USA > California > Los Angeles County > History of Los Angeles county, Volume I > Part 5
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Walworth, Mrs. Charles M., II, 471
Ward, Herbert L., III, 63
Ward, Victor L., II, 56
Vasey, Albert W., III, 472
Wardlaw, Charles T., II, 487
Vaughan, Earney B., III, 478
Vawter, Mrs. C. A., I, 408
Vawter, E. J., I, 408
Vawter, Edwin J., III, 365
Vawter, Eva, III, 365
Warner, Don Juan, I, 3
Warner, Elwin P., III, 369
Venice, I, 17
Warner, J. J., I, 7, 169
Venice banks, I, 57
Warner, Whitsel & Company, III, 369
Venice, Canal (illustration), I, 26
Warner, William H., II, 24
Warren, Charles S., I, 118
Warwick, Mrs. George N., II, 230
Washburn, W. J., I, 283
Water Board, I, 276
Venice High School, III, 128
Venice News, I, 114
Venice Scenes (illustrations), I, 440 Venice Township, I, 16
Water supply, I, 191
Venice Vanguard, I, 114
Water supply system, San Gabriel, I, 403 Waterman, Isaiah J., III, 20
Watson, Harry B., III, 245
Watson, James A., I, 73
Watson, Mary C., II, 191
Watson, Minnie H., II, 337
Watts, I, 17; population, 23; banks, 54, 57
Watts, I, 494, 495
Watts, Charles H., I, 407
Wattson, Henry A., II, 149
Wattson, Mary A., II, 150
Weaver, Blanche, II, 157
Weaver, Caroline B., II, 177
Weaver, Martha C., II, 155
Weaver, William K., II, 176
Weberg, Karl J., II, 324 Weberg, Emma A., II, 324
Volunteer Fire Company, Angeles, 1873, I, 199 Votaw, Elmer J., III, 47
Los
Webster, Elmer E., III, 33 Weddington, Fred, III, 350 Weekly Rescue, I, 111
Vack, Albert, II, 494
Valdez, Antonio, I, 174
Valdez, Lucian, I, 279
Valencia orange production, I, 477 Vallejo, M. G., I, 9
Walnut growing (illustrations), I, 472 Walnuts, I, 477
Van Nuys, I. N., I, 186
Van Nuys News, I, 114
Van Waters, Miriam, II, 136
Wardman, Aubrey, III, 62 Waring, John L., III, 371 Warner, Alfred, II, 25
Warner, Bion S., II, 468
Venice Canal (illustration), I. 441 Venice, population, I, 441; libraries, 442; churches, 442; city incorpo- rated, 442; city officials, 442.
Water distribution, first laying of iron pipe, I, 196
Water problem, I, 273
Verbeck, Blanche A. S. H., III, 44
Vernon, population, I, 23
Vetter, Joseph W., II, 518
Vickers, Myra B., II, 208
Views on Verdugo Road (illustration), I, 468 Vigare, Juan, III, 233
Vigare, Luz (Gonzales), III, 234
Vigilance Committees, I, 64
Vignes, Hippolite, II, 169
Vignes, Hannah W., II, 169
Vignes, Louis, I, 30, 33
Viney, Alvin W., II, 33
Viscano, Sebastian, I, 258
Vocational Schools, I, 284 Vogan, Allen G., II, 156 Volkmor, William, II, 117
Vejar, Ricardo, I, 31, 177
xli
INDEX
Weeks, Henry, I, 281 Wegener, Louise B., II, 321
Whittier College, I, 115, 473
Whittier district, I, 477
Wegener, Oscar G. P., II, 321
Whittier National Bank, I, 46 Whittier News, I, 114 Whittier Pacific Friend, I, 114
Wells, Fargo & Company, 1, 191
Wells, George W., II, 396
Wells, Richard H., III, 510
Welsh, Joseph, II, 38
Wendt, Julia B., II, 218 Wendt, William, II, 218
Widney, J. P., I, 169
West, Samuel H., III, 248
Widney, Robert M., I, 74
West Adams Park, Los Angeles
(illustration), I, 14
Wiggins, Archie N., III, 228
Westergard, William, III, 308
Wiggins, Frank, I, 353
1
Westlake Park, I, 338
Westlake School of Music, II, 318
Wharton, Charlotte C., II, 402
