USA > Connecticut > New Haven County > New Haven > History of the Colony of New Haven, Before and After the Union with Connecticut: Containing a. > Part 9
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* On the site of this establishment, William Fowler built a mill, in 1645, which the town bought of him for 100l., January 3, 1659. Thomas Mitchel was miller.
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85
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.
of the principal workmen, during a season of great mortality, in 1679. The village bore their proportion of town and col- ony charges, and endured great hardships and dangers in at- tending meetings at New Haven. They had no church established until 1710. Their first minister was Mr. Jacob Heminway, a native of the village, and graduated at the college at Saybrook, under the presidency of the Rev. Abra- ham Pierson, in 1703.
East Haven was incorporated a distinct town in 1785. The center of the village is three and a half miles from New Haven. Agriculture and fishing is the principal business of the inhabitants.
MILFORD.
MILFORD is situated on Long Island Sound, (the center of the town,) ten miles southwest from New Haven, and is bounded west by the Housatonnuc river, southeast by Long Island Sound, and northeast by Orange. The settlement of the town was commenced in 1639. The first purchase was made of the Indians on the 12th of February,* of that year. It comprehended the tract of land lying between the East river and the Housatonnuc, and the sea with the Island south, and the two mile Indian path to Paugusset (Derby) north. The deed was taken by Mr. William Fowler, Edmund Tapp, Zachariah Whitman, Benjamin Fenn, and Alexander Bryan, in trust for the body of planters. The consideration was " 6 coats, 10 blankets, 1 kettle, 12 hatchets, 12 hoes, 2 dozen
· knives, and a dozen small glasses," (mirrors.) The instru- ment was signed on the day aforesaid, by the Sagamore and his council, as follows :
* This would be February 23d, New Style, on which day, in 1839, the centennial celebration of the first settlement of the town should be held.
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8
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86
HISTORY OF THE
ANSANTAWAY, his
mark.
ARRACOWSET,
his
mark.
ANSHUTA,
his
mark.
·
MANAMATQUE,
his
mark.
TATACENACOUSE, his
mark.
The business was transacted with much formality, and pos- session given according to the Indian method of "twig and turf." A twig and a piece of turf being brought to the Saga- more, he placed the end of the branch in the clod, and then gave it to the English as a token that he thereby surrendered to them the soil, with all the trees and appurtenances.
Afterwards, at different times, other purchases were made. The land between Paugusset and the " two mile Indian path," was bought by Ensign Bryan, Sergeant Baldwin, and Will- iam East, agents for the town, in 1655, for £5, in goods. The tract east of Indian river, and extending to New Haven purchase, eastward, and from the Indian path to Oyster river, south, to the foot-path from Paugusset to New Haven, north, was bought by Robert Treat, Esq., and Ensign Bryan, for the town, on the 20th of December, 1659, for the sum of £26, to be paid in goods.
The Indian Neck, lying between the East river and the Sound, was purchased by Ensign Alexander Bryan, in behalf of the town, on the 2d of January, 1659-60, for the consider- ation of £25. A reservation of 20 acres was made by the Indians in this tract, for planting ground, to lie entire, by itself. Excepting this, the Sagamore agreed "to defend the land with the swamps, timber, trees, and all the privileges, from the claims of any other Indian whatsoever."
The reservation of 20 acres the Sagamore, Ansantaway, and two sons, sold to Ensign Bryan, for the town, on the 12th of December, 1661, for 6 coats, 3 blankets, and 3 pair of breeches. By the articles of agreement the Indians, "for themselves and others, disclaimed having any privileges there
87
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.
or in Milford, except the privilege of fishing, and this far, mu- tually consented and agreed, that in case of danger the said Ansantaway and his wife and sonnes should have liberty to sitt down for shelter in some place near the town where the towns-men should think most fitt ; and provided that under that pretence they should not harbour any but what were truly and really of their own household. Also they gave and granted unto Ensign Alexander Bryan full and free possession of the said land and privileges which was the Remainder of all the lands which they had in Milford."* The deeds of the three last purchases were signed by the same Indians, as fol- lows :
ANSANTAWAY, his
mark.
TOUTONOMAE, his
mark.
AKENASH,
his
mark.
