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M. L
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01086 2651
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014
https://archive.org/details/connecticutriver00baco 0
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The Connecticut River
and the Valley of the Connecticut
Three Hundred and Fifty Miles from Mountain to Sea
Historical and Descriptive
By inroe Edwin M. Bacon
Author of " Walks and Rides in the Country round about Boston," " Historic Pilgrimages in New England," "Literary Pilgrimages in New England," etc.
Illustrated
K
G. P. Putnam's Sons New York and London Tbe Iknickerbocker Press 1906
-
1
974.6 BISC A9240
COPYRIGHT, 1906 BY G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
The Knickerbocker Press, new York
1
1180259
I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO Lindsay Swift
OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, MASTER OF AMERICANA, WHOM IT HAS BEEN MY RARE FORTUNE TO KNOW AS HISTORICAL GUIDE AND AS FRIEND.
decosta
iii
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Prefatory Note
T HE story of the Connecticut River and the Valley of the Connecticut is so mingled with the history of the country, and particularly of the formative periods, that in the proper telling of it much of history must also be related. Accordingly in the following pages there will be found blended with descriptions of the longest river in New Eng- land and one of the fairest valleys in the country, narra- tions of Indian and colonial wars; of the establishment or evolution of democratic government ; of the pioneer devel- opment of internal improvements and of industries ; of the planting and upbuilding of many and varied institutions of learning, colleges, academies, and schools, for higher edu- cation - more than on any other river in the world - and withal of the growth and unfolding of the genuine American character. In the study of my subject, besides consulting the various histories, colonial, state, county, and town, bearing upon it, historical monographs, family papers, diaries, and contemporary narrative, I have gone, so far as they were accessible, to original authorities. As a re- sult of this research new readings of popular history have
V
vi
Prefatory Note
been made necessary in several instances, and some cher- ished old legends which have become fixed in literature as historical facts, have perforce been relegated to their right- ful places. It is none the less, however, a story full to its last chapter of interest and inspiration, with much of romance, of stirring incident, of thrilling adventure, of the exhibition of heroism, devotion, faith, energy, broad enterprise, large-mindedness, and the true American spirit.
BOSTON, MASS.
E. M. B.
Contents
I. HISTORICAL
I. DUTCH DISCOVERY AND FIRST OCCUPATION
PAGE 1
Adriaen Block on the River in 1614 -First of European Navigators to Enter and Explore it - His Sixty-mile Cruise up the Stream in an American Built Yacht -Story of Block and his Voyage along the New England Coast - Action by the States General on his Dis- coveries - The "Figurative Map" - A Remarkable Coincidence -The Dutch alone Established on the River for nearly Eighteen Years-The first Rapier Thrust between the Dutch and the Eng- lish.
II. ENGLISH OCCUPATION
14
First Move by the Plymouth Men in 1633- Banished River Sachems in Plymouth and Boston - Edward Winslow's Preliminary Explo- ration - Disingenuousness of the Bay Colony Leaders -Their Pros- pecting Parties in the River Region -Exchange of Letters as to Dutch and English Rights- Affairs Shaping for a Pretty Quar- rel -The Dutch " House of Hope " -The "Lords and Gentle- men's " Patent - Entry of the Pilgrims - Ignoring the Dutchmen's Challenge - Van Twiller's formidable Protest.
III. THE PIONEER RIVER SETTLEMENTS
24
Puritans from the Bay Colony Entering in 1635- Beginnings of Wethersfield and Windsor-Intrusion on the Plymouth Meadows - Governor Bradford's Ineffectual Protest-The Dream of a "New Plymouth " Dispelled -John Winthrop, the Younger, Governor for the " Lords and Gentlemen " - Lodgment at the River's Mouth - Coming of Hooker and his Congregation in 1636 - The Old Connec- ticut Path, The Second Connecticut Trail, and the Bay Path as traced to-day - Beginnings of Hartford and Springfield - Secession of River Towns.
vii
viii
Contents
PAGE 38
IV. A SIGNIFICANT CHAPTER OF COLONIAL HISTORY
The Political Motive that Inspired the Dispersion from the Bay Colony to the Valley-Democracy versus Theocracy -Thomas Hooker and John Cotton, Spokesman for the Differing Parties -The Hookerites' Petition in the Bay General Court- Winthrop's Report of the Un- recorded Proceedings- Alleged and Real Reasons for Removal - Provisional Government for the Valley Plantations -The Independ- ent Establishment - Hooker's epoch-making Sermon -The first Written Constitution - " True Birth of American Democracy" - Hooker's Illuminating Letter : a Colonial Classic.
V. THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF HOPE .
56
Troubled Life of the Dutch among their English Neighbors - Petty Aggressions on Both Sides - De Vries's Observations in 1639- His Dinner-table Talk with Governor Haynes - A Pleasant Episode of his Visit -Commander Provoost's Strenuous Five years - A Dramatic Scene at the Fort - Diplomatic Gysbert op Dyck - Peter Stuyvesant at Hartford -The Hartford Treaty of 1650 - A brief "Happy Peace "- Captain John Underhill upon the Scene - He seizes the House of Hope - End of Dutch Occupation.
VI. SAYBROOK FORT
67
The Saybrook Plantation for Important Colonists who never came - The Questioned Story of the Embarkation of Cromwell and Hampden - Beginnings by George Fenwick - Lion Gardiner's grim Humor - John Winthrop the Younger : A Remarkable Personage - Fenwick's Home on Saybrook Point - Lady Fenwick - John Higginson, the Chaplain - Lady Fenwick's lonely Tomb - The sec- ond Saybrook Fort, Scene of an Adventure of Andros in 1675- Beginnings of Yale College at Saybrook - The "Saybrook Plat- form " - First Book Printed in Connecticut.
VII. EARLY PERILS OF COLONIAL LIFE
80
The River Settlements of the Colonial Period - Confined to the Lower Valley for a Century -The First Settlers completely environed by Savages-The Various Tribes and their Seats-The Dominating Pequots-Covert Attacks upon the Settlers -Massacre of Captains Stone and Norton with their Ship's Crew -The Killing of John Old- ham off Block Island - Avenged by Captain John Gallop -The " Earliest Sea-Fight of the Nation " - A Graphic Colonial Sea-Story.
VIII. THE PEQUOT WARS .
First Expedition from the Bay Colony under Endicott-Lion Gardi- ner's Practical Advice -Plot to Destroy the River Settlements
91
ix
PAGE
- Tragedies on the River - The Connecticut Colony's Campaign - The " Army " drawn from the Three River Towns - Major John Mason, the Myles Standish of the Colony - Hooker's Godspeed at the Embarkation - Scene on the down-river Voyage - Debate of the Captains at Saybrook Fort - Mason's Master-Stroke - The March in the Enemy's Country - Burning of Mystic Fort - End of the Pequots.
IX. PHILIP'S WAR IN THE VALLEY
The Direful Conflict of 1675-1676 Centering in the Massachusetts Reach - Philip of the Wampanoags- The frontier River Towns - Hadley the Military Headquarters- Gathering of the Colonial forces - The " Regicide " Goffe perhaps a Secret Observer of the Spectacle - The apocryphal Tale of the " Angel of Deliverance " __ First Assault upon Deerfield - Northfield Destroyed - Fatal March of Captain Beers toward Northfield - The Ambuscade on "Beers's Plain " - Ghastly Sight meeting the Gaze of a Relief Force - A Sunday Attack upon Deerfield.
113
X. THE BATTLE OF BLOODY BROOK 126
Slaughter of the " Flower of Essex " at South Deerfield while Convoy- ing a Provision Train - The Sudden Attack from Ambush by a Swarm of Braves -Many of Captain Lothrop's Men idly gath- ering Grapes by the Brookside when the Warwhoop rang out - Desperate After-fight by Captain Moseley -Memorials of the Battle - The Legend of " King Philip's Chair " - Destruction of Deer- field.
XI. THE BURNING OF SPRINGFIELD .
132
With Pledges of Fidelity the Agawam Indians concoct a " Horrible Plot " - Bands of Philip's Warriors secretly admitted to the Indian Fort on the Outskirts of the Town - A Night Alarm- Early Morn- ing Attack upon Messengers riding out to Reconnoitre-The full Pack soon upon the Village-The People crowding the Garrison House - A wild Scene of Havocrwith the Town in Flames - Major Pynchon's Forced March from Hadley to its Relief - Grave After- events.
