USA > California > San Luis Obispo County > History of San Luis Obispo County and environs, California, with biographical sketches > Part 13
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SALT
Around the head waters of the Salinas are salt springs so strong that the brine was used to pickle meats. Ont on the Carissa plains is a dry bed of a salt lake. The cattlemen haul blocks of salt for the cattle to lick on the ranges, and in pioneer days it was refined by them for home use.
COAL
Outcroppings of coal have been located in the northern end of the county. At San Simeon the coal cropped out of the rocks along the bay, and in 1863, William Leffingwell used to mine it for use in his blacksmith shop. A shaft was sunk one hundred feet, but the coal pinched out, showing it to be only a gash-vein. There is a peak north of Cambria called Coal Mountain, but so far coal in paying quantities and of sufficient hardness to be valuable has not been mined here. The vein has been worked in Stone cañon, Monterey county, with success, and that vein may extend southward into this county as well.
QUICKSILVER
Josephine Mine
The first quicksilver mining in this county that was really profitable was about 1862, when the Josephine mine, about half-way between Paso 6
SAN LIUS QUISPO COUNTY AND ENVIRONS
Rolifes and San Simion bay, was worked. A party of Mexicans located The pumpe Heit the lead waters of Santa Rosa creek. Barron & Co. of San Mineemgno gers of the New Almaden mines in Santa Clara county, bought th pasdrive od Walter Murray and C. B. Rutherford. They worked the mitte three ours sod produced $280,000 worth of quicksilver, which was elimed gran bro Simeon. As the ore seemed to lie in "pockets" or "kid- Hey- ml wow lopik to handle, this company quit work, but retained their (if upoo alee pope rty. The late John E. Childs of San Luis Obispo came Howon froy && & Minaden mine for Barron, Bolton & Bell in 1862 as superin- pourbogo zod for e me years managed the mine.
Klau Mine
A young Spamhard named Felipe Villegas came to California when Twenty om years y 51, worked at various things, and finally went to raising aloop dil gouts on Santa Rosa creek. He married Helena Rochas, who bore Hindi roue ermos Tel ;. Jr. They lived on the banks of Huero creek and here Une sk de deal, but the father kept the boy and raised him at his camp. On Makelarn one day the father missed the little lad. Knowing he had strayed inde ofre hills and was liable to meet death, the father searched through the corne wont over the rugged mountainside for his boy, whom he at last Tomat While climbing the hills he discovered a ledge of cinnabar. He lo- odtud o mome, opened it, put up a retort, and mined and retorted quicksilver. The muus was first called the Santa Cruz, then the Sunderland, later the Hilfices ofet now the Klau. A company of rich Swiss organized the Klau "inine Lo, and are now opening up new ledges, taking out ore and retorting quidledger. Felipe Villegas lived in this section of country until he died auth agood seventy, and his son Felipe was once a trusted foreman for the Manter o! The Klan company.
Coloy Maintain the Klau mine was worked before Villegas discovered it; in Iran all the historian has been able to learn, she sees no reason to dis- caroat ilde Vill gas story. When the present European war broke out and wal Ladbar Jumped in price, A. Luchesa, William Bagby and Eugenio Bian- eldel gobylineed the Klau mine and began operating it. A sixty-ton Scott Hirndis w- erected, tracks and cars for hauling ore were put in, and the DiVom averaged a flask a day when run full time.
Pine Mountain Mine
Tb- Lom, situated near the northeast corner of the Piedra Blanca work, wo Oferewered by a Mexican in 1871. Eight claims were located near www.dp jbs range. Land & Brewster of San Francisco first bonded h Pon ML mobien daims for $40,000, paying down $3,000. They let go and Dame I love of Nevada bonded them for $30,000, paying down $1,500. Now1 500000 1 : incompetent management, he surrendered his claim. p . W. Gillespie's father became owner and also ran a Gillespie also bought the Ocean View claim, located che Ocean View company spent about $200,000 pros- Buying machinery and equipment, building roads Quicksilver dropped from $1.50 to 40 cents per unprofitable, so the work was abandoned by the
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company. The Keystone mine was discovered in December, 1871. In May, 1872, Cross & Co. of San Francisco bonded it for $36,000, but later they bought it for $20,000. After spending a great deal of money, they decided it was only a "slide" from Pine Mountain lode, and quit.
