USA > California > Sacramento County > History of Sacramento County, California, with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the county who have been identified with its growth and development from the early days to the present, 1913 > Part 4
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Olives thrive and bear profitable crops in Sacramento county, where there are many orchards of them. As fine a quality of oil as is to he found in the state is made at Fair Oaks, and both there and in several other places is the business of pickling the ripe olive made a paying industry.
We are indebted to Nathaniel R. Taylor, local forecaster of the United States Weather Bureau in this city, for very valuable data concerning the climate and rainfall in this country from 1849 until the present time. We often hear persons make the assertion that our climate is changing; that this thing or that is not as it was forty or fifty years ago. While it is true that there is a different amount of rainfall and temperature during individual years, it will be seen that taken in cycles of five or ten years, the average weather of the seasons shows but little variation, and there is no great amount of change for
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
the past fifty years. The increase in irrigation which has been made during the past few years, and which will increase rapidly within the next decade may make a perceptible change in the course of time, as the creation of the Salton sea has brought about an increased rainfall in the southern part of the state, but as yet no noticeable change has occurred here. As will be seen by the foregoing table, our climate is if anything better than the vaunted climate of Italy and is not mate- rially different from that of Los Angeles, upon which so much stress is laid by the inhabitants of the south. Taken all in all, the climate of our glorious state is unequaled by that of any similar extent of country in the world, and the Californian who desires a change of climate can easily obtain it in a few hours, without leaving his own state.
As will be seen by the table of absolute maximum and absolute minimum temperature for the last thirty years, taken in cycles of ten years, the average maximum for the ten years from 1881 to 1891, in- clusive, is 103.4'; that from 1891 to 1901 is 104.2'; and that from 1901 to 1911 is 103.6'. On the other side, the average minimum from 1881 to 1891 was 26.5'; from 1891 to 1901, it was 27.6'; and from 1901 to 1911 it was 29.4'.
The following table gives the monthly, seasonal and annual rain- fall from 1849 to January 1, 1912, and will be found a very valuable one for reference. As will be seen by it, the average seasonal rainfall for the sixty-two years is 19.48 inches, and the annual rainfall is 19.24 inches.
Sacramento rainfall, monthly, seasonal and annnal, 1849-1911:
1849-50 .- July, 0; Angnst, 0; September, 0.25; October, 1.50; No- vember, 2.25; December, 12.50; January, 4.50; February, 0.50; March, 10.00; April, 4.25; May, 0.25; June, 0; seasonal, 36.00; year, 1850; annual, 19.50.
1850-51 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, 0; October, 0; No- vember, T .; December, T .; Jannary, 0.65; February, 0.35; March, 1.88; April, 1.14; May, 0.69; June, 0; seasonal, 4.71; year, 1851; annual, 15.10.
1851-52 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, 1.00; October, 0.18; No- vember, 2.14; December, 7.07; January, 0.58; February, 0.12; March, 6.40; April, 0.19; May, 0.30; June, 0; seasonal, 17.98; year, 1852; annnal, 26.99.
1852-53 .- July, T .; Angust, 0; September, T .; October, 0; No- vember, 6.00; December, 13.40; January, 3.00; February, 2.00; March, 7.00; April, 3.50; May, 1.45; June, T .; seasonal, 36.35; year, 1853; annual, 19.99.
1853-54 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, T .; No- vember, 1.50; December, 1.54; January, 3.25; February, 8.50; March, 3.25; April, 1.50; May, 0.21; June, 0.31; seasonal, 20.06; year, 1854; annual, 19.83.
2
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
1854-55 .- July, 0; August, T .; September, T .; October, 1.01; No- vember, 0.65; December, 1.15; January, 2.67; February, 3.46; March, 4.20; April, 4.32; May, 1.15; June, 0.01; seasonal, 18.62; year, 1855; annnal, 18.56.
1855-56 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 0; No- vember, 0.75; December, 2.00; January, 4.92; February, 0.69; March, 1.40; April, 2.13; May, 1.84; June, 0.03; seasonal, 13.76; year, 1856; annnal, 14.26.