XII. THE RISING OF THE NARRAGANSETTS
Canonchet drawn into Philip's War -Flight of his Tribe toward the Valley - Ravages of Frontier Towns on the Way - The great Indian Rendezvous about Northfield- Attacks upon Northampton, Hatfield, and Longmeadow -Death of Canonchet : A Hero of his Race - The Great Falls Fight : An English Victory followed by a Disastrous Rout - A Chaplain's Experience - Final Attacks upon Hatfield and Hadley - End of Philip's War-Death of Philip, deserted and betrayed - Results of the War to the Colonists.
142
Contents
X
Contents
XIII. THE SACK OF DEERFIELD .
The Settlement, again the Outpost, repeatedly raided in the early French and Indian Wars - The first Captives marched to Canada from Deerfield and Hatfield - Knightly Quest of two Hatfield Men -Bootless raid of Baron de Saint-Castin - Motive of de Vaudreuil's Expedition resulting in the Sack - Deerfield as it appeared before the Onset - Completeness of the Surprise by De Rouville's Army - The Palisades scaled over Snowdrifts- Scene at the Parsonage - Siege of the Benoni Stebbins House - Start of one hundred and twelve Captives for Canada.
XIV. THE "REDEEMED CAPTIVE'S " STORY . 180
Journey of the Deerfield Band as described by Parson Williams - His last Walk with his Wife -Their tender Parting -The Gentle Lady soon Slain - Her Grave in the Old Deerfield Burying-ground - Other Captives Killed on the Hard March -The Minister's Faith in the Practical Value of Prayer -The first Sunday out : Service of Sermon and Song - Canadian Experiences - The Minister's Wrest- lings with the " Papists" - Fate of his Children - A Daughter be- comes a Chief's Wife-The "Lost Dauphin of France."
XV. UPPER RIVER SETTLEMENT . 198
Northfield the Outpost in 1714 - Fort Dummer at the present Brattle- borough the] Pioneer Upper Valley Town - The "Equivalent Lands" -"Number 4 " at the present Charlestown - Father Rale's War-Gray Lock - Scouting-parties of River Men - Chronicles of their bold Adventures up the Valley- Schemes for new Townships- The "Indian Road " - Six Up-river Town Grants -The Massachu- setts-New Hampshire Boundary Dispute -The Old French War - Abandonment of the new Plantations - Heroic Defence of "Number 4" -Story of a Remarkable Siege.
XVI. THE "NEW HAMPSHIRE GRANTS " . 220
Governor Benning Wentworth's great Scheme of Colonization - Col- lision with New York over his Grants for Townships on the present Vermont Side of the River- Captain Symes's Plan for laying out the Coos Country killed by Indian Threats - A great Powwow at "Number 4"-Captain Powers's Exploring Expedition - Inter- ruption of Wentworth's Scheme by the Outbreak of the last French and Indian War - Settlers again fall back on the Fortified Places - The River Frontiers now Established.
XVII. THE LAST FRENCH WAR IN THE VALLEY ·
"Number 4" and the Charlestown Settlement constantly Imperilled - Capture of the Johnson Family the Morning after a Neighborhood
PAGE 164
227
xi PAGE
Contents
Party - Mrs. Johnson's graphic "Narrative " of their March to Canada and After Experiences-On the Second Day out she gives Birth to a Daughter - Fortunes of the Willard Family - The John- sons after their Return from Captivity: a Remarkable Record - Attacks on the Lower Frontiers - The gallant " Kilburn Fight " at Walpole - Cutting out the "Crown Point Road " from "Num- ber 4" - Exploits of Robert Rogers's Rangers.
XVIII. THE WAR OF THE GRANTS . . 252
Land-Fever following the Conquest of Canada- Prospecting in the rich Upper Valley - Winter Surveys for Tiers of Towns on both Sides of the River-Great Activity of Wentworth's Grants-Mill - Whole- sale Issue of Charters- Form of these Instruments -The-Gauntlet again Thrown Down to New York - Sharp Tilts between the Gov- ernors -The King's Order declaring the River the Boundary Line - Conflicts with New York Officers and Courts over West Side Titles-Rise of the "Green Mountain Boys."
