USA > California > Sacramento County > History of Sacramento County, California, with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the county who have been identified with its growth and development from the early days to the present, 1913 > Part 43
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beaten, and work was stopped and never resumed on the building. The block was deeded back to the city and has been filled and con- verted into a beautiful park.
The project for building the Capitol rested until 1860, when the four blocks comprised between L and N, Tenth and Twelfth steets, containing 11.90 acres, was donated to the state by the city of Sacra- mento. A number of years later the six blocks lying between L and N, Twelfth and Fifteenth streets were purchased by the state for $100,000, so that the Capitol Park now extends between L and N, from Tenth to Fifteenth streets, with a total area of 33.05 acres, including the streets between those boundaries. It is by all odds the finest Capitol Park in the United States, and is the admiration of all vis- itors to the city. The grounds are planted with trees of more than four hundred varieties, it is stated, and rare shrubs and trees from all over the world are to be found there.
The legislature in 1860 appropriated $500,000 for a Capitol building, and the plans of M. F. Butler were adopted, and Michael Fennell of San Francisco secured the contract for furnishing the material and constructing the basement for $80,000. The cornerstone was laid with imposing Masonic ceremonies on May 15, 1861. Fen- nell had abandoned the contract on May 1st, and it was afterwards let to G. W. Blake and P. E. Conner, who in turn, having suffered some losses during the great flood, abandoned their contract. The work was then turned over to the commissioners, who worried along for several years because the various legislatures could not agree on the amount of appropriations that should be made for the work. Fin- ally in 1867 it was decided to finish the first story only with granite, and construct the rest of the building with brick, which was done, and the building was hurried to its completion. The brick is of excellent quality, however, and the work was done in the best manner. The building is modeled largely on the National Capitol at Washington, and is much admired for its stately proportions. The building was completed according to the original plans as amended, which left the attic and basement unfinished, in 1874. It was occupied first by the governor and the other state officers November 26, 1869. The supreme court met for the first time in the building December 3, 1869, and the legislature took formal possession of it December 6th of that year. The Sacramentans celebrated the occasion by firing a salute and a general display of flags. The cost of its construction was $2,600,000.
As stated, the basement and attic remained unfinished, but as the state grew, it became painfully apparent to the legislature and the state officers that the building was too small, or rather that the fin- ished portion of it was too small to accommodate the demand for space. Accordingly, in 1906-07-08, during the administrations of Gov- ernors Pardee and Gillett, the State Capitol Commission, composed of the governor, secretary of state and the state treasurer, expended
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$372,925, appropriated by the legislature for that purpose, in remod- eling the building, raising the roof and finishing the basement and attic, so that at present there are rooms sufficient. The building has been made as near fireproof as possible, the only woodwork remaining being the doors and windows, and some floors which are laid over brick and cement. The total cost of the Capitol as repaired was $2,972,925, and competent architects state that it could not be built now for less than $5,000,000.
The architecture of the structure is of the florid Roman-Corinthian style. It faces west and is of four. stories and basement. Its lengthi is three hundred and twenty feet and its greatest depth one hundred and sixty-four feet, and it covers 52,480 square feet. The rotunda, on the first floor, is 168.07 feet in circumference, and the ball on top of the dome is 247 feet higher than the street at the junction of Tenth and M streets.
A description of the Capitol could not be complete without men- tion of the beautiful group of statuary in the center of the rotunda, facing the entrance. It is the work of the famous American sculptor, Larkin Goldsmith Mead, and was bought by Darius Ogden Mills, one of the earliest bankers of Sacramento, for $30,000 in gold, and donated by him to the state of California. It represents Queen Isabella of Spain seated on her throne, while Columbus kneels beside her, holding a globe, with which he explains his theory of sailing westward around the earth to reach India. It represents the moment when, according to the historian Prescott, the queen, convinced by the navigator's argu- ments, exclaims, "I will assume the undertaking on behalf of the crown of Castile, and will pledge my jewels to defray the expenses of it, if the funds in the treasury shall be found inadequate." The writer once overheard a citizen explaining to a visitor that the group represented Columbus offering the world to the queen, which, after all, was not far from the mark.
