History of the Colony of New Haven, Before and After the Union with Connecticut: Containing a., Part 1

Author: Edward Rodolphus Lambert
Publication date: 1838
Publisher: Hitchcock & Stafford
Number of Pages: 239


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BENJAMIN DE FOREST CURTISS


Watertown Library Association


watertown, Conn.


July 190


no 137n + 1-2


This Book may be retained two weeks ; after that time the holder will be subject to a fine of Ten (10) Cents per week.


OCT 1 2 1931 NOV 1 6 1931


50 BSig, 75


From


Benj De Forest Quartier


P


RESENTED IN MEMORY OF


ANNIE NELSON BAILEY, 1000 1919


MY HER SON THOMAS A. BAILEY, AND


HIS WIFE SYLVIA DEAN BAILEY TO THE


STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES


13.52 2 171


.8039


HISTORY


OF THE


COLONY OF NEW HAVEN,


BEFORE AND AFTER


THE UNION WITH CONNECTICUT.


CONTAINING A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION


OF THE TOWNS WHICH COMPOSED THAT GOVERNMENT, VIZ.,


NEW HAVEN, MILFORD, GUILFORD,


BRANFORD,


STAMFORD, &


-


SOUTHOLD, L. I.


WITH A NOTICE OF THE TOWNS WHICH HAVE BEEN SET OFF FROM


"THE ORIGINAL SIX." Illustrated by fifty Engravings.


.


QUI


SUST.


TRANS-


BY Edward R. Lambert.


NEW HAVEN: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HITCHCOCK & STAFFORD.


1838.


1


·


ENTERED, According to Act of Congress, in the year 1838, BY EDWARD R. LAMBERT, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Connecticut.


·


.


·


PREFACE.


AUTHENTIC history is of high importance. It exhibits the juris- prudence, science, morals, and religion of nations, and while it warns to shun their errors, holds forth their virtues for imitation in bold relief. But where is the history more interesting and important than that of our own, " our much loved native land," that abounds in incidents more romantic, or narrative more thrilling? But a little more than two centuries have elapsed since the first band of the " Puritan Fathers" left their native home, crossed the wild Atlantic, landed on the snow-clad rock of Plymouth, and laid the first foundation stone of New England. Within this period a change has here taken place, and in our common country unparalleled in the history of mankind. A great and powerful nation has arisen. The desert has been made " to bud and blossom as the rose." And what but the sword of civil discord can arrest the giant march of improvement, (yet advancing with accelerating rapidity,) till " the noblest empire in the reign of time" shall extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific wave. In what has thus far been done in building np our republic, the " Old Colony of New Haven" has full well performed ber part. She was one of the first that conceived, and that first practically exemplified the principle, that the will of the majority of the people shall govern: a principle which resulted in our national independence, which bids fair to sap the throne of despot- ism, and to regenerate the world. She furnished her " full quota. of men and money," when the chariot of war was driven over the land, and nations were engaged in murderous strife. She has sent forth her proportion of emigrants to settle distant parts of our re- public, and her sons may be found throughout the length and breadth of the land.


To give a particular history of this colony, and to rescue many important and highly Interesting facts connected with more general history, which have never before been given to the public, is the object of the following pages. Should it be thought by any, that things too minute are inserted, let such consider, that whatever is found on our early records relating to the settlement of the country is important to the historian, as it helps to a knowledge of the prim- itive character, and that many things which now appear of little value, may hereafter be deemed of much importance. In fact, every thing relating to the history of the colonization of New England is worthy of preservation.


No trouble has been spared in collecting materials; every page of twenty folio volumes of Milford records have been carefully ex- amined, as also the old colony records, the town and proprietors' records of New Haven; and besides, the state records at Hartford, and the town records of Guilford, Branford, Stamford, and Southold, have been more or less read in reference to this object. For the account of Guilford, the author is principally indebted to the man- uscript history of that town, written in 1769, by Mr. Thomas Ruggles. The author returns his grateful acknowledgments to those gentlemen who have assisted him in his researches, or in any way contributed information, and especially to William Lyon, Esq., and Mr. John W. Barber, of New Haven, for the loan of rare works and manuscripts. The following is a list of the principal authors made use of, in preparing this work, viz .: Neal's History of Now


4


PREFACE.