Wharton, Luther F., II, 401
Whealton, Louis N., III, 476
Wheat, I, 23, 29, 197
Wheat, James E., II, 504
Wheeler, J. O., I, 308
Whipple, Mrs. Charles L., III, 175
Whipple, Clarence, II, 527
Whipple & McDonald, II, 527
White, David H., II, 94
Willis, Harper K., III, 170
Willmore City, I, 417
Wills, Yvonne D., III, 11 Wilmington, banks, I, 53, 57 Wilmington, I, 109, 193, 218, 444
Wilmington, I, 445; churches; 446; lodges, 446; newspaper, 446; library, 446; first called "San Pedro New Town," I, 446; then "New San Pe- dro," I, 446 Wilmington Express, I, 114
Wilmington Journal, I, 114, 446
Wilson, Annie, I, 186 Wilson, Atlas L., III, 36
Wilson, B. D., I, 7, 9, 170, 171, 186, 225, 245, 246, 325, 370 Wilson, Benjamin D., I, 31, 171
Wilson, Bingham T., III, 415 Wilson, Catherine A., III, 36 Wilson, Christopher N., I, 78
Wilson, Emmett H., I, 283
Wilson, Jim, III, 327
Wilson, John T., III, 141
Wilson, Mary A., II, 150 Wilson, R. D., I, 31 Windham, Charles H., II, 10 Wine, I, 165 Wine industry, I, 31 Wine making, I, 193 Wingard, Arthur J., III, 64 Wingert, Jefferson G., III, 212
Williams, Carle L., III, 319
Williams-Dimond Line, I, 262
Williams, E. A., III, 266
Williams, Hannah, II, 169
Williams, Isaac, I, 15, 171, 177
Williams, Jean, II, 532
Williams, John R., III, 417
Williams, Theodorick A., II, 130
Willis, Charles A., III, 313
Willis, George F., II, 56
White, Glade L., III, 292 White Home City, I, 504 White, James, I, 435
White, Richardson D., III, 408
White, Stephen M., I, 76, 200 White, Stephen M., III, 83 White, Thomas J., I, 31
White, T. J., I, 306 Whiting, Samuel, I, 12 Whitney, J. P., I, 298 Whitsel, John M., III, 370 Whitsett, William P., III, 235 Whittier, I, 17; population, 23; banks, 1, 46, 57 Whittier, pioneer oil fields at, I, 60 Whittier Street Scene (illustration). I, 476
Whittier, I, 473; Quakers' first settlers, 473; oil, 473; schools, 473; banks, 473; lodges, 473; industries, 474; newspapers, 474; churches, 474; lodges, 474; municipal history, 475; city officials, 475; parks, 475; hospi- tals, 475; library, 476; banks, 476; agricultural products, 476; schools, 474; fruit industry, 473-474 Whittier State School, I, 477 Whittier, John G., I, 474 Whittier Citrus Fruit Growers' Asso- ciation, I, 473
Whittier Savings Bank, I, 47
Whittier Township, I, 16
Whittier Vegetable Growers' Associa- tion, I, 473 Wicks, M. L., I, 37
Widney, R. M., I, 116, 186
Western Hardwood Lumber Com- pany, III, 506 Western Pacific Railroad, I, 36 Western Savings Bank, Long Beach, I, 45
Wild geese, I, 186
Wild oats, I, 179 Wilhart, Louis, I, 31, 64
Wilkey, Roscoe S., II, 405 Wilkinson & Scott Company, II, 65 Wilkinson, William B., II, 65
Weitz, Louis, II, 388 Wellborn, Olin, II, 228
xlii
INDEX
Winstead, George M., III, 393
Winston (Dr.), I, 306
Wireless telegraph, I, 218
Wirsching, Carlota V., II, 189
Wirsching, Robert E., II, 189
Wiseman, Ada P., III, 10
Wolfskill, William, I, 7, 30, 33, 169, 175, 177 Wolfskill, Will, I, 193
Woman's Twentieth Century Club, Eagle Rock, I, 469
Women in early days, customs, cloth- ing, I, 165 Wood, Arthur D., II, 48
Wood, Mrs. Charles M., II, 234
Wood, Francis G., III, 452
Wood, George H., III, 150
Wood, Louisa G., III, 302
Wood, William F., III, 301
