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BENJAMIN DE FOREST CURTISS
Watertown Library Association
watertown, Conn.
July 190
no 137n + 1-2
This Book may be retained two weeks ; after that time the holder will be subject to a fine of Ten (10) Cents per week.
OCT 1 2 1931 NOV 1 6 1931
50 BSig, 75
From
Benj De Forest Quartier
P
RESENTED IN MEMORY OF
ANNIE NELSON BAILEY, 1000 1919
MY HER SON THOMAS A. BAILEY, AND
HIS WIFE SYLVIA DEAN BAILEY TO THE
STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
13.52 2 171
.8039
HISTORY
OF THE
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN,
BEFORE AND AFTER
THE UNION WITH CONNECTICUT.
CONTAINING A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION
OF THE TOWNS WHICH COMPOSED THAT GOVERNMENT, VIZ.,
NEW HAVEN, MILFORD, GUILFORD,
BRANFORD,
STAMFORD, &
-
SOUTHOLD, L. I.
WITH A NOTICE OF THE TOWNS WHICH HAVE BEEN SET OFF FROM
"THE ORIGINAL SIX." Illustrated by fifty Engravings.
.
QUI
SUST.
TRANS-
BY Edward R. Lambert.
NEW HAVEN: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HITCHCOCK & STAFFORD.
1838.
1
·
ENTERED, According to Act of Congress, in the year 1838, BY EDWARD R. LAMBERT, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Connecticut.
·
.
·
PREFACE.
AUTHENTIC history is of high importance. It exhibits the juris- prudence, science, morals, and religion of nations, and while it warns to shun their errors, holds forth their virtues for imitation in bold relief. But where is the history more interesting and important than that of our own, " our much loved native land," that abounds in incidents more romantic, or narrative more thrilling? But a little more than two centuries have elapsed since the first band of the " Puritan Fathers" left their native home, crossed the wild Atlantic, landed on the snow-clad rock of Plymouth, and laid the first foundation stone of New England. Within this period a change has here taken place, and in our common country unparalleled in the history of mankind. A great and powerful nation has arisen. The desert has been made " to bud and blossom as the rose." And what but the sword of civil discord can arrest the giant march of improvement, (yet advancing with accelerating rapidity,) till " the noblest empire in the reign of time" shall extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific wave. In what has thus far been done in building np our republic, the " Old Colony of New Haven" has full well performed ber part. She was one of the first that conceived, and that first practically exemplified the principle, that the will of the majority of the people shall govern: a principle which resulted in our national independence, which bids fair to sap the throne of despot- ism, and to regenerate the world. She furnished her " full quota. of men and money," when the chariot of war was driven over the land, and nations were engaged in murderous strife. She has sent forth her proportion of emigrants to settle distant parts of our re- public, and her sons may be found throughout the length and breadth of the land.
To give a particular history of this colony, and to rescue many important and highly Interesting facts connected with more general history, which have never before been given to the public, is the object of the following pages. Should it be thought by any, that things too minute are inserted, let such consider, that whatever is found on our early records relating to the settlement of the country is important to the historian, as it helps to a knowledge of the prim- itive character, and that many things which now appear of little value, may hereafter be deemed of much importance. In fact, every thing relating to the history of the colonization of New England is worthy of preservation.
No trouble has been spared in collecting materials; every page of twenty folio volumes of Milford records have been carefully ex- amined, as also the old colony records, the town and proprietors' records of New Haven; and besides, the state records at Hartford, and the town records of Guilford, Branford, Stamford, and Southold, have been more or less read in reference to this object. For the account of Guilford, the author is principally indebted to the man- uscript history of that town, written in 1769, by Mr. Thomas Ruggles. The author returns his grateful acknowledgments to those gentlemen who have assisted him in his researches, or in any way contributed information, and especially to William Lyon, Esq., and Mr. John W. Barber, of New Haven, for the loan of rare works and manuscripts. The following is a list of the principal authors made use of, in preparing this work, viz .: Neal's History of Now
4
PREFACE.
England; Prince's Annals; Trumbull's History of Connecticut; Barber's Historical Collections of Connecticut, and History and Antiquities of New Haven ; Holme's Annals of America ; Wood's History of Long Island; Webster's Letters; Stiles' History of the Regicides ; and Mather's Magnalia.