England; Prince's Annals; Trumbull's History of Connecticut; Barber's Historical Collections of Connecticut, and History and Antiquities of New Haven ; Holme's Annals of America ; Wood's History of Long Island; Webster's Letters; Stiles' History of the Regicides ; and Mather's Magnalia.


Respecting the chronology of this work, all dates of the month previous to the 14th of September, 1752, are old style, and all after, are new style. The year, however, between the Ist of January and the 25th of March, (before the adoption of new style,) is uniformly treated where a double date is not given, as new style. As a brief explanation of the cause of the difference of style, the following is inserted : "When the computation by the Christian era was introdu- ced, the commencement of the year was fixed on the day of the annun- ciation, or incarnation of Christ, which event (the nativity being fixed Dec. 25th) was placed on the 25th of March. This continued the commencement of the year in England and her dominions till the alteration of the style, in 1752, when, by an act of parliament, it was enacted that eleven days should be struck out of the month of September, and that the 3d should be dated the 14th, and one day added to February every fourth year, to conform their chronology to that of the other nations of Europe, (who bad introduced a simi- lar alteration previously, in order to correct the error arising from the procession of the equinoxes;) and that the year should com- mence on the 1st of January, instead of the 25th of March. Before that time, to preserve a correspondency of dates with those of other nations, it had been usual to give a double date from the Ist of Jan- uary to the 25th of March ; thus February the 12th, 1721, was written " ffebruary ye 12th, 17" :" the omission of the lower number would


·


1 cause an error of a year. Anachronisms in American history have thus been occasioned by the inattention of historians to this circum- stance attending the old style. It is believed, however, that all dates in this work are correct. Concerning the extracts from the early records, inserted in this work, the author would observe, that the orthography and style of composition has been carefully retained, believing it would detract from the interest of a respective subject, if dressed in modern style. The section, "Sketch of Olden Times," it is believed will be to the reader a source of amusement, if not of instruction. It is the recital of the doings, and portrays the charac- teristics, of bygone generations. By the perusal the imagination may hold communion with the departed spirits of antiquity.


The labor in collecting materials has been very great, and any thing like a fair remuneration is not expected. The stimulus is solely con amore, a desire to have the facts in convenient form for reference. And if this example should induce others, " of kindred feelings and adequate industry," to make similar collections of local history of other sections of the country, the hopes of the author will be yet more fully accomplished. The learned Timothy Dwight, late President of Yale College, recommended every town in the state to publish its history, and although this has been effected in part by Mr. John W. Barber, in his Historical Collections, yet much more should be done. We do not claim perfection for this work, and if our readers discover any inaccuracies, they will remember that errore humanum est.


January 1st, 1838.


.


LIST OF ENGRAVINGS ..


Map of New Haven and vicinity,


-


Seal of Connecticut, -


South view of New Haven and Fort Hale, 40 Signature of Governor Eaton, &c., 43


Indian marks, Momauguin's and others, 45


Indian marks, Montowese, &c., 46


South west view of Gov. Eaton's house,


52


Plan of the city of New Haven,


58


View of the first College, 65 Seal of Yale College, 66


Signature of Gov. Winthrop, - 75 .


East view of the Public Square in New Haven,


79


Eastern view of Trinity Church, New Haven,


79


View of Connecticut State Hospital,


82.


1 South view of Fair Haven, (western part,) 83


·


Indian marks, Ansantaway and others,


-


8%


Indian marks, Toutonomac, &c.,


87


Milford town seal,


.