Oceanic Mine
These are the richest quicksilver mines ever located in this county. Three residents of Cambria discovered and located the claims in 1872. They are about three quarters of a mile from the north side of Santa Rosa creek and five miles from Cambria. The claims in 1874 were sold to a company of San Francisco capitalists among whom were A. C .. Peachy, Lafayette Maynard, T. F. Cronise, and M. Zellerbach. They organized the Oceanic Mining Co. The capital stock was $6,000,000 or 60,000 shares, and the shares were sold for twenty-five dollars each. The three men who located the mine sold out to the company for $36,000. At times three hundred men were employed; and three furnaces were built, which, together with cost of operation, amounted to $90,000. Seven well-timbered tunnels were run and the quicksilver was easily produced, owing to the kind of orc. At $1.50 per pound it promised big returns, but quicksilver dropped and then the mines were closed down. They were kept in repair; and when prices warranted, work was again started. When in 1914 the cataclysm of war broke loose in Europe, prices soared. The Oceanic mine was quickly opened up and over three hundred men set to work. The output was very satisfactory and soon prices went up. Quoting from the state mining bureau under date of February 28, 1916, the report for 1915, quicksilver sold at $51.90 per flask of seventy-five pounds in January, 1915; steadily advanced to $123.00 in December, 1915; and during January, 1916, sold for from $275 to $316 per flask. The prices fell during the year 1916; and at this writing, January, 1917, quicksilver is selling for $80 a flask delivered from the mine to Paso Robles. The Oceanic has produced 25,000 flasks of seventy-five pounds each since development began. Murray Innis has owned the property for the last five years. Early in the year he sold out to a New York company for $400,000; and $200,000 was paid down. This company ran the mine about seven months, and then turned the property over to Mr. Innis. Pending this settlement the mine was not worked; but after Mr. Innis was again in full possession he resumed work, and fifty men, with E. W. Carson as superintendent, are now operating the mine.
COPPER Good Will Mine
Copper exists in several parts of San Luis Obispo County. AA peculiar ore called Cuban exists in large quantities along Santa Rosa creek. Many boulders of almost pure copper are found. One is estimated to weigh over 1,000 tons. It is believed to be almost pure metal, being very hard to break or drill. The first copper mining in the county was in 1863, when Mr. Ruther- ford located and operated the Green Flephant and the North Mexican copper mines. The ore was smelted at the mines; also much was shipped to San Francisco. All along the Chorro, copper exists and seems to run in a heavy vein northwest from the Chorro.
SAX UHS MIBISPO COUNTY AND ENVIRONS
Ah Wiolowfond solo m to an English syndicate. Good ore was taken out, hanlea his wo er mel the hill to Port Harford and shipped around the1non wo Emmer Wales. This shows that the ore was of high grade to woman woh pense in shipping. About the close of the Civil War the non wo- bandimpf. in 1898, Mr. Geeres, Attorney General of California, open dl m no oblimine. At 210 feet a tunnel showed signs of good ore, but Mr. Tren- Mix Steken with appendicitis and died in a hospital. His son, being n mimoy, conil fov force the estate to carry on the work, so the mine was
In 1904 Mr. Paulson attempted to operate the mine for iron ore and ajout Tenecen $4000 and $5000 prospecting, but the time was not ripe for In jur diction, for coal and coke used in smelting iron ore could not be -proml from Pennsylvania to use at a profitable figure.