XIX. DARTMOUTH COLLEGE AND "NEW CONNECTICUT " . 258 Rival Schemes of State-Making - College Party versus Bennington Party - Germ of the College Party : Wheelock's Fixture of Dart- mouth in the Upper Valley - Character of the Pioneer Settlements here - The College District the Political Centre - " Dresden " and College Hall - Secession of East Side Towns - Notable State Papers by the Dresden Statesmen - Erection of the State of New Connecticut at Westminster - Substitution of Vermont for New Connecticut - The Constitutional Convention at Windsor - Ver- mont Launched "amidst the Tumults of War" - Short-Lived Union with East-Side Towns.
XX. THE PLAY FOR A STATE
The College Party's Strategic Moves - New Hampshire extending Ju- risdiction over Vermont's Territory - Clashes in West Side River Towns between Vermont Officers and "Yorkers" - Ethan Allen and his " Green Mountain Boys " on the Scene - A Trial in West- minster Court-House - Congress and the Contesting Interests - New Combinations in the Valley - Ira Allen's clever Capture of a Convention - East-side Towns again united with Vermont - Dis- turbances in River border Towns - Final Move of the Bennington- ians - Passing of the College Party.
280
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Contents
II. ROMANCES OF NAVIGATION
PAGE 303
XXI. AN EARLY COLONIAL HIGHWAY
The River an important Thoroughfare through Colony Times - The first White Man's Craft on its Waters - Dutch and English Trad- ing Ships- William Pynchon the first River Merchant - Pros- perous Traffic in Furs, Skins, and Hemp -The earliest Flatboats operating between the Falls-Seventeenth Century Shipbuilding - River-built Ships sent out on long Foreign Voyages -The Rig of the Flatboat as developed by Colonial Builders-System of Up-River Transportation in the latter Colonial Period - Lumber Rafts -Early Ferries.
XXII. LOCKS AND CANALS . . 310
The first River in the Country to be Improved by Canals - The Initial Charter issued by Vermont in 1791 - First Work in the Massachu- setts Reach - Locking of South Hadley Falls in 1795 - A Remark- able Achievement for that Day - Unique Features of the Construc- tion - The System as Developed Northward - Wells River Village Head of Navigation - River Life then Animated and Bustling - Improved Types of Freight-Boats-Schemes for Extending the System with great Rival Projects-Final crushing Competition of the Railroads.
XXIII. STEAMBOATS AND STEAMBOATING . 325
Connecticut Valley Inventors of the Steamboat-Claims of John Fitch and Samuel Morey to Priority over Fulton- Morey's tiny Steamer on the River-First Steamboats in Regular Service - Gallant Efforts for Steamboat Navigation to the Upper Valley - Triumphant Progress of the Pioneer " Barnet " up to Bellows Falls -The "Ledyard's" Achievement in Reaching Wells River - A Song of Triumph by a Local Bard -The last Fated Up-River Enter- prise - Steamboating on the Lower Reaches- Dickens's Voyage in the " Massachusetts "- End of Passenger Service above Hartford.
III. TOPOGRAPHY OF RIVER AND VALLEY
XXIV. " THE BEAUTIFUL RIVER "
Winding down its Luxurious Valley 360 Miles to the Sea - Almost a Continuous Succession of Delightful Scenery-The River's Highland Fountains-The four Upper Connecticut Lakes -Topography of the Valley -The bounding Summits -The River's Tributaries - Historic Streams entering from Each Side-The Terrace System -
345
Contents
xiii PAGE
Charming Intervals with deep-spreading Meadows -The Panorama in Detail from the Headwaters to Long Island Sound - Fossil Foot- prints of the Lower Valley.
XXV. ALONG THE UPPER VALLEY 367
The Romantic Region about the Connecticut Lakes-Pioneer Upper Settlements -Story of a Forest State of the Eighteen-Twenties and Thirties - At the Valley's Head - Upper Coos Towns -Old Trail from Canada to Maine -The Country of the Fifteen-Miles Falls - Lower Coos Towns - About the Great and Little Ox-Bows - Dartmouth College and its Surroundings - Between White River Junction and "Old Number 4" - Historic Towns of the Lower Reaches to the Massachusetts Line.
