USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > Wethersfield > History of Saint Mark's Church, New Britain, Conn., and of its predecessor Christ Church, Wethersfield and Berlin : from the first Church of England service in America to nineteen hundred and seven > Part 1
USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > Berlin > History of Saint Mark's Church, New Britain, Conn., and of its predecessor Christ Church, Wethersfield and Berlin : from the first Church of England service in America to nineteen hundred and seven > Part 1
USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > New Britain > History of Saint Mark's Church, New Britain, Conn., and of its predecessor Christ Church, Wethersfield and Berlin : from the first Church of England service in America to nineteen hundred and seven > Part 1
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SAINT
MARK'S
Gc 974.602 N38s 1127808
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
M. L
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01149 1542
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/historyofsaintma00shep_0
SAINT MARK.
HISTORY
OF
Saint Mark's Church
NEW BRITAIN, CONN.
AND OF ITS PREDECESSOR
Christ Church
WETHERSFIELD AND BERLIN
FROM THE FIRST
Church of England Service in America TO
NINETEEN HUNDRED AND SEVEN
By JAMES SHEPARD 1
NEW BRITAIN, CONN. 1907
"How beautiful and holy, in all its perfectness of obligation, is the spiritual connexion which subsists between a faithful minister of Christ, and the flock which he is appointed to feed with the pure word of God."
Bishop Blomfield.
THE TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR COMPANY
1127808
TO MY WIFE, CELIA ADELAIDE CURTIS, A DEVOTED AND USEFUL MEMBER OF SAINT MARK'S, THIS WORK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Illustrations 7 Foreword 9
I. THE CHURCH IN AMERICA.
History
15
II. THE CHURCH IN CONNECTICUT.
History
37
The Bishops of Connecticut :
Brief mention
105
Biographical Sketches:
Right Rev. Samuel Seabury, D.D. 106
Right Rev. Abraham Jarvis, D.D. 108
Right Rev. John Henry Hobart, D.D. IIO
Right Rev. Thomas Church Brownell, D.D. III
Right Rev. John Williams, D.D. II2
Right Rev. Chauncey Bunce Brewster, D.D.
II4
Synopsis of Connecticut Laws relating to Ecclesiastical mat- ters 1636-1821 II6
III. THE CHURCH IN WETHERSFIELD AND BERLIN.
Christ Church : History 132
Ministers of Christ Church :
Brief mention
I7I
Biographical Sketches :
Rev. Seth Hart, M.D. 172
Rev. James Kilbourne 182
Rev. Samuel Griswold 194
Rev. Roger Searle, A.M.
202
Biographical notices, parishioners of Christ Church 219
Records of Christ Church 246
Local baptisms from register of Christ Church, Middletown, Conn 271
IV. THE CHURCH IN NEW BRITAIN.
St. Mark's History 277
Ministers of St. Mark's :
Brief mention
427
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
Biographical Sketches :
Rev. N. S. Wheaton, D.D. 429
Rev. T. J. Davis 433
Rev. Z. H. Mansfield 436
Rev. J. M. Guion, S.T.D. 437
Rev. C. R. Fisher, M.A. 440
Rev. Abner Jackson, D.D., LL.D. 443
Rev. Alexander Capron 447
Rev. F. T. Russell, M.A., S.T.D. 449
Rev. L. B. Baldwin 452
Rev. J. C. Middleton, S.T.D.