The beautification of the park with trees and shrubbery began about 1869, at the time the building was occupied, and has continued ever since. During Governor Booth's term of office a Governor's mansion was completed in the northeast corner of the park, but as Governor Booth was living in single blessedness at the time, he never occupied it, and for various reasons his successors followed his ex- ample, so that several years afterwards it was converted into a state printing office and is still in use for that purpose. The printing for the legislative sessions, the state school text books, the various official reports and all the other work of the state in that line is done there, but the building will probably be torn down before many years. The new pavilion of the State Agricultural Society was erected on the block in the southeast corner of the park a number of years ago, but becoming unsafe, was torn down about three years ago and removed to Agricultural Park, beyond the county hospital.
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A feature of the Capitol Park is the Grand Army plat, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets. It is the only plat of the kind in existence, and is cared for partly by the Grand Army Posts and the Ladies of the Grand Army. It is thickly planted with trees from various battlefields of the Civil war, all tagged with the names of the localities from which they came, and the exercises on Decoration (Memorial) Day are generally held beneath the shade of the historic trees.
GOVERNORS
Sacramento has had her full share of the governors of the state chosen from among her citizens. The rival of San Francisco in her earliest days, being the objective point of emigrants who were seek- ing wealth from the placers, she attracted immediately the most active and able men, who tarried at the city on the bay only long enough to secure passage to Sacramento. For this reason the capital city was well known among pioneers and wielded a large influence in polities as in commerce and in affairs connected with the mining in- dnstry. The first governor of the new state, Peter II. Bnrnett, elected in November, 1849, had formerly acted as agent for General Sutter. John MeDougal, who succeeded him, was another early resident of Sacramento. John Bigler, also an early resident of Sacramento, was elected governor in 1851 and died in this city in 1871. In 1855 he was succeeded as governor by J. Neely Johnson of Sacramento. Milton S. Latham became governor in 1859, resigning in 1860 to become United States Senator. Leland Stanford became governor in 1862. Newton Booth of this city was chosen governor in 1871, and died in Sacramento in 1892. Finally, our present governor, Hiram W. Johnson, born in Sacramento, has resided here during the greater part of his life, and belongs to a prominent family of the capital city.
CHAPTER XXXV THE MILITARY
Before California became a state the militia had been provided for. April 10, 1850, the first legislature passed an act providing for the organization of the state militia into four divisions and eight brigades. The First Division was to consist of Sacramento, Trinity, Shasta, Butte, Yuba, Sutter and Eldorado. The legislature reserved the right to elect the generals. The next day that body met in joint convention and elected major-generals as follows: Thomas J. Green, John E. Brackett, David F. Donglass and Joshua H. Bean. It also elected as brigadier-generals, J. H. Eastland, A. M. Winn, Robert Semple, MeDonald, John E. Addison, D. P. Baldwin, Thomas H. Bowen and J. M. Covarrubias. May 1, 1852, another law was passed organizing the militia into seven districts, and the Seventh
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District was composed of Sacramento, Placer, Sutter and Eldorado counties. April 25, 1855, an act was passed creating six divisions and twelve brigades. The Fourth Division was composed of Sacramento, Amador, Eldorado, Placer, Nevada and Sierra. The First Brigade of the division was composed of Sacramento, Amador and Eldorado. May 9, 1861, another act regarding the militia was passed, but it did not effect Sacramento as regarded its brigade position. April 24, 1862, the law passed organized the militia into one division and six brigades. It made the Fourth Brigade comprise the counties of Sac- ramento, Yolo, Sutter, Eldorado, Amador, Placer, Nevada, Ynba and Sierra. April 12, 1866, Alpine county was added to the Fourthi Brigade.