XXVI. THE MASSACHUSETTS REACH
392
Northfield's attractive Seat at its Head -The Dwight L. Moody Institutions- Landmarks of the Indian Wars -Clarke's Island and its Spectre Pirate - Rural Hill Towns below Northfield - Beautiful Greenfield -Turner's Falls - Historic Deerfield - Rare Deerfield Old Street and its Landmarks -Picturesque Sunderland and Whately - Old Hatfield and Hadley -The Russell Parsonage and the " Regicides" - " Elm Valley ": a fine Type of the Colo- nial Farm-seat.
XXVII. CITIES OF THE MASSACHUSETTS REACH 406
Northampton, the "Meadow City " -Its Crop of Exceptional Men - The Dwights and the Whitneys -Sites of Jonathan Edwards's Home and Pulpit-Scenes of the Ely Insurrection and of Shays's Rebellion - Smith College - An Educational Centre -Mounts Tom and Holyoke - Holyoke, the " Paper City " -Its great Hy- draulic Works -Chicopee and its Notable Manufactures- Spring- field, the "Queen City "- Beauty of its Setting - Its choice Insti- tutions -The United States Arsenal - Scene of the Overthrow of Shays's Rebellion.
XXVIII. THE LOWER VALLEY .
Enfield and Suffield at the Connecticut State Line - Windsor Locks and Warehouse Point -Site of Pynchon's Warehouse of 1636 - Ancient Windsor to-day and its Landmarks - Charms of the East- Side Windsors- A Romance of the Colony - Roger Wolcott and his Homestead - Birthplace of Jonathan Edwards-Timothy Ed- wards and his remarkable Family - Modern Hartford : Yet a " Gallant Towne " -Its Historic and Literary Landmarks - Trinity College. .
430
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Contents
XXIX. HARTFORD TO THE SEA .
Down the River by Steamboat - Old Dutch Point - Wethersfield back from the Meadows - The Glastonburys- Rocky Hill and Cromwell - Portland and Middletown at the Great Bend - The College City -Wesleyan University and Berkeley Divinity School -John Fiske in Middletown -The Straits - The Chatham Hills - Historic Mines - " The Governor's Gold Ring" - The Lymes and the Had- dams - The Field Family - Brainard the Missionary to the Indians- Essex - At the River's Mouth.
PAGE 448
Illustrations
PAGE
VIEW OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER BETWEEN THETFORD,
VERMONT, AND LYME, NEW HAMPSHIRE Frontispiece
A DUTCH YACHT OF THE EARLY 17TH CENTURY, YACHT OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY, 1630 page 6
NEAR MOODUS
.
20
A TYPICAL RIVER BOAT
.
36
QUIET LIFE BY THE RIVER'S SIDE .
·
50
DUTCH POINT, HARTFORD.
NEAR THE SITE OF THE DUTCH
"HOUSE OF HOPE"
66
LADY FENWICK'S TOMB, OLD SAYBROOK
.
74
FIRST SITE OF YALE COLLEGE, OLD SAYBROOK
·
78
HIGH STREET, MIDDLETOWN .
82
,
A VIEW ON THE LOWER RIVER BANKS
.
.
.
98
A SEAWARD LOOK ACROSS THE MARSHES, SAYBROOK
.
IIO
THE HEART OF OLD SAYBROOK
.
II2
A RIVER FISHING CAMP-CAMP WOPOWOG, NEAR EAST
HADDAM
II6
.
STURGEON FISHING
II8
.
SALMON RIVER, EAST HADDAM, IDLING TO THE CONNEC- TICUT I24
SALMON RIVER, "By mossy bank and darkly waving wood"
130
TREE-CLAD ROCKY POINT
·
148
XV
xvi
Illustrations
PAGE
DOOR OF THE "ENSIGN SHELDON HOUSE," WITH ITS "HATCHET-HEWN FACE." RELIC OF THE SACK OF DEERFIELD, FEBRUARY; 1703/4 · 164
THE "REDEEMED CAPTIVE'S" SON, STEPHEN WILLIAMS, MINISTER OF LONGMEADOW FOR SIXTY-SIX YEARS (1716-1782) ·
180
WHITE RIVER JUNCTION, AND WEST LEBANON, NEW HAMPSHIRE SIDE I86
WHITE RIVER JUNCTION AND LEBANON BRIDGE, AT HIGH WATER I88
THE GREAT OX BOW, NEWBURY, VERMONT SIDE . 202
SITE OF THE HISTORIC FORT "NO. 4" OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, CHARLESTOWN . .