98


Plan of the town of Milford, 93


Ground plan of the first meeting-house,


104


South view of the first meeting-house,


104


South view of Congregational Churches,


106


South view of the Episcopal Church and Town House, 115


Signature of Gov. Saltonstall,


-


124


Southwest view of Gov. Treat's house, 138


Gov. Treat's signature, -


138


Southeast view of Gov. Law's house,


140


1*


-


West view of East Haven, -


Southeast view of Yale College, 63


6


LIST OF ENGRAVINGS.


Gov. Law's signature, - . 140


East view of Poconoc, or Milford Point, 146


South view of New Milford, -


153


Indian marks, and sketch of Wiantinoque purchase, 153


Southern view of Guilford, -


160


Signature of Gov. Leete, . 168


View of Gov. Leete's house, 168


Ancient house at Guilford, - 169


West view of Branford,


172


Southwest view of Stamford,


175


View of Southold, 180


Cochran's hotel and Universalist Church, - 185


194


Fac-simile of a Bay shilling, -


Fac-simile of a coin of Charles II., 195


Treasury bill of Connecticut, - 196


Likeness of Gov. Yale, ʻ 197


Geneaological tree, and coat of arms, - 205


Southeast view of J. Lambert's house, 209


Signature of J. Lambert, 209


South view of J. Lambert's house, East Farms, 210


Fac-simile,


- 216


.


.


.


-


·


CONTENTS.


COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.


Introductory remarks, .


13


Voyages of the Cabots,


13


Other early voyages to New England,


14


The London and Plymouth Companies,


·


14


Puritans : Mr. Robinson and congregation-Plymouth colony, Early settlements in Massachusetts,


15


Proclamation to restrain emigration,


17


First settlements made in Connecticut,


17


Setttlement of Saybrook-Progress of settlements in Conn., 18 War with the Pequots, 19 20 21


Indians in New Haven colony,


Formation of New Haven government,


Agreement relating to Milford, ·


Articles of confederation,


First jurisdiction tax,


. Courts of the colony,


.


Danger from the Indians,


Orders of the General Court for the public defense,


The Mosaic law adopted for the government of the colony, Governor's oatb,


28 28 29


Ship taken as a prize,


29 30 31


First troop of .horse raised,


Tax and price of produce, .


Charter of Connecticut obtained from Charles II.,


Union of the colonies of New Haven and Connecticut, General officers of the colony,


General officers after the union,


End of the Dutch power in America,


County courts first instituted-King Philip's war,


Committee of Safety appointed, (extract from records,) Quo Warranto's against the charter of Connecticut, French and Indian wars,


34 35 36 37


General Court of Connecticut first held at New Haven, First paper money issued in Connecticut,


38 38


Territory of Connecticut west of Pennsylvania, .


39


Remarks on Connecticut, 39


.


16


·


22 23 24 25 26 27


Union of the New England colonies,


Freeman's charge-Trouble from the Dutch,


Gov. Eaton's law book,


31 31 32 32 33 34


.


8


CONTENTS.


NEW HAVEN.


Situation of New Haven, . .


40


Quinnipiack Indians-Arrival of the colonists at Boston, 41 Mr. Eaton's Letter to the General Court of Massachusetts, . 42


Arrival of the colony at New Haven, . ·


First sermon preached-Plantation covenant,


44


Quinnipiack purchased of the Indians,


Second purchase,


Fundamental articles,


Churches organized,


Millinarians,


Organization of civil government,


50 50 51


New Haven laid out-Gov. Eaton's house, &c.,


52


Order concerning the house lots,


53


First meeting-house,


53


Order concerning the military,


53


Order concerning common fields,


53


List of Planters,


54 55


New Haven purchase on the Delaware,


56


Southold purchased by New Haven,


57


Ship built at Rhode Island, -


57


New Haven Phantom Ship, .