Ten Indians, who were successors and heirs of those who had given the four deeds just noticed, on the 2d of October, 1682, gave Governor Treat and others, in behalf of the town, for the consideration of £5 pay, a quit claim " of all the right, title, and interest, which they or their heirs and successors had or ever should have to the lands so deeded by their prede- cessors, with all the meadows, islands, woods, waters, and privileges thereof and thereunto appertaining. And further, these Indians engaged themselves and heirs to secure and de- fend the English from any claim of any Indian to the said land or parcels of land whatsoever." The ten Indians who gave this quit claim, were, Conquepotana, Nanshoota, Ahenach, Assowas, Muchilin, Sowehoux, Chipoanke, Teunque, Rash- inoot, and Roucheage.
Conquepotana and Ahuntaway, chieftains at Paugusset, on the 17th of June, 1685, in behalf of themselves and other Indians, sold to Robert Treat, Esq., Samuel Eells, Benjamin Fenn, Thomas Clark, and Sylvanus Baldwin, agents of Milford, a tract of land "lying above the path which goeth from New Haven to Derby, and bounded with said path south, and a
* This land was bought by Thomas Welch at an outery, (auction,) for the sum of £21 6s.
88
HISTORY OF THE
brook called Bladen's brook, (on the south side of Scucurra, or Snake Hill,) north, with the line that is the bounds between New Haven and Milford, east, and the line that is the bounds between Derby and Milford, west, which said land was a mile and sixs core rods in breath throughout the length of it." 'The Indians "reserved the liberty of hunting on this ground."
..
A purchase was made on the 29th of February, 1700, by Robert Treat, Esq., Mr. Thomas Clark, Sen., Samuel Buck- ingham, Sen., Lieut. Sylvanus Baldwin, and Ensign George Clark, agents for Milford, of a tract of land " lying northward of Bladen's brook, unto a brook called Lebanon brook, bound- ed north by said Lebanon brook, east by New Haven land, south by Bladen's brook, and west by the line between Derby and Milford; said land being a mile and six score rods in breadth." The consideration given for this land was £15 in pay, and 15s. in silver. The deed was signed by nine In- dians, viz : Conquepotana, Ahantaway, Rasquenoot, Waurar- runton, Wonountacun, Pequit, Suckatash, Durquin, and Windham. This tract of land was divided and laid out, in 1759, into one hundred and ninety-five shares or rights and is commonly called the "two bit purchase," from the circum- stance of each buyer of a right paying for the same two Spanish bits, of eight or twelve and a half cent pieces. This purchase now forms the northwest part of Woodbridge .*
Another and the last purchase of land within the old patent bounds of Milford, was made by the same committee, on the 23d of February, 1702, of the same Indians, for £5 in money, or otherwise, £7 10s. in pay, bound south by Lebanon brook, east by Milford and New Haven line, north by Beacon Hill river or Waterbury line, and west by the line between Derby and Milford ; being a mile and six score rods in width. This was called the "one bit purchase," and was laid out in 1769, into one hundred and eighty-seven whole share rights. This land is now the western part of Bethany .; Thus it appears, that Milford once extended twenty miles north to Waterbury line, but its territory has been ceeded to help form other towns, till it is now contracted into a little triangle, of about six miles in length on each side.
The Indian name of Milford, was Wepowage. The original settlers of the place were mostly from the counties of Essex,
* Milford Record, Lib. 11.
t Milford Record, Lib. 15, page 281.
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4
89
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.
Hereford, and York. A number of them came to New Eng- land with Messrs. Eaton and Davenport's company, and remained with them at New Haven during the year 1638. Their pastor, Mr. Peter Prudden, was from Edgeton, York- shire, and probably most of these planters were from Yorkshire and Herefordshire, where Mr. Prudden had preached previous to his emigration. Soon after their arrival at New Haven, his company projected a settlement at Wepowage, and while they were making preparation to commence the settlement, he preached with the people of Wethersfield, who. at that time had no minister. While he officiated there, a number became so attached to him, that when he left they accompanied him and incorporated with his church. These were before from Watertown, Massachusetts, and were a part of Sir Richard Saltonstall's company, from Essex, England.