1856-57 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 0.20; No- vember, 0.65; December, 2.40; Jannary, 1.38; February, 4.80; March, 0.68; April, T .; May, T .; June, 0.35; seasonal, 10.46; year, 1857; annual, 12.91.
1857-58 .- July, 0; August, T .; September, 0; October, 0.66; No- vember, 2.41; December, 2.63; January, 2.44; February, 2.46; March, 2.88; April, 1.21; May, 0.20; Jne, 0.10; seasonal, 14.99; year, 1858; annual, 16.80.
1858-59 .- July, 0.01; August, T .; September, T .; October, 3.01; November, 0.15; December, 4.34; January, 0.96; February, 3.91; March, 1.64; April, 0.98; May, 1.04; June, 0; seasonal, 16.04; year, 1859; annual, 16.86.
1859-60 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, 0.02; October, 0; No- vember, 6.48; December, 1.83; January, 2.31; February, 0.93; March, 5.11; April, 2.87; May, 2.49; June, 0.02; seasonal, 22.06; year, 1860; annual, 19.79.
1860-61 .- July, 0.63; August, 0; September, 0.06; October, 0.91; November, 0.18; December, 4.28; January, 2.67; February, 2.92; March, 3.32; April, 0.48; May, 0.59; Jnne, 0.14; seasonal, 16.18; year, 1861; annual, 21.48.
1861-62 .- July, 0.55; August, 0; September, 0; October, T .; No- vember, 2.17; December, 8.64; January, 15.04; February, 4.26; March, 2.80; April, 0.82; May, 1.81; June, 0.01; seasonal, 36.10; year, 1862; annual, 27.44.
1862-63 .- July, 0; Angust, 0.01; September, 0; October, 0.36; No- vember, T .; December, 2.33; January, 1.73; February, 2.75; March, 2.36; April, 1.69; May, 0.36; Jnne, 0; seasonal, 11.59; year, 1863; annnal, 12.20.
1863-64 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 0; No- vember, 1.49; December, 1.82; January, 1.08; February, 0.19; March, 1.30; April, 1.08; May, 0.74; Jnne, 0.09; seasonal, 7.79; year, 1864; annual, 19.27.
1864-65 .- July, 0; August, 0.08; September, T .; October, 0.12; November, 6.72; December, 7.87; Jannary, 4.78; February, 0.71; March, 0.48; April, 1.37; May, 0.46; June, 0; seasonal, 22.59; year, 1865; annual, 11.15.
1865-66 .- July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.08; October, 0.48; No- vember, 2.43; December, 0.36; January, 7.70; February, 2.01; March,
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
2.02; April, 0.48; May, 2.25; June, 0.10; seasonal, 17.91; year, 1866; annual, 26.52.
1866-67 .- July, 0.02; August, 0; September, 0; October, T .; No- vember, 2.43; December, 9.51; January, 3.44; February, 7.10; March, 1.01; April, 1.80; May, 0.01; June, 0; seasonal, 25.32; year, 1867; annual, 30.03.
1867-68 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, 0.01; October, 0; No- vember, 3.81; December, 12.85; January, 6.04; February, 3.15; March, 4.35; April, 2.31; May, 0.27; June, T .; seasonal, 32.79; year, 1868; annual, 19.50.
1868-69 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, 0; October, 0; No- vember, 0.77; December, 2.61; January, 4.79; February, 3.63; March, 2.94; April, 1.24; May, 0.65; June, 0.01; seasonal, 16.64; year, 1869; annual, 18.19.
1869-70 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 2.12; No- vember, 0.85; December, 1.96; January, 1.37; February, 3.24; March, 1.64; April, 2.12; May, 0.27; June, T .; seasonal, 13.57; year, 1870; annual, 10.21.
1870-71 .- July, T .; August, T .; September, 0; October, 0.02; No- vember, 0.58; December, 0.97; January, 2.08; February, 1.92; March, 0.69; April, 1.45; May, 0.76; June, T .; seasonal, 8.47; year, 1871; annual, 18.92.
1871-72 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 0.21; No- vember, 1.22; December, 10.59; January, 4.04; February, 4.74; March, 1.94; April, 0.61; May, 0.28; June, 0.02; seasonal, 23.65; year, 1872; annual, 19.17.