In Angust, 1862, James Collins was appointed brigadier-general, commanding the Fourth Brigade, and was commissioned on the 30th. He died in Nevada City July 18, 1864, and Josiah Howell was ap- pointed to succeed him, receiving his commission July 25, 1864; he resigned November 14, 1874. W. L. Campbell was appointed to the position December 1, 1874, and received his commission on the same day. He resigned November 19, 1875. Governor Pacheco appointed Wentworth T. Crowell to succeed him November 27, 1875, but the Democratic senate refused to confirm him, and he held the office only until his successor was appointed. His successor was J. G. Martine, who was appointed to the command April 4, 1876, and resigned on April 8th. His resignation was caused by a severe attack on him by some of the newspapers in the district. Crowell continued in the office until March 3, 1877, when he resigned.
M. S. Horan was appointed March 3, 1877, and commissioned on March 5th. He resigned November 4, 1878, and T. J. Clunie was appointed by Governor Irwin December 30, 1878, to fill the vacancy, but the Republican senate did not confirm him. John F. Sheehan was appointed Jannary 15, 1880, commissioned on the 17th, and re- signed in May, 1882. Lewellyn Tozer was appointed May 19, 1882, but the subsequent Democratic senate refused to confirm him. John T. Carey . was commissioned February 10, 1883.
The Fourth Regiment of Infantry, N. G. C., was organized in 1864, with E. R. Hamilton as colonel; B. Filerman, lieutenant-colonel, and James Adams, major. The regiment was reorganized in Deceni- ber, 1865, when L. L. Baker was elected colonel, and the remaining officers continued in the same positions. August 22, 1866, Hamilton was again elected colonel; James Adams, lieutenant-colonel, and Jolin F. Sheehan, major. In pursuance of special order No. 44, issued July 8, 1868, the regiment was mustered out of service and the companies were ordered to remain unattached until further orders.
The Fourth Regiment was reorganized under special order No. 7, dated February 7, 1872, and in March following, C. V. Kellogg was elected colonel; B. Eilerman, lieutenant-colonel. and H. F. Page,
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major. Kellogg and Eilerman resigned in July, 1874, and W. T. Cromwell was elected colonel, and H. W. Thain, lieutenant-colonel. This regiment was disbanded and mustered out of service March 31, 1877. It was immediately reorganized as the First Battalion of In- fantry, and Thomas J. Clunie was elected the commander. He was subsequently succeeded by Creed Haymond, and when the latter re- signed, he was succeeded by T. W. Sheehan. When Sheehan became brigadier-general, J. W. Guthrie was commissioned colonel.
The militia did not monopolize all the military glory and fame. From the early days volunteer companies had been formed, and many names well known in the early and subsequent history of the city were found upon their rolls.
The Sutter Rifle Corps was organized June 27, 1852, with B. D. Fry, captain; M. D. Corse, first lieutenant; John L. Brown, second lieutenant, and W. Bryerly, third lieutenant. The company was noted especially for its liberality on all public and private occasions. In 1853, it paid $1200 for choice of the first seat at Catherine Hayes' concert, and presented the ticket to General Sutter. Those were the days when men's hands were open to their friends, and their purses also. M. D. Corse, the first lieutenant, afterwards became captain of the company, and also held other offices in the city. In 1857 he re- turned to the east, and his name as "General Corse" finally adorned the list of Sheridan's prisoners in 1865.
When the governor in 1856 called on the militia for duty against the vigilance committee in San Francisco, the Sutter Rifles met on June 4th, and voted to respond to the governor's call. E. E. Eyre was ยท at that time lieutenant-commanding; H. S. Foushee, second lieutenant, and John C. Keenan, orderly sergeant. The company disbanded soon after, but reorganized in 1875, with E. E. Eyre, captain; Charles J. Torbert, first lieutenant; Joseph H. Vigo, second lieutenant; W. R. Covey, brevet second lieutenant. The company showed little vigor, how- ever, and soon died.