2IO
A RIVER ISLAND-CHASE'S ISLAND, LOOKING NORTH
220
AN ISLAND VIEW, NEAR HANOVER . 224
WINDSOR BRIDGE, WINDSOR, MOUNT ASCUTNEY IN THE DISTANCE
. 230
PINE GROVE ON THE RIVER'S BANK, NEAR HANOVER
.
234
VIEW FROM KILBURN PEAK, NEAR BELLOWS FALLS, LOOK- ING SOUTH-KILBURN PEAK SIDE AT THE LEFT 244
THE BEND-TWO MILES NORTH OF HANOVER
.
252
ELEAZAR WHEELOCK (1711-1779), FOUNDER OF DART- MOUTH COLLEGE 258 From an old painting.
JOHN WHEELOCK (1754-1817), SON OF ELEAZAR WHEELOCK, SECOND PRESIDENT OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · 264
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE IN 1790 · 300
From a print in the Massachusetts Magazine, 1800.
A TYPICAL CHAIN FERRY
308
SEAL OF THE PROPRIETORS OF LOCKS AND CANALS. SHOW- ING THE CONTRIVANCE FIRST USED AT SOUTH HADLEY FOR PASSING BOATS .
312
Illustrations
xvii
PAGE
REMAINS OF THE OLD OLCOTT FALLS LOCKS, NEW HAMP- SHIRE SIDE. Two MILES NORTH OF WHITE RIVER JUNCTION . 314
OLCOTT FALLS DAM OF TO-DAY, OLCOTT
.
.
316
THE MODERN OLCOTT-"WILDER'S"
·
318
ENTRANCE OF THE ENFIELD CANAL AT WINDSOR LOCKS . 324
THE RIVER BETWEEN FAIRLEE AND ORFORD. SCENE OF THE TRIALS OF MOREY'S FIRST STEAMBOAT, 1792-93 330
MIDDLE HADDAM LANDING ·
332
ROCK LANDING
·
334
EAST HADDAM UPPER LANDING
·
336
DEEP RIVER LANDING .
. 338
MODERN STEAMBOATING ON THE RIVER-THE " HARTFORD LINE" . · 340
FOUNTAINS OF THE RIVER.
THE UPPER CONNECTICUT
·
346
LAKE .
FOUNTAINS OF THE RIVER. FIRST, OR CONNECTICUT, LAKE-MOUNT MAGALLOWAY AT THE LEFT . 350
McINDOE'S-BELOW THE FIFTEEN-MILES FALLS
·
356
BELLOWS FALLS DAM
·
358
AT THE HEAD OF THE MASSACHUSETTS REACH-NORTH- FIELD: THE DWIGHT L. MOODY INSTITUTIONS ON THE LEFT BANK
· 360
THE STRAITS-BELOW MIDDLETOWN
.
· 362
LOOKING TOWARD THE STRAITS 364 ·
THE PROMONTORY-ABOVE SAYBROOK
·
366
A LOGMEN'S HOUSEBOAT
.
368
BREAKING UP A LOG JAM . . . . 370
xviii
Illustrations
PAGE
JUNCTION OF THE AMMONOOSUC, WELLS RIVER, AND THE
CONNECTICUT-WOODSVILLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE SIDE · 372
THE LITTLE OX BOW-HAVERHILL, NEW HAMPSHIRE SIDE 374
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE BRIDGE. BETWEEN NORWICH, 376
VERMONT SIDE, AND THE COLLEGE TOWN
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE-THE CAMPUS . 378
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE-DARTMOUTH HALL ·
38c
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE-THE COLLEGE INN AND THE
COLLEGE CLUB, FROM THE CAMPUS 382
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE-LOOKING DOWN FROM THE TOWER IN THE COLLEGE PARK
. 384
JOHN LEDYARD, THE TRAVELLER · 386
"One of the most romantic and original manifestations of the Dartmouth spirit."