Treaty for Galloway, in Ireland,


Account of the Regicides,


Project of establishing a College, . Hopkins' Grammar School,


Remonstrance of Mass. against a college in New Haven, Account of Yale College,


History of the first church and beginning of the second,


Episcopal society,


Churches of other denominations,


Patent of New Haven,


New Haven incorporated a city,


British attack New Haven,


76 76


Celebration of peace, .


Public square or green,


Site of New Haven,


Harbor,


Soil of New Haven,


Population of New Haven,


81 82


State Hospital,


82 83


Fair Haven,


83 83


WALLINGFORD,


83


NORTH HAVEN,


84


HAMDEN,


84


EAST HAVEN,


84


First iron works,


84


.


78 79 80 80 81


Public buildings, &c.,


Botanic Physicians,


Westville, ·


57 58 58 62 63


63 63 69 74 75 75


Settlement of Greenwich, .


44 45 46


43


.


CONTENTS.


9


MILFORD.


Situation and first purchase of Milford, .


85


Manner of transacting the Business-After purchases, Indian Neck,


Quit claim from the Indians, ·


87


Purchase above Derby and New Haven road,


87


Two Bit Purchase-One Bit purchase,


88


Settlement of the town,


89


List of first Planters,


89


Number of first planters,


90


Removal of fourteen of the first settlers, 91


91


Formation of their civil polity-Five judges chosen,


92


Planters located on Mill river and West End brook,


93


Location and quantity of land in house lots,


93


Houses of settlers-First mill in the colony,


94


Town named,


94


Meeting-house and bridge built, .


94


Common fields and divisions of land-Sequestered lands,


95 .


Regulations of common fields and gates-Town flock of sheep, Lands sequestered for the church,


96


Lands to be recorded-List of town clerks-Roads, Foot paths Bridges-Ferries, ·


99


Hog Rock legend,


100


First church organized, · ·


100


Covenant-Record of Mr. Prudden's ordination,


101


Provisions for the support of ministers-Salaries, ·


103


Description of the first meeting-house, ·


104


Second and third meeting-houses of first society,


105 106


Origin of the second society,


106


Erect a meeting-house,


107


Ministers prosecuted for preaching,


108


Society released from taxes to first society,


108


Settled ministers of the society,


109


Salary of ministers of second society,


109


Episcopal society-Church erected,


109


Baptist Society,


110


Burying Grounds, .


110


Hearse-Fevers and small pox-Inoculation house,


111


Mineral physicians-Botanical physicians, ·


112


Schools-First receipt of money from the school fund, School districts, ·


113


Subject of the western lands-Town houses, .


114


Academy building-Libraries-Public houses, Mills,


118


Trade and commerce,


120


Ship building-Early mechanics,


121


Ancient Boundaries, .


122


Encouragement for raising hops,


·


122


·


Succeeding pastors,


102


Bell and town clock,


96


97.


List of the principal after planters, 90


The planters led to Milford by Thomas Tibbals,


86


86


113


116


10


CONTENTS.


Old patent of the town-New patent, . .


123


Lands owned in various places by planters, 125 ·


Planters' estates in England unsold, 126


Indian villages-Indian burying places, 126


Indian implements, &c .- Indian wampum-Indian counting, Measures for security against the Indians, . Indians attempt to burn the town,


Houses fortified,


129


Battle between the Wepowages and Mohawks, Indian fort destroyed,


130


Land appropriated for the Indians at Turkey Hill, Potatuck Indians-Visit of Champlain Indians,


130


Fate of the Indians,


131


Military companies, and orders concerning,


131


Services rendered by the town in the early wars, Proceedings of the town in the revolutionary war, Landing of British soldiers at Pond Point,


133


Tories banished,


135


Soldiers landed from a prison ship,


136


Guard kept in the late war, .