The Sacramento Guards, Light Infantry, organized August 11, 1855, with IIenry Meredith as captain; D. S. Woodward, first lieuten- ant; R. W. Wilcox, second lieutenant; John Arnold, brevet second lieutenant; Josiah Howell, ensign; L. L. Baker, orderly sergeant. December 17, 1855, Baker was elected captain. Among the subsequent officers were D. A. MeMerritt, L. Powers, Isaac Lohman and C. H. Cummings. The company numbered forty-five. During the excite- ment in 1856 over the vigilance committee, the governor issued a proclamation calling out the militia of the state to suppress the dis- turbance. The Sacramento Guards met June 4, 1856, and disbanded, turning their arms over to the custody of the Sutter Rifles. They re- organized at once, however, as the Independent City Guards, and by the end of the year they were fully equipped. This was the only com- pany in Sacramento in 1858.
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The Young Men's Pioneer Guard was organized in 1856, and was composed of the leading young men of the city. John Talbot was its captain; R. Simons, first lieutenant ; Samuel Richardson, second lieu- tenant; Charles Sinclair, third lieutenant; Oliver H. Worden, ensign; John Foley, first sergeant.
The Sacramento Cadets organized May 17, 1856, with Edwin A. Sherman, captain; C. H. Watson, first lieutenant; George J. Prentice, second lieutenant.
The Independent (Sacramento) City Guard was reorganized under the state law on June 28, 1858, with L. L. Baker, captain; Josiah Howell, first lieutenant; L. Powers, second lieutenant; I. Lohman, brevet second lieutenant. Among the subsequent officers we find the names of S. P. Ford, Benjamin Peart, Joseph I. Friend, Henry Starr, W. H. Ratenberry, C. L. Bird, L. B. Vanderburg. Among the privates were C. H. Cummings, H. S. Crocker, D. Gillis, P. J. Hopper and J. H. Lewis. This company during the Civil war furnished sev- eral officers and some thirty men to the United States army.
The Sacramento Hussars was a German company of cavalry organized August 14, 1859, and reorganized June 11, 1863, and at- tached to the state militia. They were honorably discharged from the National Guard August 21, 1874, and continued for some time as an independent organization. At first there were only twenty-six members, and the first officers were: Fred Werner, captain; Charles Heinrich, first lieutenant; F. X. Ebner, senior second lieutenant ; Joseph Marzen, junior second lieutenant. Among the other early mem- bers were: L. Stendeman, A. Heilbron, E. Krans, Charles Sellinger, A. Neubauer, D. Weiman, N. Arentz, C. Iser, G. Uhl, S. Gerber, John Batcher, M. Wetzel, James H. Groth, George Schroth, J. Korn, Julius Gregory, A. Menke, M. Miller, A. Dennery, Andrew Ross, John B. Kohl and Jacob Meister.
Granite Guard was organized at Folsom May 27, 1861, with fifty- eight men, and F. S. Mumford as captain.
The Washington Rifles were organized May 27, 1861, under the militia laws of the state, with eighty-one members, and they immedi- ately tendered their services to the governor, who accepted them, and they were mustered into the service of the United States. Their cap- tain was Thomas I. Roberts; first lieutenant, W. A. Thompson; second lieutenant, J. S. Hunter ; brevet second lieutenant, W. L. Ustick. Cor- nelius V. Kellogg and Henry Kline were also officers subsequently.
The Sacramento Rangers, cavalry, were organized August 27, 1861, and were mustered into the service of the United States with sixty-two members. D. A. McMerritt was captain; J. M. Ropes, first lientenant; A. W. Starr, second lieutenant.
E. D. Shirland raised a troop of cavalry, known as Shirland's Cavalry, recruiting them principally around Folsom. They were mus- tered into the service of the United States and arrived in Sacramento
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by rail, seventy-five in number, September 5, 1861. Here they were joined by about forty recruits from this city, and proceeded to San Francisco on the steamer Antelope. The citizens of Folsom raised $513 in two hours for the use of the company.