454
Rev. J. H. Drumm, M.D., D.D. 458
Rev. W. E. Snowden 460
Rev. J. H. Rogers
462
Rev. James Stoddard
463
Rev. H. N. Wayne
466
Rev. H. I. Bodley
467
Table of Parish Officers 1836-1906
469
Baptisms
486
Confirmations
562
Communicants
578
Marriages
59I
Burials 621
Index of subjects 645
Index of persons
655
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
I Portrait of St. Mark . Frontispiece
2 Certificate by Bishop Seabury Facing page 37
3 Portrait of Bishop Seabury Facing page I06
4 Portrait of Bishop Jarvis Facing page 108
5 Portrait of Bishop Brownell Facing page III
6 Portrait of Bishop Williams . Facing page IĮ2
7 Portrait of Bishop Brewster Facing page II4
8 Map showing the location of Christ Church Page I32
9 Distant view of New Britain from site of Christ Church,
Facing page I34
IO The Elizur Deming house, Newington
Facing page 151
12 A window from Christ Church
Page 163
13 Chalice used at Christ Church
. Facing page
I64
14 Churchyard belonging to Christ Church
Facing page
I66
15 Portrait of Rev. Seth Hart
Facing page
I72
17 Portrait of Rev. Samuel Griswold
. Facing page
194
18 Portrait of Rev. Roger Searle Facing page
202 2II
19 Silhouette, Rev. Roger Searle Page
20 St. Mark's Church 1906 .Facing page
277
21 Signatures on paper of organization Page
285
22 Seating plan of the church, 1837 Page 294
23 The Davis family Facing page
305
24 St. Mark's Church 1859
Facing page
346
25 St. Mark's chancel and choir . Facing page
412
26 St. Mark's rectory Facing page 417
27 Parish house and library Facing page
419
28 Portrait of Rev. N. S. Wheaton, D.D. Facing page
429
29 Portrait of Rev. T. J. Davis . Facing page
433
30 Portrait of Rev. J. M. Guion, S.T.D. Facing page
437
31 Portrait of Rev. C. R. Fisher, M.A. Facing page
440
32 Portrait of Rev. Abner Jackson, D.D., LL.D. Facing page 443
33 Portrait of Rev. Alexander Capron . Facing page 447
449
35 Portrait of Rev. L. B. Baldwin Facing page
452
36 Portrait of Rev. J. C. Middleton, S.T.D. Facing page 454
37 Portrait of Rev. J. H. Drumm, M.D., D.D. . Facing page 458
38 Portrait of Rev. W. E. Snowden Facing page
460
39 Portrait of Rev. J. H. Rogers . Facing page 462
40 Portrait of Rev. James Stoddard . Facing page 464
4I Portrait of Rev. H. N. Wayne . Facing page 466
42 Portrait of Rev. H. I. Bodley . Facing page
468
II To the memory of
Facing page I53
16 Portrait of Rev. James Kilbourne Facing page
182
34 Portrait of Rev. F. T. Russell, M.A., S.T.D. Facing page
FOREWORD
It gives me great satisfaction to introduce this book and its author to various readers, because I can say things which ought not to go unsaid and yet cannot be said by the author himself.
The writer of the ensuing pages is a Pilgrim of the Pilgrims and approaches the records of the parish as a matter of local history in which he has been long interested, and in connection with which he has been well known.
But as he studied and followed facts to their sources, by sheer force of the interest of the subject and connection of local with larger fields, he was compelled to widen his scope and plan to include the diocesan and the national Church. There is a consequent freshness and vigor which are due to the point of view, and to the novelty of the facts to the author's mind. Matters not hitherto emphasized become salient points and stand out vividly because they aroused peculiar interest in the historian's thought. I venture to cite as examples, his mention of the entire absence of Scripture readings in the public wor- ship of the Standing Order, his consideration of the early Connecticut laws, and the story of the Anti-Episcopal Con- vention.
The author is an expert in patent causes and has developed as such that genius for details without which no man can write history, (and especially local history,) accurately. He has during the last three years consumed numerous days, travelled many miles, spent sundry dollars, perused almost endless periodicals, ransacked various libraries, and consulted reliable authorities in order to make this volume full and accurate. Some may feel that there is an over-abundance of details, but experience seems to prove that these are, in after years, the most valuable and most sought after portions of such a record.
Mr. Shepard has done his work for the simple love of it, and because he realizes the necessity of securing at once a correct ensemble of facts which will soon cease to be procurable at all. The living grandchildren of the men and women of 1798 and the children of those of 1836 are very, very few. If the history
X
FOREWORD.
of Christ Church, Wethersfield and Berlin, and of St. Mark's Church, New Britain, was to be written with authority, it must not longer be deferred.