136


Leading men of the first planters,


136


Notice of Govenor Treat,


136


Notice of the Sherman family,


141


.Notice of Abraham Clark, of New Jersey,


143


Notice of Colonel Samuel Eells, Notice of Colonel Roger Newton,


143


Notice of Gideon Buckingham,


144


Persons of collegiate education,


144


Regicides secreted,


144


Geological Features,


144


Milford marble,


144


Mer dows and Swamps,


145


Rivers,


Fishing places-Poconoc Point-Oyster acts, &c., .


146


Milford Island,


147


Milford Island legend,


147


Harbor-Proposed breakwater,


148


Barwell's Farm,


148


Wheeler's Farm,


149


Character of inhabitants, &c.,


149


Towns settled by Milford people.


NEWARK,


150


GREENWICH, .


·


. 152


NEW MILFORD,


152


NEWTOWN,


155


DURHAM,


155


.


Towns which once belonged to Milford.


DERBY, .


· 156


. WOODBRIDGE, .


· 157


ORANGE,


.


.


. 158


127


127


128


129


130


132


135


Notice of Governor Law, .


139


143


145


.


.


.


CONTENTS. .


11


GUILFORD.


Situation and boundary-Settlement commenced,


160


First purchase of the Indians,


After purchases-List of first planters, ·


Agreement between the planters,


.


Division of lands-Order for clearing land,


163


Plan of organizing their church-Notice of Mr. Whitefield, 164


Succeeding ministers-Other congregational societies, 165 Episcopal churches-Public officers and courts, 166


Early military discipline, &c .- Notice Mr. Desborough, 167


Notice of Gov. Leete, 167


Notice of Mr. Andrew Leete, 168. ·


Mr. Whitefield's residence, :


169


Mr. Whitefield's estate-Soil of the township,


170


Rivers and harbor-Borough of Guilford,


170


Watering places Character of inhabitants,


171


Patent of Guilford,


171


MADISON,


. 171


BRANFORD.


Situation-First purchase and Indian name, . 172


Granted to Samuel Eaton-Sold to Wethersfield people,


172


Mr. Pierson and people unite in the settlement, .


172


Notice of Mr. Pierson, ·


172


Progress of the settlement,


·


173


Planter's displeased with the union of New Haven with Con- necticut-Remove to Newark, N. J., . 173 ·


Town re-settled and re-invested with town privileges,


·


174


Patent of Branford-Soil and surface of the land, 174


Kivers and islands-Public square, churches, &c., .


174


NORTH BRANFORD,


·


. 174


STAMFORD.


Situation-First purchase by New Haven people, 175


Subsequent agreement, 175


First planters Cause of their removal from Wethersfield, 175


Bought of New Haven-Principal settlers, 176


Notice of Mr. Denton, 177


Subsequent ministers-Magistrates and other officers, 177


Danger from the Indians-Parts of the town fortified, 177


Dutch and Indians at war-Notice of Capt. Underhill,


177


Indians design a general massacre-Mr. Whitmore killed, 178 Town on the point of revolt from New Haven, 178


Patent of Stamford-Size of the township, surface, and soil, 178


Borough-Churches and other buildings, ·


179


Sloop canal, harbor, &c .- Southfield and Shipan Point,


· 179 DARIEN, .


.


179


·


160


161


162


.


12


CONTENTS.


SOUTHOLD, L. I.


Purchased under the authority of New Haven, .


180


Planters remove from New Haven to the place, 180


Settled in combination with New Haven, 180


Some of the leading men-Civil and ecclesiastical affairs, 180


First meeting-house-Ministers, 181 ·


Notice of the Young family-Attention to religion, 181 .


Difficulty of restricting free suffrage in the church, 182


· Southold claimed by Connecticut, 188


Averse to coming under the government of New York, The Corchaug Indians,


182


Hostilities of Ninnigrate to the Long Island Indians, ·


133


Indians troublesome,


183


Language of Long Island Indians-List of Indians words, 184


Situation and extent of Southold-Boundaries, . 184


Patent from Sir Edmund Andross, 184


Island belonging to the town-Gull Island Light House, 184


Public buildings-Seminary,


185


Greenport and other villages, ·


.