The first planters of the town stand enrolled in the following order, on the first page of Lib. 1, of Milford records, to which is here added, as far as can be ascertained, the date of the death of each individual. The persons with an asterisk prefixed to their names, came with the New Haven company ; the others from Wethersfield. This mark t shows the names of the early settlers, which are now extinct in the town.
November 29th, 1639 .- Those persons whose names are hereunder written are allowed to be Free Planters, having for the present lib- erty to act in the choyce of public officers, for the carrying on of public affayres in this plantation.
*Zackariah Whitman,t
Died. 1666
George Hubbard,t 1650
*Thomas Welch,
1681
Jasper Gunn, physician,
1670
Thomas Wheeler,
1672
John Fletcher,t
1662
*Edmund Tapp,t
1653
Alexander Bryan,
1679
*Thomas Buckingham,
1657
Frances Bolt,t
1649
*Richard Miles,
1667 1671 1684
Edmond Harvey,t
1648
*Mr. Peter Prudden,
1656
John Lane,t
1669
*William Fowler,
1660
William East, t
1681
John Astwood,t
1654
Thomas Lawrence,
1648
*Richard Baldwin,
1665
Thomas Sandford,
1681
*Benjamin Fenn,
1672
*Timothy Baldwin, 1664
Samuel Coley,t
1684
George Clark, Junior, John Burwell, Henry Botsford,
1690
*John Peacocke,t
1649
*Henry Stonhill,t
1692
*Joseph Baldwin,
1690
1648
Philip Hatley,t
1706
George Clark, Senior, 8*
1690
Thomas Uffot,t
1691
Thomas Tapping,t
Micah Tomkins,t
"Richard Platt,
John Birdseye,t
1686
"Nathaniel Baldwin,
*James Prudden, Thomas Baker,t
Nicholas Camp,
Died.
.
90
HISTORY OF THE
Died.
Died.
John Rogers,*
1684 | *Thomas Tibbals,
1703
Nathaniel Brisco,t
1683
John Sherman,t 1685
The following persons are recorded immediately after, but not as free planters, they not being in church fellowship, which was a requisite qualification, in the view of the colonists, be- fore a person could be admitted a "free planter."
Died.
Died.
Robert Plum,
1655
Andrew Benton,t 1681
Roger Terrill,
1682
William Brooke,
1684
Joseph Northrop,
1699
Robert Treat,
1712
*John Baldwin,
1681 Henry Lyon,t
William Slough,t
¥
.John Fowler,
By this list it appears that there were fifty-four heads of fami- lies. Most of them had wives and children, and if we allow only four individuals to a family, it would make upwards of two hundred individuals who first came to Milford. Some families had more than four, as Richard Miles, who had seven, Ed- mund Tapp, seven, Timothy Baldwin, six, and widow Martha Beard, whose husband died on the passage to America, settled here with three sons (John, Jeremy, and Jamest) and three daughters. From such data there is good reason to suppose that the number of the first settlers considerably exceeded two hundred.
The following is a list of the principal after-planters, with the year of their settlement in the town :
Henry Allyn,#
1645 | Robert Denison,t 1645
Edward Adams,t
1646
Gilbert Dalison,t 1647
Joshua Atwater,
1655
Charles Deal,t 1656
Joshua Ashburn,t 1650 Robert Downs, 1660
Hants Albers,t
1645
Samuel Eell,
1664
Thomas Andrew, 1673
Thomas Farman,t 1658
Thomas Bayley,
1646
Nathaniel Farrand,t
1645
Thomas Beardsley,t
1647 Samuel Fitch,§
1644
John Brown,t 1648
John Ford,
1646
Roger Betts,t
1658
Thomas Ford,
1646
Thomas Betts, t
1658
Stephen Freeman,t
1658
Thomas Beach,
1658
John Fisk, physician,t
1695
Thomas Campfield,t
1648
Nathaniel Gould,t
1646
* It is the tradition that he was a descendant of John Rogers, the martyr in Queen Mary's reign.
t James was the eldest, and died in 1642, unmarried. His estate was settled by Capt. Astwood, Judge, and was the first estate admin- istered upon in Milford.
# Ancestor of Col. Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonderoga.
§ Removed to Norwalk. He was ancestor of Gov. Thomas Fitch.