None can read the pages of this volume and fail to see that the author is a man of peace. He has avoided the bringing back afresh into the limelight or remembrance some sad and sorry episode of the days gone by. Suffice it to say that it has often been impossible for the parish priest with spiritual ideals and sense of responsibility to God, to coordinate his policy and preaching with the somewhat materialistic ideas of those ves- trymen and laymen who hired the head of the morality depart- ment of their establishment as cheaply as possible, and sought to discharge him when they did not approve. The reader must content himself to take the hint when an ironic twinkle in the author's eye, or a pathetic quiver in his voice, bids one study between the lines.
Only one important detail has absolutely eluded every effort to run it down. No reason can be found for the adoption of the name "St. Mark's." The old parish was Christ Church, as is usual for the first parish in a given district. The old parish being dead and the old church demolished, why was not the new one called Christ Church too, as the lineal descendant would naturally be? There is no allusion or hint, direct or indirect, to lead to a satisfactory answer. Christ Church it was of old, St. Mark's it now is, and that is all we know with certainty.
Much valuable aid has been derived from the endorsements on old sermons showing when and where they had been preached. The sermons of Rev. Seth Hart were especially valuable in this respect. Letters written by him to his wife, who remained in Wallingford, Conn., while he journeyed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1797, were exceedingly quaint and inter- esting.
These references will show how great are the obligations owed to the descendants and relatives of some of the chief characters in this book. As Rector of the parish, I have been delegated to make due acknowledgments in this place to all such helpful and patient friends, and to every one who has in any way assisted the author in his work. Special thanks are due to the Rev. Samuel Hart, D.D., Vice-Dean of the Berkeley
xi
FOREWORD.
Divinity School, Middletown, Conn., and to the Rev. Joseph Hooper, Rector of the Church of the Epiphany, Durham, Conn. The undersigned has deemed it a privilege to read proof and to do the chores.
Lastly, because most important of all, I wish to voice the thanks of the Churchmen and women of New Britain for all time, and of the present Rector and of all his predecessors, to Mr. Shepard himself. If every copy of this edition is sold, the proceeds will barely cover the cost of issuing it. There will be no compensation for the devotion, and time, and toil, it has cost the indefatigable worker who composed it. Our gratitude is all we can offer for that, and we render it spontaneously and abundantly to one who is too modest to appreciate how much we owe him.
HARRY I. BODLEY, Rector of St. Mark's Church.
NEW BRITAIN, CONN. Lent, 1907.
Special thanks are also due to the Rev. Harry I. Bodley for his kind encouragement and advice; for his appreciation of my work; for listening always with interest to dry details of newly discovered facts, and for the aid given me in various ways from beginning to end, without which, the preparation of this volume would have been a much greater task.
THE AUTHOR.
I. THE CHURCH IN AMERICA
THE CHURCH IN AMERICA
HISTORY
Every English ship that came early to this continent or to its borders had on board a Chaplain of the Church of England whose duty it was to perform Divine Service daily, according to the rules of that Church. Without doubt John Cabot in 1497 carried with him to America in his ship "The Matthew " some minister of the Church of England. In 1498 a priest going to New Foundland was granted a royal bounty. Early in the sixteenth century, a canon of St. Paul's, London, was at St. John's, New Foundland, for a while. But these were of the unreformed Church.
In 1553 the explorers under Sir Hugh Willoughby had with them Master Richard Stafford, Minister of their three ships. This fleet was the first in America to have prayers and preach- ing under the reformed Church of England. The Chaplain of Frobisher's expedition performed Divine Service along the shores of Maine and the Provinces in 1577. On May 31, 1578, on the shores of Hudson's Bay, "Master Wolfall celebrated a Communion upon land" for the Captain and others. This worthy man was the first missionary priest of the Reformed Church of England who ministered on American shores and the ice fields of the North.
On June 21, 1579, the Rev. Mr. Fletcher, Chaplain to Sir Francis Drake, landed where California now is and performed religious services for six weeks. He was the first clergyman who used the Book of Common Prayer in the territory now embraced in the United States.