Wood, Winifred E., III, 453
Woodard, Bert P., III, 402
Woodbury, Valentine, III, 527
Woodley, F. E., I, 19
Woods, James, I, 325
Woodward, Hattie, III, 106
Woodward, Theophilus H., III, 105
Wool boom, 1871-72, I, 199
Woolwine, T. L., I, 19
Workman Family, I, 7
Workman, George B., III, 460
Workman, W. H., I, 357
Workman, William, I, 170, 225, 248, 370, 376
Worsham, Margaret B., II, 105
Worsham, William G., II, 105
Wright, Corinne K., III, 246
Wright, Frank W., III, 101
Wright, Henry W., I, 19
Wright, Julian C., II, 521 Wright, William B., Jr., III, 423
Yale, Alford E. W., III, 341 Yank-na, I, 148
Yarnell, Jesse, I, 408
Yokohoma Specie Bank, Los Angeles, 1, 42 Yorba, Bernardo, I, 176
Yorba, Jose A., I, 232
Young, Andrew, III, 494
Young, Charles W., III, 514
Young, Edison J., III, 378
Young, Ewing, I, 169, 171
Young, Thomas C., III, 518
Young Men's Christian Association (illustration), I, 327
Young Men's Christian Association, Long Beach, I, 419
Young Men's Christian Association, Ocean Park, I, 441
Young Men's Christian Association Building, Pomona (illustration), I, 429 Young Women's Christian Association, Long Beach, I, 419 Yutahs, horse thieves, I, 175
Zalvadea, Jose M., I, 4, 5 "Zanjas," I, 191
Zehner, Edward D., III, 534
Zimmer, Mary S., III, 498
Zimmer, Nathan W., II, 440
Zimmer, William W., III, 498
Zinfandel grapes, I, 33
Zorraquinos, Juan, III, 238
Zorraquinos, Mary E., III, 239 Zunis, I, 130
G
SAN FERNANDO MISSION
History of Los Angeles County
CHAPTER I
DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT AND ORGANIZATION
It was only a half century after the discovery of America by Columbus that California was discovered by white men. It was during 1542, when Carbrillo, a Portuguese sailor, in Spanish ships under the flag of Spain, sailed up from Old Mexico, landing his little fleet of galleons in what is now famous as the harbor of San Diego and six days later he landed in the harbor of San Pedro, Los Angeles County of today. The exact date was September 28, A. D. 1542, or three hundred and eighty years ago. This great explorer, as if in the hands of Providence or Fate, after looking upon this fair country sailed here and there along the coast and in making back to the quiet shelter of Santa Barbara channel, he fell ill of a fever and died and was tenderly buried on the sunny isle of San Miguel, not realizing the vastness and importance of his discovery on the California coast. It should be remembered, too, that it was two hundred and thirty- nine years after the discovery of California that Los Angeles city was founded. The start toward Christian civilization in this county and com- monwealth was made in 1769-seven years prior to the Declaration of Independence by the Colonists of the Atlantic coast. It was during 1769 that we first learn of the renowned Fray Junipero Serra, that noble Fran- ciscan who planted the Cross of Christianity in the sunny valleys of which this volume will treat. In brief it may be stated that the Catholic Church came here to christianize the native Indians and to colonize California as a Spanish province. It was they who founded the numerous Missions up and down the coast in California, including famous San Gabriel of this county.