1872-73 .- July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 0.22; No- vember, 1.93; December, 5.39; January, 1.23; February, 4.36; March, 0.55; April, 0.51; May, 0; June, T .; seasonal, 14.19; year, 1873; annual, 18.20.
1873-74 .- July, 0.02; August, T .; September, 0; October, 0.31; November, 1.21; December, 10.01; January, 5.20; February, 1.86; March, 3.05; April, 0.99; May, 0.37; June, T .; seasonal, 22.92; year, 1874; annual, 17.92.
1874-75 .- July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.05; October, 2.26; November, 3.80; December, 0.44; January, 8.70; February, 0.55; March, 0.80; April, T .; May, T .; June, 1.10; seasonal, 17.70; year, 1875; annual, 23.31.
1875-76-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0; October, 0.44; Novem- ber, 6.20; December, 5.52; January, 4.99; February, 3.75; March, 4.15; April, 1.10; May, 0.15; June, 0; seasonal, 26.30; year, 1876; annual. 18.12.
1876-77-July, 0.21; August, 0.02; September, T .; October, 3.45; November, 0.30; December, 0; January, 2.77; February, 1.01; March, 0.56; April, 0.19; May, 0.64; June, 0.01; seasonal, 9.19; year, 1877; annual, 8.44.
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
1877-78-July, T .; August, T .; September, 0; October, 0.73; Nov- ember, 1.07; December, 1.43; January, 9.26; February, 8.04; March, 3.09; April, 1.07; May, 0.17; June, 0; seasonal, 24.86; year, 1878; annual, 23.45.
1878-79-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0.29; October, 0.55, Nov- ember, 0.51; December, 0.47; January, 3.18; February, 3.88; March, 4.88; April, 2.66; May, 1.30; June, 0.13; seasonal, 17.85; year, 1879; annual, 22.37.
1879-80-July, T .; August, T .; September, 0; October, 0.88; Nov- ember, 2.05; December, 3.41; January, 1.64; February, 1.83; March, 1.70; April, 14.20; May, 0.76; June, 0; seasonal, 26.47; year, 1880; annual, 31.99.
1880-81-July, T .; August, 0; September, 0;October, 0; Novem- ber, 0.05; December, 11.81; January, 6.14; February, 5.06; March, 1.37; April, 1.64; May, T .; June, 0.50; seasonal, 26.57; year, 1881; annual, 20.71.
1881-82-July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.30; October, 0.55; Nov- ember, 1.88; December, 3.27; January, 1.89; February, 2.40; March, 3.78; April, 1.99; May, 0.35; June, 0.10; seasonal, 16.51; year, 1882; annual, 18.06.
1882-83-July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.57; October, 2.63; Nov- ember, 3.22; December, 1.13; January, 2.23; February, 1.11; March, 3.70; April, 0.67; May, 2.85; June, 0; seasonal, 18.11; year, 1883; annual, 13.48.
1883-84-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0.90; October, 0.97; Nov- ember, 0.61; December, 0.44; January, 3.43; February, 4.46; March, 8.14; April, 4.32; May, 0.06; June, 1.45; seasonal, 24.78; year, 1884; annual, 34.92.
1884-85-July, 0; August, T .; September, 0.60; October, 2.01, Nov- ember, 0; December, 10.45; January, 2.16; February, 0.49; March, 0.08; April, 0.68; May, T .; June, 0.11; seasonal, 16.58; year, 1885; annual, 20.72.
1885-86-July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.08; October, 0.02; Nov- ember, 11.34; December, 5.76; January, 7.95; February, 0.29; March, 2.68; April, 4.08; May, 0.07; June, 0; seasonal, 32.27; year, 1886; annual, 18.17.
1886-87-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0; October, 0.68; Nov- ember, 0.21; December, 2.21; January, 1.12; February, 6.28; March, 0.94; April, 2.53; May, T .; June, 0; seasonal, 13.97; year, 1887; annual, 13.43.
