a far-away source. He set down new rules and said everything must be in its right place. "Everything under him was organi- zation and that organization was kept up by the lash, if need be."


But it must be said of him that he introduced many useful industries. One writer describes his work as including large soap works, tanning yards, tallow works, bakery, cooper shops, blacksmith shops, carpenter shops, large spinning rooms, where might be seen fifty or sixty women turning their spindles merrily, and looms for weaving wool, flax, and cotton. Then large store rooms were allotted to the various articles, which were kept separate. For example-wheat, barley, peas, beans, lentils, chick, peas, butter and cheese, soap, candles, wool, leather, flour, lime, salt, horse-hair, wine and spirits, fruit stores, etc. Sugar-cane and hemp were added to the other articles cultivated, but cotton and wool were usually imported.


In 1814 the Mission numbered 175 inhabitants of "Razon" or intelligent white Europeans. In 1812 a private school was founded at San Gabriel.


HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY


In 1832 the California Missions were all confiscated by the Mexica? government. They were placed in the hands of a secular commission. They were then plundered and devastated, during the period between that . year and the year of "restoration" to the Franciscans in 1843. In 1845, only 250 Indians remained in the San Gabriel community, the larger num- ber having been scattered by the confiscation of the Missions and their property allotment. At the date of restoration there were only 72 head of cattle and 700 head of sheep on the San Gabriel lands. In June, 1846, the Mission was sold to Reed & Workman by the Mexicans, for past aid and services rendered, but later their title was decided invalid.


The publication entitled "The Old Missions of California" says: "San Gabriel suffered sadly from the cruel blow of secularization, admin- istered, as it was, at a time wholly premature and ill-advised. Seculariza- tion was but a synonym for destruction. Such was the fate of San Gabriel, the fairest of the Franciscan possessions, the generous monastery whose portals were open to all the wanderers of its time."


Additional information relative to this interesting Mission will be found in the section of this work on the Cities and Towns of the county, where San Gabriel will be again mentioned.


THE SAN FERNANDO MISSION


The San Fernando Mission was the second to be established within Los Angeles County and was founded September 8, 1797, under plans similar to those under which were established all other Missions in this state. Its foundation was effected by the labors of President Lasuen, assisted by Francisco Dumetz, at a site of lands owned by one Reyes. The mission was established with the customary religious ceremonies, in the presence of the soldiers and a great multitude of the natives. The Mission was dedicated "by instructions from Mexico" (of course) to San Fernando, King of Spain.


Francisco Javier Uria was associate priest with Dumetz, and both served till 1800, or possibly later. Ten children were baptized the first day, and thirteen adults had been added to the list early in October. In 1797 there were fifty-five neophytes on the baptismal register. In 1810 there were 310 baptisms and about seventy deaths at the mission. The number of cattle, mules and horses in 1800 was 526, and of sheep 600. In 1799 there were 1,200 bushels of wheat, corn and barley raised, and the total yield for the three years 1798-1800 was 4,700 bushels.


The adobe church was completed and consecrated in December, 1806. The ruins of this church were easily observed by the passer-by in 1895. The founder, Francisco Dumetz, left in 1802, but was again in charge until December, 1806, when Nicholas Lazaro and Jose Maria Zalvidea (later of the San Gabriel Mission) arrived at San Fernando and remained until he was transferred, as above noted, to a greater field at San Gabriel, where he ruled with great potency for twenty years. The various priests in charge at San Fernando Mission included these: Francisco Dumetz, Nicholas Lazaro, Jose Maria Zalvidea, Jose Antonio Uria, Pedro Munoz, Martin Landeata (who died in 1810), Jose Antonio Urresti. The last named died in 1812, and Pedro Munoz left the country in 1817. He was succeeded by Marcos Antonio Victoria, serving from 1818 to 1821, and


6


HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY


Urresti was succeeded by Joaquin Pascual Nuez and Vincente Pascual Oliva, from 1812 to 1814. Roman Ullibarri came in January, and Fran- cisco Gonzales de Ybarra came in 1820. From 1815 to 1820 Victoria seems to have been the only active priest at this Mission.


An earthquake December 21, 1812, did some slight damage to the mis- sion church buildings, causing the placing of thirty new beams to support the walls. During 1818 and a few years before that, a large number of neo- phytes deserted the Mission, the greatest population of which was in 1819, when there were 1,080. Soon after 1821, complaint was made that the soldiers behaved badly, selling liquors to the Indians thereabouts. In no respect was this mission longer prosperous, showing a decline in live-stock and agriculture. The amount of supplies furnished to the soldiers in . 1822-27 was $21,203.




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