The National Guard was organized October 7, 1862, with officers as follows: L. L. Baker, captain; D. W. Welty, first lieutenant; W. H. B. Morrill, senior second lieutenant; Prescott Robinson, junior second lieutenant. The sergeants were: John Talbot, John Foley, R. H. Daley, Paschal Coggins and M. L. Templeton. Among the privates of this company were a number of men well known throughout the state, such as Newton Booth, M. M. Estee, Justin Gates, S. S. Holl, James McClatchy, Alex Badlam and Sylvester Tryon.
The Sacramento Sharp Shooters organized June 6, 1863, with E. R. Hamilton as captain; Thomas V. Cummings, first lieutenant; W. M. Siddons, senior second lieutenant. Chris Weisel, J. A. Conboie and E. H. Hleacock were the sergeants. This company numbered in its ranks as privates, L. Booth, E. M. Fry, A. Flohr, J. T. Glover, S. S. Holl, Israel Luce, J. H. McKune, Robert Robinson, Perrin Stanton, O. II. Tubbs and G. K. Van Heusen, all prominent men of Sacra- mento. The company was mustered out in 1886.
The Turner Rifles organized June 22, 1863, with forty-four mem- bers. Their captain was Charles Wolleb; A. Geisel, first lieutenant ; L. Lotthammer, senior second lieutenant; A. Nessel, junior second lieutenant. Among the privates we find the names of John Bellmer, A. Heilbron, Charles Pommer, C. Weil, C. Kleinsorge, L. B. Mohr and C. Weisel.
The Walnut Grove Union Guard was organized at Walnut Grove in August, 1863, and for several years continued as part of the National Guard.
The Baker Gnard was composed of over fifty young men, most of them under twenty-one years of age, and was organized September 15, 1863. W. T. Crowell was its captain; James Clunie, first lieutenant ; D. K. Zumwalt, second lientenant ; Samuel Carlisle, third lieutenant. This company was consolidated with Company D, National Guard, in June, 1866.
The Sacramento Light Artillery, unattached, was organized Sep- tember 24, 1864, with Edgar Mills as captain; Wyman MeMitchell, first lieutenant ; W. M. Siddons, senior second lieutenant; D. W. Earl, junior second lieutenant. A. J. Senatz was prominent in the organ- ization, and S. S. Montague, Joseph Davis and J. L. Atwood were among the subsequent captains.
The First Battalion, Light Artillery, was organized in Septem- her, 1866, with Edgar Mills as major; L. E. Crane, first lieutenant and adjutant; Paul Morrill, first lieutenant and quartermaster; W. R. (luness, assistant sergeant.
The Emmet Guards was organized March 19, 1864, with John Foley as captain; F. A. Moran, first lientenant; John F. Sheehan,
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senior second lieutenant; John S. Barrett, junior second lieutenant. The other officers were: T. W. Sheehan, Owen Farrell and M. Mc- Manus. The company was mustered out of the state service June 11, 1872.
The Sacramento Zouaves was an independent colored company, which was in existence for several years.
Company G, Sarsfield Guards, was organized in 1870, with William H. Ashton, Jr., captain; Charles Brady, first lieutenant ; Thomas Nolan, second lieutenant.