1) the fall of 1915, W. H. Cureton and his associate leased seventy acres Iban Vr. Filipponi and Alex Gibson with the intention of developing copper. 40 Tum. 1916, a new company was formed and the lease transferred to Maurice B. Ayars and Ernest L. Quist. In July, by the joint efforts of C. & Iversen, George F. Root and E. L. Quist, twelve hundred acres more were 1.4508. all interested united, and the Goodwill Mining Syndicate was formed, Wr wnist as manager having charge of development. The property is seven minles west of San Luis Obispo, on the south side of Los Osos valley, wour imiles from Morro bay, where the ore from the Green Elephant mine Wo- stoppel in the early sixties. A good wagon road, in no place over seven per cent- grade, leads to the mine. At present there is one tunnel three hun- dred Feet long with a perpendicular cut of ninety feet, practically blocking can two million tons of ore, valued at ten dollars a ton in the ledge. Several cottages have been built for workmen and a temporary hotel or boarding hom: A second tunnel has been run two hundred feet into the hill and a Miodrone his reached seventy-five feet, showing a good ledge of iron and ! fourth tunnel cross-cuts a thirty-foot ledge of fifty per cent.
Op vie runs so low in silica that it can only be reduced by fusing it entposter grades of iron ore. The company will at once install a system copco fw concentrators which will extract the gold, copper or iron in what- of yo migtre. found. They will also install an electric generating system, co quil 150 dir pumps. Messrs. Johe & Welch are also interested in the Weall Time co. owning land leased by it.
CHROMIUM
Drone" ore probably ranks next to quicksilver in this marock ted. From it dyes and paints are made, used in the noodles painting. It is here in large veins, the best-known a ow twelve miles long extending northwesterly from I deposits being found on and near the head of bon Tho wol as high as seventy per cent. During 1878-79 woning $60,000 worth of chrome In 1882 a report 1764 Bon col vous had been shipped and eight thousand tons who would mean at the Pacific Coast depot, for the 5018 Th Vello lod vec ston been built through the county. Ore was then
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sent over the Pacific Coast Railway to Port Harford, now Port San Line, and shipped by steamer. There is a rich deposit of chrome between San Luis Obispo and Avila. Usually the United States buys abroad rather than bother to develop at home; but when the present European war interfered with that easy-going plan, we had to bestir ourselves and consequently home products have been recognized. A good deal of chrome ore has been shipped during the last year and a half, and some day it and all the other great mineral wealth of San Luis Obispo County will be appreciated and yield up millions of dollars.
OTHER MINERALS AND STONES
Silica is here and has been made into a polish for metals; iron abounds in almost every form; lime is found in vast beds; gypsum and alabaster, both of the purest and best quality, are found in great abundance on the head waters of the Arroyo Grande creek and on Navajo creek. Onyx, capable of the finest polish, is also found at the head of Arroyo Grande creek. J. and F. Kessler, owners of a deposit in Solano county, owned the property at last accounts.
ASPHALTUM
Great beds of asphaltum are found on the Corral de Piedra, Pismo and Santa Manuela grants. The old Spanish families used it to cover the roofs of buildings, to lubricate the wheels of their carretas, and later it was used for walks and pavements. More than thirty-five years ago McDougal, Nenval and others shipped about one hundred tons monthly. In the Tribune for March 30, 1883, is an account of the finding of the rich asphaltum beds below Edna. A vein from three to five feet in thickness was uncovered, but a few inches below the surface; twenty-five tons refined left less than five hundred pounds of waste. One hundred tons a month were at once con- tracted for in San Francisco and taken there by steamer. The shipping of asphaltum continued for years to be a big industry, and there are beds of it all over the southern and western parts of the county. Out on the Huasna on the J. P. Black ranch it oozes from the ground, and at times heavy rumblings of gas are heard ; then it boils up like a spring. Between Arroyo Grande and the Huasna is Tar Springs ranch, the name signifying asphaltum in big beds and soft pools.