Respecting the chronology of this work, all dates of the month previous to the 14th of September, 1752, are old style, and all after, are new style. The year, however, between the Ist of January and the 25th of March, (before the adoption of new style,) is uniformly treated where a double date is not given, as new style. As a brief explanation of the cause of the difference of style, the following is inserted : "When the computation by the Christian era was introdu- ced, the commencement of the year was fixed on the day of the annun- ciation, or incarnation of Christ, which event (the nativity being fixed Dec. 25th) was placed on the 25th of March. This continued the commencement of the year in England and her dominions till the alteration of the style, in 1752, when, by an act of parliament, it was enacted that eleven days should be struck out of the month of September, and that the 3d should be dated the 14th, and one day added to February every fourth year, to conform their chronology to that of the other nations of Europe, (who bad introduced a simi- lar alteration previously, in order to correct the error arising from the procession of the equinoxes;) and that the year should com- mence on the 1st of January, instead of the 25th of March. Before that time, to preserve a correspondency of dates with those of other nations, it had been usual to give a double date from the Ist of Jan- uary to the 25th of March ; thus February the 12th, 1721, was written " ffebruary ye 12th, 17" :" the omission of the lower number would
·
1 cause an error of a year. Anachronisms in American history have thus been occasioned by the inattention of historians to this circum- stance attending the old style. It is believed, however, that all dates in this work are correct. Concerning the extracts from the early records, inserted in this work, the author would observe, that the orthography and style of composition has been carefully retained, believing it would detract from the interest of a respective subject, if dressed in modern style. The section, "Sketch of Olden Times," it is believed will be to the reader a source of amusement, if not of instruction. It is the recital of the doings, and portrays the charac- teristics, of bygone generations. By the perusal the imagination may hold communion with the departed spirits of antiquity.
The labor in collecting materials has been very great, and any thing like a fair remuneration is not expected. The stimulus is solely con amore, a desire to have the facts in convenient form for reference. And if this example should induce others, " of kindred feelings and adequate industry," to make similar collections of local history of other sections of the country, the hopes of the author will be yet more fully accomplished. The learned Timothy Dwight, late President of Yale College, recommended every town in the state to publish its history, and although this has been effected in part by Mr. John W. Barber, in his Historical Collections, yet much more should be done. We do not claim perfection for this work, and if our readers discover any inaccuracies, they will remember that errore humanum est.
January 1st, 1838.
.
LIST OF ENGRAVINGS ..
Map of New Haven and vicinity,
-
Seal of Connecticut, -
South view of New Haven and Fort Hale, 40 Signature of Governor Eaton, &c., 43
Indian marks, Momauguin's and others, 45
Indian marks, Montowese, &c., 46
South west view of Gov. Eaton's house,
52
Plan of the city of New Haven,
58
View of the first College, 65 Seal of Yale College, 66
Signature of Gov. Winthrop, - 75 .
East view of the Public Square in New Haven,
79
Eastern view of Trinity Church, New Haven,
79
View of Connecticut State Hospital,
82.
1 South view of Fair Haven, (western part,) 83
·
Indian marks, Ansantaway and others,
-
8%
Indian marks, Toutonomac, &c.,
87
Milford town seal,
.
98
Plan of the town of Milford, 93
Ground plan of the first meeting-house,
104
South view of the first meeting-house,
104
South view of Congregational Churches,
106
South view of the Episcopal Church and Town House, 115
Signature of Gov. Saltonstall,
-
124
Southwest view of Gov. Treat's house, 138
Gov. Treat's signature, -
138
Southeast view of Gov. Law's house,
140
1*
-
West view of East Haven, -
Southeast view of Yale College, 63
6
LIST OF ENGRAVINGS.
Gov. Law's signature, - . 140
East view of Poconoc, or Milford Point, 146
South view of New Milford, -
153
Indian marks, and sketch of Wiantinoque purchase, 153
Southern view of Guilford, -
160
Signature of Gov. Leete, . 168
View of Gov. Leete's house, 168
Ancient house at Guilford, - 169
West view of Branford,
172
Southwest view of Stamford,
175
View of Southold, 180
Cochran's hotel and Universalist Church, - 185
194
Fac-simile of a Bay shilling, -
Fac-simile of a coin of Charles II., 195
Treasury bill of Connecticut, - 196
Likeness of Gov. Yale, ʻ 197
Geneaological tree, and coat of arms, - 205
Southeast view of J. Lambert's house, 209
Signature of J. Lambert, 209
South view of J. Lambert's house, East Farms, 210
Fac-simile,
- 216
.
.
.
-
·
CONTENTS.
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.
Introductory remarks, .
13
Voyages of the Cabots,
13
Other early voyages to New England,
14
The London and Plymouth Companies,
·
14
Puritans : Mr. Robinson and congregation-Plymouth colony, Early settlements in Massachusetts,
15
Proclamation to restrain emigration,
17
First settlements made in Connecticut,
17
Setttlement of Saybrook-Progress of settlements in Conn., 18 War with the Pequots, 19 20 21
Indians in New Haven colony,
Formation of New Haven government,
Agreement relating to Milford, ·
Articles of confederation,
First jurisdiction tax,
. Courts of the colony,
.