Troop B, cavalry, was originally organized in 1864, and was then known as the Sacramento Light Artillery. Its full official designation was Company A (Sacramento Light Artillery), First Battalion of Artillery, Fourth Brigade, National Guard of California. The ma- terial of which it was formed included many of the prominent men in the city, as will be seen by the list of those who signed the petition to Judge Clark for the formation of the company. The list is as follows: Paul Morrill, Edgar Mills, George Rowland, James Mc- Clatchy, H. W. Bragg, George S. Evans, W. S. Mesick, O. D. Lam- bard, W. M. Mitchell, Isaac Lohman, William M. Harmon, R. W. Lewis, A. Lamott, M. M. Estee, William M. Lyon, C. C. Barnes, Robert Hamilton, Benjamin Peart, F. H. Heacock, S. S. Holl, James Carolan, J. B. Sanderson, George W. Chesley, L. Wilsey, J. II. Carroll, H. G. Smith, D. W. Earl, A. D. Whitney, C. N. Higgins, Robert Ander- son, M. M. Spaulding, F. E. Mitchell, N. L. Drew, George Inglis, William M. Hoag, R. T. Brown, Charles Miller, John McNeill, I. C. Aikles, James MeCleary, George E. Duden, Prescott Robinson, C. P. Huntington, Charles H. Creed, W. H. Taylor, William L. Ustick, J. H. MeKune, Henry Ramsey, John S. Miller, Joseph T. Glover, A. C. Bidwell, L. H. Foote, R. I. Graham, Samuel Cross, J. W. Reeves, Jus- tin Gates, L. S. Taylor, E. D. Wheatley, S. W. Butler, J. M. Avery, W. C. Felch, A. Briggs, Alex. Badlam, H. E. Cook, D. P. Coon, George Oulton, Theo. J. Milliken. Richard Dale, H. F. Holmes, A. H. Ault, Charles A. Peake, Albert Leonard, Thomas Ross, J. T. Griffitts, William E. Wise, Thomas C. Jones, George Cox, Thomas Brown, J. T. Brownell, I. Bailey, Charles Roberts, J. Davis, E. B. Mott, A. S. Bender, P. Stanton, Ben. C. Butler, P. Franklin, Joseph Bremer, Leland Stanford, William M. Siddons, John P. Hoyt, Frederick Gibbs, C. C. Knox, A. G. Richardson, T. M. Hubbard, S. E. Ladd, B. Cahoon, Paul Morrill, Jr., S. S. Montague, T. W. Ruce, L. Rotchford, Samuel Cross, E. A. Rockwell, E. M. Howison.
The officers were Edgar Mills, captain; Wyman MeMitchell, first lieutenant; Wm. M. Siddons, senior second lieutenant; D. W. Earl, junior second lieutenant. March 19, 1880, the Sacramento Light Artil- lery, the City Guard, Nevada Light Guard, Placerville City Guard, the Yuba Light Guard and the Sarsfield Guard were organized into a regiment known as the First Artillery Regiment, Fourth Brigade,
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N. G. C. Shortly afterwards the Sacramento Light Artillery became known as Light Battery B, First Artillery Regiment. July 1, 1893, it was detached from the regiment and designated as Battery B, Light Artillery, unattached. July 23, 1895, it was changed into a troop of cavalry, incorporated in August, 1895, with Troops A, C and D, cavalry, as the First Squadron of Cavalry. In July, 1908, the squad- ron was discontinued, and the troop became known again as "Troop B, Cavalry," and is so known today.
The Eighth Infantry regiment was organized October 31, 1890, and the First Artillery, March 19, 1880. The Eighth Infantry and the First Artillery were consolidated December 9, 1895, forming the Second Regiment of Infantry, N. G. C. Company A, Second Infantry, was mustered out in the same year.
Company E, Second Infantry, of this city was organized Novem- ber 26, 1883, with Henry I. Seymour, now colonel, as captain. Com- pany G of this city, and of the same regiment, was organized July 29, 1870, with Thomas B. Hall, now deceased, as captain. These two companies have existed ever since, up to 1911, when Company E was mustered out, but has since been reorganized.
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC
The greatest patriotic order that ever was instituted was organ- ized in Sacramento early in its existence, and has numbered three Posts and two Relief Corps and one Circle of the Ladies of the Grand Army, auxiliary thereto, all of which, except one Post, are still in existence and in flourishing condition.
Sumner Post No. 3 was instituted November 25, 1867, with the following charter members: G. W. Bowie, Thomas J. Blakeney, George S. Evans, D. A. DeMerritt, W. L. Campbell, E. Engham, John F. Sheehan, E. S. Granger, W. C. Guirey, R. H. Harris, J. V. Gilbert, N. S. Hawley, R. W. Towne and J. G. Garrison, the charter being signed by John G. Miller, department commander, and James Coey, assistant adjutant-general. The first officers were: W. S. Campbell, commander; W. C. Guirey, Jr., vice commander, and J. F. Sheehan, adjutant. The Post is still in a healthy condition, and numbers over seventy members.
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