THE OLD CATHOLIC MISSIONS
The first three Missions determined upon by the authorities of the Catholic Church to be established within what is now California were San Diego, Monterey and San Buenaventura. The College of San Fernando furnished ten new priests for five additional missions to be established. On May 21, 1771, they arrived at Monterey on board the ship San Antonio. The five proposed missions were: San Gabriel, San Luis Obispo, San Antonio, Santa Clara and San Francisco. For the San Gabriel Mission,
Vol. I-1
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HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY
President Junipero Serra appointed the friars Angel Somera and Pedro Benito Cambon. At San Diego, there was some delay on account of the illness of some of the priests, as well as a few desertions from among the soldiers. Finally, on August 6th, Somera and Cambon, with an escort of ten soldiers and a supply train of mules under four muleteers-about twenty persons in the command-left San Diego for the purpose of found- ing the San Gabriel Mission, taking the general route now used by the present Santa Fe railway line from San Diego to Los Angeles. It had been designed to locate the Mission on the Santa Ana River, but not finding a suitable place, they went on to the San Miguel River, which later was called San Gabriel, from the Mission founded. Here they selected the site, still known as the Old Mission, where a few adobe ruins were standing only a few years ago. It was near an Indian village, eleven miles east of the city of Los Angeles, on lands later owned by Richard Garvey, which is a number of miles from the present Mission buildings and the city of San Gabriel, now made famous the world over by McGroarty's Mission Play, of which mention will be made later in this work. The Indians were quite numerous and at times very hostile, yet in a manner were drawn toward the white race and liked many of their superior qualities and cus- toms. On September 8, 1771, the Cross was raised and the regular cere- monies for such an occasion were enacted which constituted the founding of "San Gabriel Archangel." The Indians helped in the construction of the buildings of this Mission, consisting of the usual square stockade with the wooden houses and church building within the enclosure.
These temporary buildings and the site in general not proving suitable, the mission was removed in August, 1776, about one league, to the present site, and there a chapel was first built, but later was replaced by an adobe building one hundred and eight feet long and twenty feet wide. The present stone church was commenced in 1794 and completed about 1806, it being the fourth erected for this Mission. The Mission attained its greatest influence in about 1817, when there were 1,701 neophytes in the Mission fold. The largest grain crop ever harvested there was in 1821, when almost thirty thousand bushels of wheat were gathered. The number of Mission cattle was then 26,000. Historian Bancroft says of this Mission that the total number of baptisms was 7,854, of which 4,355 were Indian adults and 2,459 were Indian children. The deaths were 5,655, of which 2,916 were Indian adults and 2,363 Indian children. In 1834, the year in which the Missions were secularized, its neophyte population was 1,320.
The missionaries of San Gabriel founded a station at old San Ber- nardino about 1820. It was mostly an agricultural station and ranch head- quarters. The buildings there were destroyed by the Indians in 1834. Hugo Reid, who lived many years among the San Gabriel Indians, learned of them their first impressions of the Spaniards. He says: "The Indians were sadly afraid when they saw the Spaniards coming on horseback. Thinking them gods, the women ran to the brush, and hid themselves, while the men put out the fires in their huts. They remained still more impressed with this idea, when they saw one of their guests take up a flint, strike fire and commence smoking, having never seen it produced in this simple manner before. An occurrence, however, soon convinced them their strange visitors were, like themselves, mortals, for one of the Spaniards
3
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY
leveled his musket at a bird and killed it. Although greatly terrified at the report of the piece, yet the effect it produced of taking life led them to reason, and deduced the impossibility of the 'Giver of Life' to murder animals as they themselves did, with bows and arrows. They consequently put them down as human beings, 'of a nasty white color and having ugly blue eyes.' This party was a small one and soon left. They offered no violence, they were in consequence not disliked.
"The whites made them a number of presents prior to using any means to convert them ; the presents were never refused, but only those consisting of goods were put to any use whatever. All kinds and classes of foods and eatables were rejected and held in abhorrence. Instead, therefore, of partaking of them they were buried secretly in the woods. Two old Indians, not long since dead (1889), related to me the circumstance of having once assisted when boys to inter a quantity of frijol (an Indian corn) just received from the whites. Some length of time afterward, being out in the woods amusing themselves, they came where these articles had been deposited. Their surprise knew no bounds to now behold an infinity of stalks and plants unknown to them protruding through the earth which covered the seed. They communicated the fact at home; their story was verified by others, and the wizards duly pronounced the whites witch- crafts."