.
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.
91
Joseph Guernsey,t
1673|
David Phillips,t
1660
Thomas Hine,
1646
Edward Riggs,t
1640
Richard Haughton,t
William Roberts,t
1645
Thomas Hayes, t
1645
Thomas Read, t
1647
Richard Holbrook,t
1658
Joseph Sill,t
1648
Richard Hollingworth,t
Richard Shute,t
1642
Jonathan Ingersoll,+ joiner, 1698
John Smith,
&. 1643
Walter Joye,t
1650
John Stream,t
1646
Jesse Lambert,
1680
John Stone,t
1650
Jonathan Law,
1664
Vincent Stilson,t
1646
Simon Lubdell,t
1645
Peter Simpson, t
1654
Miles Merwin,
1645
Edward Turner,t
1651
Miles Moore,t
1646
Henry Tomlinson,#
1652
Jonathan Marsh,t
1649
Tho. Talmadge,t
1656
Thomas Mecock,t
1658
William Tyler,t
1670
Samuel Nettleton,
1645
Edward Wooster,t §
1551
Mr. Roger Newton,
1659
Edward Wilkinson,t
1645
Frances Norton,t
1660
Thomas Ward,t
1657
James Prime,t
1644
John Waters,t
1658
John Prindle, t
1645
John Woodruff,t
1685
Joseph Peck,
1645
Andrew Warner,t
1653
Roger Pritchard,
1653
Fourteen of the first settlers afterwards removed, viz : Richard Miles to New Haven, in 1641, Thomas Tapping to Southampton, L. I., in 1650, but returned in 1673, on account of the war with the Dutch. He again went back in 1676. He was a magistrate of Connecticut, in 1652. John Astwood went to England as an agent for the colony, to petition for aid to reduce the Dutch, and died in London, in 1654. Henry Stonhill in 1648, and Philip Hatley in 1649, returned to Lon- don. John Peacocke removed in 1651, to Newport, (R. I.) Thomas Baker in 1650, to East Hampton, and was a magis- trate in 1651. Edward Harvey and Henry Lyon in 1654, to Fairfield. George Hubbard in 1650, John Fowler in 1660, and Andrew Benton, in 1666, to Guilford; and John Birdseye in 1649, to Stratford, and John Sherman in 1647, to Water- town, Mass.
The body of planters moved from New Haven by land, fol- lowing the devious Indian foot-path, driving their cattle and other domestic animals before them, while their household and farming utensils, and the materials for "the common
* He was the ancestor of all the Ingersolls in this town and in New Haven. His son Jared was a lawyer, and located himself in New Haven.
# Gov. Gideon Tomlinson is a descendant of his.
§ He was ancestor of Gen. David Wooster, of New Haven, who was killed at Danbury, in 1777.
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:
92
HISTORY OF THE
house," were taken round by water. Serg. Thomas Tibbals piloted the company through the woods to the place, " he hav- ing been there a number of times before." The town granted him, in 1670, "for and in consideration of his helpfulness att first coming to Milford to show the first comers the place, two pare of land as a free gift, lying in Westfield, both parcels contayning ten measured acres." All safely arrived, the plantera erected their common house at the head of the har- bor, on the west side, and a few rude huts for temporary residence.
Soon as they were established in their settlement, they pro- ceeded to form their civil polity. Considering themselves as without the pale of jurisdiction, (as in fact they were, until they united with New Haven, in 1644,) they combined into a little republic. At their first, general meeting, Nov. 20th, 1639, it was "voted and agreed that the power of electing officers and persons to divide the land into lots, to take order for the timber, and to manage the common interests of the plantation, should be in the church only, and that the persons so chosen should be only from among themselves."
It was also " voted that they would guide themselves in all their doings by the written Word of God, till such time as a body of laws should be established."
It was " voted that five men should be chosen for judges in all civil affairs, to try all causes between man and man ; and as a court to punish any offence and misdemeanor."*
It was "voted that the persons invested with magistracy should have power to call a general court (or town meeting) whenever they might see cause or the public good require."
It was also "voted that they should hold particular courts once in six weeks, wherein should be tried such causes as might be brought before them, they to examine witnesses upon oath as need should require."