THE OIL INDUSTRY
About fifteen years ago in Price's canon, where the asphaltum beds above described are located, derricks were erected and drilling for oil began. A good many rigs were put up, but only the Tiber Oil Company brought in paying wells. The Tiber is now operating six wells, producing 450 barrels a day, which is sent out by pipe line. All the territory below Price's canon and Pismo has just been leased by Doheny and others. Much prospecting is being done with a reasonable hope of bringing in a rich oil field in our own county. Iladley is the name applied to a refining plant in Price's canon. The Baker Ensign Company ran it for some time, but eventually went under. The California Paint Company also operated at Hadley for a few years. They bought oil, and made liquid asphalt and many other products. The aspb. h was placed in barrels and thousands of tons shipped. The plant was in
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SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY AND ENVIRONS
maanen for a while, Ind was again operated this year, and 800 barrels are Tw ay Fort San Los pwaiting shipment.
The Producers Transportation Company
This represents the largest oil interest in the county. The company awne fin Immidrol miles of pipe line, one hundred thirty-eight of which is in Hoe county. Oil from the Bakersfield, Taft, Midway, Sunset, Lidt WWW., Ochittrick and Belridge fields is brought to Port San Luis, Shame Indeed barrels is sent out annually to points all the way from What To thde and to the Hawaiian islands. It handles oil for the Union Cum many dil the Independent Producers Agency. There are pumping HATol- a Shawlon, Creston, Santa Margarita, Tank Farm, Avila and Port San faire ou UNE county. Great oil tanks are at each station, and houses Tan the woen with families. The Tank Farm situated just south of San Luis (Rozpory wohlit- two hundred fifty acres. This is where the oil is stored, whoresti pumped to Avila and the Port as called for. There are thirty-six Tares, Mark handling 55,000 barrels of off; also five great reservoirs: three, ah 1 Time 6000,000 barrels; and two, eich hokling 750.000 barrels- toal orygy urcity of 0,480,000 barrels. Since war was declared, two have been guarding th . Tank Farm.
KCx 500 Lar, the Pacific Coast Railway built a special wharf to hoodl the wf ypper line runs out and loads the great oil tankers as they Jos afem , The Producers own the following ships: "La Brea," "Los Nogelo," Lyngen Stewart," "Coalinga." " Lansing." " washtenaw," "Oleum," roll: Answer fullerton," "Thelps" and "simla." The chartered ves- self are "La Haline,"Cordelia," "Santa Maria," "Belridge" and "Lompoc." "vill arovery handles off from the U mon wells of the Santa Maria fields. Che ol mertes wcthe company has made of Port San Luis the greatest oil Elopony pory in The world and furnishes employment to hundreds of men in the county. The Producers pay-roll enriches the merchants and helps many Ummily- w comfortable livings. The officers of the company at present are 1. 7.8 link. President ; Stanley Morschead, vice-president; E. W. Clark, grwerd millaewt. O. B. Kibele, general superintendent; Lafe Todd, chief winter. William Groundwater, superintendent of affairs for this county inn che Santa Maria oil field interests of the Union."
BUILDING STONE
Bor Army Grande are quarries of beautiful yellow sandstone that Dark GoB Muy pretty buildings have been built out of it, and it makes um wandle Jiff ornamental facings. Old Bishop's Peak and San Luis Von me ne yut piles of green granite that would, if quarried and used, The San Luis High School and Presbyterian Church, as of Houses are built of this beautiful stone. . Many retaining My .1 . constructed of it. The so-called "chalk rock" kimneys, fire-places, and dwellings in pioneer days. Brat Land aro Hogy eso h as the millionaires delight to use in building their Mode suite nt Te w laps in fence corners or along the streams. Old lg l granite in it to build a wall across the state,
Galisportation Company sold out to the Union Oil
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and then some. Hundreds of tons of rock have been quarried and broken up at the rock-crushing plant on the Avila or Pismo road and used on the state highway. The man who wishes to build a home may get lumber from the Cambria pines, make adobe or brick walls, or have them of granite or sand- stone, and not go out of the county for material. Also he may make a table of onyx, polish his silver with silica, light and heat his home with natural gas, lay asphalt walks, and get all his material within the county lines. If he wishes, he may mine gold for the wedding-ring for the mistress of the house.