Don Juan Warner, a native of Connecticut, who came to Los Angeles in 1831, thus wrote in his History of Los Angeles County, published in 1876-Centennial year: "In less than sixty years from the founding of San Gabriel Mission, the herds of neat cattle, bands of horses, and flocks of sheep and goats, of the three Missions of this county, covered the major part of the land in Los Angeles County, and all that part of San Bernardino County lying south and west of the San Bernardino mountain range. The number of Indian converts in these three Missions was, in 1802, 2,674. In 1831 when these Missions had reached their highest prosperity the neophytes numbered more than four thousand. By the labor of the subjugated and converted Indians the missionaries planted orchards and vineyards and cultivated large fields of corn, wheat and barley, beans and other food vegetables. As soon after the founding of a mission as its circumstances would permit, a large pile of buildings in form of a quadrangle, composed of burnt brick, but chiefly of sun-dried ones, was erected around a spacious court. A large and capacious church, which usually occupied one of the outer corners of the quadrangle, was a neces- sary part of the pile.
"In this massive building covered with red tile, was the habitation of the friar, rooms for guests, and for the major-domos and their families, hospital wards, storehouses and granaries, rooms for the carding, weaving and spinning of woolen fabrics, shops for blacksmiths, joiners and car- penters, saddlers, shoemakers and soap boilers, and cellars for storing the products (wine and brandy) of the vineyards. Near the house of the friar and in front of the large building, another building of similar materials was placed and used as quarters for a small number-about a corporal's guard-of soldiers under command of a non-commissioned officer, to hold the Indian neophytes in check, as well as to protect the Mission from the attacks of hostile Indians. The soldiers at each Mission also acted as
.
4
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY
couriers, carrying from Mission to Mission the correspondence of the government officers and the friars. These small detachments of soldiers, which were stationed at each Mission, were furnished by one or the other of the military posts at San Diego or Santa Barbara, both of which were mili- tary garrisons. At an early period in the history of San Gabriel, a water- power mill for grinding wheat was constructed and put in operation, in front of and near the Mission building. At a later date a new grist mill was built by the Mission and placed about two miles west of the Mission proper. This was also operated by water-power. The building in which was placed this mill later formed a part of the residence of E. L. Mayberry. A water-power saw mill was also built by this Mission, and was located at the last mentioned grist mill. These were the only mills made or used in California, either for grinding or sawing, in which water was the motive power, or in which a wheel was used for more than half a century after the founding of the first Mission in Continental California. In these two grist-mills the revolving mill-stone was upon the upper end of a vertical shaft, and water-wheel on the lower end, so that the revolution of the stone was no more frequent than that of the water-wheel.
"Of the products or manufactures of those Missions, during the sover- ยท eignty of Spain over California, very little was exported, being mostly consumed by those who belonged to the Mission, or by the inhabitants of the town of Los Angeles, and the stock-breeders in the country adjacent."
The great earthquake in 1812, which overthrew the church at San Juan Capistrano, was also felt at San Gabriel. The church building was cracked, the steeple fell and images inside were broken ; the friars' residence was also materially injured.
It was under the rule of Father Jose Maria Zalvadea, who came from the San Fernando Mission in 1806, that the Mission here attained its greatest prosperity. One historian describes him as being "a man of powerful mind, ambitious as powerful and cruel as ambitious." It was he who planted the vineyards, intersected with fine walks, shaded by fruit trees of every description, and rendered still more lovely by interspersed shrubs. He laid out the handsome orange gardens, fruit and olive orchards ; built the mill and mill-dam ; made fences and placed hedges of rose bushes round the fields, and especially at Mission Square, where he had a famous flower garden in which was a sun dial and a charming fountain supplied with waters from a far-away source. He set down new rules and said everything must be in its right place. "Everything under him was organi- zation and that organization was kept up by the lash, if need be."
But it must be said of him that he introduced many useful industries. One writer describes his work as including large soap works, tanning yards, tallow works, bakery, cooper shops, blacksmith shops, carpenter shops, large spinning rooms, where might be seen fifty or sixty women turning their spindles merrily, and looms for weaving wool, flax, and cotton. Then large store rooms were allotted to the various articles, which were kept separate. For example-wheat, barley, peas, beans, lentils, chick, peas, butter and cheese, soap, candles, wool, leather, flour, lime, salt, horse-hair, wine and spirits, fruit stores, etc. Sugar-cane and hemp were added to the other articles cultivated, but cotton and wool were usually imported.