It was further voted and agreed that according to the sum of money which each person paid toward the public charges, in such proportion should he receive or be repaid in lands, and that all planters who might come after, should pay their share equally for some other public use.
It was voted, that the town seal should be the letters M. F. joined, thus :
MF.
The following free planters were then chosen for judges, viz. : William Fowler, Edmund Tapp,
* The court of the five judges was called the particular court.
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1
a
a
of Palisadoes
30
Line
31
32
33
34
35
36
87
9
38
39
40 KG
55
43
42
56
44
ST
46
58
59
24
60
61
50
52
63
54
65
Necle
MILL
Gulf Neck
Neck
Bear
Fort
Meadow
Great
PLAN OF THE ORIGINAL TOWN PLOT OF MLFORD. Projected on a scale of three inches to a mile.
a, part of fresh meadow; b, part of dreadful swamp; c, part of Eastfield common line fence; d, part of Westfield common line fence. First Congregational meeting-house against lot No. 9; second Congregational meeting-house against No. 38; Episcopal Church against No. 17; and Town House against No. 15 .- p. 93.
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93
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.
Zachariah Whitman, John Astwood, and Richard Miles, to continue in office till the next court of election, to be holden the first week in October. These five judges were to admit inhabitants and divide lands.
·
.
The first settlers located themselves on each side of the Mill river, and the West End brook, probably for the con- venience of water for themselves and cattle. Their house lots were laid out in parallel narrow slips, containing each about three acres. Some of them had double lots, i. e., two slips adjoining. Each planter was to erect a good house on his lot within three years, or it was to go back to the town. The location of the house of each first planter, as they were recorded in 1646, is seen on the plan of the town, by finding the same number which is prefixed to the name of each indi- vidual in the following list. The exact quantity of land in the house lot of each person, is here placed against his name :
1 John Astwood,
7 2
P. 0 31 Robert Denison, 3
r. 0
p.
2 Richard Baldwin, 3 0
0 32 Zachariah Whitman, 7 2 0
3 Benjamin Fenn, 2 11 3 33 Thomas Welch, 4
4 Samuel Cooley, 2 1 20 34 Thomas Wheeler,
3 0 0
5 John Peacocke,
1
3 0 35 Mr. Edmond Tapp, 7 2
2 3
0
7 Nathaniel Baldwin, 3 2 0 37 Robert Plum~,
5
3 0
8 James Prudden, 2 0
0 38 Richard Platt,
4
1 0
9 John Sherman, 4 0
0 39 Thomas Tapping, 1 1 20
10 Thomas Baker, 3 2
0 40 Mr. Peter Prudden,
7
2 0
11 Stephen Freeman, 2
0 0 41 Mr. Wm. Fowler, 7 2 0
12 John Fletcher, 2
3 30
42 Thomas Lawrence, 1 0 0
13 John Baldwin,
2 1
10 43 George Clark, Junr., 4
1
0
14 Frances Bolt, 2 1 20 44 John Burwell,
2
0 20
15 Micah Tompkins, 2 1 20 45 Henry Botsford,
2
2 0
16 John Birdseye,
2 3 20
46 John Smith,
1 3 20
17 Edward Harvey, 2
3 0 47 John Rogers,
1 3 20
18 John Lane,
2 2 20
48 Philip Hatley, 3 3 20
19 William East,
2
3 0 49 Roger Tyrrell, 2 3 20
20 Thomas Lawrence, 2 0 0 50 Nicholas Camp,
6 1 20
(sold to Wm. East.)
51 John Fowler,
1 2 20
21 Thomas Sandford, 2
3
0 52 Joseph Baldwin,
2 1 20
22 Timothy Baldwin,
4 0
0 53 Thomas Tibbals,
1 20
24 Jasper Gunn,
0
3
0 55 Thomas Campfield,
3
0
25 Tomas Hine,
3 0
0 56 Thomas Ford,
3
0 0
26 Henry Lyon,
3
0
0
0 58 John Smith,
4
0
28 William Slough,
3
0
0 59 Thomas Bailey, . 3
0
0
29 James Prime,
3
0 0 60 William Brookes, 3
0 0
30 Thomas Reed,
3 0 0 |61 John Brown,
3
0
4
1 00 0
23 Alexander Bryan, 4
0 25
54 Wid. Martha Beard,
0 57 William Roberts, 3 0 0 0
27 John Stream,
3
·
-
:
0
6 Henry Stonhill,
2 3 20 36 Tho. Buckingham,
2 0
.