It was expressly stated in the first charter for an English Colony in America, which was granted to Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, that the laws of the new settlement should not be "against the true Christian faith or religion now professed in
I6
THE CHURCH
the Church of England" and the first law enjoined on taking possession of St. John's Harbor, New Foundland, was that the Colony's religion should be "in public exercise according to the Church of England."
In July, 1584, Raleigh's first expedition landed at Roanoke Island, North Carolina, where Divine Service was then per- formed.
Sir Thomas Hariot labored in Virginia, (now North Caro- lina,) and records his use of the Prayer Book among "the poor infidels" in 1585. He was one of the "first lay readers in the American Church." The first baptisms in America occurred in Raleigh's second colony, under Governor White. Manteo, an Indian Chief, was baptized Aug. 13, 1587, at Roanoke Island, N. C., and seven days later Virginia Dare was baptized, the first white child born in America of English parents. In 1589, Raleigh assigned his patent to a company of merchants and gave them one hundred pounds sterling "in especial regard and zeal of planting the Christian religion in those barbarous countries." This donation was the first contribution directly for missionary work in America.
In 1602 and 3, Gosnold and Pring commanded expeditions which landed on the New England coast. (Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard.) They had as lay reader one William Salterne, who was ordained shortly after his return to England. He was the first to use the Book of Common Prayer in what is now called New England. Bishop Perry says there is every reason to believe that "the prayers and praises of the Leyden settlers were anticipated by the forms of the Church of England in the very locality where the Pilgrim fathers lived and died."
In 1605, an expedition sailed from Bristol, Eng. under Cap- tain Richard Weymouth, with the declared object of "promul- gating of God's Holy Church by planting Christianity." They sailed up the Penobscot and erected a cross near Belfast, Me. The savages who attended their worship were much impressed. Some of these savages were taken to England and educated.
The first service of a permanent Church in America was at Jamestown, where the Virginia Colony landed, May 13, 1607, with the Rev. Robert Hunt, M.A., as their Chaplain. A rustic
I7
IN AMERICA.
altar was erected and the Holy Communion celebrated for the first time June 21, 1607. The Virginia charter provided "that the true word and service of God be preached, planted, and used, according to the rites and doctrine of the Church of England." Virginia never intermitted.
The first clergyman to preach the Gospel in the English tongue in New England was the Rev. Richard Seymour of the Popham Colony, who preached at the mouth of the Kennebec River, Maine, Aug. 9, 1607. The Indians who went to Eng- land in 1605 returned with the Popham Colony and are thought to have become missionaries among their fellow red men. These Episcopal Indians afterwards rendered valuable service to the Plymouth Pilgrims. The first church building in America was erected by this Popham Colony in the fall of 1607, a little in advance of the erection of the church at James- town, but the church in Maine was abandoned in 1608, when the Colony returned to England.
The first marriage recorded in America took place at James- town, Va., in 1608.
About 1610, a Church was organized at Hampton, Va., after which we have no religious history until the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth in 1620. Shortly after their coming the Rev. William Blackstone settled at Boston, Mass., and was the first Church of England clergyman to settle within the bounds of Massachusetts. Mather speaks of him as one of the "Godly Episcopalians."
In 1623, the Rev. William Morrell came over with Robert Gorges and a Colony was formed at Weymouth, Mass. He was the authorized Ecclesiastical Commissioner, but he returned to England in about a year. The first settlers in the New Hampshire Colony, 1623, were Churchmen.
In 1629, two brothers, John and Samuel Brown, worshipped with Prayer Books at their house in Salem, Mass., and were joined by some of their neighbors. They were denounced as ringleaders of a faction and sent back to England. Samuel Marverick, a Churchman in Boston, was about this time sub- jected to a number of persecutions. The same year, under the authority of Virginia, William Clayborn established a trading station on Kent Island, Maryland. The Rev. Richard James
18
THE CHURCH
of the English Church was with him and was the first Christian minister in Maryland.