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE-THE ROLLINS CHAPEL 388
SUSPENSION BRIDGE, NEAR BRATTLEBOROUGH · 390
DEERFIELD OLD STREET, 1671-1906
· 394
LOOKING DOWN FROM SUGARLOAF, SOUTH DEERFIELD- SUNDERLAND ACROSS THE RIVER 398
"ELM VALLEY"-THE PORTER-PHELPS-HUNTINGTON HOME- STEAD, HADLEY
402
"One of the finest types of the Colonial Farm Seat in the Valley."
ROUND HILL, NORTHAMPTON, IN THE EIGHTEEN-THIRTIES 404 (The period of Cogswell and Bancroft's Round Hill School for Boys here.) From an old print.
JONATHAN EDWARDS · · 406 From a portrait of 1740, the most authentic portrait existing.
WIFE OF JONATHAN EDWARDS
· 406 From a portrait of 1740.
Illustrations
xix
PAGE
THE JONATHAN EDWARDS ELM, NORTHAMPTON: IN FRONT OF THE WHITNEY HOUSE ON THE SITE OF THE HOUSE OF JONATHAN EDWARDS. THE WHITNEY FAMILY · 408
GROUPED ABOUT THE TREE .
SMITH COLLEGE-COLLEGE HALL
.
·
·
410
·
From photographs by Miss Katherine E. Mcclellan,
Northampton.
SMITH COLLEGE-THE STUDENTS' BUILDING
.
·
412
. SMITH COLLEGE-SEELYE HALL
·
414
·
From photographs by Miss Katherine E. Mcclellan,
Northampton.
SMITH COLLEGE-VIEW ACROSS THE CAMPUS .
·
416
SMITH COLLEGE COMMENCEMENT, 1905, IVY DAY
.
·
418
From a photograph by Miss Katherine E. Mcclellan, Northampton.
THE RAILROAD UP MOUNT TOM
·
420
THE DAM AT HOLYOKE
·
422
HOLYOKE. LOOKING NORTH FROM THE CITY HALL .
·
424
CITY LIBRARY AND ART MUSEUM, SPRINGFIELD
.
·
426
THE SPRINGFIELD HOME OF GEORGE BANCROFT
·
428
A CONNECTICUT VALLEY TOBACCO FARM
·
432
THE CONNECTICUT STATE CAPITOL AND BUSHNELL PARK, HARTFORD
·
438
MAIN STREET, HARTFORD
·
440
OLD STATE HOUSE, HARTFORD, AND CITY HALL. PLACE OF THE SITTING OF THE HARTFORD CONVENTION DURING THE WAR OF 1812 . ·
442
THE CHARTER OAK, HARTFORD
·
444
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MEMORIAL ARCH, HARTFORD
·
446
THE PORTLAND QUARRY · 448
1
XX
Illustrations
PAGE
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-"COLLEGE ROW" · 450
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-NORTH COLLEGE. DESTROYED
BY FIRE MARCH 1, 1906 · 452
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-WILBUR FISK HALL · 454
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-ORANGE JUDD HALL OF NATURAL SCIENCE 456
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-SCOTT LABORATORY OF PHYSICS 458
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY-MEMORIAL CHAPEL . 460
SAYBROOK LIGHTHOUSE AT THE RIVER'S MOUTH · 462
MAP OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER
at end
I HISTORICAL
The Connecticut River
I Dutch Discovery and First Occupation
Adriaen Block on the River in 1614 - First of European Navigators to Enter and Explore it - His Sixty-mile Cruise up the Stream in an American Built Yacht - Story of Block and his Voyage along the New England Coast - Action by the States General on his Discoveries - The "Figurative Map" - A Remarkable Coincidence - The Dutch alone Established on the River for nearly Eighteen Years - The first Rapier Thrust between the Dutch and the English.
T N the year 1614 Adriaen Block, Dutch navigator, came first of all Europeans upon the Connecticut and explored its lower waters for sixty miles in an American built "yacht." That was six years before the advent of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, and before a single enduring settlement of white men had been effected on the North Atlantic coast. The native Indians called the stream Quinni-tukq-ut, or Quoneh-ta-cut, the "Long Tidal River." Block, perceiving a strong downward current a short dis- tance above its mouth, named it De Versche Riviere, the "Freshwater River." Block's name held with the Dutch who came after him so long as they remained about the River. The English adopted that of Connecticut, a form evolved from the more euphonious and significant Indian name.
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