1887-88-July, 0; August, T .; September, 0.02; October, 0; Nov- ember, 0.45; December, 2.09; January, 4.81; February, 0.57; March, 3.04; April, 0.10; May, 0.40; June, 0.08; seasonal, 11.56; year, 1888; annual, 18.46.
1888-89-July, T .; August, T .; September, 0.55; October, 0; Nov- ember, 4.28; December, 4.63; January, 0.15; February, 0.33; March, 6.25; April, 0.26; May, 3.25; June, 0.25; seasonal, 19.95; year, 1889; annual, 27.48.
1889-90-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0; October, 6.02; Nov- ember, 3.15; December, 7.82; January, 6.62; February, 4.06; March,
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
3.00; April, 1.33; May, 1.80; June, 0; seasonal, 33.80; year, 1890; annual, 20.95.
1890-91-July, 0; August, T .; September, 0.80; October, T .; Nov- ember, 0; December, 3.34; January, 0.53; February, 6.61; March, 1.78; April, 2.04; May, 0.66; June, 0.05; seasonal, 15.81; year, 1891; annual, 15.63.
1891-92-July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.10; October, 0.10; Nov- ember, 0.48; December, 3.28; January, 1.78; February, 2.84; March, 3.02; April, 1.20; May, 2.38; June, T .; seasonal, 15.18; year, 1892; annual, 23.60.
1892-93-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0.18; October, 0.70; Nov- ember, 6.60, December, 4.90; January, 3.27; February, 2.66; March, 3.51; April, 1.08; May, 1.05; June, 0; seasonal, 23.95; year, 1893; annual, 16.59.
1893-94-July, T .; August, T .; September, 0.22; October, 0.12; Nov- ember, 2.92; December, 1.76; January, 4.17; February, 3.92; March 0.74; April, 0.34; May, 1.70; June, 0.46; seasonal, 16.35; year, 1894; annual, 22.61.
1894-95-July, T .; August, T .; September, 0.88; October, 1.06; Nov- ember, 0.48; December, 8.86; January, 8.42; February, 1.84; March, 1.20; April, 0.86; May, 0.51; June, 0; seasonal, 24.11; year, 1895; annual, 17.38.
1895-96-July, 0.04; August, T .; September, 1.26; October, 0.17; November, 1.54; December, 1.54; January, 9.76; February, 0.09; March, 2.57; April, 5.34; May, 0.92; June, 0; seasonal, 23.23; year, 1896; annual, 25.06.
1896-97-July, T .; August, 0.20; September, 0.31; October, 0.55; November, 3.56; December, 1.76; January, 3.66; February, 4.15; March. 2.54; April, 0.25; May, 0.30; June, 0.04; seasonal, 17.32; year, 1897; annual, 15.32.
1897-98-July, 0; August, 0.01; September, 0.16; October, 1.96; Nov- ember, 0.61; December, 1.64; January, 0.98; February, 3.19; March, 0.04; April, 0.28; May, 1.50; June, 0.14; seasonal, 10.51; year, 1898; annual, 10.04.
1898-99-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0.36; October, 0.64; November, 0.61; December, 2.30; January, 3.94; February, 0.04; March, 6.02; April, 0.10; May, 0.54; June, 0.49; seasonal, 15.04; year, 1899: annual, 21.14.
1899-00-July, 0; August, 0.02; September, 0; October, 4.46; Nov ember, 2.62; December, 2.91; January, 3.54; February, 0.32; March, 1.61, April, 1.88; May, 2.88; June, T .; seasonal, 20.24; year, 1900: annual, 17.91.
1900-01-July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.06; October, 1.74; Nov ember, 4.50; December, 1.38; January, 3.70; February, 5.32; March, 0.48; April, 2.23; May, 0.80; June, T .; seasonal, 20.21; year, 1901; annual, 18.52.
1901-02-July, 0; August, T .; September, 0.56; October, 1.56; Nov- ember, 2.68; December, 1.19; January, 0.95; February, 6.52; March. 1.99; April, 1.36; May, 0.45; June, 0.01; seasonal, 17.27; year, 1902; annual, 17.88.