In 1630, the Rev. William Blackstone of Boston sold his farm and removed to Rhode Island, settling a few miles north of Providence on the river which still bears his name. He was the first white inhabitant of that state as well as the first minister.
The charter of Maryland was granted June 30, 1632, to Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, whose company landed at St. Mary's, March 27, 1634. A chapel was erected here in 1635 for services of the English Church.
After the settlement of Rhode Island, 1635, the Rev. William Blackstone frequently went to Providence to preach the Gospel.
In 1636, William Gorges came out with a patent for the terri- tory of Maine, which patent established the Church of England as the religion of the Colony. The first regularly settled minis- ter was the Rev. Richard Gibson, 1637, who spent about seven years at Saco, Me. The Rev. Robert Jordan about this time served as an itinerant minister. In 1638 a church and par- sonage had been built at Portsmouth, N. H., and the Rev. Mr. Gibson of Saco, Me., called as Rector. The parish was organized in 1640 and was probably the first organization of the kind in New England.
In 1638, Archbishop Laud designed sending a Bishop to New England, but his plans were thwarted by the outbreak of troubles in Scotland. [Hawkins' Historical Notices of the Missions of the Church of England, p. 376.]
In 1641, New Hampshire came under the authority of Massa- chusetts and Episcopalians had to suffer. The same year a report was made to Gov. Winthrop that the people of Saco, in Maine, "were much addicted to Episcopacy." In 1642, Richard Gibson of Portsmouth, N. H., was tried in Boston for baptizing infants and solemnizing marriages at the Isle of Shoals accord- ing to the ritual of the Church of England. He was banished by the Puritans and never returned. The Church at Ports- mouth has no history for ninety years after this.
About 1642 certain Puritan ministers were recommended by the Governor of Massachusetts to the Council of Virginia, where pious people had invited them to labor, but the next year
19
IN AMERICA.
they were forced to leave that Episcopal stronghold and return to Massachusetts.
In 1644-5, Massachusetts by law forbade under heavy penal- ties the use of the Prayer Book in public or private, and all copies of it were to be delivered up.
In 1646 a Swedish Episcopal church was built at Tinicum, which was the first church in Pennsylvania, and its Rector, the Rev. John Campanius, was at work nearly forty years before William Penn's arrival. In this year also petitions were presented at Boston for permission to use the Prayer Book, which were answered by punishing the petitioners for sedition. These petitions were repeated in 1664 with the same result.
In 1648, the Congregationalists formed a Church in Virginia with 118 members, but its Elder, Mr. Durand, was soon banished, and afterwards its pastor, Mr. Harrison, was obliged · to depart.
On October 16, 1660, the Rev. Robert Jordan, who lived thirty-one years at Falmouth (now Portland), Me., preaching, except when silenced by the Puritans, was before the General Court of Massachusetts for baptizing children and warned not to repeat the offence. He was finally imprisoned.
In 1661, Robert Boyle, Esq., was appointed the first governor of a company incorporated by His Majesty " For the Propaga- tion of the Gospel among the Heathen Nations of New Eng- land." This grew out of a missionary society which was formed in England in 1649.
There was no Episcopal Service in New York until the Eng- lish came there to reside, when it was expressly stipulated that liberty of conscience should be enjoyed by all. The first service of record was by the Rev. Charles Wolley, 1678, but it is pro- able that the English used the Dutch church in the Fort for their Prayer Book service. The service in the Fort was all the footing that the English Church had in New York for more than thirty years. The Rev. Alexander Innes succeeded Mr. Clark as the "orthodox " chaplain at the Fort.
In 1679, Robert Jordan, the itinerant preacher of Maine, died. He was the sole priest of the Church in New England who was faithful to his ordination vows. The words of Com- mon Prayer were not heard again in Maine for eighty years,
20
THE CHURCH
aside from that of John Gyles, a lay reader who read prayers at the garrison from 1683 to 1688.
About the time of Jordan's death, 1679, several persons peti- tioned the Bishop of London that a Church of England be allowed in Boston, which was granted, and King's Chapel was established among as bitter enemies as the Church has ever encountered on this continent. About this time Bishop Comp- ton, of London, made inquiry as to how the Foreign Plantation was provided with clergymen and found that there were not above four ministers of the Church of England in North America.