.


.


· 185


SKETCH OF OLDEN TIMES.


Religious intolerance of first colonists,


186


Regard for the Sabbath,


187


Congregational church established by law,


188


Announcement of time for meeting,


189


Opposition to Romish ceremonies,


189


Regard paid to ministers,


189


Seating the meeting-house,


.


190


Fasts and thanksgiving,


191


Election,


·


191


Formality of social intercourse,


192


Schools,


193


Method of trade,


193


Ancient coin,


194


Form of note of hand,


195


Form of Connecticut Treasury Notes,


196


Description style of dress,


197


Style of Architecture,


201


Farmer's table fare,


202


Table and other furniture,


203


Traveling conveyance,


203


Farming utensils,


204


Principal crops raised,


204


Concluding remarks, .


204


GENEALOGY OF THE LAMBERT FAMILY, .


·F


205


·


190


: Day of the week and month, reckoned by numbers, Belief in witchcraft, prodigies, &c.,


·


190


·


·


Specimen of given names, .


193


·


.


183


HISTORY


OF THE


COLONY OF NEW HAVEN, &c.


THE discovery and settlement of America by Europeans, was an event of the greatest importance, and one which every true American, and particularly every descendant from the original colonists, will ever delight to contemplate. Such being the fact, it is hoped that this work, though somewhat of a local nature, will not be wholly uninteresting. As a necessary pre- Jiminary, a short account will be given of some of the early voyages to New England, and of the colonization of the same, previous to the settlement of the towns which composed the " Old Jurisdiction of New Haven."


Whether the Egyptians, Romans, and Phonecians, before the Christian era, the Norwegians in the eighth century, and the Welch in the eleventh, had any knowledge of the conti- nent, it is not the purpose of this work to inquire. The claims , of England to these parts of America, were derived from the discoveries of John Cabot, (a Venetian resident of Bristol,) and his son Sebastian. In their first voyage, in 1495, they discovered land, supposed to have been Newfoundland. In a second voyage, made by Sebastian Cabot, in 1498, under commission from Henry VII., he fell in with the continent in latitude 56° north, on the 11th of June, (O. S.) Columbus the same year discovered, on the first of August, for the first time, the main land, near the isthmus of Darien. Thus it ap- pears, that the honor of first discovering the great American continent, justly belongs to Cabot.


A number of others made voyages of discovery to the new


2


14


HISTORY OF THE


world, during the time which elapsed between this event and the colonization of New England. Among these were Mar- tin Frobisher, in 1576, in search of the northwest passage,- Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in 1583,-Bartholomew Gosnald, in 1602, (who built a fort and began a plantation at Cattahunk, but soon returned,)-Martin Pringle, in 1603, who during the voyage entered Massachusetts bay,-Henry Hudson, in 1609, who discovered Long Island and the river which bears his name,-John Smith, in 1614, who formed a map of the coast, which on his return he presented to Prince Charles, who called the territory New England, (it having previously passed by the name of North Virginia, )-Thomas Dermer, in 1619, who, in passing from North to South Virginia, sailed between the main land and Long Island. He was probably the first Eu- ropean who explored the coast of Connecticut, and ascertain- ed Long Island to be entirely separated from the main land. But notwithstanding the many voyages made to New England at that period, and a number of attempts to establish a colony, no permanent settlement was effected till the pilgrim fathers landed at PLYMOUTH ROCK. For near a century from the time of the discovery of the continent by Cabot, the English · monarchs appear to have given but little attention to the coun- try, which was destined eventually to be annexed to their crown, and to be a great source of British opulence and power ; most of the voyages during that time being accom- plished by private enterprise. This in some measure may be accounted for by the unpropitious circumstances of the reign of those monarchs. It was reserved for the energy and perseverance of men who exiled themselves from the land of their nativity, for the sake of " civil and religious liberty," to successfully colonize New England.




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