STATISTICAL DATA
The following data we obtained through the State Mining Bureau, at least all given since 1909. In an old assessor's report we learn that 300 flasks of quicksilver valued at $40 per flask were shipped over the San Simeon wharf in 1872. In 1909 the county produced 317 flasks of the mineral valued at $15,510; 4,000 gallons mineral water, $1,000; 2,731 tons bituminous rock, $6,369: 1,500 tons asphalt, $55,000; 30,000 barrels oil, value $15,000; 2,245 M brick, value $19,605; 700 tons rubble, $400; total value of mineral products for the year 1909, $112,884. The total value for 1908 was $78,379 ; total value for 1911, $75,556; for 1912, $31,564. For 1913: Bituminous rock, 609 tons, value $1,149; brick, 1,500 M, value $15,000; gold, $124; mineral water, 1,500 gallons, value $600; quicksilver, 1,160 flasks, value $46,667 ; silver, $1.00; stone industry, $134; total value, $63,675. For 1914: Bituminous rock, 579 tons, value $1,118; mineral water, 1,000 gallons, value $250; quicksilver, 1,266 flasks, value $62,097 ; total value, $63,465.
By comparison, quicksilver is seen to be the most valuable mineral in the county so far. The oil production has greatly increased since the Tiber wells have been cleaned and deepened, and prices have risen during the last two years. The mining bureau was asked for data later than 1914, but failed to furnish it, and so no data for the county farther than that given was secured from the bureau ; but by personal inquiry we know that the mineral development and production are rapidly increasing. Very soon we shall be on the map, not only as one of the greatest "cow" counties, but as running close with some of the best mining counties.
CHAPTER XI Roads, Wharves, Railroads, Stage Lines and Mail Routes, County Buildings and County Finances
ROADS
The trail and the saddle horse were the first means of "getting there." Then schooners, sailing vessels and steamers began calling at the "landings." Finally, wharves were built at San Simeon, near Cambria, Cayucos. Morro and Port Harford, now San Luis bay. Rowboats and ropes and tackle took passengers and freight off or on when the landings were in use. About 1860, steamers began calling twice a month, and by 1875 a lively steamer trade had been established.
STR THIS POISPO COUNTY AND ENVIRONS
\r bf 20 from the court of Sessions resolved "that there be formed a und by with the sie le be put in repair, obliging all the inhabitants to - il m ilw wan-" Mas 3, 1852, the legislature established boards of Hitler -- i went counties, this being one of them, the board to be miminko fvy mpwiberg. elected annually. The term has been lengthened, Init fre mi- ot smørvisors are about the same as then. The Court of - To el uk hailing over the business to the supervisors, who were In harekat.ved the connity finances, provide a courthouse, jail and other my Tmntimes and have control of all county roads, bridges, wharves and rfc- Tite cewhy was divided into road districts, taxes were levied for Imi mme iml top aring roads, and from cattle trails a road system has been Imbenp du compares very favorably with those of the other counties.
16 1852, a poll tax of $2 was levied on all males between the ages of twomisave and sixty, the net receipts to go into the road fund. Later a jam-meof The poll tax went to the school fund. When suffrage was granted 0 ;be women of California, the law had to be changed so as to include them or Ir abolfejed, for it is illegal to tax one part of the voters and not the raty en tie gallant lawmakers abolished it. Also, in 1872, bonds for $15,000 wincselil by the county to build and repair roads. In 1876, bonds for S200KT were 1- sued to build a better road over Cuesta Pass. A movement i- long po-lied to build an "east and west" road from the San Joaquin valley to flo wobec like the highway, and to build a similar road from San Luis Obi-pt up the coast to San Simeon. For several years all the new county brillare have been made of either concrete or steel. Fine steel bridges span the Saimas at Templeton, Paso Robles, San Miguel and other points, and Our concrete bridges are beautiful, especially the one at Atascadero Colony, we Th it- electroliers. The apportionment for building and improving county ronde for the year 1916-1917 is $86,717.51.