The first clergyman of the Church to appear in South Caro- lina was the Rev. Atkin Williamson, about 1680.
The Charter to William Penn of Pennsylvania, 1681, pro- vided that if twenty persons should apply to the Bishop of Lon- don for a clergyman, that he might reside in the Province with- out any denial or molestation.
The first church in South Carolina was erected about 1682 on the site now occupied by St. Michael's Church, at Charleston.
The Church in America was without a head until 1685, when the Rev. James Blair, D.D., came as missionary to Virginia under the Bishop of London. He was for nine years Rector of Henrico Parish and in 1689 was appointed Commissary and performed such oversight of the clergy for the Bishop as he could without actually being a Bishop.
On May 23, 1686, the Rev. Robert Ratcliffe read Common Prayer and preached in his surplice at the Town House in Boston, which was so great a novelty to the Bostonians that he had a very large audience. On June 15, the members of the Church of England assembled for organization. They held their services in the town hall for some time, but finally arranged to hold them in the South Meeting House after the Puritans were through.
The first New England Almanac with the holidays of the Episcopal Church noted in its calendar, was published by John Tulley of Saybrook, Conn., for the year 1687 and afterwards until 1702. It was also the first one that began the year with January instead of March. It was printed in Massachusetts,
2I
IN AMERICA.
as there was no printing press then in Connecticut. [Albert C. Bates in Connecticut Quarterly, Vol. IV, 409.]
In 1689, King's Chapel was erected on the site of the present edifice and was opened for service June 30.
During the revolution against the King, the Governor and others were imprisoned and the Chaplain was obliged to flee. The chapel was mutilated and subjected to the grossest indigni- ties. The Prayer Book was held up to ridicule in a series of pamphlets and those who continued its use were denominated "Papist dogs and rogues, idolaters, and the like."
The King's instructions to Governors Andros of Massa- chusetts and Dongan of New York were that they should "take especial care that God Almighty be devoutely and duly served throughout your Government; the Book of Common Prayer read each Sunday and Holy day, and the Blessed Sacraments administered according to the Rites of the Church of England."
In 1691, the Rev. James Blair of Virginia was sent to Eng- land for a charter for William and Mary College to be a semin- ary for the education of fit men for the sacred ministry. The first commencement was held in 1700.
Christ Church, Philadelphia, the first in that place, was erected in 1695, and the first clergyman to officiate in it was the Rev. Richard Sewall of Maryland. Its first Rector was the Rev. Thomas Clayton.
The earliest permanent Church in Rhode Island was Trinity Church of Newport, under the preaching of the Rev. Mr. Lockyer and the patronage of Sir Francis Nicholson, who has been called the founder of the Church of Rhode Island.
An act was passed in South Carolina in 1698 "to settle a maintenance on a Minister of the Church of England in Charleston." Outside of Charleston there was but one clergy- man of the Church in 1700.
The Rev. Dr. Bray returned to England in 1701 and had the honor of obtaining the charter of the Society for the Propaga- tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. This Society is referred to in history as the S. P. G.
The charter recites that it is our duty "to promote the Glory of God, by the instruction of our People in the Christian
22
THE CHURCH
religion" and to accomplish that end, arranged that "a sufficient maintenance be provided for an Orthodox Clergy to live amongst" the people in those parts. At this time South Caro- lina had 7,000 souls besides negroes and Indians living without any minister of the church. North Carolina had 5,000 without any minister. Virginia had 40,000 divided into 40 parishes with about half the number of clergymen. Maryland had only about 25,000 and only about 13 clergymen. Pennsylvania had 20,000 with only 700 who attended church and only 250 communicants. New York had 30,000 with 1,200 church attendants and 450 communicants. The two Jerseys had 15,000 with 600 church attendants and 200 communicants. Connecti- cut had 30,800 with 150 church attendants and 35 communi- cants. In the other New England Colonies there were 90,000 with 750 church attendants and 150 communicants.
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