Danger from the Indians,
Orders of the General Court for the public defense,
The Mosaic law adopted for the government of the colony, Governor's oatb,
28 28 29
Ship taken as a prize,
29 30 31
First troop of .horse raised,
Tax and price of produce, .
Charter of Connecticut obtained from Charles II.,
Union of the colonies of New Haven and Connecticut, General officers of the colony,
General officers after the union,
End of the Dutch power in America,
County courts first instituted-King Philip's war,
Committee of Safety appointed, (extract from records,) Quo Warranto's against the charter of Connecticut, French and Indian wars,
34 35 36 37
General Court of Connecticut first held at New Haven, First paper money issued in Connecticut,
38 38
Territory of Connecticut west of Pennsylvania, .
39
Remarks on Connecticut, 39
.
16
·
22 23 24 25 26 27
Union of the New England colonies,
Freeman's charge-Trouble from the Dutch,
Gov. Eaton's law book,
31 31 32 32 33 34
.
8
CONTENTS.
NEW HAVEN.
Situation of New Haven, . .
40
Quinnipiack Indians-Arrival of the colonists at Boston, 41 Mr. Eaton's Letter to the General Court of Massachusetts, . 42
Arrival of the colony at New Haven, . ·
First sermon preached-Plantation covenant,
44
Quinnipiack purchased of the Indians,
Second purchase,
Fundamental articles,
Churches organized,
Millinarians,
Organization of civil government,
50 50 51
New Haven laid out-Gov. Eaton's house, &c.,
52
Order concerning the house lots,
53
First meeting-house,
53
Order concerning the military,
53
Order concerning common fields,
53
List of Planters,
54 55
New Haven purchase on the Delaware,
56
Southold purchased by New Haven,
57
Ship built at Rhode Island, -
57
New Haven Phantom Ship, .
Treaty for Galloway, in Ireland,
Account of the Regicides,
Project of establishing a College, . Hopkins' Grammar School,
Remonstrance of Mass. against a college in New Haven, Account of Yale College,
History of the first church and beginning of the second,
Episcopal society,
Churches of other denominations,
Patent of New Haven,
New Haven incorporated a city,
British attack New Haven,
76 76
Celebration of peace, .
Public square or green,
Site of New Haven,
Harbor,
Soil of New Haven,
Population of New Haven,
81 82
State Hospital,
82 83
Fair Haven,
83 83
WALLINGFORD,
83
NORTH HAVEN,
84
HAMDEN,
84
EAST HAVEN,
84
First iron works,
84
.
78 79 80 80 81
Public buildings, &c.,
Botanic Physicians,
Westville, ·
57 58 58 62 63
63 63 69 74 75 75
Settlement of Greenwich, .
44 45 46
43
.
CONTENTS.
9
MILFORD.
Situation and first purchase of Milford, .
85
Manner of transacting the Business-After purchases, Indian Neck,
Quit claim from the Indians, ·
87
Purchase above Derby and New Haven road,
87
Two Bit Purchase-One Bit purchase,
88
Settlement of the town,
89
List of first Planters,
89
Number of first planters,
90
Removal of fourteen of the first settlers, 91
91
Formation of their civil polity-Five judges chosen,
92
Planters located on Mill river and West End brook,
93
Location and quantity of land in house lots,
93
Houses of settlers-First mill in the colony,
94
Town named,
94
Meeting-house and bridge built, .
94
Common fields and divisions of land-Sequestered lands,
95 .
Regulations of common fields and gates-Town flock of sheep, Lands sequestered for the church,
96
Lands to be recorded-List of town clerks-Roads, Foot paths Bridges-Ferries, ·
99
Hog Rock legend,
100
First church organized, · ·
100
Covenant-Record of Mr. Prudden's ordination,
101
Provisions for the support of ministers-Salaries, ·
103
Description of the first meeting-house, ·
104
Second and third meeting-houses of first society,
105 106
Origin of the second society,
106
Erect a meeting-house,
107
Ministers prosecuted for preaching,
108
Society released from taxes to first society,
108
Settled ministers of the society,
109
Salary of ministers of second society,
109
Episcopal society-Church erected,
109
Baptist Society,
110
Burying Grounds, .
110
Hearse-Fevers and small pox-Inoculation house,
111
Mineral physicians-Botanical physicians, ·
112
Schools-First receipt of money from the school fund, School districts, ·
113
Subject of the western lands-Town houses, .