A.
r.
4.94
HISTORY OF THE
a. r. p.
a. r. P.
6 Nathaniel Briscoe,
3 0
0 65 George Clark, Senr., 4 2
63 Edward Riggs,
3 0 0 66 George Hubbard, 4 2 0
64 Andrew Benton, 3 0
0 (sold to John Stream.)
The planters at first enclosed their home lots in common, each man making and maintaining a share of fence, according to his quantity of land. In 1645, they agreed to make their division fences. By this time, most of the planters had erected frame houses, in the old leanto style, which were covered with rent oak shingles, and had windows of diamond glass. Their object in settling thus near together was for better secu- rity in case of an attack from the Indians.
At the second general court of Wepowage, held March 9th, 1640, "It was agreed between William Fowler and the Brethren, that he should build a mill and have her going by the last of September, when the town were to take it off his hands if they saw proper, for £180, or else the Brethren (five judges) were to appoint what toll he should take. For his encouragement, the town made him a grant of thirty acres of land, lying in Eastfield, rate free during his life, which land long bore the name of the Mill lot. They afterward granted him the perpetual use of the stream. The agreement had reference to a grist mill, but he soon added a saw mill. This mill establishment is yet retained in the family. It was the first mill erected in New Haven colony.
At the next general court, held Nov. 24th, 1640, "With common consent and general vote of the freemen, the planta- tion was named Milford," in commemoration of the town of that name in their native England, and perhaps also in refer- ence to the mill. The court of five judges at this meeting were directed "to build a bridge over the Mill river, with all expedition," and also "to set out a meeting house, thirty feet square, after such manner as they should judge the most con- venient for the public good." The site of the building was the same of the present meeting house of the First Society. At this meeting "it was also voted, so that justice be done between man and man, (because false weights and false meas- ures are an abomination in the sight of the Lord,) that all measures for commerce, for buying and selling, should be made equal to the standard used at New Haven, which was brought from the Bay, and to be sealed by Jasper Gunn; and that whoever should buy or sell by a measure not legally sealed, should forfeit for every such default 5s."
4
.
COLONY OF NEW HAVEN.
The planters soon fenced in common, three tracts of land; in which each individual received by lot his portion of " upland." Westfield, which was the land that lies south of the town, be- tween the turnpike and the great meadow, and extending to Poconoc point,* was laid out to those who settled at the West End. Eastfield, which enclosed the Gulf neck, was possessed by those located on the river. This allotment of land is called on the records "the first division abroad." Mill Neck, the tract lying between Wharf street and Bear-neck lane, was owned by a part of both. The tract northwest of the settlement toward Dreadful swamp, was also soon laid out. The appor- tionment of the two last mentioned pieces of land, was called, "the second division at home." Each planter at first was allotted a piece of meadow land, either in the great East river, or harbor meadows. They paid to the treasury 4s. for each acre of house lot and meadow land. Another division of land was made in 1645 ; half of each share was to be laid in the nearest, and half in the furthest place. In this division the land east of Indian river, north of Burwell farm road, was laid out, and Beaver river plain, west of the town, and Fresh mea- dow plain and Eseck plain. In 1646, another division of meadow was made. The meadows laid out were the Oyster meadows, Round meadow, Calf pen meadow, New meadow, the two fresh meadows, Dreadful swamp meadow, and the Beaver pond meadows. They were to pay half the tax of other meadows. In 1658, was made a half division, in which was laid out Newfield and Indian Neck, and in 1660, the other half division, when land above Wolf harbor and New Meadow plain, was laid out. In that year, the Indian Neck was purchased and divided among fifteen planters. In 1676, was again laid out a half division, and in 1679, the other half. The land divided, was,to be laid in shots running from Oyster river to the Housatonnuc. In 1689, was laid out a division in the rear of the last division, running from the head of Oyster river meadow, to the head of the Mill river, and butting on New Haven line, leaving a two rod highway next to the said line the whole length.
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