1902-03-July, 0; August, T .; September, 0; October, 1.67; Nov-
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
ember, 2.02; December, 2.91; January, 3.05; February, 1.70; March, 4.81; April, 0.46; May, T .; June, T .; seasonal, 16.62; year, 1903; annual, 14.70.
1903-04-July, 0; Angust, 0; September, 0; October, 0.12; Nov- ember, 3.44; December, 1.12; January, 0.45; February, 5.26; March; 5.43; April, 1.02; May, 0.03; June, T .; seasonal, 16.87; year, 1904; annual, 20.99.
1904-05-July, T .; August, 0.07; September, 3.62; October, 1.86; November 2.05; December, 1.20; Jannary, 3.33; February, 2.47; March, 3.75; April, 1.18; May, 2.45; June, 0; seasonal, 21.98; year, 1905; annual, 14.97.
1905-06-July, 0; August, T .; September, 0.03; October, 0; Nov- ember, 1.20; December, 0.56; January, 6.63; February, 3.02; March, 8.45; April, 1.21; May, 2.24; June, 0.59; seasonal, 23.93; year, 1906; annual, 30.70.
1906-07-July, 0; August, T .; September, 0.20; October, T .; Nov- ember, 0.99; December, 7.37; January, 4.63; February, 2.37; March, 7.28; April, 0.25; May, 0.10; June, 0.85; seasonal, 24.04; year, 1907; annual, 20.05.
1907-08-July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 1.20; Nov- ember, 0.04; December, 3.33; January, 3.84; February, 2.75 March, 0.42; April, 0.08; May, 0.54; June, T .; seasonal, 12.20; year. 1908; annual, 11.21.
1908-09-July, T .; August, 0; September, 0.05; October, 0.26; Nov- ember, 1.23; December, 2.04; January, 9.65; February. 6.68; March, 1.84; April, T .; May, T .; June, 0.03; seasonal,, 21.78; year. 1909; annual, 24.87.
1909-10-July, 0; August, 0; September, 0.21; October, 1.27; Nov- ember, 1.32; December, 3.87; January, 1.48; February, 0.83; March, 3.06; April, 0.11; May, 0.03; June, T .; seasonal, 12.18; year. 1910; annual, 7.78.
1910-11-July, T .; Angust, 0; September, 0.20; October, 0.28; Nov- ember; 0.17; December, 1.62; January, 12.72; February, 1.88; March, 4.30; April, 0.66; May, 0.03; June, 0.12; seasonal, 21.98; year. 1911; annual, 21.11.
1911-12-July, 0; August, 0; September, T .; October, 0.18; Nov- ember, 0.15; December, 1.07; January, 0; February, 0; March, 0; April, 0; May, 0; June, 0; seasonal, 0; year, 1912; annual, 0;
Means (62 years), July, 0.02; August, 0.01; September, 0.22; Oct- ober, 0.83; November, 2.02; December, 3.95; January, 3.96; February, 2.89; March, 3.00; April, 1.58; May, 0.80; June, 0.12; seasonal, 19.48; annual, 19.24.
TEMPERATURES
Following is a table of absolute maximum and minimum tempera- tures since 1878:
Year, 1878: Absolute maximum, 100 in August; absolute minimum, 24 in December.
Year, 1879 : Absolute maximum, 103 in August ; absolute minimum, 25 in December.
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
Year, 1880: Absolute maximum, 98 in July; absolute minimum, 25 in January.
Year, 1881: Absolute maximum, 98 in July; absolute minimum, 32 in November and December.
Year. 1882: Absolute maximum, 100 in August and September; absolute minimum, 27 in December.
Year, 1883: Absolute maximum, 104 in July; absolute minimum, 22 in January and February.
Year, 1884: Absolute maximum, 100 in Angust; absolute mini- mum, 21 in February.
Year, 1885: Absolute maximum, 105 in August; absolute mini- mum, 34 in January.
Year, 1886: Absolute maximum, 105 in July; absolute minimum, 28 in January.
Year, 1887 : Absolute maximum, 100 in June, August and Sep- tember; absolute minimum, 28 in November.
Year, 1888: Absolute maximum, 108 in Angust ; absolute minimum, 19 in January.
Year, 1889: Absolute maximum, 104 in July, absolute minimum, 31 in January and February.