114
Academy building-Libraries-Public houses, Mills,
118
Trade and commerce,
120
Ship building-Early mechanics,
121
Ancient Boundaries, .
122
Encouragement for raising hops,
·
122
·
Succeeding pastors,
102
Bell and town clock,
96
97.
List of the principal after planters, 90
The planters led to Milford by Thomas Tibbals,
86
86
113
116
10
CONTENTS.
Old patent of the town-New patent, . .
123
Lands owned in various places by planters, 125 ·
Planters' estates in England unsold, 126
Indian villages-Indian burying places, 126
Indian implements, &c .- Indian wampum-Indian counting, Measures for security against the Indians, . Indians attempt to burn the town,
Houses fortified,
129
Battle between the Wepowages and Mohawks, Indian fort destroyed,
130
Land appropriated for the Indians at Turkey Hill, Potatuck Indians-Visit of Champlain Indians,
130
Fate of the Indians,
131
Military companies, and orders concerning,
131
Services rendered by the town in the early wars, Proceedings of the town in the revolutionary war, Landing of British soldiers at Pond Point,
133
Tories banished,
135
Soldiers landed from a prison ship,
136
Guard kept in the late war, .
136
Leading men of the first planters,
136
Notice of Govenor Treat,
136
Notice of the Sherman family,
141
.Notice of Abraham Clark, of New Jersey,
143
Notice of Colonel Samuel Eells, Notice of Colonel Roger Newton,
143
Notice of Gideon Buckingham,
144
Persons of collegiate education,
144
Regicides secreted,
144
Geological Features,
144
Milford marble,
144
Mer dows and Swamps,
145
Rivers,
Fishing places-Poconoc Point-Oyster acts, &c., .
146
Milford Island,
147
Milford Island legend,
147
Harbor-Proposed breakwater,
148
Barwell's Farm,
148
Wheeler's Farm,
149
Character of inhabitants, &c.,
149
Towns settled by Milford people.
NEWARK,
150
GREENWICH, .
·
. 152
NEW MILFORD,
152
NEWTOWN,
155
DURHAM,
155
.
Towns which once belonged to Milford.
DERBY, .
· 156
. WOODBRIDGE, .
· 157
ORANGE,
.
.
. 158
127
127
128
129
130
132
135
Notice of Governor Law, .
139
143
145
.
.
.
CONTENTS. .
11
GUILFORD.
Situation and boundary-Settlement commenced,
160
First purchase of the Indians,
After purchases-List of first planters, ·
Agreement between the planters,
.
Division of lands-Order for clearing land,
163
Plan of organizing their church-Notice of Mr. Whitefield, 164
Succeeding ministers-Other congregational societies, 165 Episcopal churches-Public officers and courts, 166
Early military discipline, &c .- Notice Mr. Desborough, 167
Notice of Gov. Leete, 167
Notice of Mr. Andrew Leete, 168. ·
Mr. Whitefield's residence, :
169
Mr. Whitefield's estate-Soil of the township,
170
Rivers and harbor-Borough of Guilford,
170
Watering places Character of inhabitants,
171
Patent of Guilford,
171
MADISON,
. 171
BRANFORD.
Situation-First purchase and Indian name, . 172
Granted to Samuel Eaton-Sold to Wethersfield people,
172
Mr. Pierson and people unite in the settlement, .
172
Notice of Mr. Pierson, ·
172
Progress of the settlement,
·
173
Planter's displeased with the union of New Haven with Con- necticut-Remove to Newark, N. J., . 173 ·
Town re-settled and re-invested with town privileges,
·
174
Patent of Branford-Soil and surface of the land, 174
Kivers and islands-Public square, churches, &c., .
174
NORTH BRANFORD,
·
. 174
STAMFORD.
Situation-First purchase by New Haven people, 175
Subsequent agreement, 175
First planters Cause of their removal from Wethersfield, 175
Bought of New Haven-Principal settlers, 176
Notice of Mr. Denton, 177
Subsequent ministers-Magistrates and other officers, 177
Danger from the Indians-Parts of the town fortified, 177
Dutch and Indians at war-Notice of Capt. Underhill,
177
Indians design a general massacre-Mr. Whitmore killed, 178 Town on the point of revolt from New Haven, 178
Patent of Stamford-Size of the township, surface, and soil, 178
Borough-Churches and other buildings, ·
179
Sloop canal, harbor, &c .- Southfield and Shipan Point,
· 179 DARIEN, .
.
179
·
160
161
162
.
12
CONTENTS.
SOUTHOLD, L. I.