Tive fine new state highway is now completed through the county from Arroyo Grande to Monterey county, including the new grade over Cuesta Phy on which the cement has now been laid. The supervisors have Youll a portion of the highway through San Luis Obispo out of the general (80 \ @nd, and it is supposed they will build it the rest of the way through Bm mb Sin Luis claimed it was only right, as the city pays a large pro- women to the county taxes. Arroyo Grande and Paso Robles, the other men cadel towns, have as yet built no highway through their city limits. To ditori Thighway Bulletin, July 1, 1916, states that San Luis Obispo bay como lors : 1 $280,000 worth of bonds. Of this amount the county valor Is the first time, the Colony Holding Corporation of Atasca- det the banks $50,000. The remainder is either held by private co lought up by the county or banks. It was difficult to I geht in the county, and of public record, match with Em That the Bulletin is bound to be correct. The entire Thon el the county is estimated at $750,000.
WHARVES
Her bault by John M. Price was used at Pismo for & Williams built a wharf and warehouse which se filled with sand that it was imprac-
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ticable to get steamers in or out. The channel by Morro Rock was always a serious proposition to face.
San Simeon Wharf
A wharf had existed at San Simeon previously; but in 1878, George Hearst, owner of the Hearst ranch and water front on the bay, built a wharf one thousand feet long, ending in water twenty feet deep. The wharf is twenty feet wide for seven hundred fifty feet, with strong railings, then widens to fifty feet for the last two hundred fifty feet. A warehouse 48x100 feet is provided, and the entire cost was $20,000. This wharf used to do a big business in its palmy days. A few statistics to prove the statement : For the first six months of 1869 the wharf's business included the handling of $30,000 worth of butter, wool $8,000, whale oil $8,000, Chinese products $3,000, eggs $8,000, beans $5,000, hides $250, cheese $300, terrapin $100, a total of $62,650. There were 2,500 live hogs shipped that year. In 1880, eleven years later, 3,934 boxes of butter were shipped, 930 firkins and barrels of butter, 250 boxes of eggs, 169 flasks of quicksilver, 94 coops of fowls, 374 hides, 5,350 calf hides, 299 packages of whale oil, 725 tons of grain, 14 barrels of tallow, 104 neats of seaweed, 169 sacks of abalones, 1,209 hogs. This is enough to show the kinds and amount of business in the northern end of the county during the periods named. Hearst has always had a big cattle business. The cattle used to be driven to market ; now they are shipped by rail from Goldtree, a stock station, just north of San Luis. After Captain Cass built a good wharf, the people of Cayucos section shipped from there.
Cass's Wharf at Cayucos
This wharf was 380 feet long until 1876, when a partnership was formed including Beebee, Harford and Schwartz; then the wharf was lengthened to 940 feet, the seaward end forty feet wide for the last sixty feet. The total cost was $10,840.26, as stated in an old record. A warehouse, 92x50 feet, was put up and a portion of it, 50x20 feet, partitioned off for a store. 1 railroad was built on the wharf to take goods out to the steamers. This wharf has been one of the greatest factors in building up the trade of the county, doing a big business for many years. Since the dairying business has changed so much in that section, most of the dairymen now shipping cream by auto truck to San Luis, where creameries make it into butter, the business of the wharf has decreased. At "Port Harford," as it used to be called, previous to 1872, two wharves were in operation. One was Mallah's wharf or the "Steamer Landing," and the other was called the People's Wharf ; but surf boats and lighters had to be used. In February, 1873, Block- man & Cerf purchased the People's Wharf and extended it to deep water so vessels could lie alongside. John Harford then built the railroad wharf. horse-car line was built out from the wharf to the level land at Avila, and freight could be easily hauled to or from this terminus. Mallah's wharf was abandoned. Now were lively times; the People's and the "Railroad" wharf were in opposition. Rates and "tickets" went down, until anybody could travel or ship any old thing to market. Fares from San Francisco to San Diego went down to $5. Steamers arrived and departed sereral time- each week. As many as ninety passengers and 200 tons of freight landed
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