Year, 1890: 29 in January.
Absolute maximum, 102 in July; absolute minimum,
Year, 1891: Absolute maximum, 106 in June, July and August ; absolute minimum, 26 in December.
Year, 1892: Absolute maximum, 106 in August; absolute mini- mum, 26 in December.
Year, 1893: Absolute maximum, 103 in July; absolute minimum, 28 in December. Year, 1894: Absolute maximum, 108 in August; absolute mini- mum, 26 in December.
Year, 1895: Absolute maximum, 102 in June; absolute minimum, 28 in December. Year, 1896: Absolute maximum, 104 in July, absolute minimum, 28 in January. Year, 1897 : Absolute maximum, 105 in July; absolute minimum, Absolute maximum, 110 in August, absolute mini- 28 in December. Year, 1898: mum, 26 in Jannary.
Year, 1899: Absolute maximum, 102 in July; absolute minimum, 30 in February. Year, 1900: Absolute maximum, 102 in August; absolute mini- mum, 30 in December.
Year, 1901: Absolute maximum, 105 in August; absolute mini- mum, 26 in January.
Year, 1902: Absolute maximum, 107 in July; absolute minimum, 29 in January.
Year, 1903: Absolute maximum, 102 in September ; absolute mini- muni, 29 in January.
Year, 1904: Absolute maximunı, 102 in September, absolute mini- mum, 32 in January.
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HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
Year, 1905: Absolute maximum, 110 in July; absolute minimum, 28 in December.
Year, 1906: 30 in December. Year, 1907 : Absolute maximum, 104 in July, absolute minimum, Absolute maximum, 99 in August ; absolute minimum, 31 in Jannary. Year, 1908: mum, 28 in December. Absolute maximum, 103 in August; absolute mini- Year, 1909: Absolute maximum, 101 in July; absolute minimum, 29 in December. Year, 1910: Absolute maximum, 103 in May; absolute minimum,
28 in January. Year, 1911:
Absolute maximum, 100 in July; absolute minimum,
30 in December.
The following tables will be found of interest in relation to climate :
TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND PERCENTAGE OF SUNSHINE.
Average Conditions by Months
Humidity 24 years. Sunshine mean for 5 years.
January: Humidity, 5 a. m., 86; 5 p. m .. 71; per cent of sunshine, 37 ; hours of sunshine, 111.5.
February : Humidity, 5 a. m., 83; 5 p. m., 61 ; per cent of sunshine, 54; hours of sunshine, 162.2.
March: Humidity, 5 a. m., 81; 5 p. m., 55 ; per cent of sunshine, 63; hours of sunshine, 234.5.
April: Humidity, 5 a. m., 79; 5 p. m., 46; per cent of sunshine, 81; hours of sunshine, 323.4.
May: Humidity, 5 a. m., 78; 5 p. m., 44; per cent of sunshine, 83; hours of sunshine, 368.0.
June : Humidity, 5 a. m., 75; 5 p. m., 38; per cent of sunshine, 87; hours of sunshine, 390.4.
July : Humidity, 5 a. m., 75; 5 p. m., 34; per cent of sunshine. 96; hours of sunshine, 434.3.
August : Humidity, 5 a. m., 75; 5 p. m., 35 ; per cent of sunshine, 96; hours of sunshine, 405.4.
September: Humidity, 5 a. m., 72; 5 p. m., 36; per cent of sunshine, 88; hours of sunshine, 329.3.
October: Humidity, 5 a. m., 74; 5 p. m., 43; per cent of sunshine, 77 ; hours of sunshine, 265.7.
November: Humidity, 5 a. m., 76; 5 p. m., 53; per cent of sunshine, 60; hours of sunshine, 180.0.
December : Humidity, 5 a. m., 82; 5 p. m., 40; per cent of sunshine, 38; hours of sunshine, 111.2.
EXTREME TEMPERATURES. 1878 to 1911, Inclusive.
Jannary: Absolute maximum, 72; year and date, 30, 1899; absolute minimum, 19; year and date, 14,1888.
29
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
February: Absolute maximum, 76; year and date, 28, 1889; abso- lute minimum, 21; year and date, 13, 1884.