Purchased under the authority of New Haven, .
180
Planters remove from New Haven to the place, 180
Settled in combination with New Haven, 180
Some of the leading men-Civil and ecclesiastical affairs, 180
First meeting-house-Ministers, 181 ·
Notice of the Young family-Attention to religion, 181 .
Difficulty of restricting free suffrage in the church, 182
· Southold claimed by Connecticut, 188
Averse to coming under the government of New York, The Corchaug Indians,
182
Hostilities of Ninnigrate to the Long Island Indians, ·
133
Indians troublesome,
183
Language of Long Island Indians-List of Indians words, 184
Situation and extent of Southold-Boundaries, . 184
Patent from Sir Edmund Andross, 184
Island belonging to the town-Gull Island Light House, 184
Public buildings-Seminary,
185
Greenport and other villages, ·
.
.
.
· 185
SKETCH OF OLDEN TIMES.
Religious intolerance of first colonists,
186
Regard for the Sabbath,
187
Congregational church established by law,
188
Announcement of time for meeting,
189
Opposition to Romish ceremonies,
189
Regard paid to ministers,
189
Seating the meeting-house,
.
190
Fasts and thanksgiving,
191
Election,
·
191
Formality of social intercourse,
192
Schools,
193
Method of trade,
193
Ancient coin,
194
Form of note of hand,
195
Form of Connecticut Treasury Notes,
196
Description style of dress,
197
Style of Architecture,
201
Farmer's table fare,
202
Table and other furniture,
203
Traveling conveyance,
203
Farming utensils,
204
Principal crops raised,
204
Concluding remarks, .
204
GENEALOGY OF THE LAMBERT FAMILY, .
·F
205
·
190
: Day of the week and month, reckoned by numbers, Belief in witchcraft, prodigies, &c.,
·
190
·
·
Specimen of given names, .
193
·
.
183
HISTORY
OF THE
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN, &c.
THE discovery and settlement of America by Europeans, was an event of the greatest importance, and one which every true American, and particularly every descendant from the original colonists, will ever delight to contemplate. Such being the fact, it is hoped that this work, though somewhat of a local nature, will not be wholly uninteresting. As a necessary pre- Jiminary, a short account will be given of some of the early voyages to New England, and of the colonization of the same, previous to the settlement of the towns which composed the " Old Jurisdiction of New Haven."
Whether the Egyptians, Romans, and Phonecians, before the Christian era, the Norwegians in the eighth century, and the Welch in the eleventh, had any knowledge of the conti- nent, it is not the purpose of this work to inquire. The claims , of England to these parts of America, were derived from the discoveries of John Cabot, (a Venetian resident of Bristol,) and his son Sebastian. In their first voyage, in 1495, they discovered land, supposed to have been Newfoundland. In a second voyage, made by Sebastian Cabot, in 1498, under commission from Henry VII., he fell in with the continent in latitude 56° north, on the 11th of June, (O. S.) Columbus the same year discovered, on the first of August, for the first time, the main land, near the isthmus of Darien. Thus it ap- pears, that the honor of first discovering the great American continent, justly belongs to Cabot.
A number of others made voyages of discovery to the new
2
14
HISTORY OF THE
world, during the time which elapsed between this event and the colonization of New England. Among these were Mar- tin Frobisher, in 1576, in search of the northwest passage,- Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in 1583,-Bartholomew Gosnald, in 1602, (who built a fort and began a plantation at Cattahunk, but soon returned,)-Martin Pringle, in 1603, who during the voyage entered Massachusetts bay,-Henry Hudson, in 1609, who discovered Long Island and the river which bears his name,-John Smith, in 1614, who formed a map of the coast, which on his return he presented to Prince Charles, who called the territory New England, (it having previously passed by the name of North Virginia, )-Thomas Dermer, in 1619, who, in passing from North to South Virginia, sailed between the main land and Long Island. He was probably the first Eu- ropean who explored the coast of Connecticut, and ascertain- ed Long Island to be entirely separated from the main land. But notwithstanding the many voyages made to New England at that period, and a number of attempts to establish a colony, no permanent settlement was effected till the pilgrim fathers landed at PLYMOUTH ROCK. For near a century from the time of the discovery of the continent by Cabot, the English · monarchs appear to have given but little attention to the coun- try, which was destined eventually to be annexed to their crown, and to be a great source of British opulence and power ; most of the voyages during that time being accom- plished by private enterprise. This in some measure may be accounted for by the unpropitious circumstances of the reign of those monarchs. It was reserved for the energy and perseverance of men who exiled themselves from the land of their nativity, for the sake of " civil and religious liberty," to successfully colonize New England.
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