In 1814 the Mission numbered 175 inhabitants of "Razon" or intelligent white Europeans. In 1812 a private school was founded at San Gabriel.
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY
In 1832 the California Missions were all confiscated by the Mexica? government. They were placed in the hands of a secular commission. They were then plundered and devastated, during the period between that . year and the year of "restoration" to the Franciscans in 1843. In 1845, only 250 Indians remained in the San Gabriel community, the larger num- ber having been scattered by the confiscation of the Missions and their property allotment. At the date of restoration there were only 72 head of cattle and 700 head of sheep on the San Gabriel lands. In June, 1846, the Mission was sold to Reed & Workman by the Mexicans, for past aid and services rendered, but later their title was decided invalid.
The publication entitled "The Old Missions of California" says: "San Gabriel suffered sadly from the cruel blow of secularization, admin- istered, as it was, at a time wholly premature and ill-advised. Seculariza- tion was but a synonym for destruction. Such was the fate of San Gabriel, the fairest of the Franciscan possessions, the generous monastery whose portals were open to all the wanderers of its time."
Additional information relative to this interesting Mission will be found in the section of this work on the Cities and Towns of the county, where San Gabriel will be again mentioned.
THE SAN FERNANDO MISSION
The San Fernando Mission was the second to be established within Los Angeles County and was founded September 8, 1797, under plans similar to those under which were established all other Missions in this state. Its foundation was effected by the labors of President Lasuen, assisted by Francisco Dumetz, at a site of lands owned by one Reyes. The mission was established with the customary religious ceremonies, in the presence of the soldiers and a great multitude of the natives. The Mission was dedicated "by instructions from Mexico" (of course) to San Fernando, King of Spain.
Francisco Javier Uria was associate priest with Dumetz, and both served till 1800, or possibly later. Ten children were baptized the first day, and thirteen adults had been added to the list early in October. In 1797 there were fifty-five neophytes on the baptismal register. In 1810 there were 310 baptisms and about seventy deaths at the mission. The number of cattle, mules and horses in 1800 was 526, and of sheep 600. In 1799 there were 1,200 bushels of wheat, corn and barley raised, and the total yield for the three years 1798-1800 was 4,700 bushels.
The adobe church was completed and consecrated in December, 1806. The ruins of this church were easily observed by the passer-by in 1895. The founder, Francisco Dumetz, left in 1802, but was again in charge until December, 1806, when Nicholas Lazaro and Jose Maria Zalvidea (later of the San Gabriel Mission) arrived at San Fernando and remained until he was transferred, as above noted, to a greater field at San Gabriel, where he ruled with great potency for twenty years. The various priests in charge at San Fernando Mission included these: Francisco Dumetz, Nicholas Lazaro, Jose Maria Zalvidea, Jose Antonio Uria, Pedro Munoz, Martin Landeata (who died in 1810), Jose Antonio Urresti. The last named died in 1812, and Pedro Munoz left the country in 1817. He was succeeded by Marcos Antonio Victoria, serving from 1818 to 1821, and
6
HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY
Urresti was succeeded by Joaquin Pascual Nuez and Vincente Pascual Oliva, from 1812 to 1814. Roman Ullibarri came in January, and Fran- cisco Gonzales de Ybarra came in 1820. From 1815 to 1820 Victoria seems to have been the only active priest at this Mission.
An earthquake December 21, 1812, did some slight damage to the mis- sion church buildings, causing the placing of thirty new beams to support the walls. During 1818 and a few years before that, a large number of neo- phytes deserted the Mission, the greatest population of which was in 1819, when there were 1,080. Soon after 1821, complaint was made that the soldiers behaved badly, selling liquors to the Indians thereabouts. In no respect was this mission longer prosperous, showing a decline in live-stock and agriculture. The amount of supplies furnished to the soldiers in . 1822-27 was $21,203.
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