March: Absolute maximum, 80; year and date, 30, 1882; absolute minimum, 29; year and date, 15, 1880.
April: Absolute maximum, 89; year and date, 24, 1910; absolute minimum, 35; year and date, 4, 1901.
May: Absolute maximum, 103; year and date, 30,1910; absolute minimum, 39; year and date, 9, 1896.
June: Absolute maximum, 106; year and date, 30, 1891; absolute minimum, 44; year and date, 1, 1890.
July: Absolute maximum, 110; year and date, 8, 1905; absolute minimum, 47; year and date, 3, 1901.
August : Absolute maximum, 110; year and date, 11, 1898; absolute minimum, 48; year and date, 30, 1887.
September: Absolute maximum, 106; year and date, 11, 1888; abso- lute minimum, 44; year and date, 18, 1882.
October : Absolute maximum, 98; year and date, 3, 1885; absolute minimum, 36; year and date, 14, 1881.
November : Absolute maximum, 81 ; year and date, 5, 1898; absolute minimum, 27 ; year and date, 28, 1880.
December : Absolute maximum, 69 ; year and date, 8, 1893; absolute minimum, 24; year and date, 14, 1883.
EXTREMES OF WIND.
1895 to 1911, Inclusive.
January: Maximum velocity, 60; direction, Southeast; year, 1901 ; day, 3.
February: Maximum velocity, 60; direction, Southeast ; year, 1902; day, 25. March: Maximum velocity, 65; direction, Southeast; year, 1904; day, 10.
April: Maximum velocity, 46; direction, South; year, 1902; day. 7. May: Maximum velocity, 45; direction, Northwest; year, 1902; day. 18. June : Maximum velocity, 42; direction, Northwest; year, 1886; day, 12. July : Maximmun velocity, 40; direction, Northwest; year, 1903; day, 2.
August: Maximum velocity, 38; direction. Southwest; year, 1908; (lay, 9.
September : Maximum velocity, 40; direction, Northwest; year,
1903; day, 11. October : Maximum velocity, 48; direction, Sonth; year, 1834; day, 20. November: Maximum velocity, 48; direction, North; year, 1895; day, 22. December : Maximum velocity, 60; direction, Southeast ; year, 1894; day. 9.
30
HISTORY OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
CHAPTER IV GEN. JOHN A. SUTTER
No man's name is so intimately connected with the settlement of Sacramento city and connty as that of Gen. John A. Sutter, the first permanent white settler within its limits and the pioneer of civiliza- tion here. Born of Swiss parents, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, February 28, 1803, and educated there, he entered the French military service as captain under Charles X and remained there until he was thirty years of age. Embarking for New York, he arrived there in July, 1834, having come to select a place and prepare the way for a colony of his countrymen in the west. His first location was at St. Charles, Mo., but having lost his property through the sinking of a vessel, he abandoned the place. Leaving St. Louis, where he had stayed for a time, he went to New Mexico. There he met some hunters and trappers, who told him of Upper California, whither they had journeyed, of its fertile and beautiful valleys, its verdant foothills and its lofty mountain ranges, covered with magnificent pine and redwood forests. He at once resolved to go to this state and make it his future field of labor. There being no lines of steamers running to California ports, the only way of arriving here was to cross the plains and mountains with one of the trapping expeditions of the American or English fur companies. Accordingly, April 1, 1836, he joined Captain Tripp, of the American Fur Company, and traveled with him to the rendezvous in the Rocky Mountains .. Crossing the mountains with six horsemen, after a long and dangerous trip, he ar- rived at Fort Vancouver. Embarking on a vessel bound for the Sandwich Islands, he hoped to find an opportunity to sail thence to the Pacific Coast and sailed from the islands in a vessel bound for Sitka and from there down the coast. July 2, 1839, the vessel was driven by furious gales into the bay of Yerba Buena (as San Fran- cisco was then called), and there was boarded by a government officer with an armed force, who ordered him to leave, saying that Monterey, ninety miles-south, was the port of entry. Sutter, however, obtained leave to stay forty-eight hours in order to procure supplies.
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